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Foraging Modes of Carnivorous Plants Aaron M
Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution, 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-20191066 Foraging modes of carnivorous plants Aaron M. Ellison* Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, Massachusetts, 01366, USA Abstract Carnivorous plants are pure sit-and-wait predators: they remain rooted to a single location and depend on the abundance and movement of their prey to obtain nutrients required for growth and reproduction. Yet carnivorous plants exhibit phenotypically plastic responses to prey availability that parallel those of non-carnivorous plants to changes in light levels or soil-nutrient concentrations. The latter have been considered to be foraging behaviors, but the former have not. Here, I review aspects of foraging theory that can be profitably applied to carnivorous plants considered as sit-and-wait predators. A discussion of different strategies by which carnivorous plants attract, capture, kill, and digest prey, and subsequently acquire nutrients from them suggests that optimal foraging theory can be applied to carnivorous plants as easily as it has been applied to animals. Carnivorous plants can vary their production, placement, and types of traps; switch between capturing nutrients from leaf-derived traps and roots; temporarily activate traps in response to external cues; or cease trap production altogether. Future research on foraging strategies by carnivorous plants will yield new insights into the physiology and ecology of what Darwin called “the most wonderful plants in the world”. At the same time, inclusion of carnivorous plants into models of animal foraging behavior could lead to the development of a more general and taxonomically inclusive foraging theory. -
The Reproductive Biology of Proboscidea Louisianica Is Investigated with Special Emphasis on the Insect-Plant Interrelationship
THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF PROBOSCIDEA LOUISIANICA (MARTYNIACEAE) by MARY ANN PHILLIPPI,, Bachelor of Science in Biological Science Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 1974 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May' 1977 The.;s 1s /'177 P557r ~.;;.. THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF PROBOSCIDEA LOUISIANICA (MARTYNIACEAE) Thesis Approved: Dean of Graduate College ii PREFACE The reproductive biology of Proboscidea louisianica is investigated with special emphasis on the insect-plant interrelationship. This study included only one flowering season in only a small part of the plant's range. In order to more accurately elucidate the insect-plant interrelationship much more work is needed throughout Proboscidea louisianica's range. I wish to thank Dr. Ronald J. Tyrl, my thesis adviser, for his time and effort throughout my project. Appreciation is also extended to Dr. William A. Drew and Dr. James K. McPherson for advice and criticism throughout the course of this study and during the prepara tion of this manuscript. To Dr. Charles D. Michener, at the University of Kansas; Dr. H. E. Milliron, in New Martinsville, West Virginia; and Dr. T. B. Mitchell, at North Carolina State University I extend my appreciation for their time and expertise in identifying the insects collected during this study. Special thanks are given to Jim Petranka and to my family, Dr. and Mrs. G. M. Phillippi, Carolyn, Dan, and Jane for their encouragement in this and all endeavors. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 1 PHENOLOGY 6 INSECT VISITORS AND POLLINATION 10 THE SENSITIVE STIGMA . -
Carnivorous Plant Responses to Resource Availability
Carnivorous plant responses to resource availability: environmental interactions, morphology and biochemistry Christopher R. Hatcher A doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University November 2019 © by Christopher R. Hatcher (2019) Abstract Understanding how organisms respond to resources available in the environment is a fundamental goal of ecology. Resource availability controls ecological processes at all levels of organisation, from molecular characteristics of individuals to community and biosphere. Climate change and other anthropogenically driven factors are altering environmental resource availability, and likely affects ecology at all levels of organisation. It is critical, therefore, to understand the ecological impact of environmental variation at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Consequently, I bring physiological, ecological, biochemical and evolutionary research together to determine how plants respond to resource availability. In this thesis I have measured the effects of resource availability on phenotypic plasticity, intraspecific trait variation and metabolic responses of carnivorous sundew plants. Carnivorous plants are interesting model systems for a range of evolutionary and ecological questions because of their specific adaptations to attaining nutrients. They can, therefore, provide interesting perspectives on existing questions, in this case trait-environment interactions, plant strategies and plant responses to predicted future environmental scenarios. In a manipulative experiment, I measured the phenotypic plasticity of naturally shaded Drosera rotundifolia in response to disturbance mediated changes in light availability over successive growing seasons. Following selective disturbance, D. rotundifolia became more carnivorous by increasing the number of trichomes and trichome density. These plants derived more N from prey and flowered earlier. -
Illinois Exotic Species List
Exotic Species in Illinois Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information. Microbes viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp. West Nile virus Flavivirus sp. Zika virus Flavivirus sp. Fungi oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi late blight Phytophthora infestans white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Plants okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus common yarrow* Achillea millefolium Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa -
Universidade Estadual Paulista Câmpus De
Campus de Botucatu UNESP - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊN CIAS GENÔMICA ORGANELAR E EVOLUÇÃO DE GENLISEA E UTRICULARIA (LENTIBULARIACEAE) SAURA RODRIGUES DA SILVA Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências, Câmpus de Botucatu, UNESP, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) BOTUCATU - SP - 2018 - Insti tuto de Biociências – Departamento de Botânica Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n CEP 18618 - 000 Botucatu SP Brasil Tel 14 3811 6265/6053 fax 14 3815 3744 [email protected] Campus de Botucatu UNESP - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊN CIAS GENÔMICA ORGANELAR E EVOLUÇÃO DE GENLISEA E UTRICULARIA (LENTIBULARIACEAE) SAUR A RODRIGUES DA SILVA PROF. DR. VITOR FERN ANDES OLIVEIRA DE MI RANDA ORIENTADOR PROF. DR. ALESSANDRO DE MEL L O VARANI Coorientador Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências, Câmpus de Botucatu, UNESP, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciên cias Biológicas (Botânica) BOTUCATU - SP - 2018 - Instituto de Biociências – Departamento de Botânica Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n CEP 18618 - 000 Botucatu SP Brasil Tel 14 3811 6265/6053 fax 14 3815 3744 [email protected] 2 Campus de Botucatu FICHA CATALOGRÁFIC A ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO TÉCNICA DE AQUISIÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU - UNESP Silva, Saura Rodrigues. Genômica organelar e evolução d e Genlisea e Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) / Saura Rodrigues da Silva. – 2018. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2018. Orientador: Vitor Fernandes Oliveira de Miranda Co - orientador: Alessandro de Mello Varani Assunto CAPES: 1. Sistemática Vegetal CDD 581.1 Palavras - c have: Utricularia ; Genlisea ; genômica de organelas; ndhs; Evolução de organelas. -
A New Carnivorous Plant Lineage (Triantha) with a Unique Sticky-Inflorescence Trap
A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap Qianshi Lina,b,1, Cécile Anéc,d, Thomas J. Givnishc, and Sean W. Grahama,b aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; bUBC Botanical Garden, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; cDepartment of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706; and dDepartment of Statistics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison WI 53706 Edited by Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, and approved June 5, 2021 (received for review October 30, 2020) Carnivorous plants consume animals for mineral nutrients that and in wetlands, including bogs, marly shorelines, and calcareous enhance growth and reproduction in nutrient-poor environments. spring-fed fens. In bogs, T. occidentalis is commonly found with Here, we report that Triantha occidentalis (Tofieldiaceae) represents recognized carnivorous plants such as Drosera rotundifolia a previously overlooked carnivorous lineage that captures insects on (Droseraceae) and Pinguicula vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae). During sticky inflorescences. Field experiments, isotopic data, and mixing the summer flowering season, T. occidentalis produces leafless models demonstrate significant N transfer from prey to Triantha, erect flowering stems up to 80 cm tall (12). These scapes have with an estimated 64% of leaf N obtained from prey capture in sticky glandular hairs, especially on their upper portions, a feature previous years, comparable to levels inferred for the cooccurring distinguishing Triantha from other genera of Tofieldiaceae round-leaved sundew, a recognized carnivore. N obtained via carnivory (Fig. 1). Small insects are often found trapped by these hairs; is exported from the inflorescence and developing fruits and may herbarium specimens are frequently covered in insects (Fig. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
The Bromeliad Society of Queensland Inc Newsletter
“Broms are addictive” The Bromeliad Society of Queensland Inc Newsletter February 2013 From the President Editor’s Note: John is providing a full report in the next Journal for this meeting. January Meeting John Olsen opened the meeting at 7:30pm. Apologies to Norma Poole in January 2013 Newsletter Norma entered Aechmea orlandiana in the Novice competition and was placed 2nd. Not Betty Sheppard. Our apologies to both contestants, but this was not Fred’s fault. John welcomes Charles Birdsong from Baton Rouge and Michelle Casey. John declared the AGM opened and the minutes approved. The President’s full report will be in the next issue of Bromeliaceae. The financial statement was presented by the Treasurer. John thanked his committee for 2012 for their help – Bruce Dunstan and Bob Cross will not be nominating for the committee this year. Bob Cross has been a committee member for 35years. A big thank you was given to both of these members for their commitment to the society. John also thanked all the volunteers and hoped they would be with us again this year. Our new Committee for 2013 PRESIDENT John Olsen IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT John Olsen VICE-PRESIDENT Barry Kable SECRETARY Glenn Bernoth TREASURER Pam Butler COMMITTEE MEMBERS Peter Ball Mal Cameron Michele Cameron Chris Coulthard Jennifer Coulthard Barbara Murray Rob Murray Fred Thomson Olive Trevor David Vine The AGM was closed and the monthly meeting opened. The Autumn Show dates have been changed. Set up will be on Thursday 11th April from 2pm. Judging will be Friday morning and the area will be closed to the public. -
The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Native Plant Society
Volume 27: Number 2 > Summer 2010 PalmettoThe Quarterly Journal of the Florida Native Plant Society Everglades Tree Islands ● Schizaea pennula ● Pricing the Priceless BOOK REVIEW Native Bromeliads of Florida Reviewed by Chuck McCartney Among plants adding to the bromeliads and orchids. Thus, the as well a mention of its distribution tropical ambience of much of Florida’s reader of Native Bromeliads of Florida outside Florida, plus other interesting natural landscape are members of could not ask for a more authoritative tidbits about the species. the plant family Bromeliaceae, the pair of writers on the subject. There is also a dichotomous key bromeliads. These are our so-called The book delineates Florida’s 18 to help distinguish among the three “air plants,” and they are the most native bromeliads, including the three native bromeliad genera (Catopsis, commonly seen and widespread that do not occur in the southern Guzmania and Tillandsia), with further group of epiphytes, or tree-growing end of the state – Tillandsia bartramii, keys to the three Catopsis species and plants, found in our state. the apparently endemic Tillandsia 14 tillandsias. The keys are written Bromeliaceae is sometimes called simulata, and Tillandsia x floridana, in language that’s fairly easy to under- the pineapple family because that a putative hybrid of T. bartramii and stand for the amateur, and there ground-growing species, Ananas T. fasciculata var. densispica. is a glossary in the back of the book comosus from Brazil, is the most It also discusses familiar South to help with any unfamiliar terms. familiar representative of the group. Florida species, such as the widespread But what makes this book equally But equally familiar to people who and beautiful Tillandsia fasciculata, informative is the introductory have traveled in the American South with its flame red flower spikes (even material. -
Proboscidea Louisianica (Miller) Thell
Eurasscience Journals Eurasian Journal of Forest Science (2017) 5(2): 19-25 A new alien species record for the flora of Turkey: Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thell. Ece Sevgi1, Çağla Kızılarslan-Hançer1, Hatice Yılmaz2, Muhammet Akkaya3 1) Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey 2) İstanbul University, Vocational School of Forestry, Ornamental Plants Cultivation Prog., 34473, İstanbul, Turkey 3)Forest Management, Biga-Çanakkale, Turkey *corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thell. (Martyniaceae) is reported as a new alien species for the flora of Turkey. A plant species with different and interesting fruits was photographed in 2016. During a field investigation, a population of P. louisianica consisting of ca. 25 individuals was found at roadside between Biga and Karabiga town, district of Çanakkale, and plant specimens with flowers were collected in 2017. After detailed literature studies, this species was identified as Proboscidea louisianica. The family Martyniaceae is represented by just 1 genus with 1 taxa (Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt.) in Turkey and no member of the genus Proboscidea has been recorded before. In this paper, the species was introduced with taxonomical and morphological features. Its ecological impact was also evaluated with potential risks. Keywords: Proboscidea, Martyniaceae, new record, flora, Turkey Özet Bu çalışmada Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thell. (Martyniaceae) Türkiye Florası için yeni bir yabancı tür olarak kaydedilmiştir. Çanakkale, Biga-Karabiga arası yol kenarında yaklaşık 25 adet bitkiden oluşan populasyondan 2016 yılında genç meyveli, çiçek taşımayan bireylerden fotoğraflar çekilerek kayıt alınmıştır. 2017 yılında çiçeklenme dönemi olan Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında tekrar arazi çalışması yapılarak hem bitki örnekleri alınmış hem de detaylı populasyon bilgileri kaydedilmiştir. -
Tohono O'odham Basketry: an Enduring Tradition
Tohono O'odham Basketry: An Enduring Tradition Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Watkinson, Gina Marie Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 02/10/2021 01:44:00 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312501 TOHONO O’ODHAM BASKETRY: AN ENDURING TRADITION by Gina Marie Watkinson ____________________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2013 - 1 - STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Gina Marie Watkinson APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: November 25, 2013 Dr. -