Chapter 2 “An Uneasy Invitation
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The Women's International Democratic Federation World
The Women's International Democratic Federation World Congress of Women, Moscow, 1963: Women’s Rights and World Politics during the Cold War By Anna Kadnikova Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Francisca de Haan CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary Abstract My thesis focuses on the June 1963 WIDF World Congress of Women that took place in Moscow, in combination with the successful space flight made by Valentina Tereshkova, the world’s first woman astronaut, just a few days before the WIDF Congress. I explore the meaning of these combined events in the context of Soviet leader Khrushchev’s policies of peaceful coexistence and peaceful competition. Based on my research of the archives of the Soviet Women’s Committee (the Soviet member of the WIDF which organized the 1963 Congress) and Soviet and American media, I argue that the Soviet Union successfully used the June 1963 events as an opportunity for public diplomacy, and showcased the USSR to the world as the champion of women’s rights. While most of the literature on the history of the Cold War is still gender blind, I attempt to show not only that the competition (peaceful and not) between the United States and the Soviet Union went beyond missiles, satellites, technology, or even agriculture, but also that their competition regarding the treatment of women by the 1960s was a key part of their rivalry. The thesis also hopes to make a meaningful contribution to the historiography of international women’s organizations in the postwar era, and in particular to the still largely unwritten history of the biggest global women’s organization, the Women’s International Democratic Federation. -
"The Road to the Stars Is Paved by the Communists!": Soviet Propaganda and the Hero-Myth of Iurii Gagarin
"The Road to the Stars is Paved by the Communists!": Soviet Propaganda and the Hero-Myth of Iurii Gagarin Trevor Rockwell B.A., University of Victoria, 2003 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O Trevor Sean Rockwell, 2005 All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. Supervisor: Dr. Serhy Y ekelchyk ABSTRACT This thesis addresses Soviet propaganda of the world's first cosmonaut, Iurii Gagarin, and the first-manned space flight, Vostok 1, which took place on April 12, 1961. This thesis compares official Soviet biographies of Gagarin's life and Communist Party resolutions of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Key documents include Gagarin's autobiography The Road to the Stars (1961), and the Third Party Program of 1961. It concludes that the Gagarin propaganda closely corresponded to Party directives. In doing so, this thesis analyzes the key themes of the propaganda and suggests how the propaganda was used to legitimize the regime of Nikita Khrushchev. Supervisor: Dr. Serhy Yekelchyk (Department of History) TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Table of Contents Introduction: Space Age Histories Chapter One: The Agitprop Apparatus Chapter Two: The General Line Chapter Three: Our Gagarin Chapter Four: The Road to the Stars Chapter Five: The Molding of the Rising Generation Conclusion: Immortal Gagarin Bibliography INTRODUCTION: SPACE AGE HISTORIES To put the first man in space was a highly symbolic technological milestone. Well aware of the propaganda benefits to be derived from such a feat, the USSR and the USA were, in 1961, racing to be the first. -
Arado Ar 234 "Blitz" in Soviet Service Armstrong Whitworth "Albemarle" In
This production list is presented to you by the editorial team of "Soviet Transports" - current to the beginning of January 2021. Additions and corrections are welcome at [email protected] Arado Ar 234 "Blitz" in Soviet service Soviet troops captured one example of the world's first jet bomber in northern Germany in spring 1945 (Russian sources state that it was found at Pütnitz in March, but Pütnitz was occupied by the Red Army only on 2 May). The aircraft underwent short trials at Rechlin in early 1946, but suffered from repeated engine problems. As the Soviet specialists involved in the trials were not impressed by the "Blitz" they refrained from sending it to the Soviet Union. It is probable that further Ar 234s (especially of the Ar 234C-3 version) fell into Soviet hands when the Red Army captured the Arado factory at Alt-Lönnewitz (Brandenburg) on 24 April 1945. One Russian source states that one Ar 234B and one Ar 234C were despatched to the Soviet Union where they underwent comprehensive study - in particular, one of the aircraft was thoroughly examined by BNT, the Bureau of New Technology. One of the captured Ar 234s was restored to airworthy condition in 1946 and used by the LII for testing brake parachutes. 140355 no code Ar 234B-2 Soviet Air Force f/f 30nov44 previously opb KG 76 of the German Air Force; in dark green/brown purple camo c/s with light grey undersides, the last letter of the unit code may have been an 'F'; captured by Soviet troops in damaged condition (after a forced landing) reportedly at Pütnitz mar45, but -
Mystery of the Third Trip Or Time Pressure Levanevskogo
Mystery of the Third trip or time pressure Levanevskogo The author-composer: Kostarev Evgeny . 2007/2008 Part 1. Start "Flying high above, and the farthest the fastest! " Battle cry of the Soviet government. Shortcut In autumn 1934 the Hero of the Soviet Union, the polar marine pilot Sigismund Alexandrovich Levanevskogo enticed by the idea Flight. He was the first in the Soviet Union, who suggested the idea of non-stop flight across the North Pole. The starting point of the route was Moscow; fit to accomplish the same in the U.S. The Soviet government in this project was received with great interest and supported the idea of non-stop transpolar flight. Of course! From Moscow to San Francisco can be reached in three ways - through the pole across the Atlantic or the Pacific Ocean. In this case, the distance will be 9,605 km, 14,000 km and 18,000 respectively. Sigismund Levanevsky Zygmunt A. Levanevsky - a very controversial figure in the history of Soviet aviation. He was born in 1902 in St. Petersburg. Levanevskogo father, a Polish worker, died when he was only 8 years old. In 1916, after graduating from three classes of the district school, Sigismund gave up teaching and went to work in a factory the company "Spring" in order to feed his family. Revolution scattered Levanevskogo the world - Sigismund in 1919, joined the Red Army, and his family moved from Petrograd. During the Civil War Levanevsky managed to get a fighter requisition, party members, eliminate gangs in Dagestan, and assistant warden 4th aeronautic squad in Petrograd. -
China's Shiyan Weixing Satellite Programme, 2014-2017
SPACE CHRONICLE A BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY PUBLICATION Vol. 71 No.1 2018 MONUMENTAL STATUES TO LOCAL LIVING COSMONAUTS CHINA’S SHIYAN WEIXING SPEKTR AND RUSSIAN SPACE SCIENCE SATELLITE PROGRAMME FIRST PICTURES OF EARTH FROM A SOVIET SPACECRAFT REPORTING THE RIGHT STUFF? Press in Moscow During the Space Race SINO-RUSSIAN ISSUE ISBN 978-0-9567382-2-6 JANUARY 20181 Submitting papers to From the editor SPACE CHRONICLE DURING THE WEEKEND of June 3rd and 4th 2017, the 37th annual Sino- Chinese Technical Forum was held at the Society’s Headquarters in London. Space Chronicle welcomes the submission Since 1980 this gathering has grown to be one of the most popular events in the for publication of technical articles of general BIS calendar and this year was no exception. The 2017 programme included no interest, historical contributions and reviews less than 17 papers covering a wide variety of topics, including the first Rex Hall in space science and technology, astronautics Memorial Lecture given by SpaceFlight Editor David Baker and the inaugural Oleg and related fields. Sokolov Memorial Paper presented by cosmonaut Anatoli Artsebarsky. GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS Following each year’s Forum, a number of papers are selected for inclusion in a special edition of Space Chronicle. In this issue, four such papers are presented ■ As concise as the content allows – together with an associated paper that was not part the original agenda. typically 5,000 to 6,000 words. Shorter papers will also be considered. Longer The first paper, Spektr and Russian Space Science by Brian Harvey, describes the papers will only be considered in Spektr R Radio Astron radio observatory – Russia’s flagship space science project. -
Breaking Ice for Arctic Oil: the Epic Voyage of the SS Manhattan
366 • REVIEWS SHIPWRECK AT CAPE FLORA: THE EXPEDITIONS initially in the chartered Anna Louise in 1859 and from OF BENJAMIN LEIGH SMITH, ENGLAND’S 1869 until 1871 in his specially built vessel, Diana. It was FORGOTTEN ARCTIC EXPLORER. By P.J. undoubtedly the press coverage of Lamont’s voyages, plus CAPELOTTI. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary his books, that decided Leigh Smith to head for the Arctic Press and the Arctic Institute of North America, 2013. himself. In the interim, he had obtained his master’s ticket ISBN 978-1-55238-705-4. Northern Lights Series No. so that he could command his own vessels. In the spring of 16. xxx + 269 p., maps, b&w illus., notes, appendices, 1871, he bought the topsail schooner Sampson and headed selected bibliography, index. Softbound. Cdn$39.95; north in her, bound for Svalbard, with a Norwegian crew. US$41.95. Also available at www.uofcpress.com as an Leigh Smith’s primary interests were scientific, in con- open access ebook. trast to those of Dufferin and Lamont. As Sampson sailed north, Leigh Smith established several oceanographic sta- Benjamin Leigh Smith (1828 – 1913) was in many ways tions, recording water temperatures at various depths and unique among 19th century Arctic explorers. He was a collecting seabed samples. He was among the first, if not member of a Nonconformist or Dissenting family, which the very first, to identify a layer of relatively warm water meant that, not being members of the Church of England, beneath a colder surface layer, the warmer water represent- they could not hold government office or serve in the army, ing the northernmost branches of the Gulf Stream, or more or take a degree from Oxford. -
Images of Flight and Aviation and Their Relation to Soviet Identity in Soviet Film 1926-1945
‘Air-mindedness’ and Air Parades: Images of Flight and Aviation and Their Relation to Soviet Identity in Soviet Film 1926-1945 Candyce Veal, UCL PhD Thesis 2 I, Candyce L. Veal, declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Abstract Taking Soviet films from 1926 to 1945 as its frame of reference, this thesis seeks to answer the question: is autonomous voicing possible in film during a period defined by Stalin’s concentration of power and his authoritarian influence on the arts? Aviation and flight imaging in these films shares characteristics of language, and the examination of the use of aviation and flight as an expressive means reveals nuances in messaging which go beyond the official demand of Soviet Socialist Realism to show life in its revolutionary movement towards socialism. Reviewing the films chronologically, it is shown how they are unified by a metaphor of ‘gaining wings’. In filmic representations of air-shows, Arctic flights, aviation schools, aviation circus-acts, and aircraft invention, the Soviet peoples’ identity in the 1930s became constructed as being metaphorically ‘winged’. This metaphor links to the fundamental Icarian precursor myth and, in turn, speaks to sub-structuring semantic spheres of freedom, transformation, creativity, love and transcendence. Air-parade film communicates symbolically, but refers to real events; like an icon, it visualizes the word of Stalinist- Leninist scriptures. Piloted by heroic ‘falcons’, Soviet destiny was perceived to be a miraculous ‘flight’ which realised the political and technological dreams of centuries. -
Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (The Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea)
Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) Seventeenth century 1629 At the Yenisei Voivodes’ House “The Inventory of the Lena, the Great River” was compiled and it reads that “the Lena River flows into the sea with its mouth.” 1633 The armed forces of Yenisei Cossacks, headed by Postnik, Ivanov, Gubar, and M. Stadukhin, arrived at the lower reaches of the Lena River. The Tobolsk Cossack, Ivan Rebrov, was the first to reach the mouth of Lena, departing from Yakutsk. He discovered the Olenekskiy Zaliv. 1638 The first Russian march toward the Pacific Ocean from the upper reaches of the Aldan River with the departure from the Butalskiy stockade fort was headed by Ivan Yuriev Moskvitin, a Cossack from Tomsk. Ivan Rebrov discovered the Yana Bay. He Departed from the Yana River, reached the Indigirka River by sea, and built two stockade forts there. 1641 The Cossack foreman, Mikhail Stadukhin, was sent to the Kolyma River. 1642 The Krasnoyarsk Cossack, Ivan Erastov, went down the Indigirka River up to its mouth and by sea reached the mouth of the Alazeya River, being the first one at this river and the first one to deliver the information about the Chukchi. 1643 Cossacks F. Chukichev, T. Alekseev, I. Erastov, and others accomplished the sea crossing from the mouth of the Alazeya River to the Lena. M. Stadukhin and D. Yarila (Zyryan) arrived at the Kolyma River and founded the Nizhnekolymskiy stockade fort on its bank. -
Cold War Worriers
TWO SIDES OF THE MOON DAVID SCOTT and ALEXEI LEONOV with Christine Toomey Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Press ,. New York THOMAS DUNNE BOOKS. An imprint of St. Martin's Press. TWO SIDES OF THE MOON. Copyright© 2004 by David Scott and Alexei Leonov. Foreword copyright © 2004 by Neil Armstrong. Introduction copyright© 2004 by Tom Hanks. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com All photographs courtesy of the authors and NASA ISBN 0-312-30865-5 EAN 978-0312-30865-0 First published in Great Britain by Simon & Schuster, A Viacom Company First U.S. Edition: October 2004 10987654321 CHAPTER 2 Cold War Warriors 1956-61 Lieutenant David Scott 32nd Fighter Day Squadron, Soesterberg, Holland Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest in October 1956 and we suited up for war. The rise of Nikita Khrushchev to power in the Soviet Union following Stalin's death had created expectations of change in the Eastern bloc. But the Soviet reaction to internal dissent was brutal. Demands by Hungarian workers for more freedom met with a bloody crackdown; within weeks 3,000 were killed. As a front-line fighting unit our squadron was placed on highest alert. The whole squadron could be airborne and in combat within an hour. Four airplanes, in rotation, were on a five-minute alert, their pilots sitting in the cockpit on the runway for hours at a time. -
Chertok Front Matter
Chertok ch1 12/21/04 11:27 AM Page 1 Chapter 1 Introduction: A Debt to My Generation On 1 March 2002, I turned ninety. On that occasion, many people not only congratulated me and wished me health and prosperity, but also insisted that I continue my literary work on the history of rocket-space science and technology.1 I was eighty years old when I had the audacity to think that I possessed not only waning engineering capabilities, but also literary skills sufficient to tell about “the times and about myself.” I began to work in this field in the hope that Fate’s goodwill would allow my idea to be realized. Due to my literary inexperience, I assumed that memoirs on the establishment and development of aviation and, subsequently, rocket-space technology and the people who created it could be limited to a single book of no more than five hundred pages. However, it turns out that when one is producing a literary work aspiring to historical authenticity,one’s plans for the size and the deadlines fall through, just as rocket-space systems aspiring to the highest degree of reliability exceed their budgets and fail to meet their deadlines. And the expenses grow, proportional to the failure to meet deadlines and the increase in reliability. Instead of the original idea of a single book, my memoirs and musings took up four volumes, and together with the publishing house I spent six years instead of the planned two! Only the fact that the literary work was a success, which neither the publishing house nor I expected, validated it. -
2017 Ranger Shelby Thesis.Pdf (584.1Kb)
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE U.S.-RUSSIAN SPACE COOPERATION: EXPLAINING OUTER SPACE PARTNERSHIP IN THE MIDST OF EARTHLY RIVALRY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES By SHELBY RANGER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 U.S.-RUSSIAN SPACE COOPERATION: EXPLAINING OUTER SPACE PARTNERSHIP IN THE MIDST OF EARTHLY RIVALRY A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES BY ______________________________ Dr. Mark Raymond, Chair ______________________________ Dr. John Fishel ______________________________ Dr. Eric Heinze © Copyright by SHELBY RANGER 2017 All Rights Reserved. For my dad, who sparked my curiosity about space Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis committee, Dr. Mark Raymond, Dr. John T. Fishel, and Dr. Eric Heinze, for their support, guidance, and feedback throughout the process. Their unique perspectives were immensely helpful. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their suggestions and encouragement throughout the process. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Historic Overview of U.S.-Russian Relations and Outer -
The Soviet Space Programme Through Museums and Memoirs
Asif A Siddiqi Privatising memory: the Soviet space programme through museums and memoirs Introduction In the years after Sputnik, Soviet museums dedicated to space exploration played an important role as 'custodians' of space history. Artefacts in museums presented and helped to create a unifying 'consensus narrative' that fostered a shared sense of identity among both participants and observers of the space programme, an identity that underpinned the myth of a Soviet space effort whose engine was heroism, ingenuity and, most of all, priority.l Their claims were buttressed by a huge body of literature issued by 'official' journalists who extolled the virtues of the Soviet space programme. The state sanctioned histories served as supporting texts for the museums, where carefully-selected artefacts, usually spacecraft that had achieved certain 'firsts' in the early history of space exploration, were displayed and celebrated as monuments to Soviet technocracy. (For a discussion of Soviet space museums and Soviet exhibitions at World's Fairs, see Cathleen Lewis's essay in this volume.) Three elements defined the memorialisation of Soviet space history during the late Soviet era, i.e. from the 1960s to the late 1980s. First, writers and curators eliminated contingency from the story: all successes were assumed to be inevitable and the idea of failure was made invisible. Second, under pressure from censors, writers and curators constructed a space of 'limited Visibility' for both actors and artefacts, i.e. only a few selected persons - usually cosmonauts - and objects were displayed to the public. Military domination of the Soviet space programme engendered a culture of enveloping secrecy over most of its participants, institutions and artefacts.