Flatwater Metroplex Final
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Introduction This report was made possible through the Chapter One: Resources and Dependent Populations 1 generous support and partnership of the Nebraska Environmental Trust Fund. 1.1 The Natural Environment 1.2 Ecosystem Diversity Support was also provided by our partners in the 1.3 Dependent Human Populations Sixty Mile Radius Survey process, including the cities of Omaha, Lincoln and Council Bluffs, the Lower 1.3.1 Railroads and Early Settlement Platte South NRD and the Papio-Missouri River NRD; 1.3.2 Population Trends and special thanks to the Nebraska Department of 1.3.3 Projections to 2050 Environmental Quality and the Lower Platte South 1.4 Water River Corridor Alliance for their support and technical 1.4.1 The Platte: A Vanishing River expertise. 1.4.2 The Missouri’s Murky Future 1.4.3 Watersheds and Groundwater Thanks to the members of the SRS steering 1.4.4 Development Effects on Water Quality committee, for their professional expertise, advice 1.4.5 Groundwater Studies and many hours of dedicated service in guiding the Flatwater/SRS process during the past four years: 1.4.6 Contamination Issues Stephanie Ahlschwede, Robert Blair, David Cary, 1.4.7 Resident Patterns and Opinions Christine Dahlin, Lowell Daisley, Todd Davis, Jonah 1.5 Agriculture and Food Systems Deppe, Dixon (Dick) Esseks, Joe Francis, Deb 1.5.1 Farms Yield to Urban Growth Hansen, Kent Holm, Steve Jensen, Glenn Johnson, 1.5.2 Land and Local Culture Gayle Malmquist, Patrick McNamara, Paul Mullen, ` 1.5.3 Food and Cities David Ochsner, Steve Oltmans, Roger Rhylander, 1.5.4 Divisive Policies Duncan Ross, W. Cecil Steward, Rodney Storm, Bev 1.5.5 Disconnections Traub, Rodney Verhoeff, Steve Wallace, and Todd 1.5.6 Preserving Farmland Wyatt. A special thanks to Christine Dahlin for organizing the Chapter Two: Regional Growth Conflicts 33 successful Flatwater Conference and coordinating the many components of the Sixty Mile Radius/ 2.1 Low Density Development Flatwater process; Dick Esseks for his extensive 2.1.1 Sanitary Improvement Districts work on the Sixty-mile Radius Survey, including his 2.1.2 Lincoln Schools and Sprawl summary in Chapter Four; to Deb Hansen, for her 2.1.3 Influence of Major Highways writing and research in Chapter Three, including the 2.2 The I-80 Corridor Community development of a comprehensive regional planning 2.3 Sprawl of America map and planning matrix; to Patrick Moore, for his design/layout and production work on the Flatwater 2.3.1 Sprawl Defined Report; to NeEtta Gillespie for Website development 2.3.2 Sprawl and Community Life and coordination; and Jim Dahlin, for his assistance 2.4 Compact, Efficient Communities in research and graphics. 2.3.3 Urban Growth 2.4.1 Sixty Mile Radius Conferences 2.4.2 Metroplex Conference 2003 2.4.3 Sewer Districts and Growth i FLATWATER METROPLEX / SRS REPORT 2.4.4 Other Metroplex Growth Challenges 2.5 Economic Conditions and Forecasts 2.5.1 The Job Market 2.5.2 Changing Demographics 2.5.3 Omaha as an ‘Urban Pod’ Chapter Three: Assessment of Comprehensive Planning Documents 61 3.1 County Plans-Nebraska 3.2 Municipalities-Nebraska 3.3 Municipalities-Iowa 3.4 Areas of Conflict 3.5 Annexation Policy Examples 3.6 Summary 3.7 Sustainable Development Strategies for the Metroplex Chapter Four: Metroplex/SRS Public Opinion Survey 75 4.1 Survey Highlights 4.2 A ‘Walkability’ Sample Chapter Five: The Five Domains of Sustainability 81 5.1 The Fiver Domains: A Paradigm for Urban Management 5.2 New Paradigms for Planning and Design of Cities 5.3 Conclusion Chapter Six: Sustainability Indicators 87 6.1 What is an Indicator of Sustainability? 6.2 Indicators and What We Know About the Region 6.3 Sustainable Indicators Strategy 6.4 Five Domains of Indicators Recommended for the Flatwater Metroplex Chapter Seven: Regional Cooperation, Best Practices 93 7.1 Urban Initiatives 7.2 Habitat Protection and Restoration 7.3 Regional Partnerships 7.4 Trails 7.5 Transportation 7.6 Green Building Initiatives 7.7 Small Town Revitalization 7.8 Public Policy Initiatives ii iii FLATWATER METROPLEX / SRS REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Eight: Recommendations 105 8.1 Growth Premises/Challenges for the Flatwater Metroplex 8.2 Public Policy Examples 8.2.1 Policy Suggestions 8.2.2 Seven Levels of Regional Cooperation 8.2.3 Policy Recommendations: Bluff’s Region Charette 8.2.4 American Farmland Trust Policy Recommendations 8.2.5 The Nebraska Land Trust Option 8.3 Results of the 2004 Metroplex Conference 8.4 Recommendations Works Cited 123 ii iii FLATWATER METROPLEX / SRS REPORT Joslyn Cstle Institute The Flatwater Metroplex Region iv v FLATWATER METROPLEX / SRS REPORT PREFACE TO THE FLATWATER METROPLEX REPORT We are all members of the global ecosystem. We must continue to respond to the desire of Americans to foster and protect the means of survival. The economy is a wholly owned subsidiary of the environment. That applies equally in all places. We can’t afford to pay the rent by selling the store. —Philip H. Lewis, Jr., “Tomorrow by Design: A Regional Design Process for Sustainability” Rapid growth in the metropolitan region that spans Southeast Nebraska and Southwest Iowa is leading to the development of a urban/rural metroplex that in less than 50 years will be home to more than 2 million people. Such rapid growth will present many complex challenges and opportunities that no single community can face alone. The Flatwater Metroplex Conference is a proposal by the Joslyn Castle Institute for Sustainable Communities for a volunteer organization and a communication strategy that focuses on the future quality of life of urban and rural communities in the Metroplex region. The region is roughly defined by 60-mile radius zones surrounding metropolitan Omaha/Council Bluffs and Lincoln. Of particular concern is the area where these zones overlap, a region of intense growth potential that also contains some of our best farmland and our most threatened and fragile ecosystems. It is a region where existing and potential conflicts between rapid growth and environmental quality, and between communities and limited resources, can diminish our quality of life and seriously degrade our environmental, social and cultural resources. Ultimately, a region divided will also see its economic potential severely curtailed. Growth does not have to come at the expense of community life or environmental quality. Rather, greater prosperity and environmental health can be provided for all communities in the region if they choose to work together to manage new growth. Through a regional dialogue facilitated by the Flatwater Metroplex Conference, communities can work together to enhance economic opportunities and manage shared resources while also preserving their unique qualities and heritage. The Flatwater Metroplex region includes bluffs, tree-lined rivers and watersheds, and rolling hills that flatten into prairies and fertile, alluvial basin agricultural lands in almost every direction. It includes three major cities, 119 communities of more than 400 people, and is approximately 150 years young as a place of human settlement. By some opinions the region has grown in population and developed too slowly, and by other measures the region has prospered in a slow-but-steady, diversified, and healthy manner of growth. For the most part, the region’s most important assets are still intact – environmental degradation has not reached the point of over-use and misuse to cause quality-of-life flight or disaffection from the region. What the region may lack in dramatic natural beauty, it more than makes up with the constant life-and- soul enhancements of broad horizons and green landscapes with clean air, good quantity and quality of water, a dependable four-season climate with an abundance of solar energy, and some of the most fertile soil in the world. The natural environment, like the people who settled here, is unassuming, showing quiet distinctions and changes from place-to-place with both fragile and resilient qualities, and many, many inherent beauties iv v FLATWATER METROPLEX / SRS REPORT for the eyes that take the time to see. Read the landscape through the eyes of Lewis and Clark, and read the landscape today, through your own critical sight. Have we done as well as we might have? Have we treated the ecosystem as poorly as some others? Is the despoiling sprawl of human habitation over natural systems inevitable – just the natural outcome of development? Is this a pivotal time in our GROWTH CHALLENGES IN THE future? FLATWATER METROPLEX REGION: What does seem inevitable, and with an emerging set of critical consequences, is the matter of an accelerating growth pattern for the region. Conservative population estimates beyond the present 1 1. Critical ecological systems are in the path of million in the region project the growth at more than 2 million residents by the year 2050. Omaha has rapid growth. recently reached a new “market distinction“ of 400,000 people, while Lincoln/Lancaster County has eclipsed a 250,000 marketable distinction. 2. Economic growth will not occur without attention to quality of life and the environment. The dynamics of four counties—Douglas, Sarpy, Pottawattamie, and Lancaster—seem destined to insure a steady-to-dramatic growth potential for the region. The pace, the rate of growth and its sustainability 3. The region’s most valuable natural resources will greatly depend upon the public policy and governance decisions yet to be made within and about — water, wind, fertile soils, and a 4-season solar these four keystone counties. The present development trends in these growth patterns, however, are climate — are underutilized. not happy ones. Up to now the growth planning has been based primarily on auto transportation; transit options would be more efficient and less costly in the future, if the investigations could begin now.