Judson Early College Academy HONORS SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2019-2020

Dear Parent/Guardian and Future Chemistry Student,

Welcome to Honors Chemistry!!!!!! I hope you are excited about enrolling in Honors Chemistry for the upcoming school year. Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and more importantly, the changes between them. Chemistry is around you all the time, you encounter chemistry every waking moment of your life. Chemistry is a problem-solving science. You will become a better problem solver. This will equip you to better understand other sciences as well as problems in all areas of your life and career.

In order to prepare you for the Honors Chemistry course, a packet of work covering concepts from previous science courses and basics skills of this course has been assigned. This packet is broken into seven different parts. All parts of this packet need to be fully completed and turned in on the first day of class. There are no exceptions to this due date. I know that things come up that are unexpected but you are given the entire summer to complete the packet. It is expected that you complete this packet in a timely manner, and not at the last minute.

Information to help grasp concepts/skills is provided in the packet including links to great online resources. You are not limited to only using the resources and information provided. I strongly suggest that if you need more guidance or help in understanding a concept to do further research on your own. Please remember that not all websites are “credible.” Wikipedia is NOT credible!

You will have the opportunity to ask questions or clarifications at any time throughout the summer by emailing me at [email protected] or by consulting with other classmates keeping in mind that this does not mean copy off your peers. I will check my email at least once a week to keep up on questions. Seek help early rather than waiting until the last minute.

The pre-test will be given on the second day of class. If there are any questions at the time you turn in your packet from the summer, there will be a Q & A session at the end of the period. Any last minute questions that still need answered can be addressed at that time.

If you do not have a computer or access to the internet, then use a friend’s, relative’s computer or go to the community library and use one of theirs. You have the entire summer to come up with a solution and get access to a computer and NOT having one will NOT exempt you from this assignment. Do not try to complete them the night before they are due.

Summer Assignment:

Section I:

Make flash cards for memorization – Use index cards, not cut strips of paper to produce your flash cards. You will need flash cards for the following.

1 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Section II: To prepare you for the upcoming safety and equipment test. Print the separate document for the “Notes” section of your binder. It is located on the website as reference pages. Read and study the Laboratory equipment and rules for a safety quiz once you return to school. You must be able to identify all the laboratory equipment.

Section III : Skill Sheets I have placed worksheets in this packed that are to be completed and turned in on the first week of school. You are more than welcome to use the internet, your text book, and each other to work through these. There will be a test within the first week of school so copying someone else’s work will not help you to learn the material.

If this packet gets lost somehow over the summer, you can obtain another copy of it either from my teacher webpage or the main JECA webpage.

I look forward to working with you.

C. R. Taylor, M.A.

C.R. Taylor, M.Ed. Chemistry Instructor

2 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Table of Contents

Part Topic Page(s) 1 Elements Cards Instructions 4-5

2 Introduction to Chemistry 6-9

3 Laboratory Safety Rules and Scenarios 10-12 Print Laboratory resource pages for notes. 4 The Metric System 13-16

5 Scientific Notation 17

6 Algebraic Transformations 18

7 Final Comments 19

3 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part I: Elements Cards Element Flashcards

Directions: Use index cards, not cut strips of paper to produce your flash cards. Write the element symbol on one side and the name on the other

There are approximately 115 chemical elements on the periodic table. Each element has a chemical name and a chemical symbol such as sodium (Na). You will notice that not all of the chemical symbols seem to correspond to their name. Look at the examples below.

Chemical Name Chemical Symbol

Potassium K

Carbon C

This occurs because the symbols of these elements are derived from the Latin language. It is vital that you are VERY familiar with the most common elements. We will be using these throughout every concept in this class. For this reason, you are going to be required, as part of this summer assignment, to create flashcards of the identified elements listed below. Place the name of the element on one side and the symbol on the other. You are required to bring this set of notecards with you on the 1st day of class to turn in with your packet.

Example Flashcard:

Magnesium Mg

Front Back

Aluminum Al chlorine Cl Fe phosphorus P S Argon Ar chromium Cr krypton Kr platinum Pt tellurium Te Arsenic As cobalt Co lead Pb potassium K titanium Ti Barium Ba copper Cu lithium Li radium Ra thorium Th Beryllium Be fluorine F Mg radon Rn tin Sn Bismuth Bi francium Fr manganese Mn rubidium Rb tungsten W Boron B gallium Ga neon Ne scandium Sc uranium U Bromine Br germanium Ge mercury Hg selenium Se vanadium V Cadmium Cd gold Au Molybdenum Mo silicon Si xenon Xe Calcium Ca helium He neon Ne silver Ag zinc Zn Carbon C hydrogen H nitrogen N sodium Na Cesium Cs iodine I nickel Ni strontium Sr oxygen O

4 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Note: When memorizing elements & symbols, keep in mind that spelling should be CLOSE and symbols involving more than one letter are always written with the first letter capitalized and the second lowercase. This is important to help identify when one element ends and the next begins.

Example: SI – would be a compound containing sulfur and iodine

Si – would be the element silicon

5 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Student Name ______Date ______Period ______

Part 2- Introduction to Chemistry Summer Assignment 2019-2020

Before we get started with the content in this packet, it is important to understand what chemistry is, its origins and meaning. Watch this short YouTube clip using the link below. The video clip is called, “Introduction to Chemistry,” and is only a few minutes in length. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izeuGr0lbN0

Using the follow URL address to access a podcast posted on YouTube, answer the remaining questions and complete all tasks in part one. You may also use google to help you answer the following questions. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Exbn-AJIJAs

Disclaimer: The following videos contains theories that may be controversial in nature. They are not the opinions shared by the district but theories to be explored. Introduction to Chemistry This section is to get Answer the following questions. Full sentences are not needed instead imply the question in the answer. For example, do not answer, “gains electrons”, instead write “Li gains electrons”. The internet will be your friend on this assignment. You must use pencil for this whole assignment. 1. What is the definition of chemistry?

2. What is a chemical element?

3. What is the chemical formula for ozone?

6 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

4. How is mass different from weight?

5. Determine which field of chemistry is most likely to do the following: a.)study compounds containing carbon b.) Study the effect of mercury in living organisms.

6. Why is the scientific method used?

7. How is qualitative data different from quantitative data? Provide an example of each.

8. How does a hypothesis become a theory?

9. Define the term isotope.

10. What are the three isotopes of hydrogen?

a.

b.

c.

11. What does the word “alkali” mean?

7 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

12. List three properties of the alkali metals.

a.

b.

c.

13. List one use for each member of the Halogen family.

14. List one use for each of the following

a. Lithium

b. sodium

c. potassium

d. Calcium

e. Magnesium

f. Nitrogen

g. Phosphorus

15. List one use for each member of the Noble Gas family.

8 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

16. Where are the transition metals located in the periodic table?

17. Define the term diatomic. Next, list the elements that are diatomic (ie. N2)

18. Define the term cation. Give an example of a cation.

19. Define the term anion. Give an example of a anion.

20. Define enthalpy and entropy.

21. What elements are found in CFCs?

9 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part 3: Lab Safety Rules and Scenarios

SpongeBob, Patrick, and Gary were thrilled when Mr. Krabbs gave their teacher a chemistry set! Mr. Krabbs warned them to be careful and reminded them to follow the safety rules from the contract they had received in science class. Below you will find 16 of our class safety rules and 2 lab scenarios.

Directions: Read each of the 2 lab scenarios.

1. For each scenario, write the # ‘s of the safety rules (#1-16 from our safety rules) that were violated. Each scenario may have more than 1 rule violation. Each rule can be used in more than one scenario 2. After you indicated the rules that were violated, write a brief explanation as to why those rules were violated and what they should have done to follow that rule.

LAB SAFETY RULES * 1. All chemicals are considered dangerous. Do not touch, taste or smell anything unless you are told.

2. Anytime chemicals, heat, or glassware are used, students will wear lab goggles. No exceptions.

3. Clean all work surfaces, apparatuses and equipment at the end of the experiment. Return all equipment clean and in working order to proper storage area. Never leave materials unattended.

4. Do not eat food, drink beverages or chew gum in the lab.

5. Do not point the open end of a being heated at yourself or anyone else. Point it away.

6. Dress properly during a lab activity. Long hair must be tied back and dangling jewelry or loose/baggy clothing should be secured, as these are hazardous in the lab.

7. Exercise extreme caution when using a gas burner. Keep hair, clothes and hands at a safe distance from the flame at all times. Do not place substances into the flame unless told to do so.

8. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ask the teacher before proceeding.

9. Keep hands away from face, eyes, mouth and body while using chemicals or specimens. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments.

10. Never fool around or run around in the lab. This is dangerous and prohibited.

11. Never handle broken glassware with your bare hands. Brush into a dustpan to clean up broken glass. Place broken or waste glassware in the designated glass disposal container.

12. Never look directly into a container that is being heated

13. Never smell a substance directly. Always “waft” it.

14. Never work alone, perform an experiment or mix chemicals together without a teacher present. Follow all instructions in the lab you are given and instructions that the teacher explains.

15. Report any spill, breakage, cut or burn to the teacher immediately, no matter how minor it may seem.

16. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times

10 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

LAB SCENARIOS

SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2

SpongeBob and Gary put their contracts away and decided SpongeBob poured some of the substance into a test tube to test the properties of a mystery substance since their and began to heat it. When it started to bubble he looked teacher was gone. They left Their safety goggles on the into the test tube to see what was happening and pointed it table. And SpongeBob lit the Bunsen burner. He then towards Gary so he could see. Gary thought it smelled reached across the flame to get a test tube from Gary. In the weird so he took a deep whiff of it. He didn’t think it process, he lit his tie on fire, knocked over a bottle of the smelled poisonous and tasted a little bit of the substance. mystery substance and a little bit splashed on Gary. They were worried about running out of time, so they left the test tube and materials on the table and moved to a different station to try another experiment.

RULES VIOLATED: #’s ______RULES VIOLATED: #’s ______

EXPLAIN WHY & WHAT THEY SHOULD HAVE EXPLAIN WHY & WHAT THEY SHOULD HAVE DONE TO FOLLOW THE RULES: DONE TO FOLLOW THE RULES:

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

11 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part 4: Lab Equipment & Measurement

Laboratory is a very large component of our chemistry class. You will quickly be learning the set-up, the safety rules, and general operation of the lab when you return to school in the first few days. To save crucial learning time, we are going to introduce you to the different pieces of equipment that you may use at some point in the chemistry lab. Some of the equipment you may be familiar with but most will be brand new. Lab procedures will run more effectively and quicker if you are knowledgeable about what pieces of equipment you are working with, how to use them, and what to use them for. The following section will give you a chance to learn about all the different pieces so that you are ready for lab as the first one approaches in the fall.

Goggles Funnel

Bunsen burner Utility clamp

Graduated cylinder Mortar and pestle

Stir rod Striker

Evaporating dish Spatula

Crucible tongs Wire gauze

Forceps Test tube rack

Watch glass Ring stand

Beaker Erlenmeyer flask

Thermometer Ring clamp

Crucible and cover Clay triangle

Test tube clamp Test tube

Buret

Balance Hot plate

Dropper pipet or disposable pipet

There may be other various pieces of equipment that we use throughout the year but this list is of the most common. You task is to study the pieces of equipment paying particular attention to what they look like and what they are used for.

Print the Safety Laboratory and Procedure Resource pages and study for laboratory quiz at the start of the school year. This is be your first set of notes in your chemistry binder.

12 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part 5- The Metric System & Conversions

In this section, we introduce the standards for basic measurement in the scientific world. Scientist conduct experiments where data is collected and shared all over the globe. Although the United States has their own standards for measurement, the scientific world using the International System of Units (SI) or what is commonly known as the metric system. Data collection and its accuracy are crucial in chemistry lab. Scientists use the same system of measurement so that data can be easily shared and compared with other data. The metric system provides that unity. Below are the fundamental units, also known as the “base” units, which have been defined in the metric system.

In chemistry we commonly use the first five. The metric system is a decimal system where prefixes are used to indicate fraction and multiples of ten. The same prefixes can be used with any of the above base units. The next table displays the identified prefixes. The more familiar you become with this system the easier calculations will be in the future.

13 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

For this assignment, it is important to be able to convert within the metric system, such as from centimeters to kilometers. To help aid in the understanding of this process watch the following YouTube video. Pay particular attention to the “dimensional analysis” method as this is the method that you will be using in this class and with many other conversions that will be discussing. Watch the video, analyze the example problem shown below and then try the practice problems.

Facts You Need to Memorize

Length Mass Volume Volume of a solid 10 mm = 1 cm 10 mg = 1 cg 10 mL = 1 cL 1 cm3 = 1mL 100 cm = 1 m 100 cg = 1 g 100 cL = 1 L 1000 mm = 1 m 1000 mg = 1g 1000 mL = 1 L 1000 m = 1 km 1000 g = 1 kg 1000 L = 1 kL

Metric Conversions

Examples: 1. 5 cm = _____ mm 5cm 10 mm 50mm

1 cm

2. 55 g = ______mg 55g 1000 mg 55,000 mg

1 g 1 L

3. 500 mL = ______L 500mL 1000mL 0.5L

3 1mL 4. 70 cm = ______mL 70cm 3 3 70mL https://www.youtube.com/ 1 cm watch?v=w0nqd_HXHPQ

1000 g 5. 0.01 kg = ______g 0.01kg 10g 1 kg

1g 1kg 6. 5897 mg = ______kg 5897mg 0.005897kg 1000 mg 1000 g Try these yourself and make sure to show your work like the above examples!

14 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

SI Unit Conversions

Convert the following: (Make sure to show all work)

1000 m Example: 4 km = ______m 4km 4000m 1 km

1. 40 mL = ______L

2. 52 g = ______kg

3. 10 mm = ______cm

4. 16 m = ______km

5. 200 mg = ______kg

6. 500 g = ______kg

7. 25 cm = ______mm

15 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

8. 5 L = ______mL

9. 15 km = ______mm (Hint: this is a two step process)

10. 25000 mL = ______kL (Hint: this is a two step process)

(END OF PART V)

16 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part 6: Scientific Notation

Scientist very often deal with very small and very large numbers, which can lead to confusion when counting zeros. We have learned to express these numbers as powers.

Scientific notation takes the form of M x 10n where 1 ≤ M < 10 and n represents the number of decimal places to be moved. Positive n indicates the standard form is a large number. Negative n indicates a number between zero and one.

https://www.youtube. Example: Convert 1,400,000 to scientific notation. com/watch?v=i6lfVU We move the decimal point so that there is only one digit to its left, p5RW8 a total of 6 places. 1.4 x 106 Example: Convert 0.000025 to scientific notation. For this we move the decimal place 5 places to the right. 0.000025 = 2.5 x 10-5 Convert the following to scientific notation: 1. 0.005 = ______6. 0.25 = ______

2. 5,050 = ______7. 0.025 = ______

3. 0.008 = ______8. 0.0025 = ______

4. 1,000 = ______9. 500 = ______

5. 1,000,000 = ______10. 5,000 = ______

Convert the following to standard notation: 3 -1 1. 1.5 x 10 = ______6. 3.35 x 10 = ______-3 -4 2. 1.5 x 10 = ______7. 1.2 x 10 = ______-2 4 3. 3.785 x 10 = ______8. 1 x 10 = ______2 -1 4. 3.75 x 10 = ______9. 1 x 10 = ______5 0 5. 2.2 x 10 = ______10. 4 x 10 = ______

17 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part 7: Algebraic Transformations

A crucial part of being successful in chemistry is having strong mathematical skills. Although the math in this course is not extremely difficult, it does require solid knowledge of algebra including solving equations. There is a math prerequisite to be enrolled in this course; therefore you should be able to complete the following. All of the equations below are ones that you will see throughout this course at some point along with many others. If you begin struggling, seek help from online resources for further guidance.

Calculation the following and express all final answers to two decimal places. a. Using the formula for molarity calculate L if M= 0.86 and m = 4.75.

b. Using the combined gas law formula to calculate P2 if P1 = 1.5, V1 = 16, T1 = 273, V2 = 5.0, n1 = 1.0 and n2 = 4.5 and T2 = 331

(This is to be done on a separate sheet of paper in pencil ONLY)

Solve for each variable and show all work used to find each variable. (Solve means that you get one variable on one side of the equal sign and all of the others on the opposite side.) Be sure to HIGHLIGHT the problem and the final answer for each variable.

c. PV= nRT d. D= m/V e. D= MP/RT f. M=mRT/PV

(END OF PART VII)

18 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20

Part 8 - Final Comments:

So that you are prepared from the 1st day of class, it is very important that you finish the packet prior to the night before returning to school. Remember, you will be turning your packet in on the first day and taking the pre-test over it on the second day. The packet should not only be completed but used as a study tool. Do not forget to bring your flashcards with you as well when you return. I would STRONGLY urge you to dedicate a small chunk of time each week to complete a portion of this packet. Your element flashcards are a good thing to take with you if you will be traveling this summer and have a long car or plane ride. Be responsible! If the packet is not completed and/or you do not pass the pre-test we will need to discuss your future in this course. I know that you all are very tech savvy and can use the internet, so do so for this assignment just make sure that you are utilizing credible sites.

Suggestions for Preparing 1. Chemistry is more like a math class, less like a biology class. There is a lot of math involved (your calculator will also become your chemistry best friend.) 2. Chemistry involves more understanding of concepts and applying them, less memorization of terms. 3. It would be great if you could come into class knowing about significant figures, rounding, and scientific notation. We will go over these concepts in class, as they are very important to your future success in chemistry. 4. Familiarize yourself with laboratory safety rules, techniques and symbols which can be found on my website.

I look forward to working with you.

GOOD LUCK and HAVE A WONDERFUL SUMMER! Get plenty of rest and relaxation as we have a big year ahead of us!

Mrs. Taylor

19 | P a g e Judson Early College Academy Honors Chemistry 19- 20