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Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020

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Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 Understanding Historic Parks and Gardens in Devon The Devon Gardens Trust Research & Recording Project FOLLATON HOUSE Plymouth Road, Totnes TQ9 5NE March 2020 Registered Charity No: 800540 Company Limited by Guarantee Company Registration No: 2277427 Registered office: Exeter Community Centre, 17 St David’s Hill, Exeter, Devon, EX4 3RG Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 Introduction Background to the Project This site report has been prepared as part of the Devon Gardens Trust (DGT) Research and Recording Project, begun in 2018. In 1998, in addition to the 54 Historic England Registered sites, over 200 designed landscapes were identified as having local importance to the county. This led to the creation of the Devon Gazetteer of Parks and Gardens of Local Historic Interest. Our aim is to review what is currently known for each site, undertake further research as necessary, and produce an evidence-based report following Historic England principles. The list is constantly evolving as new sites come to light, or additional information is discovered. Content Each report includes the following: • A current site boundary using Land Registry details overlaid on to an Ordnance Survey (OS) map • Current aerial photograph • A historic 1st Edition OS map • An overview of the Statement of Significance based on the four Interests as outlined in the National Planning Policy Framework: Archaeological, Architectural, Artistic and Historic. • A written description of the site, derived from documentary research and a site visit. • A map showing principal views and features. • Key images Acknowledgments The Trust would like to thank the volunteers and owners who have participated in this project and given freely of their time to complete this challenging and rewarding task. Copyright The contents of this report are the copyright of Devon Gardens Trust. For further information contact [email protected] Devon Gardens Trust Registered Charity No: 800540 Company Limited by Guarantee Company Registration No: 2277427 Registered office: Exeter Community Centre, 17 St David’s Hill, Exeter, Devon, EX4 3RG 2 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 SITE BOUNDARY MAP H M Land Registry Map 2019 3 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH Google Maps 30 April 2019 4 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 25” OS Map Surveyed 1886 printed 1889 Courtesy of Devon and Exeter Institution Library 5 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 TITHE MAP Follaton, Totnes, 1842, Surveyors: G Braund and H Hearn: Scale 3 chains/inch. Total acreage for house and grounds 28a3r35p: Follaton Farm, total acreage, 104a0r32p, occupied by Edward Holberton Plot Occupier No Estate Plot Name Cultivation A R P George Stanley Cary 7 Follaton Meadow Pasture 4 3 38 13 Follaton Lawn 15 3 33 16 Follaton Late Orchard Orchard 1 0 23 17 Follaton Orchard [Orchard] 1 0 13 18 Follaton Walled Garden Garden 1 0 0 12 Follaton Plantation Firs 1 0 12 14 Follaton Plantation [Plantation] 2 3 34 15 Follaton Shrubbery Shrubs 0 1 3 20 Follaton Copse Copse 0 1 0 9 Follaton Waste [Waste] 0 0 37 6 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 COUNTY Devon NAME OF SITE DISTRICT COUNCIL/ PLANNING South Hams District AUTHORITY Council Follaton House, now the South PARISH/HISTORIC PARISH Totnes Hams District Council Offices OS GRID REF SX787604 HER RECORD NUMBER MDV13715 MDV78745-6 Terraced garden and Ha-Ha POSTCODE TQ9 5NE STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Overview This is an important historical site, which has been in existence since the eleventh century, and for 130 years from the eighteenth century in the hands of the Cary family of Devon. George Stanley Repton, architect son of the Landscape Gardener, Humphry Repton, was responsible for altering and enlarging the house in 1826. The property has been through many different guises from being a Voluntary Aid Hospital in the first World War to becoming a holiday venue for almost forty years from the 1920s. Its springs were an important source of an additional water supply for the town of Totnes from the nineteenth century. The whole estate was bought by the Totnes Town Council in 1925 to ensure control and continuance of the supply at a reasonable cost. The house, farm and lodge that were surplus to their requirements were sold to the Co-operative Holidays Association and to Totnes citizens, the Council retaining the water rights. The property was acquired by Totnes Rural District Council in 1965 and they hold it still. Currently the outer parkland, known now as Follaton Arboretum, which has been used by the local community for many years is in the process of becoming a public park for the people of Totnes.1 Archaeological interest The manor of Follaton, originally a grange farm for the Priory of St Mary’s in Totnes, dates back to the eleventh century. It was sold into private ownership following the dissolution of religious buildings. Robert Waterhouse, archaeologist, maintains that there was a much older landscape attached to the property. He states that despite there being no dating evidence the terrace garden to the rear of the property ‘certainly pre- dates the present house’. An archaeological survey may help to date this more accurately. He also mentions an arched culvert which is aligned on the centre of the garden, but which now passes beneath the later house which indicates that there may have been earlier water features. The Ha Ha, still visible in parts, is known to have been dug or re-dug in 1823, although Waterhouse suggests it may be a much earlier feature.2 Earth terracing in the Italianate garden dates back to at least the first quarter of the nineteenth century and may pre- date garden improvements made at this time. Architectural interest George Stanley Repton remodelled and enlarged the 1780s house in 1826 at a time in his working life when he worked on similar important houses in the county such as Kitley House, near Plymouth; Peamore House near Exeter and Widworthy Court, near Honiton. His work at Follaton included a private Catholic chapel which had an exterior entrance so that it could also be used by the local community. The house was listed by English Heritage (now Historic England) as Grade II* and Follaton Lodge as Grade II in 1952. Parts of the 1 South Hams District Council, Follaton Arboretum: Improvement Plan March 2020 – March 2023 (2020). 2 Robert Waterhouse, ‘Garden Archaeology in South Devon’ Robert Wilson-North, The Lie of the Land: Aspects of the archaeology of the designed landscape in the South West of England (Devon, 2003), p. 78: Jerningham Letters 1652 and 1655 (1823). 7 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 older house have been preserved and the newer building for the South Hams Rural District Council has been sympathetically added. Artistic interest Much of the existing landscape was designed by George Stanley Cary, following his inheritance in 1822. He was also responsible for tree planting on the estate including individual specimen trees, both in the pleasure ground and in the outer parkland, and avenues of poplar, oak and elm lining the roads to the estate. It is not clear whether the terracing in the pleasure ground was in existence when he inherited, but part of the layout of the garden is almost two hundred years old. Historic interest Formerly part of the Totnes Priory, Follaton evolved from a farmhouse to an important country house on the outskirts of Totnes. The Cary family who owned the property for several generations were an important Catholic family with social links to many landed families in the area. Although it is not clear whether George Stanley Repton had any input into the garden design, he was influential in the design of the house. Community Interest The property serves the community as the headquarters of South Hams District Council. Local people have also for many years made use of the parkland as a place to walk dogs and generally enjoy a green space. Transition Town Totnes has now instigated a Forest Garden, Edibles Nursery, Orchard and Nut groves and Little Footprints a memorial garden for still-born children. There has been much individual planting, both of commemorative trees and in the edible nursery. Follaton Arboretum is now being managed to be used by larger numbers of the community of Totnes. Follaton Chronology – See Appendix A 8 Devon Gardens Trust, Site Report: Follaton House, March 2020 HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT The Manor of Follaton dates back to the eleventh century. Given to the Priory of St Mary’s in Totnes in 1306 by William la Zouche, the small estate was originally a grange farm for the Priory.3 Following the dissolution of religious buildings, Follaton was sold into private ownership. There had been a succession of owners and occupiers from the sixteenth century including the Yeo family from at least 1555 until 1616; William Fell from 1616 until 1668. The Rooke family then owned the estate until 1767. It was then purchased by Andrew Hilley, from Ugborough, and later passed to his son, another Andrew.4 In 1788 Hilley sold Follaton to Edward Cary of Torre Abbey for £9,700. The Cary’s were to own Follaton from this point until 1918. They did not always live in the property letting it to tenants when they went on extended holidays abroad or to live elsewhere. In 1800 an advertisement offering a lease of three, five or seven years described Follaton house: A neat, convenient Dwelling House, with sashed front, pleasantly situated at Follaton, about ¾ of a mile from the town of Totnes, in the county of Devon, commanding a most delightful and extensive view of the distant hills; consisting of six good bed-chambers, drawing room, parlour, a spacious kitchen, pantry, cellars, stable and other conveniences.5 In addition to Follaton House a new farmhouse was built in the early years of the eighteenth century and thereafter the farmhouse, with 137 acres of land, was leased separate from the house for varying periods of time from seven years upwards to tenant farmers.6 The Cary family were Catholics and they had a private chapel built in 1826.
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