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William Wilberforce William Wilberforce Dyngarwr o Sais oedd William Wilberforce (24 Awst 1759 – 29 Gorffennaf 1833). Chwaraeodd ran flaenllaw yn yr ymgyrch i gael gwared â'r fasnach mewn William Wilberforce caethweision. Roedd yn fab i fasnachwr cyfoethog. Cafodd ei eni yn Hull yn 1759. Yn 17 oed aeth Wilberforce i Goleg Sant Ioan, Caergrawnt. Daeth yn ffrind i William Pitt, a ddaeth yn ddiweddarach yn brif weinidog ifancaf Prydain erioed. Cychwynnodd ei yrfa wleidyddol yn 1780, gan ddod yn Aelod Seneddol annibynnol dros Gaerefrog (1784-1812). Yn 1785 cafodd dröedigaeth grefyddol a arweiniodd at newidiadau mawr yn ei ffordd o fyw a chreu angerdd gydol oes ynddo tuag at ddiwygio. Yn 1787, daeth i gysylltiad â Thomas Clarkson a grŵp o ymgyrchwyr gwrth-gaethwasiaeth - yn eu plith, Granville Sharp, Hannah More a Syr William a’r Arglwyddes Middleton. Perswadiwyd ef ganddynt i geisio defnyddio ei ddylanwad fel aelod seneddol i roi terfyn ar y fasnach mewn caethweision, ac yn ystod yr ugain mlynedd ddilynol arweiniodd ymgyrch y Diddymwyr yn y Senedd. Yn 1807 llwyddodd i gael y Senedd i basio deddf a oedd yn rhoi diwedd ar y fasnach. Ganwyd 24 Awst 1759 Wilberforce House Hyrwyddodd nifer o achosion yn ystod ei fywyd - er enghraifft, Cymdeithas er Bu farw 29 Gorffennaf 1833 (73 mwyn Atal Llygredd a Drygioni (Society for the Suppression of Vice), gwaith oed) cenhadol yn India, sefydlu trefedigaeth rydd yn Sierra Leone, sefydlu Cymdeithas Genhadu'r Eglwys a’r Gymdeithas yn erbyn Creulondeb i Anifeiliaid. Arweiniodd Chelsea ei agwedd geidwadol tuag gefnogi deddfwriaeth ddadleuol ym meysydd Dinasyddiaeth Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr gwleidyddol a chymdeithasol ato'n cael ei feirniadu am anwybyddu ac Iwerddon, Teyrnas Prydain anghyfiawnderau ym Mhrydain. Parhaodd i gefnogi diddymiad llwyr caethwasiaeth Fawr, y Deyrnas Unedig hyd yn oed pan oedd ei iechyd yn gwaethygu ar ôl 1826. Yn 1833 pasiwyd Deddf Diddymu Caethwasiaeth a wnaeth ddiddymu caethwasiaeth ar draws y rhan Alma mater Coleg Sant Ioan helaethaf o Ymerodraeth Prydain. Claddwyd ef yn Abaty Westminster, yn agos i’w Pocklington School [1] ffrind, William Pitt yr Ieuengaf. Hull Grammar School Mae Ioan Gruffudd yn chwarae rhan Wilberforce yn y ffilm Amazing Galwedigaeth gwleidydd, dyngarwr, Grace (2006). diddymwr caethwasiaeth Swydd Aelod o 4edd Senedd y Deyrnas Unedig, Aelod o Cynnwys Senedd Prydain Fawr, Aelod Seneddol, y Deyrnas Unedig, Bywyd cynnar Aelod Seneddol, y Deyrnas Bywyd yn y Senedd Unedig, Aelod Seneddol, y Tröedigaeth Deyrnas Unedig, Aelod o Diwedd y fasnach gaethweision Senedd 1af y Deyrnas Unedig, Aelod o 2il Senedd y Dylanwadau Deyrnas Unedig, Aelod o Charles ac Arglwyddes Middleton 3edd Senedd y Deyrnas Thomas Clarkson Unedig, Aelod o 4edd Senedd Y Crynwyr ac ymgyrchwyr eraill y Deyrnas Unedig, Aelod o Gwrthwynebiad 5ed Senedd y Deyrnas Yr ymgyrch i Ddiddymu Unedig, Aelod o 6ed Senedd Rhyfel gyda Ffrainc y Deyrnas Unedig, Aelod o Cam olaf yr ymgyrch 7fed Senedd y Deyrnas Unedig, Member of the 15th Meysydd eraill Parliament of Great Britain, Blynyddoedd olaf Member of the 16th Gwaddol Parliament of Great Britain, Cyfeiriadau Member of the 17th Darllen pellach Parliament of Great Britain, Member of the 18th Parliament of Great Britain Bywyd cynnar Tad Robert Wilberforce Ganwyd William Wilberforce yn Hull yn Awst 1759, yn unig fab i Robert Mam Elizabeth Bird Wilberforce (1728-1768), masnachwr cyfoethog, a’i wraig, Elisabeth Bird (1730- Priod Barbara Spooner Wilberforce 1798) ac roedd ei dadcu, William, wedi gwneud ffortiwn i'w deulu yn y fasnach [2][3] forwrol gyda’r gwledydd Baltig ac wedi ei ethol ddwywaith yn faer Hull. Plant Samuel Wilberforce, Robert Wedi marwolaeth ei dad yn 1768, anfonwyd William i fyw gydag ewythr a modryb Isaac Wilberforce, Henry cyfoethog a oedd yn berchen ar dai ym Mhalas St. James, Llundain a Wimbledon, y William Wilberforce, William tu allan Llundain.[4] O dan eu dylanwad magodd ddiddordeb mewn Cristnogaeth Wilberforce, Elizabeth Efengylaidd. Roedd ei fodryb Hannah yn chwaer i’r masnachwr Cristnogol Wilberforce, Barbara cyfoethog, John Thornton, dyngarwr ac un o gefnogwyr y pregethwr Wilberforce [5] Methodistaidd George Whitefield. Llofnod Yn Hydref 1776, pan oedd yn 17 mlwydd oed, aeth Wilberforce i Goleg Sant Ioan, Caergrawnt. Etifeddodd lawer o gyfoeth ar farwolaeth ei dad-cu a’i ewythr yn 1777, ac o ganlyniad ni fu’n astudio’n galed iawn yng Nghaergrawnt ond yn hyrach yn byw bywyd gwyllt a hedonistaidd yn y cyfnod hwn.[3][6] Tra'r oedd yn y coleg daeth yn ffrindiau â darpar Brif Weinidog Prydain, sef William Pitt,[7] a derbyniodd ei radd BA yn 1781 ac yna Gradd Meistr yn 1788.[8] Priododd Barbara Ann Spooner yng Nghaerfaddon ym mis Mai 1797 a chawsant chwech o blant: William (ganwyd 1798), Barbara (ganwyd 1799), Elizabeth (ganwyd 1801), Robert (ganwyd 1802), Samuel (ganwyd 1805) a Henry (ganwyd 1807).[5] Bywyd yn y Senedd O dan ddylanwad William Pitt, anogwyd Wilberforce i fentro i mewn i’r byd gwleidyddol[8] ac ym Medi 1870, pan oedd yn 21 mlwydd oed a thra'r oedd yn dal yn fyfyriwr, etholwyd William Wilberforce yn Aelod Seneddol dros Kingston upon Hull. Fel yr oedd yn arferiad bryd hynny, gwariodd swm sylweddol o arian er mwyn sicrhau ei fod yn derbyn y nifer angenrheidiol o bleidleisiau.[9] Roedd yn Aelod Seneddol annibynnol ac yn cefnogi llywodraethau Torïaidd a Chwigaidd yn ddibynnol ar sut oedd eu polisïau yn effeithio ar ei gydwybod a’i ddaliadau. Roedd yn pleidleisio ar fesurau gwahanol ar sail eu cryfderau a'u manteision.[10] Roedd Wilberforce yn mwynhau bywyd cymdeithasol prysur ac yn troi mewn cylchoedd a oedd yn cynnwys Georgiana (Duges Dyfnaint) a Thywysog Cymru.[11] Roedd yn enwog am fod yn siaradwr huawdl mewn trafodaethau seneddol a phan ddaeth William Pitt yn Brif Weinidog yn Rhagfyr 1783 roedd Wilberforce yn gefnogwr allweddol i’w lywodraeth leiafrifol.[12] William Wilberforce yn 29 oed. Llun gan Er eu cyfeillgarwch, ni chynigodd Pitt swydd gweinidog yn ei lywodraeth i Wilberforce. John Rising. Gallai hynny fod oherwydd dymuniad Wilberforce i fod yn Aelod Seneddol annibynnol ac roedd Pitt yn ymwybodol hefyd nad oedd Wilberforce yn mwynhau’r iechyd gorau.[13] Parhaodd ei yrfa wleidyddol yn yr 1880au pan gafodd ei ethol, yn 24 mlwydd oed, yn Aelod Seneddol Swydd Efrog yn Etholiad Cyffredinol 1784. Tröedigaeth Bu taith Wilberforce i Ewrop yn Hydref 1784 yn allweddol o ran achosi newidiadau tyngedfennol yn ei fywyd, ac yn drobwynt pwysig o ran penderfynu beth fyddai ei yrfa yn y dyfodol. Ei gyd-deithwyr oedd ei fam, ei chwaer ac Isaac Milner, brawd iau cyn-brifathro William Wilberforce. Roedd Milner hefyd wedi bod yn Gymrawd yng Ngholeg y Frenhines, Caergrawnt, yn y flwyddyn pan aeth Wilberforce i’r coleg. Bu’r grŵp yn teithio yn yr Eidal a’r Swistir a phan ddychwelodd Wilberforce i Loegr yng nghwmni Milner buont yn darllen ‘The Rise and Progress in the Soul’ gan Philip Doddridge, anghydffurfiwr o Loegr ar ddechrau’r 18fed ganrif.[14] Mae’n ddigon posib bod diddordeb Wilberforce mewn crefydd efengylaidd wedi cael ei ail-gynnau yn y cyfnod hwn wrth iddo ddechrau codi’n gynnar yn y bore er mwyn darllen y Beibl a gweddïo, a dechreuodd gadw dyddiadur personol. Dyma’r cyfnod pan gafodd dröedigaeth efengylaidd, gan ddatgan ei fod yn edifarhau am bechodau ei hen fywyd ac yn addo rhoi ei fywyd a’i waith yn y dyfodol at wasanaeth Duw. Tua’r adeg hon hefyd dechreuodd gwestiynu a ddylai fod yn cyflawni swydd gyhoeddus, ond wedi cyngor gan John Newton, ficer Anglicanaidd efengylaidd blaengar yn y cyfnod a rheithor eglwys St Mary Woolnoth yn ninas Llundain, ynghyd â dylanwad William Pitt, perswadiwyd ef i aros yn y byd gwleidyddol. O hynny ymlaen, penderfynodd y byddai ei safbwyntiau gwleidyddol yn cael eu llywio gan ei ffydd a’i awydd i hyrwyddo Cristnogaeth ac egwyddorion Cristnogol mewn materion preifat a chyhoeddus.[15] Roedd ei farn ar wahanol bynciau yn geidwadol ac yn wrthwynebus i newidiadau radicalaidd a oedd yn herio’r ffordd roedd Duw wedi trefnu’r byd yn wleidyddol ac yn gymdeithasol. Lleisiai ei farn felly ar bynciau fel sut i gadw’r Sabbath a chael gwared ar anfoesoldeb drwy addysg a diwygio.[16] Diwedd y fasnach gaethweision Daeth Prydain i ymwneud â'r fasnach gaethweision yn ystod y 16eg ganrif. Erbyn diwedd y 18fed ganrif roedd masnach drionglog yn cludo nwyddau o Brydain draw i Affrica i brynu caethweision, yna'n trawsgludo’r caethweision a brynwyd yno draw i India’r Gorllewin, gan ddychwelyd gyda chynnyrch fel siwgr, tybaco a chotwm i Brydain. Roedd y cynnyrch hwn yn cynrychioli 80% o incwm tramor Prydain ar y pryd. Roedd llongau Prydeinig yn dominyddu'r fasnach gaethweision ac yn cyflenwi caethweision ar gyfer ymerodraethau Ffrainc, Sbaen, yr Iseldiroedd, Portiwgal a Phrydain. Pan oedd y fasnach ar ei hanterth roedd cymaint â 40,000 o gaethweision - yn ddynion, menywod a phlant - yn cael eu cludo ar ‘y llwybr canol’ ar draws yr Iwerydd mewn amodau erchyll ar y llongau.[17] Amcangyfrifir bod tua 11 miliwn o Affricaniaid wedi cael eu cludo i gaethwasiaeth a bod tua 1.4 miliwn wedi marw yn ystod y mordeithiau.[18] Dechreuodd yr ymgyrch Brydeinig i gael gwared ar y fasnach gaethweision yn ystod y 1780au pan sefydlwyd pwyllgorau gwrth- gaethwasiaeth gan y Crynwyr, a chyflwynwyd y ddeiseb gyntaf erioed yn erbyn y fasnach gaethweision gerbron y Senedd yn 1783.[19] Dylanwadau Charles ac Arglwyddes Middleton Yn 1783, cyfarfu Wilberforce â’r Parchedig James Ramsay, llawfeddyg ar long a oedd yn offeiriad ar ynys St. Christopher (St Kitts erbyn hyn) yn India’r Gorllewin ac a oedd hefyd yn oruchwyliwr meddygol ar blanhigfeydd yr ynys. Roedd Ramsay wedi ei ffieiddio gan yr amodau a’r driniaeth erchyll a ddioddefai’r caethweision yn ystod yr hwylio ac wrth weithio yn y planhigfeydd.
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