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Political Parties and Party Systems in Kenya
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Elischer, Sebastian Working Paper Ethnic Coalitions of Convenience and Commitment: Political Parties and Party Systems in Kenya GIGA Working Papers, No. 68 Provided in Cooperation with: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Suggested Citation: Elischer, Sebastian (2008) : Ethnic Coalitions of Convenience and Commitment: Political Parties and Party Systems in Kenya, GIGA Working Papers, No. 68, German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/47826 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort -
Post-Election Violence in Kenya
Spontaneous or Premeditated? DISCUSSION PAPER 57 SPONTANEOUS OR PREMEDITATED? Post-Election Violence in Kenya GODWIN R. MURUNGA NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Elections Violence Political violence Political crisis Ethnicity Democratization Kenya The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-694-7 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. Spontaneous or Premeditated? Contents Contents ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7 Post-Election Violence: Overview of the Literature .............................................................................8 A Note on the Kenyan Democratisation Processes ............................................................................13 Clash of Interpretations ................................................................................................................................17 The Ballot Box and -
Kenya Election History 1963-2013
KENYA ELECTION HISTORY 1963-2013 1963 Kenya Election History 1963 1963: THE PRE-INDEPENDENCE ELECTIONS These were the last elections in pre-independent Kenya and the key players were two political parties, KANU and KADU. KADU drew its support from smaller, less urbanized communities hence advocated majimboism (regionalism) as a means of protecting them. KANU had been forced to accept KADU’s proposal to incorporate a majimbo system of government after being pressured by the British government. Though KANU agreed to majimbo, it vowed to undo it after gaining political power. The majimbo constitution that was introduced in 1962 provided for a two-chamber national legislature consisting of an upper (Senate) and lower (House of Representative). The Campaign KADU allied with the African People’s Party (APP) in the campaign. KANU and APP agreed not to field candidates in seats where the other stood a better chance. The Voting Elections were marked by high voter turnout and were held in three phases. They were widely boycotted in the North Eastern Province. Violence was reported in various parts of the country; four were killed in Isiolo, teargas used in Nyanza and Nakuru, clashes between supporters in Machakos, Mombasa, Nairobi and Kitale. In the House of Representative KANU won 66 seats out of 112 and gained working majority from 4 independents and 3 from NPUA, KADU took 47 seats and APP won 8. In the Senate KANU won 19 out 38 seats while KADU won 16 seats, APP won 2 and NPUA only 1. REFERENCE: NATIONAL ELECTIONS DATA BOOK By Institute for Education in Democracy (published in 1997). -
The Challenges of Reinvigorating Democracy Through Visual Art in 21St Century Nairobi
The challenges of reinvigorating democracy through visual art in 21st century Nairobi Craig Campbell Halliday 30 September 2019 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sainsbury Research Unit for the Arts of Africa, Oceania & the Americas School of Art, Media and American Studies University of East Anglia, Norwich This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 1 Abstract This study examines the potential for contemporary visual art to reinvigorate democracy in 21st century Nairobi, Kenya, through an interdisciplinary investigation. The new millennium ushered in fresh hope for democratisation in the postcolonial East African country. In 2002, Daniel arap Moi’s 24 years of authoritarian rule ended. The opposition were victorious at the ballot box, instilling a belief amongst the electorate that formal political processes could bring change. However, the post-election violence of 2007/8 shattered such convictions. But, from this election result came a progressive Constitution and with it possibilities for creating change. These momentous events underscore Kenya’s topsy-turvy path towards democracy – a path whose trajectory is charted in the experience of ordinary Kenyans who believe in democracy’s value and their right to participate in politics and civil life. Artists, too, have been at the forefront of this ongoing struggle. This study draws on empirical research to demonstrate contemporary visual art’s capacity to expand ways of practising, experiencing and understanding democracy. -
Infotrak Public Policy and Governance Research Division Infotrak Harris Popularity Poll
INFOTRAK PUBLIC POLICY AND GOVERNANCE RESEARCH DIVISION INFOTRAK HARRIS POPULARITY POLL APRIL 2012 103 Manyani East Rd, Lavington P.O. Box 23081- 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: +254 20 4443450/1/2, For more information contact: Raphael Mulwa +254 736 360 964 1. Introduction The implication of the new constitution on Kenyan politics cannot be underestimated. All political candidates must adhere to the national values and pass the integrity test under chapter six of the Constitution. It is possible that the mind-set of the Kenyan voter has changed after the 2007/2008 post-election violence. Through opinion polls, politicians are able to tell what the voters perceive to be most important in terms of policies, voting preference, the message and also a candidate’s popularity among Kenyans from different socio-economic backgrounds. The forthcoming general elections will be the first under the new constitution. Alliances have been formed as part of the strategies to win the presidential race. The campaigns have also witnessed new entrants into the race. Ultimately, the Kenyan voter will be the determinant of who holds which elective post. In executing its mandate as a pollster and in bid to inform Kenyans, Infotrak Research and Consulting conducted a nationwide opinion poll to establish the popularity of various presidential hopefuls and political parties. The survey further sought to establish the preferred running mates for various presidential hopefuls. 2. The Methodology The poll was sponsored and conducted by Infotrak Research and Consulting between 11th and 13th March, 2012 through face to face interviews with a nationwide sample of 2400 respondents, to represent the Kenyan adult population of 19,462,358 translating into a margin of error of -/+ 2 at 95% degree of confidence. -
Tweeting Government: an Analysis of Kenya's National
TWEETING GOVERNMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF KENYA’S NATIONAL EXECUTIVE LEADERS’ USE OF TWITTER AS A COMMUNICATION TOOL PATRICK WANJOHI GITHINJI UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-AFRICA FALL, 2017 TWEETING GOVERNMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF KENYA’S NATIONAL EXECUTIVE LEADERS’ USE OF TWITTER AS A COMMUNICATION TOOL by PATRICK WANJOHI GITHINJI A Thesis Submitted to the School of Science and Technology in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Communication Studies UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-AFRICA FALL, 2017 i Student’s Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college, institution or university other than the United States International University- Africa in Nairobi for academic credit. Signed: ________________________ Date: __________________ Patrick W. Githinji (ID No 645313) ii Approval Page In accordance with United States International University – Africa policies, this thesis is accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Communication Studies Signed: ________________________ Date: _____________________ Lucy Wanjiku Gichaga, Ph.D. Supervisor & Assistant Professor, School of Communications, Cinematics and Creatives Arts Signed: ________________________ Date: _____________________ Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. Chair, Department of Journalism & Corporate Communications Signed: _______________________ Date: ____________________ Prof. Valerie P. Adema, Ph.D. Dean, School of Communications, Cinematics and Creatives Arts iii Copyright Copyright ©2017 By Patrick W. Githinji iv Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my thesis advisors, Dr. Lucy Wanjiku Gichaga, Department of Journalism, USIU-Africa and Prof. Nancy Muturi, A.Q Miller School of Journalism and Mass Communications, Kansas State University (USA). The door to Dr. -
Prizewinning Dissertation 2018
International Development ISSN 1470-2320 Prizewinning Dissertation 2018 No.18-KL Decentralisation: Road to Development or Bridge to Nowhere? Estimating the Effect of Devolution on Infrastructure Spending in Kenya Kurtis Lockhart Published: February 2019 Department of International Development London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street Tel: +44 (020) 7955 7425/6252 London Fax: +44 (020) 7955-6844 WC2A 2AE UK Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/home.aspx Candidate Number: 91345 MSc in Development Management 2018 Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree Decentralisation: Road to Development or Bridge to Nowhere? Estimating the Effect of Devolution on Infrastructure Spending in Kenya Word Count: 10,081 Abstract Does the decentralisation of state institutions result in a more equitable distribution of public goods in the African context? To answer this question this study examines a natural experiment in Kenya where the new 2010 Constitution devolved political and fiscal powers to 47 newly-established county governments. A difference-in-differences strategy is employed that exploits heterogeneity in the ethnic alignment of each county to the president. This effectively varies the intensity of the ‘treatment’ of devolution across counties. Using data on road expenditure across all 47 counties from 2010 to 2017, this study finds that the devolution of state structures in Kenya resulted in a significantly more equitable distribution of road spending. These results represent an important contrast to the prevailing view in the literature that asserts that decentralisation reforms in sub-Saharan Africa have largely failed to live up to expectations. -
SWAHILI MUSLIM PUBLICS and POSTCOLONIAL EXPERIENCE AFRICAN EXPRESSIVE CULTURES Patrick Mcnaughton, Editor Associate Editors Catherine M
SWAHILI MUSLIM PUBLICS and POSTCOLONIAL EXPERIENCE AFRICAN EXPRESSIVE CULTURES Patrick McNaughton, editor Associate editors Catherine M. Cole Barbara G. Hoffman Eileen Julien Kassim Koné D. A. Masolo Elisha Renne Z. S. Strother SWAHILI MUSLIM PUBLICS and POSTCOLONIAL EXPERIENCE Kai Kresse Indiana University Press This book is a publication of Indiana University Press Office of Scholarly Publishing Herman B Wells Library 350 1320 East 10th Street Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA iupress.indiana.edu © 2018 by Kai Kresse All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America Cataloging information is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-253-03753-4 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-253-03754-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-0-253-03755-8 (ebook) 1 2 3 4 5 23 22 21 20 19 18 Contents Preface vii Acknowledgments xiii Part I: Conceptualizations 1 Introduction: Past Present Continuous: Postcolonial Experience, Intellectual Practice, and the Struggle for Meaning 3 2 Muslim Publics, Postcolonial Imaginations, and the Dynamics of Self-Positioning 34 Part II: Readings 3 Colonial Experience and Future Anticipations: Sheikh Al-Amin Mazrui and Swahili Islamic Pamphlets, 1930–32 61 4 The Voice of Justice: An Islamic Newspaper in Postcolonial Kenya, 1972–82 105 5 “Get Educated with Stambuli!”: An Open Discussion Platform on Local Islamic Radio, 2005–07 147 6 Conclusion: Toward the Understanding of Understanding: Elements of a Swahili Intellectual Tradition 190 References 213 Index 233 Preface The time of existence and experience, the time of entanglement . -
SPEC Barometer, 2Nd QTR 2018 First Media Release
SPEC Barometer, 2nd QTR 2018 First Media Release PREPARED BY: IPSOS PREPARED FOR: GENERAL MEDIA RELEASE RELEASE DATE: 22 AUGUST 2018 © 2018 Ipsos. All rights reserved. Contains Ipsos' Confidential and Proprietary information and may not be disclosed or reproduced without the prior written consent of Ipsos. 1 © 2018 Ipsos. Contents 01 Methodology 02 Demographics + Recent Events Awareness of Recent Corruption Most Serious Problem in Kenya: 04 Scandals and Perceived Associated 03 Corruption Trend Analysis Individuals Perceived Most Corrupt Past and President’s Perceived Commitment to Current Leaders, Expectations of 06 Fighting Corruption and Expectations of 05 Convictions Success Perceived Main Impediments to Belief that a Corrupt Person Can Be a 07 Reducing Corruption/Suggested 08 Good Leader Measures to More Effectively Combat It Expectations for Criminal Accountability: 09 “Big People” vs. “People Like Me” 10 Kenya’s Direction and Reasons 2 © 2018 Ipsos. METHODOLOGY 33 © 2018 Ipsos. Methodology Dates of Fieldwork 25TH July– 2nd August, 2018 Sample Size 2,016 (Total Individual Contacts: 3, 484) Random, Multi-stage stratified using PPS (proportionate Sampling Methodology to population size) Spread across 46 counties Kenyan adults, aged 18 and above living in Urban and Population Universe Rural areas Data Collection Face-to-Face interviews at the household level Methodology +/-2.16% with a 95% confidence level Sampling Error (Note: Higher error-margins for sub-samples) Interview Languages English, Swahili, Somali 4 © 2018 Ipsos. Sample Structure Statistics: Across 46 Counties Population Census of % Sample Frame statistics % Region (July 2018) 2009 Of *Weighted data of Sample Adults (18 years +) Population Central 268 13 2,548,038 13 Coast 174 9 1,711,549 9 Eastern 303 15 2,907,293 15 Nairobi 214 11 2,042,770 10 North Eastern 98 5 929,158 5 Nyanza 262 13 2,547,980 13 Rift Valley 496 25 4,795,482 25 Western 203 10 1,980,090 10 5 © 2018 Ipsos. -
Internal Organization, Preferences and Church Political Activity
Political Christianity: Internal Organization, Preferences and Church Political Activity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Rhodes, Christopher. 2015. Political Christianity: Internal Organization, Preferences and Church Political Activity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226091 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Political Christianity: Internal Organization, Preferences and Church Political Activity A dissertation presented by Christopher Edward Rhodes to The Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts November 2014 © 2014 Christopher Edward Rhodes All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Robert Bates Christopher Edward Rhodes Political Christianity: Internal Organization, Preferences and Church Political Activity Abstract This dissertation examines the role of internal structure of religious organizations in influencing these organizations’ interactions with incumbent governments and ultimately determining the political activities of religious groups. This -
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Kenya-China Relations
i SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING KENYA-CHINA RELATIONS BY FAIMA MOHAMMED A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DIPLOMACY AND FOREIGN POLICY (EXECUTIVE) MOI UNIVERSITY 2020 ii DECLARATION Declaration by Candidate This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. No part of this project may be reproduced without prior permission of the author and/or Moi University. Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________ FAIMA MOHAMMED SASS/PGDFP/001/18 Declaration by the Supervisors This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors. Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________ Mr. WENANI A. KILONGI Department of History, Political Science and Public Administration Moi University, Eldoret Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________ Dr Paul K. Kurgat Department of History, Political Science and Public Administration Moi University, Eldoret iii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my mum Duthi Hassan and beloved husband Faisal Mohammed for their undying support and consideration. To Rahma, Yasmin and Faiza for their encouragement and to Faaiz and Mahmoud for always being an inspiration. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work would not have been possible were it not for the Almighty God. Secondly, I sincerely thank my supervisors; Mr Wenani Kilongi and Dr Paul Kurgat. I immensely benefitted from their constructive intellectual criticism and guidance. They went out of their way to read and give suggestions that improved this work a great deal. Special gratitude goes to my informants who made this research a success by willingly giving me the information needed in various interviews. -
Uhuru's War Against His Deputy,Cain And
Why BBI Will Not Promote Peace or Prevent Violence By Patrick K. Mbugua President Uhuru Kenyatta has touted the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) report as the panacea for peace that will end political and/or election-related violence in Kenya. Mr. Kenyatta has not given Kenyans his definition or understanding of peace, but his lines of argument affirm his minimalist understanding of peace or what peace studies (PS) call negative peace. Students of peace studies caricature this concept of peace as akin to peace between the proverbial happy slave and the slave master. Overall, Mr. Kenyatta’s arguments on peace and political violence in Kenya are based on flawed premises, among them a very naïve essentialist view of ethnicity, and a tunnel vision of Kenya’s social divides. But that is a topic for another day. Rather, this commentary aims to assess whether BBI is a panacea for peace and whether it can prevent political and/or election-related violence in the future. I will comment on the BBI process and analyse who perpetrated the past political violence and why, and then evaluate BBI’s response to that political violence. The article will end with a comment on an observed and horrifying pattern of current events that negates BBI’s proclaimed intentions. Exclusive process A core dictum in peace studies, which originates from Mahatma Gandhi’s moral philosophy, is the unity of processes and ends. The dictum posits that the process that is used to engender social change should be consistent with the goal. This means that if the end goal is inclusion, then the process for attaining this goal should be inclusive because an exclusive process cannot attain inclusion.