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INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND WATER SOCIETY WATER JOURNAL Volume 17, No. 2 Summer 2001

Contents

2 – From your President 2 – News and Updates 3 – Hall of Fame Nominations 4 – IWGS Research Awards Nashville Symposium 2001 – 5 – A Personal Review - Matthew Johnson 6 – The of Roberto Burle Marx - Patrick Nutt 6 – Carnivorous - Henning von Schmeling 8 – Construction Hints - Anita Nelson 9 – Nursery Production of Tropical Lilies - Brad McLane 10 – Growth & Control - Kelly Rusch 12 – Invasive Aquatic Plants - Don Bryne 12 – Flowforms - John Wilkes 13 – Hall of Fame Awards 14 – Commercial Members

IWGS 2001 Symposium – Nashville, Tennessee

Page 2 The Journal, Summer 2001

FROM YOUR PRESIDENT FROM YOUR EDITOR

Taking on the presidency of such a prestigious We received much good information during the international society as this is somewhat intimidating. presentations at the 2001 symposium and most of Without the help of my active predecessors, Rolf this issue is taken up with the highlights. Items from Nelson, Jim Lawrie, and Rowena Burns to name a the post-symposium will appear in our next issue. We few, I could not begin to face the trials that await are doing our best to catch up with the journal me. schedule, apologies for the delays.

I must say, on the other hand, that I am excited James Allison – Editor about the positive changes that are occurring within [email protected] the IWGS. A man much wiser than myself once said, “The only thing constant in life is change”. As I look back over the years, I am impressed with the positive changes that the IWGS has gone through and I look NEWS AND UPDATES forward to the positive changes that it will continue to go through in the next two years. There is a very SYMPOSIUM 2002 motivated board of directors in place at this point See the details on our back cover. that appear ready and willing to work hard at accomplishing what the steering committee has SNAIL ALERT planned. Brad McLane informs us that snails of the family Ampullariidae (sometimes referred to as Pilidae) have For those of you that attended the Nashville been banned in the state of Mississippi, USA. Each Symposium, you will find this Journal especially shipment of plants into that state will require an interesting. It recaps many of the speakers’ talks so inspection certificate. that if you happened to miss one of them, (because you took all three buses to see the new lilies!) you These snails are known more commonly as apple will get a summary. Actually, much of the snails, with varieties found in a number of continents, information in the lectures should be kept as a and they are occasionally sold as ornamentals in the reference. tropical aquatic trade. However, many can be voracious predators – a reason for the worries For those of you that did not have the pleasure of about their spread. If you want to find out more attending the Nashville symposium, this journal will about them, or to identify a particular species then provide you with the information you missed. the following website is well worth investigating: However, you will never recapture the atmosphere www.applesnail.net and camaraderie that occurred at the Opryland Hotel this summer. It was truly magical. Hopefully, you will HERPES VIRUS plan now to attend the next symposium in Portland, Over the past three years there have been reports of Oregon. It promises to be one of the best ever, with significant losses of koi from around the world. At lots of waterlilies and water gardens to look at, set in least some of these losses have now been traced to a one of the most picturesque parts of the country. virus named Koi Herpes Virus (KHV). One of the worst cases occurred in Israel in 1998 and 1999 In closing, I would like to thank the board members when many hundreds of tonnes of and for placing their confidence in me as president. I koi were lost. The virus causes massive gill damage would like to ask each of you for your help during and lowers immunity to bacterial and parasite my two year term as president, (remember, this a infections, resulting in losses of over 80% of affected volunteer organization) and most importantly your stock within a few days. patience. The latest information suggests that this virus only Warm Regards, affects carp (Cyprinus carpio) including their ornamental forms – koi and ghost carp. Brad McLane – President (Carassius auratus) and other cyprinids are not [email protected] affected and are not thought to be carriers of the The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 3 virus. Survivors of KHV attacks have been Individuals nominated may be alive or deceased; the demonstrated to be latent carriers of infection, able primary criteria is that their contributions should be to infect other carp at a later date. The virus is notable. They may be hybridizers, plant collectors, different to Cyprinid Herpes Virus (CHV) which writers, public aquatic garden superintendents, causes the waxy lumps known as carp pox. growers, or others who have significantly contributed to the furtherance of the Society's purposes. These Accurate information is hard to obtain as research purposes are defined in Section IIIB of the Articles of has only been carried out on this virus for a limited Incorporation as "promoting, encouraging, and period. The Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association fostering the discovery, growth, research, (OATA) recently released a 30 page document out- development, and improvement of the family lining the latest information available on this virus and Nymphaeaceae and Companion Aquatic Plants and recommendations on how to best prevent its spread. the dissemination of information pertaining thereto to the membership and to the general public". The results of their annual survey of members in the UK suggested that ‘almost 50% of respondents had Present Hall of Fame members are: experienced koi or carp specific mortalities which had George H. Pring; Bory Latour Marliac; Henry S. rapid onset and high death rate’. The report noted Conard; Perry D. Slocum; Frances Perry; William that tests have now confirmed KHV’s presence in the Tricker; Joseph Paxton; Patrick Nutt; Walter Pagels; UK, mainland Europe, the USA and Israel. Rumours Bill Heritage; Norman H. Bennett; John & Mary of possible infections have also been linked to Japan Mirgon; Charles B. Thomas; Dr. Robert Kirk Strawn; and South Africa but these remain to be confirmed. Martin E. Randig; Ray G.A. Davies; Charles O. Masters; Jack A.Wood; Philip Swindells; Karl This virus is likely to have a major impact on the Wachter; Dr. Edward L. Schneider; Jean Laydeker; trade of carp and koi, and is made more problematic Dr. Clyde Ikins; Joseph Tomocik; Dr. Slearmlarp by the virus generally only becoming apparent at Wasuwat; William C. Frase; Dr. Robert Caspary; temperatures between 18-30°C. The best advice to Dr. C. Barre Hellquist; James Gurney, Sr.; Kenneth hobbyists and traders alike, is to be very sure of the Landon; Betsy Sakata. reliability of the source of your ; to keep new batches of fish well separated from existing stocks; Nominations should be sent to: and to prevent all forms of cross contamination. W. Wayne Davis, Jr., Vice President c/o Plantabbs Products More information is appearing regularly in the P. O. Box 165, Hunt Valley, MD 21030 press and on the web, though some of this information is anecdotal. The full OATA report Phone (410) 771–1996 / Fax (410) 771-1966 is only available to their members E-mail [email protected] (www.ornamentalfish.org) Deadline for nominations is March 31, 2002

WEBWATCH Please include relevant information, references, etc. We are pushed for space in this issue, so our regular to assist the Hall of Fame Committee in selecting the review is held over to your next journal. If you would most outstanding candidates. The contributions of like to sign up to one of our popular Email lists – the the nominees should be listed in sufficient detail to general pond list or the Victoria and Anecphya list – enable the Committee to make a judgment, sign up at: www.iwgs.org/services/emailist.htm communicate the information to the Society, and also to compose a meaningful description for the NOMINATIONS FOR INDUCTEES INTO permanent record in the IWGS Hall of Fame. Nominations from previous years are also considered THE IWGS HALL OF FAME each year to make sure that the very best candidates Each year the International Waterlily and Water are chosen. There are many outstanding individuals Gardening Society inducts into the IWGS Hall of throughout the world who have made or are making Fame individuals who have made significant significant contributions to the furtherance of water contributions to the furtherance of water gardening gardening and aquatic plants. Our recognition of and aquatic plants. Nominations are now being their achievements is a vital part of our Society. solicited from all members for 2002 inductees. Page 4 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001

ANNOUNCEMENT OF It is essential that the text includes enough detail IWGS RESEARCH AWARDS about the ideas, methods, and objectives of the The International Waterlily and Water Gardening project to enable reviewers to assess quality, Society plans to award a small number of research significance, and feasibility. A simple statement of awards (normally ranging from $500 -1000) for intent or need is insufficient evidence that a project 2002 to support scholarly activity in the area of merits support. research. Deadline for application is March 1, 2002. 2) In addition to the proposal, submit a complete curriculum vitae (CV) including a list of previous This program provides financial support to graduate publications and descriptions of past grant and students, faculty, and other professional pursuing professional activities. research or scholarly activity leading to recognition in their discipline. Grants may be used to purchase 3) Have one letter of recommendation sent to the needed equipment, conduct travel, or supplement Research Committee by March 1, 2002. The salaries. Proposals focused on the ecology, taxonomy, individual(s) providing recommendations should be systematics, conservation, propagation, or familiar with your record of scholarship and horticultural aspects of water lily taxa or aquatic knowledge about the proposed project or area of plants will be given preference. research.

APPLICATION GUIDELINES 4) Submit four copies of the completed application 1) Submit a typewritten proposal not to exceed five (proposal and CV) to the address below. double-space typed pages which includes the following elements: 5) Applicants who wish to receive and/or submit applications electronically may due so by using the a) CONCEPTION AND following address: [email protected] DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT Explain the basic ideas of questions to be explored REVIEW PROCESS and the relationship to your immediate or long range 1) Completed application packages (proposal, CV, research or scholarship. letters) must be filed with the Research Committee by March 1, 2002. b) SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT. State the relationship of your project to the work of 2) Applicants are advised that the review committee, others in the larger context of your field. A literature drawn from the disciplines across the plant sciences review should be included, with emphasis on the will appreciate proposals addressed to an audience of significant contribution possible from your professionals who are interested but not necessarily investigation. familiar with the particular terminology or methods c) PLAN OF WORK AND METHODOLOGY. of your specialized field Provide a brief outline of the plan of work or research design including such topics as: 3) Applications will be judged using the following techniques to be used; present state of the criteria: investigation; the work to be completed; results to be i) the quality or the promise of the applicant’s work expected; and the schedule for key steps in the and likelihood the project will be completed; project. Each awardee will submit a three page typed ii) the significance of the contribution to the summary of studies and results with an accounting of advancement as a scholar, teacher, and interpreter of funds received and spent by May 1, 2003. Awardees the sciences; and will also be invited to communicate their findings at iii) the conception, definition, and description of the the annual symposium of the society and/or in The proposed project. Water Garden Journal, the official publication of the society. 4) Awards will be announced by April 15, 2002. d) A BUDGET PAGE 5) All publications and presentations resulting from This should include brief justification statements. No work conducted under the sponsorship of these funds will be granted to reimburse overhead fellowships must acknowledge the International expenses. Waterlily and Water Gardening Society. The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 5

WHERE TO SUBMIT APPLICATIONS AND of other individuals. The IWGS is very fortunate, in LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION: that many of its great founders and hybridizers within Dr. Donald J. Padgett, IWGS Research Committee, the hobby are still alive and well. I took great pride in Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State the meeting of these wonderful individuals and hoped College, Bridgewater, Massachusetts 02325 USA to be influenced by the foundations they have built (508) 531-2089 Office / (508) 531-1785 Fax for the livelihoods of water worldwide.

The 2001 Symposium was a plethora of information, TENNESSEE SYMPOSIUM 2001 be it from lectures, panel discussions, or private A personal review by Matthew W. Johnson sharing of ideas. It would be impossible, in my mind, for someone that attended to go home without In July, water gardening enthusiasts began their learning something. The lectures covered many areas ancestral pilgrimage for a magical event. The IWGS in the spectrum of water gardening, from hybridizing Symposium, carried out annually, is a gathering place tropical water lilies to the building of a Sarracenia for the sharing of knowledge, stories, and making bog. The presentations were diverse and coherent, new friends in the realm of water gardening. This promoting understanding both for the very advanced year’s symposium attracted individuals from all facets or just beginner. The positive general attitude of all of water gardening, both advanced and beginner. that attended allowed for a great atmosphere of learning, with no one person neglecting the ideas of Held in the beauty of others. the grand Opryland Hotel, the 2001 One of the most impressive events of the symposium Symposium started had to be the banquet and awards night. Everyone with great anticipation dressed in their Sunday best, and gathered to of the three days to recognize those that have greatly influenced the come. The hotel itself hobby. This event was the closing of the main was a botanical symposium and was an emotion filled moment for wonder, holding many. First, the awards for the best waterlilies in the gorgeous displays of year’s competition were announced and their tropical flora. The hybridizers congratulated for their outstanding work. meandering pathways In a way, these hybridizers are like artists. Not even a through this tropical painting could have done justice to the tremendous paradise provided a beauty displayed by this years lilies. sense of relaxation, which set the scene for the 2001 Symposium. Following the awards for the best waterlilies, the individuals elected into the IWGS hall of fame were For many people, the symposium was an eventual announced. This is an honor for those that have meeting place for individuals who had talked over the contributed greatly to the world of water gardening. phone or internet but had never met in person. For Their accomplishments have shaped the historical others, the symposium was a reunion of old friends, backbone of water gardening and the IWGS. It was who share a few days out of their busy lives each year truly a remarkable moment for all members of the for the purpose of educating others. The majestic IWGS, young and old alike and will certainly leave a quality found in each symposium, is a direct result of mark in the lives of all who attended. this diverse and highly knowledgeable group, which gathers to share their experiences and expertise. To me, the information and pleasure gained by the events that occurred August 27 through 29, were This was the first symposium that my family and I more than most people experience in a lifetime. I am had attended. Currently one of the youngest positive that many who attended feel the same way. members of the IWGS, at eighteen years of age, this Water gardening means many things to many people was indeed a melting pot of ideas for me. I was but the symposium means but one thing, the union impressed by the seemingly perfect breeding ground of friends for the sake of a common interest. This for ideas that the symposium environment created. simple fact is what makes the IWGS such a Each individual carried a piece of water garden remarkably diverse group of individuals. history, which could be linked with the historical past Page 6 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001

SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS innovative walling materials and carefully Following a fascinating ‘Show and Tell’ session incorporated misting and root zone heating systems. (reviewed in our last journal), symposium attendees gathered to hear the first of our speakers. Roberto was a keen conservationist, with a love of the plants of South America, passions shared by the Patrick Nutt is one of the founding members of the botanical artist Margaret Mee whom he knew well. IWGS, a seasoned horticulturalist who moved from He helped to introduce many unusual plants to wider England to the USA in 1953, and from 1957 to knowledge (including the aquatic Ludwigia sedioides). 1995 worked at the famous Longwood Gardens, PA. He continues to act as a consultant in his retirement, and spoke to us on.....

THE GARDENS of ROBERTO BURLE MARX The innovative Brazilian architect Roberto Burle Marx died in 1994 at the age of 84. In his lifetime he designed over 1500 parks and gardens, and influenced many others including those at Wave Hill in New York. One example of his designs is his revision of the gardens of Louise Cesar Fernandez where he included a number of hallmark elements. Massive stone terraces make the most use of slopes and planting is in large sweeps and includes lush The Gomes Garden at Fazenda Vargem Grande exotics such as Bromeliads and palms. Roberto’s (picture Rolfe Smith/Longwood Gardens) designs were influenced by the water gardens of ------Kashmir and the stone monuments of Zimbabwe. CHEEKWOOD The following day the group left for a tour of the These key elements also appeared in his 1984 design gardens at Cheekwood which included a large pool, a for Clemete Gomes, the remarkable gardens at garden, a formal pond with Victoria, and a Fazenda Vargem Grande, Areias, Brazil, which use amongst others. The first local stone for the impressive terraces. Roberto safely presentation of the day was from Journal Editor, brought in , Nelumbo and Canna from the James Allison who spoke on The Past, Present And USA, overcoming the rigors of quarantine and shocks Future Of Water Gardening. of seasonal transfer to another hemisphere. Planting included edgings of Hemerocallis, clumps of Crinum He was followed by Henning von Schmeling, the and Plumbago, Royal Palms (Roystonea), and other horticulturalist from the Chattahoochee unusual plants from his own large nursery in Brazil. Centre, who brought along some plants for us to look at and spoke enthusiastically on .... He was keen to include water in the design, with large pools linked by impressive . Some of CARNIVOROUS BOG PLANTS AND the pools were for swimming, whilst others contained BOG CONSTRUCTION broad sweeps of the deep pink lotus from Russia The native pitcher plants of North America include ( var. capsicum) which withstood various perennial Sarracenia species such as the the high light levels well. Roberto also liked to use yellow trumpeted varieties found in (S. flava) Nelumbo ‘Alba Grandiflorum’. Elsewhere were grand and hooded varieties (S. minor) from Georgia. displays of hybrid Victoria lilies. However, Roberto could not get the large leaved Gunnera to grow here. The purple pitcher plants Sarracenia purpurea are generally more hardy and found further North. Roberto had a long mutual association with Sarracenia purpurea ssp. purpurea is found up into Longwood, exchanging ideas, inspiration and plants, Canada, while S. purpurea ssp. montana extends and one of his final projects was designing and south into the Carolinas. Both are relatively flat on overseeing the construction of the Cascades Garden the ground. in the conservatory, working with Rolfe Smith. This Sarracenia purpurea ssp. venosa is a larger and more design incorporates tall columns encrusted with squat plant found more in Southern areas. Bromeliads (e.g. Aechmea) and makes use of The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 7

The green pitcher Sarracenia oreophila is rare and VENUS FLY TRAPS trade is restricted by Federal and CITES regulations. Dionaea mucipula is one of the most well known carnivorous plants and due to tissue culture CULTIVATION techniques is now widely available as a novelty item. The pitcher plants occur in acid soils with low Their original habitat is in a small area around nutrient levels. They like sunny situations but prefer Wilmington, North Carolina. Until their collection cool moist conditions in the root zone. Regular burns was banned, up to 8 million plants were collected of vegetation benefit many carnivorous plants. from the wild each year. They prefer a planting Pitcher plants are almost exclusively pollinated by medium consisting of two parts peat to one part sand bumble bees. The design of the stigma protects and need rainwater or clean soft water. against self pollination. The flowers are well above the pitchers, reducing the risk of eating the beneficial Other bog plants found in the South Eastern States pollinators! include the swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum); the bog cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon); swamp DESIGNED FOR A PURPOSE milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) which attracts The yellow trumpet pitcher has a small ‘lid’ butt e r flie s ; w h i t e flo w e r ed S tyrax ; and trilliums that keeps out the heavy rain that occurs in their which prefer shady cool soils and are pollinated by natural habitat. It has a distinctive ‘cat-pee’ smell. crane flies. The various bog orchids are often Under the lid is a red throat that attracts flies, and a triggered into blooming following a burn of the bog. strong nectar that in effect drugs the flies. It isn’t long before they slip off the waxy zone at the top of CONSTRUCTING AN ARTIFICIAL BOG the pitcher. The waxy plates located here can break The re-creation of a bog in a garden setting is very off as the insect grapples with them. easy. A built up area can be created with 6” x 6” timbers made into a frame and lined with pool liner As the insect starts to fall into the pitcher, it passes a to give a ‘pool’ around 12”-18” deep. The base is series of downward angled hairs that make exiting the filled with washed sand or silica sand and the pitcher even more difficult. At the base of the top 6”-8” is a 2:1 mix of peat moss and sand. The pitcher the insect becomes enveloped in the digestive acidity of the soil enhances the colour of the pitchers. juices and drowns within a few days. Within two or three weeks the insect will have been digested. The A small float valve can be incorporated in a small pitchers are efficient and can fill up with insects by sunken chamber fitted at one side of the area and set the end of the season. to fill the pool to around 3”-4” below the soil surface during the summer months. There are no As the enzymes only destroy the nutrient rich innards drains built in. The soil is mounded up in the central of the insect they leave the exoskeleton unaffected. area, as it will tend to settle over time. Occasional This allows biologists to detect what sorts of insects floods help to get rid of excess nutrients, and a low have been captured and has shown that different edge or low point acts as an overflow to prevent the plants capture different insects. In the case of the soil becoming completely waterlogged. A pine straw white-top pitcher (Sarracenia leucophylla), during the mulch helps to keep the soil cool and some grasses or autumn the insects found are 95% moths and 99% other cover such as bog coreopsis can help to shade of these will be male moths. Research suggests that out excess sun. Use rainwater or other soft water. this selectivity is not due to pheromones. In many cases plants can even be grown in smaller SUNDEWS & BUTTERWORTS dishes and terracotta pots. Choose those without The sundew plants, Drosera, have both catching and drainage holes and be prepared to change the soil digestive glands. Glistening droplets attract small every three to four years. If you are away on holiday insects expecting to find water, but they soon get in the summer, the pots can be kept moist with wick caught in the sticky substance. Surrounding stalks ropes linked to a larger bucket of water. In the move in to make the capture complete. Charles winter, pitcher plants can survive several days at 10- Darwin wrote extensively about his experiments with 15°F (-9 to -12°C) in pots, and probably even the sundews in his book ‘Insectivorous Plants’. colder if rooted in the ground. Below that they The butterwort, Pinguicula also has these two types should be moved under cover. of glands but they are on the stationary flat leaves. ------

Page 8 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001

Our final presentation of the day was from pegs. After the concrete has set recheck levels and Anita Nelson, a regular contributor to horticultural make corrections if necessary. The collar does not magazines in the USA, and co-owner of Nelson need to be poured in one day, if you run out of Water Gardens in Texas. She spoke authoritatively on energy you can stop and pick up again at a later date. hints, tips and techniques for....

POND CONSTRUCTION The Concrete Collar Technique is one of our favorite methods of pond construction. The benefits of this technique are: • Ideal for soft soil areas or very deep . A profile of collar construction

• Leveling is accomplished before rock work is If you are constructing on a sloping site you may installed, eliminating the need to constantly check need to dig into the high side and build up the low levels while laying rock. side. To create forms for the low side use • Prevents you from digging the pond larger than board or metal flashing. These flexible materials are planned. easily bent into the shape you desire. Wooden stakes • Prevents cave-ins along the sides need to be driven in every 4-6 inches to hold the • Gives safe firm edges forms in place. Don't fret about the edges bulging

out between the stakes, remember the collar will Although a concrete collar is not required for pond never been seen. construction, it is an example of how a little extra effort pays off. The collar gives you a nice firm After the concrete has set, it's time to dig out the platform on which to lay in the stonework. It’s a pond. The liner is laid in the excavation, covering the safety consideration! There won't be a visitor to your collar. At this time you want to add any pipe work pond that will stand back and admire the pond; right that will run over top of the liner but under or on the edge is where they want to be. A concrete between the decorative rockwork. Line out all your collar construction guarantees a stable footing. rockwork before mortaring it into place. After the

rock work is set, cut the liner leaving sufficient to Water keeps to the level and a pond not carefully "cup" the backside of the stonework. This allows you constructed with a level edge will quickly illustrate to fill the pond up to the top of the stonework. the incompetence of the pond builder. Leveling, the single most time consuming (and irritating) portion of For a method that creates the illusion that a rockwork pond construction, is made easier using the collar wall extends well below the surface of the pond: Dig technique. If you've discovered, after pouring, that the trench 12" deep, filling it only half way with the collar is not level, it is easily fixed. Find the low concrete. (Leveling is not an issue with this method.). spots and trowel on more concrete up to the level. Excavate the soil in the center. Next comes the liner.

You've created a lower ledge on which to build a Construction is easy and does not require any special stone wall, the liner is behind and makes the pond equipment. First dig the outline of your pond in a watertight. trench 4-6" deep. For concrete reinforcement we use gutter screens. These screens’ original purpose is THE BRIM POND to lay over gutters to screen out leaves, but they are The liner is brought up close to the back of the pre-cut in the perfect width for the collar. They are edging stones, as previously described, and it is then flexible and easily cut with poultry shears. Next, sandwiched between this and any other rock or pound in pegs or dowels every 18" to the desired paving stretching out from the pond. For this to be level, double check each peg with a spirit level or effective the top edge must be absolutely level. The transit. The collar does not need to be perfect, once liner is trimmed off just fractionally below the level of the pond is finished it will never been seen. the stone surface, so when the pool is filled it can

brim up right to the top of the stones giving an Mix and pour the concrete. After all the mix is attractive effect. Before the pond is filled with fresh moistened aim for a fairly stiff mix, the consistency of water, the mortar-work is painted with distilled cookie dough. Shovel the mix into the trench, try not vinegar and rinsed and brushed down to reduce lime to disturb the pegs, bring the mix to the top of the seepage problems. The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 9

A MORE NATURAL EDGE NURSERY VISIT The bog edge technique creates a more natural edge Following our visit to Cheekwood we took the buses to a water garden. It can also be combined with the to the Green and Hagstrom Nursery, passing through concrete collar technique and incorporated into a attractive rolling countryside and woods on route. filtration system. The pond is dug with a wide shelf The group was keen to explore their nursery and going around its perimeter. The width of the shelf display areas, and to marvel at the exotic koi in the should vary anywhere from one to four feet crystal clear stock ponds. We had to dash for shelter according to your design plan. The sides of the pond during a short thunder shower but enjoyed Jack and are edged in the usual manner with or without the Cathy’s hospitality for the rest of the evening, with concrete collar. Rock is then mortared along the edge good food and music. of the shelf where it drops off into the pond, thus creating a trench around the perimeter of your pond. The following day, whilst the group took turns to view and vote on our annual waterlily competition, This trench is then filled with 3/8" pea gravel. The Brad McLane of Florida Aquatic Nurseries (FAN), pea gravel trenches are planted with marginal aquatic and now our new IWGS President, spoke on.... plants (plants that like their feet wet but ankles dry) creating a natural pond effect. The plants are taken NURSERY PRODUCTION OF out of their transport pots but left with the remaining TROPICAL LILIES soil on the roots. This trench can also be piped with (from notes kindly taken by Paula Biles) 1" PVC and drilled with 3/8" to 1/2" holes. Water Brad covered all aspects of producing tropical lilies as from the pond is pumped through these pipes which practiced at FAN: propagation, soils & fertilizers, then percolates through the gravel and filters the containers vs. earth bottom, pests, and climatic pond water. In some cases water is being drawn from conditions. Slides were used to demonstrate the the pond using pumps positioned in the commercial circumstances and methods used at their Ft. skimmer boxes now popular in the USA. Lauderdale nursery. It was emphasized that these methods are utilized because of the need to produce Unlike ponds in Europe, the ponds in Texas are not a very large quantity of plants with minimum labor built with internal shelves for marginal plants but requirements. Numerous questions were answered, drop directly to the base (around 18” – 24”). especially in the first of the two sessions. Marginal pots are then raised individually off the base if required. The lack of shelves makes the destructive Growing tanks, 100' x 6', are made from cement work of racoons more difficult. blocks and lined, each with a separate water supply. They are divided into separate 8' sections with 6" of In flat lowland Texas, waterfalls can look artificially soil in the bottom and all have water flowing slowly high. However, by planting behind the area through them. They can each hold 800-1200 with tall vegetation and dramatic palms, an element waterlilies in production. For portions of the year the of height is introduced. This gives a more realistic tanks are covered with a 30% shade cloth to keep effect as well as providing an attractive backdrop. out insects and as protection from birds that carry ------(or introduce) unwanted things from tank to tank.

PROPAGATION All types of propagation were covered, with the viviparous method generating the most discussion and questions. To propagate vivips the petioles are cut close to the pads, leaving a pad with very little petiole remaining. The pads are floated in partially shaded tanks. Floating them right-side up results in plants that are much nicer looking and less spread out, important for mass production of waterlilies that will be shipped. After they have developed a little, they are planted. Some varieties (i.e. 'Hillary', 'Madame An attractive raised display of plants at Green & Hagstom Ganna Walska') are not propagated viviparously because they make multiple-headed plantlets, an

Page 10 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 undesirable characteristic when producing mass IDENTIFICATION OF ALGAE quantities at the wholesale level. AND THE PROCESSES THAT CONTROL THEIR GROWTH production is used for some varieties when the Algae are entirely natural and their appearance in resulting offspring is almost identical to the parents. ponds does not necessarily mean that anything wrong They've found that broadcast germinate and has been done. However, it is interesting to see how grow better than sown seed. To be sure that their some ponds grow lots of algae whilst others are night-bloomers remain true to variety, all buds and virtually free of it. Algae provides good food for a flowers are cut off every few days to prevent them number of organisms in the pond and this is why they from going to seed and self-propagating. are deliberately cultured for use in aquacultural feeds.

Forcing waterlilies to form tubers by using smaller Algae fall into many different categories: pots was described, along with their harvesting and planting. Tubers are stored in moist silica sand after a EUKARYOTIC ALGAE treatment. Cold temperatures are not There are over 45,000 species of the eukaryotic necessary for successful storage. After some testing, algae [those with nuclei in their cells] and these are FAN has found that water temperature is more autotrophic [able to live on simple inorganic important than daylight length for growth of tropicals materials] and photosynthetic [gaining the energy during the colder months. required to make their food, from sunlight]. The

pigments used to undertake photosynthesis include SOILS & FERTILIZATION chlorophyll. FAN's planting media of choice is local soil stripped as a result of the Everglades development. It may These types of algae can be microscopic, or even be re-used for multiple seasons if not filamentous, free floating or fixed onto surfaces. In contaminated. Extensive tests were done on various some cases they form higher plant-like growths e.g. types of fertilizers, with photos showing the results the stoneworts with their branched bristles. over a season of growth, along with control plants.

These ‘green’ algae are the most abundant and sub- CONTAINERS VS. EARTH categories include: the green and brown Euglenoids For mass production it is more efficient to use earth- with their characteristic red eyespots; the lined tanks for propagation. Later stages of the Dinoflagellates which cause red and brown tides (and waterlilies' growth takes place in 4" pots, which are can be toxic); and the brownish Diatoms with their placed singly within empty 12" containers on the pill-box shaped cell walls made from silica which pool base, to keep their growth under control. This often form gelatinous mats on rocks. also reduces tangling of roots and spaces the plants out neatly. BLUE GREEN ALGAE

[Though treated as algae they are not strictly algae at PESTS all but more closely related to bacteria; they are As a precaution, everything in the nursery is sprayed often known as Cyanobacteria and are prokaryotic with ‘Dipel’ [Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki] once (no defined nuclei) unlike eukaryotic green algae] each week. Other problems are weeds, which are often brought in by birds; Colombian ramshorn snails Many of these blue-green algae are long strand - controlled with copper sulfate; and fungus, which is forming organisms that can cope in lower light levels. treated with ‘Heritage’ [Azoxystrobin] fungicide. The strands are often slimy to the touch. They are

common in polluted waters and waters high in [Further Reading – See the article by Evan Williams, nutrients. In water supplies, they can create taste and ‘Production Procedures for Tropical Waterlily other problems, and some types are toxic. Tubers’, Water Garden Journal 15:4 p.36-39 for coverage of this topic from an Australian viewpoint] PLANKTONIC ALGAE ------This describes all the types of algae that float in the Following an impressive lunch in Opryland, Kelly water rather than attach to surfaces. Most are Rusch, Director of the Institute for Ecological microscopic (< 25 microns) and can bloom and die Infrastructure Engineering at Louisiana State back within a short space of time. Most are affected University spoke on the.... The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 11 by water currents. Some have flagella and can move Although algae have a high demand for materials like by themselves, some have the ability to alter their oxygen and hydrogen, these are plentifully available buoyancy. Their aim is to get to where the water is in pools. Those nutrients where demand often well lit, and though described as free floating, many exceeds supply include carbon, silicon, calcium, will actually settle out in still water. potassium, sulphur and magnesium. However, the two most limiting nutrients tend to be available FILAMENTOUS ALGAE nitrogen [from e.g. nitrates] and in particular These form the ‘blanketweeds’ and hair algae, with phosphorus. strands of typically 100-125 microns across [100 microns = 0.1 mm = 4 thousandths of an ALGAE A PROBLEM? inch]. Some of these form bubbly mats that can float Algae are a natural part of the succession of life in a up from the pool base in sunlight. This is partly due pond as it becomes established. They are not the to photosynthesis in the algae releasing bubbles of problem by themselves, but a symptom of increased oxygen, and partly due to trapped bubbles of carbon in the pond. Very nutrient poor waters dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulphide released are known as oligotrophic and might have less than from decomposing sediments on the pool base. 20 micrograms/litre (μg/l) of phosphorus Spraying these mats with a hose dislodges the bubb- compounds. In these conditions algae do not grow les, encouraging the mats to sink, albeit temporarily. well. Most ponds are eutrophic. They have water with many more nutrients and phosphorus levels WHAT MAKES THEM GROW? typically in the range of 20-100 μg/l. In a given pond, one or other type (Planktonic or Filamentous) will grow, usually exclusively at any one Strong algae growth can be a problem in sunlight time. To grow they need: where the oxygen produced by them can raise - Light (from the sun) dissolved oxygen to unusually high levels e.g. from - Carbon Dioxide (diffused from the air and as a typical 9 mg/l to 20 or 30 mg/l. These waste product from other organisms respiring) ‘supersaturated’ oxygen levels are a problem for fish. - Nutrients (e.g. from decomposing wastes) Likewise, if all the algae dies suddenly [e.g. following algicide use], the oxygen levels can crash [with no It is virtually impossible to control the level of light or oxygen produced from algae photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide in a lake, but the nutrient levels can oxygen used up as the algae decay]. be manipulated. The nutrients needed in greater quantities include nitrogen and phosphorus (plus CONTROL METHODS silicon for diatoms). Free floating algae will grow less well in water tinted by natural tannic acids. [The acidity also has an Photosynthesis is usually restricted to the regions with effect.] Adding dyes to the water imitates this tinting the highest light levels, but can take place at only 1% effect, by reducing light penetration. UV light of of water-surface light levels. While photosynthesis sufficient strength can control planktonic algae by takes place, oxygen is released into the water, damaging the genetic material in their cells. reaching a peak in the early afternoon. Oxygen is also used by the algae [and carbon dioxide released] Straw has an algicidal effect, and copper compounds through the process of respiration throughout the 24 inhibit photosynthesis and alter nitrogen metabolism. hour day. The combined effect is for dissolved Treating water with ozone [whilst outside the pool] oxygen levels to rise during the day and fall at night. causes cell wall disintegration and oxidises dead cells, Pool pH levels are also affected. [pH rises on sunny but it has to be deactivated before the water is days as algae remove carbon dioxide from the water.] returned to the pool to avoid major side effects. Grazing fish such as the tropical Plecostomus can Apart from nutrient and carbon dioxide levels, other browse surface growing algae. factors affecting algae growth include the water ------temperature; the availability of light; the length of time the algae are actually exposed to the light; and Next was Don Bryne of Suwannee Laboratories. Don the consumption of the algae by has come across many unusual plants on his travels, [floating animals e.g. Daphnia] in the water. and his company sells to the trade. He spoke on the hot topic of.... Page 12 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001

INVASIVE AQUATIC PLANTS USA]. Certain plants are saleable within states but Don’s first example was Hydrilla which is becoming aren’t to cross state lines. Confusion over naming increasingly difficult to control. Although this doesn’t help either. Salvinia is often mislabelled. waterweed does not produce seed, its turions aid its Salvinia molesta (S. auriculata – S. molesta complex) spread and it is a very adaptable plant. is more cold tolerant; this plant is originally from South America. Salvinia oblangifolia is from Brazil the water hyacinth was brought and more cold sensitive, and is not in the S. to the USA in 1884 by a ships captain and even won auriculata complex of plants. Although this is not on a prize at a New Orleans show. It was the Federal list, the authorities would prefer it not to also listed on plantsman Sturtevants’s lists in the be sold. 1870s under the Pontederia name. Although the hyacinth doesn’t produce seed in Florida, it has Don finished his presentation by handing out a copy seeded in California and Oregon. of the USDA Federal Noxious Weed List and the Regulated Noxious Weeds State List [with over one Eichhornia azurea roots and spreads over the water hundred aquatic and bog plants listed]. surface like a vine. It produces seed and is already a problem in Costa Rica. Don considers this to be a These lists can be found on the internet, though they bigger potential problem than the hyacinth. are not always completely up to date: www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/permits/noxiousweed_list.html Alternanthera philoxeroides the alligator weed is www.aphis.usda.gov/npb/statenw.html something of a pest, but control is being attempted [Kelly Billing of Maryland Aquatic Nurseries has with a beetle. [Walter Pagels notes that three species compiled an updated list for Pondkeeper magazine: of insect from Argentina have been introduced to the www.pondkeeper.com ] United States - the alligator-weed beetle (Agasicles ------hygrophilla) in 1964, Amynothrips andersoni in Our final presentation was by John Wilkes of the 1967, and the alligator-weed stem-borer (Vogtia Flow Design Research Institute based at Emerson magtia) in 1984]. Trapa natans the water chestnut is College in Sussex, England. John has designed the running out of control in lakes in the Northern USA. intriguing cascade units called ‘Flowforms’.

In the USA the legal liability for shipping those plants FLOWFORMS listed as illegal, lies with the person ordering the These sculpted units, including the sevenfold cascade, plants and not the shipper. Don’t order prohibited use a combination of large shallow channels and plants! If you are bringing in unusual plants, take narrow deeper channels to create oscillatory patterns precautions to ensure that it isn’t noxious weed. within the water . They have been developed Keeping new plants in a controllable environment from earlier studies carried out in Germany. helps; ensure that seed can’t spread and prevent birds Flowform units are now in use in over thirty from distributing plants. Keep an eye open for countries, and not only for aesthetic purposes. They unwanted pests coming in with any plant. This usually are being used for their oxygenating benefits in water means cleaning off all the soil. purification and for their therapeutic benefits in improving humidity and air quality. It is possible to bring up to 12 plants into the USA without a permit if they are clean, declared, labelled, During the presentation John Wilkes discussed the and not on any CITES listing. [CITES = Convention natural water cycle and the importance of water in on the International Trade in Endangered Species of linking human society to its environment. He Fauna and Flora]. It helps to keep on good terms considered the asymmetrical harmonic and with local Federal Agents and county extension rhythmical movements in water vortices to have agents so if problems turn up they already know you benefits beyond their visible attractiveness and went and understand your business. on to discuss possible links with homeopathic memory theories of water. John demonstrated (with Various trade groups are working with legislators to videos and slides) some of the flow patterns in water try and get sensible listings on the numerous by using coloured streams of ink in clear water, and prohibited plant lists being produced by different by drawing a brush through a thin layer of states and on the Federal list [for the whole of the Lycopodium powder on the surface film of water.

The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 13

HALL OF FAME AWARDS 2001 opened up many contacts for the Society. Her The main section of the symposium drew to a close activities have brought new lotus and waterlilies to with the Hall of Fame Banquet. The winners of the the West from Thailand – ‘Star of Siam’, ‘Queen of IWGS competition for new waterlilies were Siam’, ‘Jongkolnee’, ‘Larp Prasert’ and this year the announced (see journal 17:1), and the awards made. ‘White Colorata’. Already one of these lilies has aided the hybridisation of new waterlilies, such as There were two inductees to the Hall of Fame. ‘The Star of Zanzibar’, last years award winner from Anita Nelson introduced the first award, made in Rich Sacher. person to Kenneth Landon (a photo of Ken appears on page 15 of this journal). Betsy has also ‘found’ lost lilies such as ‘Rio Rita’ and ‘Christine Lingg’ in places like Japan, and ensured Ken, of San Angelo, Texas, has had a long interest in that new plants from the West have in turn been sent waterlilies including a particular interest in species to Japan and Bangkok. Betsy has greatly encouraged varieties. He assisted Dr. Bill Turner at the University the development of water gardening in Hawaii, of Texas in obtaining some rare Nymphaea no longer including the first public water garden display at the found in their native habitat. He also located, Ala Moana Center, and has donated plants including retrieved and researched Nymphaea ampla var. Victoria to numerous public gardens. polysepala and N. flavovirens [N. gracilis] in Mexico, and has written papers on the genus She has generously given her time and talents to the Nymphaea which have been published in Phytologia. Society, often behind the scenes, but also in visible ways, such as coordinating the popular and successful Ken grows many of these rare species lilies at his silent auctions held at symposia which have raised home and displays them in the IWGS Certified valuable funds as well as disseminating rare books, Collection which he established at Civic League Park collectables and plants. Most of all, her dedication to in San Angelo Texas. He maintains this collection and water gardening, the society, and the promotion of also guides high school students who work on it. Ken the exchange of knowledge and plants is a shining has shared this rare genetic material with other example of generous service to others. hybridizers and members of the IWGS. He has also had success in hybridisation himself with the AWARDS OF APPRECIATION introduction of Nymphaea ‘Texas Dawn’, ‘Ineta Three awards were presented: Ruth’, ‘Rhonda Kay’ and ‘Jennifer Rebecca’. - to Charles Covington, (pictured left) for his Rich Sacher made the second award to Betsy Sakata. much valued work in the Executive Director’s role, helping in the Society’s administration, and assisting in many behind the scenes activities. - to Cyndie Thomas (not present) for the large amount of work she has done in designing the IWGS website, and putting the information onto the web. - and to Nancy and Trey Styler (pictured right) for the work they have L to R – Rich Sacher, Betsy Sakata, Brad McLane undertaken with the Victoria Conservancy, Betsy, from Kailua, Hawaii, has been a long-term which has made member of the IWGS board and plays an invaluable enormous strides role on the journal editorial committee, assisting the forward in making editor and soliciting articles. She has also travelled seeds and information available to extensively and guided others in their travels, Victoria growers around the world. especially to Japan and Eastern Asia where she has Page 14 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001

IWGS COMMERCIAL MEMBERS Our commercial members represent the finest retail and wholesale sources of waterlilies and companion products. You owe it to yourself, and your water garden, to become familiar with them. Commercial members complete details - full address; telephone/fax; web details; and the key to products and services - are included in our annual pull out supplement to the journal (last supplied with the Summer 2000 issue). Thanks to our web designer Cyndie Thomas these details should also be available on the society’s web site at www.iwgs.org/iwgsinfo/commercil.html

Commercial members major details are noted below. If any changes are necessary, please mail the details to our administrative office: IWGS, Suite 328-G12, 1401 Johnson Ferry Road, Marietta, GA 30062-8115, U.S.A.; or fax them on (1) 770-517-5746; or Email them to [email protected] with a copy to the journal editor at [email protected]

The categories shown relate to the commercial member’s contributions to the Society. Higher categories support the Society with increased membership dues which benefit us all.

Member Name Contact Person City/County/State Country Phone Category

A Fleur D'Eau Danielle Biloden Stanbridge E., Quebec CANADA 450-248-7008 Silver Affordable Ponds & Gardens Cindy McCord New Richmond OH USA 513-553-9000 Bronze American Aquatic Gardens Rich Sacher New Orleans LA USA 504-944-0410 Gold Aquaflora Vinkeveen bv Frank Riechelman Vinkeveen NETHERLANDS 31-297-286709 Aquapic Solutions James Allison Cheltenham, Glos. UK 44-1242-244636 Bronze Aqua Productions SPRL Bruno Jurdant Limal BELGIUM 32-10-411256 Silver Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc James Layton Chalfont PA USA 215-822-8181 Silver Aquascape Designs, Inc Carolyn Zant & Greg Wittstock Batavia IL USA 630-326-1700 Platinum Aquatic Resources Karen Norman-Boudreau Sebastopol CA USA 707-829-1194 Silver Aquatics & Exotics Donna & Thomas Kiehl Largo FL USA 727-397-5532 Bronze Arizona Water Gardens David & Terressa Leonard Casa Grande AZ USA 520-836-9017 Bronze ATM Management, Inc. Trish M. Matthews Hebron NH USA 603-744-5630 Bronze Beaver Water Plant and Fish Farm Ltd. Jeff Wheeler Lingfield, Surrey UK 44-1342-833144 Platinum Bee Fork Water Gardens Craig Williamson Brentwood MO USA 314-962-1583 Bittersweet Hill Nurseries Hildreth Morton Davidsonville MD USA 410-798-0231 Silver Blue Ribbon Koi Products Robert Bianchi Fairfax VA USA 703-222-0258 Bronze Burns Water Gardens Bob & Rowena Burns Baltimore, Ontario CANADA 905-372-2737 Bronze Charleston Aquatic Nurseries Brian Schuck & Stuart Schuck John's Island SC USA 843-559-3151 Gold Creative Waterscapes, Inc. T. Derk Hebdon Plant City FL USA 813-737-9005 Silver Crystal Palace Perennials C. Greg Speichert Cedar Lake IN USA 219-374-9419 Bronze Dietter’s Water Gardens Rob Dietter Branford CT 06405 USA 203-214-9904 Bronze Fiber Tech/Createk Norm Cloutier Southbridge MA USA 508-764-7501 Silver Florida Aquatic Nursery, Inc. Brad McLane & Bruce McLane Fort Lauderdale FL USA 954-472-5120 Gold Fourth Generation Nursery & Sales Co. Rip & Ginger Sokol Mendon MA USA 508-634-1914 Gold Goose Neck Water Gardens Bob Harsch Milldale CT USA 860-628-5888 Silver Green & Hagstrom, Inc. Jack Green & Cathy Green Fairview TN USA 615-799-0708 Gold Green Vista Water Gardens Stephen C. Blessing Enon OH USA 937-864-7681 Silver Growing Place Nursery & Flower Farm Rich & Carol Messat Naperville IL USA 630-355-4000 Bronze Hazorea Water Lilies Danny Benjamin Kibbutz Hazorea ISRAEL 972-4-9899-289 Silver Hill's Watergardens John Hill & Barbara Hill Perrysville OH USA 419-938-6230 Bronze Hoffman & Landscape Service, Inc. Bill Hoffman Uniontown OH USA 330-896-9811 Silver City Gardens Greg McCullough Nashville TN USA 615-386-3778 Bronze Koi Gardens Jeff & Cindy Dearing Spokane WA USA 509-466-6640 Bronze Laguna Water Gardening Steve Rook Mansfield MA USA 508-339-9531 Platinum LaRue Marketing Consultants Robert LaRue Pompano Beach FL USA 954-784-6816 Bronze The Lily Pond, Inc. Larry & Sylvia Devisme Phoenix AZ USA 602-273-1805 Bronze Lilyblooms Aquatic Gardens Bob Larson & Curt Larson North Canton OH USA 330-499-6898 Silver Lilypons Water Gardens Richard Koogle Buckeystown MD USA 800-999-5459 Platinum Maryland Aquatic Nurseries Kelly, Arlene, Sue, Dick Jarrettsville MD USA 410-557-7615 Platinum Masterson's Garden Center, Inc. Michael Masterson E. Aurora NY USA 716-655-0133 Silver Matterhorn Nursery, Inc. Matt Horn Valley NY USA 914-354-5986 Bronze McDonalds Aquatic Nursery Randy McDonald Reseda CA USA 818-345-7525 Silver Montville Water Gardens Peter Carmichael Mapleton, Queensland AUSTRALIA 617-5445-7548 Bronze Moore Water Gardens Farley and Susan See Port Stanley, Ontario CANADA 519-782-4052 Nelson Water Gardens & Nursery, Inc. Rolf & Anita Nelson Katy TX USA 281-391-4769 Gold The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001 Page 15

New Zealand Water Lily Gardens Paul and Margaret Hilton Waihi, RD2 NEW ZEALAND 07-863-8267 Bronze Northern Peggy Jivery Hibbing MN USA 218-263-9739 Bronze Opal Horticulture Co., Ltd. Suwanna and Rainer Gaide Bangkok THAILAND 662-426-2591 Bronze Oriental Aquarium (S) PTE Ltd. Eu It Hai Singapore R. O. SINGAPORE 65-793-7566 Silver Paradise Water Gardens Paul W. Stetson, Sr. Whitman MA USA 781-447-4711 Gold Garden Ponds Joe & Louise Villemarette Moore OK USA 405-793-9669 Silver Perennials Etc. Steven & Susan Davisson Garfield AR USA 501-359-3412 Bronze Plantabbs Products W. Wayne Davis, Jr. Hunt Valley MD USA 410-771-1996 Silver Pond & Bog Flora John B. Florance Issaquah WA USA 425-391-3826 Bronze Pontasia J.B. & Linda Philips Austin TX USA 512-258-7817 Bronze Reimer Waterscapes Henry & Carole Reimer Tillsonburg, Ontario CANADA 519-842-6049 Silver Roadhouse Nursery Jan & George Bahr Poulsbo WA USA 360-779-9589 Bronze Rock Valley & Garden Center, Inc. Rockford IL USA 815-398-9419 Bronze S. Scherer & Sons Water Gardens Robert Scherer & A.Variano Northport NY USA 516-261-7432 Gold Scenic Harbor Nursery Mary E. Paulson Hoquiam WA USA 360-532-0602 Bronze Shady Lakes Waterlily Gardens Jan Phillips Alameda NM USA 505-898-2568 Silver Skaha Water Gardens Michael d'Estimauville British Columbia CANADA 250-497-5658 Bronze Springdale Water Gardens Inc. Keith & Tish Folsom Greenville VA USA 540-337-4507 Gold Stewarts & Flower Shop Tom & Vicki Edwards Ontario CANADA 519-969-0420 Silver Strawn Water Gardens LLC Kirk and Charlene Strawn College Station TX USA 409-696-6644 Silver Sunrise Aquatics Brent Bivona Macedon NY USA 716-223-0730 Bronze T.G.A. Enterprises Thomas G. Arns Kirkwood MO USA 314-966-5415 Bronze T.H.F. Ornamentals Ruth Ann Schultze Poteet TX USA 830-742-4148 Bronze Tetra Pond Randy Hegstad Blacksburg VA USA 540-951-5492 Platinum Tilley's Nursery, Inc./The Waterworks Tom & Rick Tilley Coopersburg PA USA 610-282-4784 Silver Valley View Farms John (Punkey) Foard III & T.McQuaid Cockeysville MD USA 410-527-0700 Gold Wallis Creek Watergarden Nola Fenech Mulbring, NSW AUSTRALIA 02-49380230 Bronze Water and Garden Creations Frank & Cardie Schwartz Raleigh NC USA 919-662-7677 Water & Landscape Designs, Inc. Jim Helems Southampton MA USA 413-529-0101 Bronze The Water Garden Randall Tate Chattanooga TN USA 423-870-2838 Silver Water Garden Gems, Inc. Burt & Sally Nichols Marion TX USA 210-659-5841 Gold Water Garden World David Ward Orlando FL USA 407-856-1219 Bronze Waterford Gardens John A. Meeks Saddle River NJ USA 201-327-0721 Gold Water Romance William Wedin New York NY USA 212-873-2712 Bronze Water's Edge Deb Spencer & Susan Davis Lawrence KS USA 785-841-6777 Platinum Wayside Aquatics James Knock Brentwood, Essex UK 44-1277-823603 Bronze Wiegand Nursery, Inc. Marvin Wiegand & Diane Scherer Macomb MI USA 810-286-3658 Bronze Windy Oaks Aquatics Marilyn Buscher Eagle WI USA 262-594-3033 Woodland Gardens, Inc. Mark Zimmerman & T.Woodruff Athens GA USA 706-742-7393 Bronze

This picture was taken during the IWGS 2001 symposium and shows a number of respected IWGS members.

(from left to right) Perry D. Slocum – waterlily and lotus hybridiser. Paul Stetson – of Paradise Water Gardens. Charles Thomas – of Lilypons Water Gardens. Ken Landon – waterlily hybridiser and recipient of an IWGS Hall of Fame Award during the symposium. Kirk Strawn (seated) – waterlily hybridiser.

Page 16 The Water Garden Journal, Summer 2001

THE WATER GARDEN JOURNAL Coming up in the next Journal Issue Volume 17 Number 2 Summer 2001 More from the Nashville Symposium EDITOR JAMES ALLISON ASSISTANT EDITOR BETSY SAKATA and Post Symposium: EDITORIAL BOARD BARRE HELLQUIST Water Garden History WALTER PAGELS Expanding Water Gardens TREY AND NANCY STYLER DISTRIBUTION CHARLES COVINGTON Garden Photography The Official Publication of the Water Quality INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND - WATER GARDENING SOCIETY plus

PRESIDENT – outgoing ROWENA BURNS Barley Straw Revisited PRESIDENT – incoming BRAD McLANE Invasive Plants VICE PRESIDENT – incoming WAYNE DAVIS and more TREASURER HILDRETH MORTON SECRETARY W.F.(TREY) STYLER EXEC. ADMINISTRATOR CHARLES COVINGTON A BOARD OF DIRECTORS Dragonfly James Allison, Paula Biles, Rowena Burns, Wayne Davis, John sculpture in (Punkey) Foard, Cathy Green‡, Marion Haufe‡, Barre Hellquist, a pond at Tim Jennings, Brad McLane, Hildreth Morton, Rolf Nelson*, Cheekwood Walter Pagels*, Jim Purcell‡, Betsy Sakata, Greg Speichert*, Paul gardens, Stetson*, William (Trey) Styler, Tom Tilley, Nashville, Charles Covington (ex-officio), Charles Thomas (ex-officio). Tennessee (*2000-2001/‡2001-2002)

WEB ADDRESS: www.iwgs.org

ADMINISTRATIVE ADDRESS International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society, IWGS 18th Annual Symposium Suite 328-G12, 1401 Johnson Ferry Road, Oregon, USA, 2002 Marietta, GA 30062-8115, USA

Fax 770-517-5746, Email [email protected] Plans are underway for this symposium to be held in

Oregon USA, in the summer of 2002. EDITORIAL ADDRESS Eammon Hughes and Jim Purcell are our hosts, The Water Garden Journal, 4 Dagmar Road, and the meeting should allow us to see one of the Cheltenham, Glos. GL50 2UG , UK best corners of the Pacific-Northwest USA, Voice (011 44) 1242-244608, being centred around Portland. Email [email protected]

The provisional dates are as follows: Volume 17, Number 2. The IWGS Water Garden Journal (ISSN th 1069-5982) is published quarterly by the International Waterlily Pre-Symposium: Arrive in Portland on August 11 and Water Gardening Society (The Society), Suite 328-G12, for a tour from 12th – 14th linking up with the main 1401 Johnson Ferry Road, Marietta, GA 30062-8115, U.S.A. symposium on the evening of the 14th. Fax 770-517-5746 / Email [email protected] All rights reserved. © 2001. Bulk rate postage paid at Marietta, Main Symposium: Arrive in Portland on the 14th for GA, USA and additional mailing offices. Basic subscription/ th membership rate for one full year is $30. Further details and back the main symposium which runs until the 18 . issues are available from the administrative office in GA. All changes of address and incidents of non-arrival of journals should The Symposium is planned so that those who wish to be notified to the office in GA. Opinions expressed by authors stay on afterwards can attend the ‘Pondapalooza’ and any products reviewed are not specifically endorsed by The trade event which runs in Portland from the 19th – Society, nor does The Society accept any liability arising from the nd contents of this journal. 22 August.

Cover Picture: The Gomez Garden at Fazenda Vargem Grande Further details will follow as soon as they are (Picture Rolfe Smith/Longwood Gardens with thanks to Patt Nutt) available. see the article on The Gardens of Roberto Burle Marx - page 6