DOCSLIB.ORG

Regional Classifications Used in This Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regional Classifications Used in This Report Regional classifications used in this report The table below allows interested readers to quickly check according to regional classifications defined and followed the regional classification of any country with respect to by the two organizations. Those classifications do not cor- the data appearing in any part of the SE4ALL Global Track- respond with those of the United Nations, either in name ing Framework (GTF). Following the country table are four or in scope. Because the IEA and IIASA outputs studied in short tables presenting the four regional classifications section 4 for chapters 2–4 are available only in regionally found in this volume. aggregated form, the GTF could not convert them into the UN-MDG classification. For that reason, they are presented The GTF analyzes data on countries and regions. Those according to the original regional classifications used by data are obtained from a variety of sources. When aggre- the IEA and IIASA. gating data and reporting the results of its analyses, SE4ALL has followed, wherever possible, the regional classification Sections 1–3 of chapter 2 deviate slightly from the same devised by the United Nations for tracking progress on the sections of chapters 3 and 4 in that they use the designa- Millennium Development Goals (http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/ tion “developed countries” to refer to all countries whose mdg/host.aspx?content=data/regionalgroupings).That populations are assumed to have 100 percent access to rule holds for the first three sections of chapters 2–4 of electricity and modern cooking fuels, so that these coun- this report. The fourth section of those chapters, however, tries are not included in the aggregates for their respective relies on data and analysis from the International Energy geographical regions. Chapters 3 and 4, break the devel- Agency (IEA) and the International Institute for Applied oped countries down by region. Systems Analysis (IIASA), whose outputs are aggregated Regional classifications used in chapters 2–4 of SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework, by country Region Section 4 Country International Institute for Sections 1–3 International Energy Applied Systems Analysis, Agency, World Energy Global Energy Outlook 2012 Assessment 2012 Afghanistan Southern Asia Developing Asia South Asia Chapter 2: Developed Albania Eastern Europe / Eurasia Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Middle East and North Algeria Northern Africa Africa Africa Chapter 2: Oceania American Samoa n.a. Other Pacific Asia Chapters 3-4: n.a. Chapter 2: Developed Andorra Western Europe Chapters 3-4: n.a. Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Antigua and Barbuda Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Latin America and the Argentina Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Armenia Caucasus and Central Asia Eastern Europe / Eurasia Former Soviet Union Regional classifications used in this report 21 Region Section 4 Country International Institute for Sections 1–3 International Energy Applied Systems Analysis, Agency, World Energy Global Energy Outlook 2012 Assessment 2012 Chapter 2: Latin America and Aruba Caribbean South America n.a. Chapters 3-4: n.a. Chapter 2: Developed Australia Asia Oceania Pacific OECD Chapters 3-4: Oceania Chapter 2: Developed Austria Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Azerbaijan Caucasus and Central Asia Eastern Europe / Eurasia Former Soviet Union Latin America and the Bahamas Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Middle East and North Bahrain Western Asia Middle East Africa Bangladesh Southern Asia Developing Asia South Asia Latin America and the Barbados Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Chapter 2: Developed Belarus Eastern Europe / Eurasia Former Soviet Union Chapters 3-4: Eastern Europe Chapter 2: Developed Belgium Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Latin America and the Belize Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Developed Latin America and the Bermuda South America Chapters 3-4: n.a. Caribbean Bhutan Southern Asia Developing Asia South Asia Bolivia, Plurinational State Latin America and the Latin America and Caribbean South America of Caribbean Chapter 2: Developed Bosnia and Herzegovina Eastern Europe / Eurasia Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Brazil Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Brunei Darussalam Southeastern Asia Developing Asia Other Pacific Asia Chapter 2: Developed Bulgaria Eastern Europe / Eurasia Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Eastern Europe Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Centrally planned Asia and Cambodia Southeastern Asia Developing Asia China Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 22 Global tracking framework Region Section 4 Country International Institute for Sections 1–3 International Energy Applied Systems Analysis, Agency, World Energy Global Energy Outlook 2012 Assessment 2012 Chapter 2: Developed Canada North America North America Chapters 3-4: North America Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Latin America and Cayman Islands Caribbean South America n.a. Chapters 3-4: n.a. Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chad Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Developed Channel Islands Western Europe Chapters 3-4: n.a. Latin America and the Chile Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Centrally planned Asia and China Eastern Asia Developing Asia China Centrally planned Asia and China, Hong Kong SAR Eastern Asia n.a. China China, Macau SAR Eastern Asia Developing Asia Latin America and the Colombia Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Congo Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Democratic Repub- Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa lic of Latin America and the Costa Rica Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Cote d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Developed Croatia Eastern Europe / Eurasia Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Chapter 2: Latin America and Latin America and the Cuba Caribbean South America Caribbean Chapters 3-4: n.a. Chapter 2: Latin America and Curaçao Caribbean n.a. n.a. Chapters 3-4: n.a. Chapter 2: Developed Cyprus Eastern Europe / Eurasia Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Western Asia Chapter 2: Developed Czech Republic Europe Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Eastern Europe Chapter 2: Developed Denmark Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Regional classifications used in this report 23 Region Section 4 Country International Institute for Sections 1–3 International Energy Applied Systems Analysis, Agency, World Energy Global Energy Outlook 2012 Assessment 2012 Djibouti Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Dominica Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Latin America and the Dominican Republic Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Latin America and the Ecuador Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Middle East and North Egypt Northern Africa Africa Africa Latin America and the El Salvador Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Developed Estonia Europe Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Developed Faeroe Islands n.a. Western Europe Chapters 3-4: n.a. Fiji Oceania Developing Asia Other Pacific Asia Chapter 2: Developed Finland Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Chapter 2: Developed France Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Chapter 2: Oceania French Polynesia Developing Asia Other Pacific Asia Chapters 3-4: n.a. Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Gambia Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Georgia Caucasus and Central Asia Eastern Europe / Eurasia Former Soviet Union Chapter 2: Developed Germany Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 2: Developed Greece Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe Chapter 2: Developed Greenland n.a. Western Europe Chapters 3-4: n.a. Latin America and the Grenada Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Chapter 2: Oceania Guam n.a. n.a. Chapters 3-4: n.a. Latin America and the Guatemala Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean 24 Global tracking framework Region Section 4 Country International Institute for Sections 1–3 International Energy Applied Systems Analysis, Agency, World Energy Global Energy Outlook 2012 Assessment 2012 Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Guyana Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Latin America and the Haiti Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Latin America and the Honduras Latin America and Caribbean South America Caribbean Chapter 2: Developed Hungary Europe Central and Eastern Europe Chapters 3-4: Eastern Europe Chapter 2: Developed Iceland Europe Western Europe Chapters 3-4: Europe India Southern Asia Developing Asia South Asia Indonesia Southeastern Asia Developing Asia Other Pacific Asia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Northern Africa Western Asia Fact Sheet MA
    Arab States and Northern Africa fact sheet – 2020 GEM Report Please note that this factsheet only contains some of the mentions from the region. The full Report and all regional mentions can be found here: Bit.ly/2020gemreport Embargo : 23 June Headline statistic: 20% of countries in the region did not target the marginalised in their education response to Covid-19 Persistent exclusion • 17 million children and youth are entirely excluded from education in the region, with poverty the main constraint to access. • The stateless bidoon in the Gulf countries have difficulty gaining access to education • Pre-primary: Djibouti has the world’s lowest early childhood education participation rate. Morocco lacks a public pre-primary education system; the share of private institutions, mostly attached to mosques, in total enrolment was 87% in 2018, and enrolment levels have stagnated over the past two decades. • Refugees are taught in parallel education systems. Sahrawi refugees in Algeria have a separate education system and curriculum. Malian refugees in refugee camps in Mauritania still follow the Malian curriculum • Exclusion can happen inside school walls as well: In Yemen, children of the Muhamasheen, a historically marginalized social group associated with garbage collection, face persistent discrimination, abuse by teachers and bullying by peers • Over 30% of children feel like outsiders in school in Jordan and Qatar • 57% of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth felt unsafe in school Inequitable foundations: Alongside today’s new Report, the GEM Report has launched a new website, PEER, with descriptions of laws and policies on inclusion in education for every country in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Europe Source: Globocan 2020
    Western Europe Source: Globocan 2020 Number of new cases in 2020, both sexes, all ages Geography Prostate 170 032 (11.9%) Breast 169 016 (11.9%) Other cancers Lung 729 099 (51.2%) 146 460 (10.3%) Colorectum 141 644 (9.9%) Bladder 68 143 (4.8%) Total: 1 424 394 Number of new cases in 2020, males, all ages Numbers at a glance Total population Prostate 170 032 (21.8%) 196146321 Other cancers 357 428 (45.8%) Number of new cases Lung 89 646 (11.5%) Colorectum 77 052 (9.9%) 1424394 Number of deaths Melanoma of skin Bladder 34 745 (4.5%) 51 854 (6.6%) Total: 780 757 559671 Number of new cases in 2020, females, all ages Number of prevalent cases (5-year) Breast 169 016 (26.3%) 4825206 Other cancers Data source and methods 293 891 (45.7%) Colorectum 64 592 (10%) Incidence Lung Population weighted average of the rates of the region- 56 814 (8.8%) specific countries included in GLOBOCAN 2020. Mortality Corpus uteri Melanoma of skin 28 901 (4.5%) 30 423 (4.7%) Population weighted average of the rates of the region- specific countries included in GLOBOCAN 2020. Total: 643 637 Prevalence Summary statistic 2020 Sum of region-specific prevalent cases. Males Females Both sexes Populations included Population 96 374 578 99 771 743 196 146 321 Number of new cancer cases 780 757 643 637 1 424 394 Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein*, Age-standardized incidence rate (World) 365.3 294.3 325.0 Luxembourg, Monaco*, Switzerland, The Netherlands Risk of developing cancer before the age of 75 years (%) 34.9 27.9 31.2 Number of cancer deaths 310 542
    [Show full text]
  • Common Misconceptions and Stereotypes About the Middle East
    Common Misconceptions and Stereotypes about the Middle East The Middle East does not have clear-cut boundaries. There are cross-cultural connections that stretch from North Africa through Western Asia into Central Asia. The most basic map of the Middle The Middle East is a clearly defined East includes Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, the Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi place. Arabia, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. People in the Middle East live as nomads. Very few people in the Middle East live as nomads. The Middle East is quite urbanized and has some of the oldest cities in the world. There is nothing but desert and oil in 60% of the region’s population lives in major cities such as the Middle East. Damascus, Istanbul and Cairo. Ancient Middle Eastern kingdoms such as Sumer, Babylon and Egypt were all cradles for western The Middle East and the Islamic World civilization. are the same. Everyone in the Middle East speaks There is more than desert and oil in the Middle East. The geography of the Middle East is diverse and includes everything from fertile Arabic. river deltas and forests, to mountain ranges and arid plateaus. Some Everyone in the Middle East is Muslim. countries in the Middle East are oil rich, while others have little or no All Arabs are Muslim. oil reserves. Violence in the Middle East is The Middle East and the Islamic World are not the same. While inevitable. Islam first developed in the Arabian Peninsula and Arabic is its Everyone in the Middle East hates the liturgical language, the majority of the world’s Muslims are not Arab and live outside the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • BREAKDOWN of SUB-REGIONS Americas
    BREAKDOWN OF SUB-REGIONS Americas Atlantic Islands and Central and Canada Eastern US Latin America Southwest US Argentina Atlantic Canada Kansas City Boston Atlantic Islands British Columbia Nebraska Hartford Brazil A Canadian Prairies Oklahoma Maine Brazil B Montreal & Quebec Southwest US A New York A Central America Toronto Southwest US B New York B Chile St. Louis Philadelphia Colombia Pittsburgh Mexico Washington DC Peru Western New York Uruguay Midwest US Southeastern US Western US Chicago Florida Colorado Cleveland Greater Tennessee Desert US Indianapolis Louisville Hawaii Iowa Mid-South US Idaho Madison North Carolina Los Angeles Milwaukee Southern Classic New Mexico Minnesota Virginia Northern California Southern Ohio Orange County West Michigan Portland Salt Lake San Diego Seattle Spokane Asia Pacific Oceania Eastern Asia Southeastern Asia Southern Asia Brisbane Beijing Cambodia Bangladesh Melbourne Chengdu Indonesia India A New Zealand Hong Kong Malaysia India B Perth Japan Philippines India C Sydney Korea Singapore Nepal Mongolia Thailand Pakistan Shanghai Vietnam Sri Lanka Shenzhen A Shenzhen B Taiwan Europe, Middle East, and Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Ethiopia Bulgaria Denmark & Norway Croatia Ghana Czech Republic Finland Cyprus Kenya Hungary Ireland Greece Mauritius Kazakhstan Sweden Israel Nigeria A Poland A Istanbul Nigeria B Poland B Italy Rwanda Romania Portugal South Africa Russia A Serbia Tanzania Russia B Slovenia Uganda Slovakia Spain Zimbabwe Ukraine A Ukraine B Middle East and Western Europe North Africa Austria Bahrain Benelux Doha France Egypt Germany Emirates Switzerland Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Saudi Arabia .
    [Show full text]
  • Grade 6 Social Studies
    Grade 6 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER 5 Themes of Geography – Europe Europe st (1 week or 2) E.1 E.1 A. absolute and relative On a map of the world, locate On a map of the world, locate locations, B. climate, C. the continent of Europe. On a the continent of Europe. On a major physical characteristics, map of Europe, locate the map of Europe, locate the D. major natural resources, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, E. population size Norwegian Sea, and Barents Norwegian Sea, and Barents Sea. Locate the Volga, Sea. Locate the Volga, Europe Danube, Ural, Rhine, Elbe, Danube, Ural, Rhine, Elbe, E.1 Seine, Po, and Thames Seine, Po, and Thames On a map of the world, locate Rivers. Locate the Alps, Rivers. Locate the Alps, the continent of Europe. On a Pyrenees, and Balkan Pyrenees, and Balkan map of Europe, locate the Mountains. Locate the Mountains. Locate the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, countries in the northern, countries in the northern, Norwegian Sea, and Barents southern, central, eastern, and southern, central, eastern, and Sea. Locate the Volga, western regions of Europe. western regions of Europe. Danube, Ural, Rhine, Elbe, E.2 E.2 Seine, Po, and Thames Use a map key to locate Use a map key to locate Rivers. Locate the Alps, countries and major cities in countries and major cities in Pyrenees, and Balkan Europe. (G) Europe. (G) Mountains. Locate the E.3 E.3 countries in the northern, Explain how the following five Explain how the following five southern, central, eastern, and factors have influenced factors have influenced western regions of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Social Science
    Nashoba Regional School District HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Standards and Benchmarks Grade 7 Nashoba Regional School District History and Social Science Standards and Benchmarks, 2007-2008. Work in this document is based upon the standards outlined in the Massachusetts History and Social Science Framework, August 2003. History and Social Studies by Grade Level Grade 7 Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks (August 2003) Overarching Theme The study of world geography includes 5 majors themes: location, place, human interaction with the environment, movement, and regions. Grade Seven Focus: Foundations of Geography Concepts and Skills to be addressed: Students will be able to identify and interpret different kinds of maps, charts, graphs. They will use geographic and demographic terms correctly and use an atlas. They will understand what a nation is and the different international organizations. They will understand basic economic concepts such as supply and demand, economic systems, trade and the effect of these on the standard of living. Big Idea: A nation’s standard of living is impacted by its economic system, its government and geographical characteristics. Essential Questions: In what ways does location affect way of life? What qualities make a nation and how do nations interact? How does the economic system affect standard of living? By the end of SEVENTH Grade, students should be able to answer the Essential Questions above and apply knowledge and concepts attained to be able to: History and Geography • Use map and globe skills learned in pre-kindergarten to grade five to interpret different kinds of projections, as well as topographic, landform, political, population, and climate maps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Post-Cold War Security Dilemma in the Transcaucasus
    The Post-Cold War Security Dilemma In the Transcaucasus Garnik Nanagoulian, Fellow Weatherhead Center For International Affairs Harvard University May 2000 This paper was prepared by the author during his stay as a Fellow at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs of Harvard University. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and do not reflect those of the Armenian Government or of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs 1 Introduction With the demise of the Soviet Union, the newly emerging countries of the Transcaucasus and Caspian regions were the objects of growing interest from the major Western powers and the international business community, neither of which had had access to the region since the early nineteenth century. The world’s greatest power, the United States, has never had a presence in this region, but it is now rapidly emerging as a major player in what is becoming a new classical balance of power game. One of the main attractions of the region, which has generated unprecedented interest from the US, Western Europe, Turkey, Iran, China, Pakistan and others, is the potential of oil and gas reserves. While it was private Western interests that first brought the region into the sphere of interest of policy makers in Western capitals, commercial considerations have gradually been subordinated to political and geopolitical objectives. One of these objectives—not formally declared, but at least perceived as such in Moscow—amounts to containment of Russia: by helping these states protect their newly acquired independence (as it is perceived in Washington), the US can keep Russia from reasserting any "imperial" plans in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Exploitation at the Sea of Galilee (Israel) by Early Fisher
    FISH EXPLOITATION AT THE SEA OF GALILEE (ISRAEL) BY EARLY FISHER- HUNTER-GATHERERS (23,000 B.P.): ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMICAL AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Irit Zohar SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE OF TEL-AVIV UNIVERSITY November, 2003 FISH EXPLOITATION AT THE SEA OF GALILEE (ISRAEL) BY EARLY FISHER- HUNTER-GATHERERS (23,000 B.P.): ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMICAL AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Irit Zohar SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE OF TEL-AVIV UNIVERSITY November, 2003 This work was carried out under the supervision of Prof. Tamar Dayan and Prof. Israel Hershkovitz Copyright © 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Cultural setting 2 1.3 Environmental setting 4 1.4 Outline of research objectives 5 CHAPTER 2: FISH TAPHONOMY 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Naturally deposited fish 7 2.3 Culturally deposited fish 9 CHAPTER 3: SITE SELECTION AND FIELD TECHNIQUES 11 3.1. The archaeological site of Ohalo-II 11 3.2. Fish natural accumulation 13 3.3 Ethnographic study of fish procurement methods 14 CHAPTER 4: METHODS 18 4.1 Recovery bias 18 4.2 Sampling bias 18 4.3 Identification of fish remains 19 4.4 Fish osteological characteristics 20 4.5 Quantification analysis 20 4.5.1 Taxonomic composition and diversity 21 4.5.2 Body part frequency 22 4.5.3 Survival index (SI) 22 4.5.4 Fragmentation index 23 4.5.5 WMI of fragmentation 24 4.5.6 Fish exploitation index 24 4.5.7 Bone modification 25 4.5.8 Bone spatial distribution 26 Page 4.5.9 Analytic calculations 26 4.6 Osteological measurements 29 4.6.1 Body mass estimation 29 4.6.2 Vertebrae diameter 31 CHAPTER 5: FISH REMAINS RECOVERED AT OHALO-II 32 5.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Exchange and Direct Procurement Strategies for Natufian
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufan food processing tools of el‑Wad Terrace, Israel Danny Rosenberg1*, Tatjana M. Gluhak2, Daniel Kaufman3, Reuven Yeshurun3 & Mina Weinstein‑Evron3 We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufan (ca. 15,000– 11,700 cal. BP) basalt pestles from the site of el‑Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the frst time precise locations from where basalt raw materials were derived are provided. The results indicate that the Natufan hunter‑gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. This area is located at a considerable distance from EWT, ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufan basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufan territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know‑how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community. Te nascence of sedentism profoundly impacted human societies’ mobility patterns, requiring a host of adjust- ments. Among its immediate implications are economic intensifcation and preoccupation with production and territoriality, both within and across communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Western and Central Europe
    WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE Dividers_country profiles.indd 1 15/11/2016 15:07:26 Dividers_country profiles.indd 9 28/10/2014 11:08:38 WESTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE − Andorra − In 2015, Andorra amended the criminal code by introducing three new articles (121bis, 134bis and 157bis) covering, respectively, trafficking for the purpose of organ removal, trafficking for the purpose of forced labour, slavery and servitude, and trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. These offences refer to national and foreign victims. The previous legislation only covered trafficking of irregular migrants for the exploitation of their work. Investigations and suspects The national authorities reported that no cases of trafficking in persons in any form have been registered in Andorra during the period between 2012 and 2015. Source: Permanent Mission of Andorra to OSCE and other International Organizations in Vienna. − Austria − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Austria covers all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. The Austrian authorities use two articles of the criminal code to prosecute trafficking cases: Trafficking in Human Beings (Section 104a) and Cross-border trafficking in prostitution (Section 217). Investigations and suspects Number of cases of trafficking in persons recorded, according to the article of the criminal code used, 2012-2014 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2012 2013 2014 Recorded offences for Trafficking in Human 22 24 35 Beings (section 104a) Recorded offences for Cross-border trafficking in 48 49 29 prostitution (section 217) Source: Police Crime Statistics. Persons suspected of trafficking in human beings (section 104a), by gender, 2012-2014 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2012 2013 2014 Males suspected of trafficking in human beings 21 17 46 (section 104a) Females suspected of trafficking in human beings 10 8 15 (section 104a) Source: Police Crime Statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Happiness Gap in Eastern Europe
    The happiness gap in eastern Europe Simeon Djankov, Elena Nikolova and Jan Zilinsky Summary Citizens in eastern Europe are less satisfied with life than their peers in other countries. This happiness gap has persisted over time, despite predictions to the contrary by earlier scholars. It holds after controlling for a variety of covariates, such as the standard of living, life expectancy and Eastern Orthodox religion. Armed with a battery of surveys from the early 1990s to 2014, we argue that the happiness gap is explained by how citizens in post-communist countries perceive their governments. Eastern Europeans link their life satisfaction to higher perceived corruption and weaker government performance. Our results suggest that the transition from central planning is still incomplete, at least in the psychology of people. Keywords: happiness, corruption, eastern Europe JEL Classification: D73, I30, P35 Contact details: Elena Nikolova, One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2JN, United Kingdom Phone: +44 20 7338 7931; Fax: +44 20 7338 6110; email: [email protected]. Simeon Djankov is at the Department of Finance, London School of Economics and Political Science and Visiting Fellow at the Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics. Elena Nikolova is a Research Economist at the EBRD. Jan Zilinsky is Research Analyst at the Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics. This paper is written as part of a symposium: Ukraine: Escape from Post-Soviet Legacy? The authors would like to thank an anonymous referee, Abhijit Banerjee, Erik Berglof,¨ Andrew Clark, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Gerard´ Roland and Peter Sanfey for helpful comments. The working paper series has been produced to stimulate debate on economic transition and development.
    [Show full text]
  • The EU and the Western Balkans: So Near and Yet So Far WP S Why the Region Needs Fast-Track Socio-Economic Convergence with the EU Matteo Bonomi and Dušan Reljić
    Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Comments The EU and the Western Balkans: So Near and Yet So Far WP S Why the Region Needs Fast-Track Socio-Economic Convergence with the EU Matteo Bonomi and Dušan Reljić The European Commission will unveil its new EU Enlargement Strategy on February 6th, 2018. Since relations with Turkey have deteriorated markedly, only the Western Balkan states remain candidates for EU membership. The EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini, has stated the European Commission’s intention to ensure that the Western Balkan countries are on an “irreversible” track to membership in the Union before the end of its mandate in 2019. Unless the new En- largement Strategy offers a realistic plan to tackle the lack of economic growth and social progress in the region, it will be another futile institutional exercise because democracy, the rule of law and other basic distinctions of “Europeanness” cannot make lasting inroads into the enduring poverty in the Western Balkans. In the past two decades, the Western Bal- economies, foster democratic institutions kan countries have largely enacted the and pave the way for EU membership. fundamental economic reforms requested Things have turned out differently from by the European Union (EU), the World the transition blueprint that was envisaged Bank and the International Monetary Fund for the Western Balkans, however. The (IMF) under the so-called “Washington expectations that these countries would consensus”, following the matrix previously gradually converge towards EU economic created for Central-Eastern Europe (CEE).
    [Show full text]