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Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) and His Journey to England in 1961

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Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) and His Journey to England in 1961 series History lessons. Russian Heritage in the UK Society Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) and his journey to England in 1961 “We were all very excited. Around 25,000 workers were there and the managers decided to give us time off so we could listen to him... We went to a large bus park. He was on a flat-bedded lorry, with a microphone, and he spoke to us all... He then asked if we had any questions. So, I fired away: 'What do the stars look like out in space?'... He laughed and said: 'I was really too busy taking care of the spacecraft to look at the stars!'" (Roy Darbyshire, one of the workers of the factory) RUSSIAN PRESENCE IN GREAT BRITAIN RUSSIAN PRESENCE IN GREAT GREENWICH Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) and his journey to England in 1961 April 12, 1961: Soviets Orbit Gagarin, First Human in Space (Source space.com) 1 Russian Heritage in the UK Society Yuri Gagarin in Britain Yuri Gagarin, the first man in Many British entities and individuals space, was in the UK between 11- sent Gagarin invitations to visit the 15 July 1961. He was initially invited country as part of his world tour by the Manchester branch of the following the triumphal flight. Those Amalgamated Union of Foundry included “GB-USSR Association”, Workers (the cosmonaut completed chaired by Sir Fitzroy Maclean, and the a course at a vocational school, with ballet promoter Victor Hochhauser. distinction, qualifying as a moulder, Those invitations were however private before joining the Air Force) and the and not approved by the Cabinet. organizers of the Soviet industrial After the visit was announced, on exhibition in London, but literally at 7 July Prime Minister Macmillan the last moment, after long pondering concluded, guided by a Foreign Office and compromising meetings were memo, that Cabinet ministers should arranged with PM Harold Macmillan, not be holding a lunch in Yuri Gagarin’s HM the Queen, as well as other official honour - with nothing more than private events. meetings with Sir Fitzroy Maclean and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin arriving at Buckingham Palace during his four-day visit to Great Britain, July 1961 (Source Popperfoto/Getty Images) 2 Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) and his journey to England in 1961 some MPs or possibly the Duke of enough, the plane was named “Sir Edinburgh. Still, this stance was soon Isaac Newton”. A huge crowd of people reversed. The British public service had pushed through the airport gates realised that ignoring the popular to get on to the tarmac and, as Gagarin event and the public sentiment might stepped from the plane, a surge from damage the Government’s image in the the crowd carried him away from UK and abroad. the party of officials waiting to meet So, the Prime Minister met the him. The Foundry Workers Union’s cosmonaut at the Admiralty, his Executive Council prepared a gold temporary residence (10 Downing medal depicting the earth in human Street was undergoing repairs) and hands, with the inscription: “Together even allowed the media to film the moulding a better world”. Yuri Gagarin meeting. was also made the first ever honorary Nikolai Kamanin, head of cosmonaut member, and the first Soviet member training who accompanied the tour, of the British trade union movement. said: “The English people took the Gagarin’s next stop on the visit was the lead in the meeting. The streets were giant AEI works at Trafford Park, known covered with umbrellas as people as ‘Metros’. Thousands of workers spent hours under the rain waiting for mobbed him. Police had to stop the the cosmonaut to appear. Londoners traffic and force back the crowds to met Yuri Gagarin with great warmth allow his car to get through the gates. and passion contradicting our view His welcome was tumultuous. But none of the British as reserved and cold of this ever seemed to alter Gagarin’s blooded. Gagarin won the hearts and smiling composure. minds of Brits just as he left the plane. While in the factory, Gagarin shook his His humble and simple manners, head, saying ‘Nyet, nyet’ when passing laughing eyes and happy smile caught a photographer who was standing the attention of almost all the press, on a casting to get a better shot. An radio and TV”. interpreter told the man that Gagarin Manchester, Britain’s “industrial knew the casting was unfinished and capital”, was the first city in the UK might be spoiled by being stood on. he visited. Thousands of expectant Gagarin commented, ‘I was a foundry people turned out in the pouring worker, and although I am doing a rain to welcome the cosmonaut at different job now, I am still a foundry Manchester Airport, where he arrived worker at heart.’ on a specially-chartered Viscount 800 After the factory tour, the police, aeroplane. The flight was Gagarin’s first linking arms, forced a way for Gagarin in a British plane, and he took over the through the crowds to the car park, controls of the plane for a short time on where a lorry was set up as a temporary the way to Manchester. Appropriately platform. The cosmonaut spoke to a 3 Russian Heritage in the UK Society Cosmonaut Major Yuri Gagarin during his visit to Admiralty House, London, to meet Harold Macmillan, 13 July 1961 (Source Central Press/Getty Images) crowd of over five thousand, made up saluted, a small boy broke through the mostly of workers from the factory, but police cordon, shook the Mayor’s hand, swelled by hundreds of workers from took a quick photo of Gagarin, and surrounding factories who gave up then stood staring at him. The Town their lunch hour to come and see him. Hall had had just twenty-four hours’ Gagarin said: ‘I’m so glad to shake your notice of Gagarin’s visit. A military- hand which here, in Manchester, and in style operation was put into action to all countries, create the most beautiful prepare the Town Hall, the food, and things. There is plenty of room for all the police reinforcements, including a in outer space. Plenty of room for motorcycle escort. the Russians, the Americans and the The British Interplanetary Society British’, and said he looked forward to gave Yuri Gagarin its golden medal for the day when Soviet space-ships would merit in space exploration. He was the be flying to the Moon and working first man to receive it. with American and British scientists British scientists appreciated who would be there, too. The crowds Gagarin’s knowledge and presented shouted back, ‘Yuri! Yuri!’ him with Newton’s books. At the Manchester Town Hall, the Once in London, Yuri Gagarin had Soviet National Anthem was played, a tour of the Tower. His meeting and the red flag raised. As Gagarin with Bank of England workers was 4 Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) and his journey to England in 1961 overcrowded. At the Cenotaph Yuri with no ornaments or makeup walked Gagarin laid flowers to honour British unexpectedly into the room - this was servicemen fallen in the two World Her Majesty the Queen. By her side Wars. were Prince Philip and the ten-year-old Invitation to lunch with Queen Anne, Princess Royal. Elizabeth II, alongside with other Her Majesty greeted everyone nicely, outstanding personalities, was a asked if the programme of events was diplomatic victory for Moscow. The too busy and whether the party had any cosmonaut was joined by Nikolai wishes. The Russians said that all was Kamanin, his official biographer Nikolai going well and thanked the Queen. At Denisov, USSR Ambassador Alexander lunch Gagarin sat by her side and told Soldatov and interpreter Boris Belitskiy her about the flight - and, as he later (for whom no food was served). The confessed, touched her to check if she Foreign Office and Buckingham Palace was real! worked hard to explain protocol details Yuri apparently didn’t know how to use to the Soviet side, but finally they were the abundant cutlery, and everybody pretty much ignored. was looking at him to see how he Kamanin recalled: “At the entrance was a broad staircase, with narrow stairs on both sides. On those stairs stood those who were greeting us, and Prince Andrew’s pram. The group was led into a room, where Earl Mountbatten, Chief of the Defence Staff, addressed Yuri Alexeevich: “I’m not young, and I have witnessed many things. But the event I have best memories of, and which I am proud of, happened when I was very young: the Queen held me in her arms. Andrew will also remember the day when he, lying in his pram, met the first man in space”. Meanwhile, Kamanin writes, Yuri Gagarin cavalcade: Through the streets of Manchester (Source wcml.org.uk) a fine lady, dressed simply, 5 Russian Heritage in the UK Society Yuri Gagarin in Manchester: Greeting the crowd (Source wcml.org.uk) would work it out. Two accounts exist took the lemon from it and ate the of this episode. First - that he said: lemon - something incompatible with “Let’s eat the Russian way”, and took the palace protocol. But Her Majesty the biggest spoon to put salad on his also took the lemon from her cup and plate, and the Queen doing the same ate it. saying “Let’s eat the Gagarin way”. The The British space historian other - when he expressed doubt over Christopher Riley notes that the how to use the cutlery in front of him, media coverage did not dwell on the the Queen apparently replied: “My dear protocol details but rather on the Mr Gagarin, I was born and brought distinction given to the cosmonaut by up in this palace, but believe me, I still lunch with the Queen.
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