Carpenterworm

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Forest Health Protection, Southern Region CARPENTERWORM, Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck) Importance. - In eastern and southern states, oaks-particularly red oaks-are the most heavily damaged. Other hosts are green ash, black locust, elm, maple, willow, cottonwood, and sometimes fruit trees and ornamental shrubs. The damage-wormholes-causes unsightly scars on ornamental trees and degrade, estimated at 15 percent of the value of rough sawn lumber. Identifying the Insect. - Newly hatched larvae are 1/4 inch (6 mm) long and reddish pink. They gradually become greenish white and are 2 to 3 inches (50 to 75 mm) long at maturity. Brown pupal skins protruding from entrance holes are common in early summer. Adults are grayish, stout-bodied moths. The hindwing in the male has an orange spot. Larva in a typical gallery in the wood. Identifying the Injury. - Earliest signs of attack are sap spots on the trunk. Later, frass is ejected from entrance holes. Burrows 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter under the bark, and galleries 1/2 inch (12 mm) in diameter and 5 to 8 inches (12 to 22 cm) long in the wood are typical. Galleries are open or loosely plugged with frass. Holes in lumber are dark stained. Attacks on the trunk. Biology. - Adult moths appear in April to June and deposit 400 to 800 eggs in bark crevices. Eggs hatch in 10 to 12 days, and young larvae tunnel into the bark and wood. Pupation occurs within the gallery during spring and lasts 3 weeks. A life cycle requires 1 to 2 years in the South, and 2 to 4 years in the North. Control. - Management practices such as maintaining high tree vigor, removing brood trees, preventing bark injuries, and spraying the trunk or fumigating the galleries with insecticides help to minimize damage..

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Kemi-Riskline
1998:4 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals 122. Dichlorobenzenes Eivor Elovaara Nordic Council of Ministers arbete och hälsa vetenskaplig skriftserie ISBN 91–7045–460–4 ISSN 0346–7821 http://www.niwl.se/ah/ah.htm National Institute for Working Life National Institute for Working Life The National Institute for Working Life is Sweden's center for research and development on labour market, working life and work environment. Diffusion of infor- mation, training and teaching, local development and international collaboration are other important issues for the Institute. The R&D competence will be found in the following areas: Labour market and labour legislation, work organization and production technology, psychosocial working conditions, occupational medicine, allergy, effects on the nervous system, ergonomics, work environment technology and musculoskeletal disorders, chemical hazards and toxicology. A total of about 470 people work at the Institute, around 370 with research and development. The Institute’s staff includes 32 professors and in total 122 persons with a postdoctoral degree. The National Institute for Working Life has a large international collaboration in R&D, including a number of projects within the EC Framework Programme for Research and Technology Development. ARBETE OCH HÄLSA Redaktör: Anders Kjellberg Redaktionskommitté: Anders Colmsjö och Ewa Wigaeus Hjelm © Arbetslivsinstitutet & författarna 1998 Arbetslivsinstitutet, 171 84 Solna, Sverige ISBN 91–7045–460–4 ISSN 0346-7821 Tryckt hos CM Gruppen Preface The Nordic Council is an intergovernmental collaborative body for the five countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. One of the committees, the Nordic Senior Executive Committee for Occupational Environmental Matters, initiated a project in order to produce criteria documents to be used by the regulatory authorities in the Nordic countries as a scientific basis for the setting of national occupational exposure limits.
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