La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

LA TRINIDAD PHYSICAL PROFILE & SOCIO-ECONOMIC 20141 I. PHYSICAL PROFILE

General Location The capital town of Benguet Province, the Municipality of La Trinidad is located 256 kilometers north of Metro Manila. It is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Tublay, on the south by the city of Baguio, on the west by the Municipalities of Sablan and Tuba. Its geographical coordinates are 16 degrees, 21 minutes north latitude and 120 degrees and 35 minutes east longitude.

The municipality is relatively the most developed settlement in the province of Benguet because of its proximity to the City of Baguio. It is the gateway of the southern lowlands into the Cordillera Region. Due to its advanced development, La Trinidad is considered as one of the Central Business Districts of Benguet.

Philippines Cordillera Administrative Region

Benguet Province

Accessibility The municipality is accessible by land transport via the following entry points: from the Mt. Province through the Baguio-Bontoc Road; from La Union, through the Marcos Highway via the Pico-Lamtang; from Nueva Viscaya through the Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road; from Pangasinan, through Kennon road. All these roads converge at the City of Baguio. The nearest airport is located in nearby Baguio City, Loakan airport. Baguio- Manila travels take about 45 minutes flight or a 7-hour ride via land.

Total road kilometerage for the whole municipality is 135.2 kilometers. The road network in the municipality exhibits a strong linear type of settlement characterized by a circumferential road that services the valley floor. Accessibility in the rural areas is still relatively inadequate, with generally very narrow roads.

Heavy road traffic is concentrated in its main road, the Baguio-Bontoc National Road which traverses the valley proper and to which all other roads originate. This road is the center of socio-economic activities for the municipality. The municipality has several radial-circumferential roads that branch out to provide access to interior barangays and sitios most of which are tire-path roads, generally not feasible for commercial traffic.

1 Prepared by the Research & Evaluation Section, Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2015. All data are based on 2014 data unless otherwise stated. 1

La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Several public utility vehicles ply around the urban core, majority of which, are public utility jeeps (PUJs). A few taxicabs ply the areas less served by the jeeps while neither buses nor mini-buses ply in the area, except for those buses that pass through the Baguio-Bontoc national road leading to the northern towns of Benguet. Municipality of La Trinidad General Map

Land Area and Political Subdivisions

Table 2: Comparative Urbanization of Barangays, 1990-2010 YEAR Area % to URBAN-RURAL CLASSIFICATION 2010 Density* CLUP (2000) BRGY (sq. km.) Total 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 (persons/sq. km.) Classification Alapang 2.0122 2.49 Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban 2,073 Minor urban Alno 9.5835 11.86 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 213 Rural Ambiong 3.4203 4.23 Rural Rural Rural Urban Urban 1,878 Rural Bahong 6.5756 8.14 Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban 734 Rural Balili 1.1902 1.47 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 13,515 Major urban Beckel 9.513 11.77 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 363 Rural Betag 1.5692 1.94 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 4,374 Major urban Bineng 8.2543 10.22 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 180 Rural Cruz 0.5669 0.70 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 6,207 Minor urban Lubas 2.4059 2.98 Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban 2,324 Urban Pico 3.2936 4.08 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 5,547 Major urban Poblacion 1.0466 1.30 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 10,122 Major urban Puguis 10.2182 12.65 Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban 701 Rural Shilan 7.5099 9.30 Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban 577 Minor urban Tawang 2.476 3.06 Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban 3,011 Minor urban Wangal 11.1596 13.81 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 440 Rural Municipal 80.795 100 Rural Rural Rural Urban Urban 1,327 Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2000-2010, *MPDO Computations

La Trinidad has a total land area of 80.795125 square kilometers representing 2.7% of the total province area. It has sixteen (16) barangays namely: Alapang, Alno, Ambiong, Balili, Bahong, Beckel, Betag, Bineng, Cruz, Lubas, Pico, Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan, Tawang and Wangal.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Wangal is the largest barangay with an area of 11.159642 sq. km. constituting 13.81% of the municipality. Puguis is the second largest area with 10.2182 sq. km. or 12.65% of the municipal land area. The third largest barangay is Alno and the smallest barangay is Cruz with an area of 0.5659 sq. km. constituting 0.70% of the municipality.

In the process of Updating the Municipality’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the next ten years, a new criteria for classifying barangays into an urban or rural was approved by the National Statistical Coordination Board, resolution no. 9 series of 2003. Following the criteria set forth, there is a slight change in the classification of the barangays in La Trinidad.

Table 3: New Barangay Classification, 2014 Population Barangay Population Area (has) New Classification Density Ambiong 6,423 342.03 19 Urban Balili 16,086 119.02 135 Urban Betag 6,863 156.92 44 Urban Lubas 5,591 240.59 23 Urban Pico 18,271 329.36 55 Urban Poblacion 10,594 104.66 101 Urban Puguis 7,163 1021.82 7 Urban Tawang 7,456 247.6 30 Urban Wangal 4,907 1115.96 4 Urban Alapang 4,171 201.22 21 Rural Alno 2,046 958.35 2 Rural Bahong 4,828 657.56 7 Rural Beckel 3,453 951.3 4 Rural Bineng 1,487 825.43 2 Rural Cruz 3,519 56.69 62 Rural Shilan 4,330 750.99 6 Rural Total 107,188 8,079.50 13 Source: CLUP Draft 2014-2023, based on NSCB Res. No. 9 s. 2003

Table 4: Urban-Rural Area

Municipal Area (hectares) 8,079.50 100.00%

Total Urban Area 3,677.96 45.52%

Total Rural Area 4,401.54 54.48% Source: CLUP Draft 2015-2025

Topography Characterized by steep mountains and high terrain, amidst the mountain peaks, is an approximately 350-hectare valley. Across the valley runs the major water body, the Balili River running from Baguio towards the eastern edge of the valley flowing to the north. The Wangal River, Bayabas, Pico and Puguis Creeks flowing from the mountainsides form the Bolo Creek which runs across the valley and converges with the Balili River at Poblacion. Draining from the Busol Watershed are Ambiong Creek, Lubas Creek, and Tawang Creek joining the Balili River from the south.

Creeks in the northeast areas are separated into the east and west by the mountainous and northern part of Alno. Peril Creek has its basin at Bagto Mountain. It runs through the Alno Valley and reaches the Balili River. Moreover, waters from Alapang Creek come from Balili River flowing from Bahong Cave. The Gayasi River from Wangal also drains itself into the Balili River at Bineng.

Prominent mountains are “Marlboro” mountain located at Beckel, Mount Mongo and Mount Mungao located at Bineng, Mount Yangbeo, Mount Kalugong and Tawang Mountains all located at Tawang and Mount Peripin Bato at Pico. In the center of the municipality is the valley located within the barangays of Betag, Pico, Balili and Poblacion surrounded by cliffs and huge mountains of limestone.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Slope La Trinidad valley is on plains with rising and falling slopes. It is bounded on the north and northwest by steep slopes. Comparatively gentle slopes are found from Cruz, Alapang, Bahong and Alno. The municipal mean slope is 40%. Steep (above the mean) slope areas include sitios Banengbeng, Oring, Amsalsal and Dilad in barangay Bineng.

Relief is high with elevation ranging from 500 to 1,700 meters. The highest elevation is at 1,700 meters on the south- eastern portion near the Ambuklao Road at Beckel. The valley floor has an elevation of 1,300 meters above sea level. Bineng is the lowest barangay, with an elevation of 500 meters above sea level at the lowest point of Balili River.

Table 5: Slope Distribution by Area and Percentage Description Slope Percentage Area ( in hectares) Percentage Level to nearly level 0.0 – 9.9 422 6.04 Gentle 10.0 – 19.9 880 12.60 Undulating 20.0 – 29.9 594 8.51 Moderately steep 30.0 – 39.9 2,102 30.11 Steep 40.0 – 49.9 866 12.40 Very Steep 50.0 – above 2,118 30.34 Total 6,982 Mean Slope 40.00 Source: Engineering Geological Hazard Studies of Earthquake- Affected Areas in Baguio and Benguet, Mines & Geo-Sciences Bureau, DENR-CAR, 1992.

Climate Seasonal changes in the municipality are typical of the first type of climate under the Coronas Classification System, with rainy days from May to October followed by the dry spells from November to April.

Table 6: Climatologically Normals (1971-2000) Mean Days RAINFALL # of TEMPERATURE ºC Vapor Relative Sea Wind Cloud w/ Days w/ Rain Dry Level Speed Thunde y Ma Mea Bul Wet Dew Pressure Humidity Pressu Directio mp Cover r Month (mm) Days x Min n b Bulb Pt. % re n s (octal) storm Lightning Jan 12.1 3 23 13 18 17 15.1 14 15.9 83 1012 SE 2 5 0 0 Feb 11.7 2 24 13 18.6 18 15.5 14.3 16.3 81 1011 SE 2 4 1 0 Mar 29.3 4 25 14 19.7 19 16.5 15.2 17.3 80 1011 SE 2 5 2 1 Apr 92.3 9 26 16 20.7 20 17.8 16.7 19 82 1009 SE 2 5 9 4 May 355.4 19 25 16 20.7 20 18.2 17.4 19.9 87 1008 SE 2 6 18 12 Jun 436.6 21 24 17 20.5 20 18.2 17.5 20 88 1007 SE 2 7 16 11 Jul 838.4 26 23 16 19.8 19 17.9 17.3 19.8 91 1006 SE 2 7 15 9 Aug 911.8 27 23 16 19.3 19 7.7 17.2 19.7 93 1006 NW 2 7 12 6 Sept 581.2 24 24 16 19.7 19 17.7 17.1 19.5 90 1007 SE 2 7 15 8 Oct 461.8 17 24 16 19.8 19 17.6 16.8 19.2 87 1008 SE 2 6 8 6 Nov 124.6 8 24 15 19.5 19 16.9 15.9 18.1 84 1009 SE 2 5 3 2 Dec 23.7 5 23 14 18.6 18 15.7 14.6 16.5 82 1010 SE 2 5 1 0

ANNUAL 3,879 165 24 15 19.6 19 17.1 16.2 18.4 86 1009 SE 2 6 100 59 Source : PAGASA, Station :328 Baguio-Benguet ; Latitude : 16 25’N ; Longitude : 120 36’E ; Elevation 1500m

Rainfall Data from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) shows that due to the La Niña and El Niño Phenomena, we experienced lower annual rainfall compared to the 30-year average from 1971 to 2000 and the previous years to the rainfall in 2012, with 111 mm of annual rainfall. In 2014, there were 198 rainy days wherein August and September were the rainiest months. July was the most humid month at 92%. And the month of December was the least humid at 84%. The average wind speed is at 11 mps. There were 103 days with thunderstorm and 63 days with drizzle in 2014.

Temperature Generally, La Trinidad has a perpetually cool and invigorating temperature. The relatively cool temperature, at a mean average of 15◦C is due to local wind circulation and mountain breeze, where the months of January, February, and March being the coldest months; and March, April, May and November, the warmest months. 4

La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

In year 2014, the average minimum temperature was at 15◦C and the average maximum temperature was at 23◦C. The average minimum temperature for the last 5 years is at 14.68oC and the maximum temperature averaged to 23.6oC. Table 7: Climatological Data 2010-2014 TEMPERATURE ºC Vapor Relative Wind Cloud Days Days RAINFALL # of w/ w/ MONTH Rain /YEAR Humidity Speed Cover (mm) y Max Min Mean Dry Wet Dew Pressure Direction Thunder Drizzle % (mps) (octas) Days Bulb Bulb Pt. storm 2010 3232 182 25.4 14 17.9 19 18 16 20 86 1008 SE 11 7 128 2011 4033 190 23.6 14.4 19.0 19 18 17 19 88 995 NW 17 6 74 2012 111 26 22 15 19 21 18 19 20 85 20 5 5 3 10 2013 3428 194 24 15 20 20 18 18 20 88 152 15 6 108 75 2014 Jan 0 0 20.9 10.6 15.7 15.5 14.0 13.1 14.97 86 0 0 4 0 0 Feb 0 5 22.4 12.5 12.5 17.3 15.9 15.2 17.03 88 140 10 5 0 0 Mar 5.9 8 24.1 13.9 13.9 18.9 17.4 16.6 19.37 87 140 12 4 2 0 Apr 126.3 19 24.4 15.9 15.9 20.1 18.9 18.3 20.62 90 0 0 5 13 4 May 213 20 25.0 16.6 16.6 20.9 19.5 18.9 21.95 88 0 0 5 22 15 Jun 401.7 27 23.5 16.5 16.5 20.0 19.1 18.6 21.95 92 180 14 7 13 12 Jul 449.2 27 22.8 16.1 16.1 19.6 18.8 18.5 20.62 93 110 17 7 16 7 Aug 527.9 23 22.5 16.0 16.0 19.2 18.3 17.8 20.62 92 250 15 7 11 6 Sep 980.4 26 23.2 16.1 16.1 19.5 18.5 18.1 20.62 92 140 30 7 13 9 Oct 107.1 23 23.6 15.8 15.8 19.7 18.4 17.8 20.62 89 90 10 6 10 8 Nov 39.20 13 24.1 15.1 15.1 19.4 17.6 16.8 19.37 85 110 13 5 3 1 Dec 9.5 7 23.5 14.6 14.6 18.5 16.6 15.6 18.17 84 140 15 5 0 1 Annual / 2860 198 23 15 15 19 18 17 20 89 108 11 6 103 63 Ave.

Table 8: Monthly Rainfall (2006-2014) Rainfall (mm) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 January 160.6 -0.1 24.0 8.0 trace 94 1.4 11.4 0 February 8.8 0.6 97.0 64.5 trace 13.8 2.5 268 0 March 38.4 31.8 78.7 82.9 15.3 88.9 2.6 63.6 5.9 April 29.6 25.4 149.8 407.3 148.6 11.9 1.7 70.3 126.3 May 266.5 308.6 839.8 398.5 242.6 462.5 11.2 338.7 213 June 188.2 358.4 19.0 810.0 254 529.1 15.6 232.8 401.7 July 1,770 219 681.2 758.4 543.7 435.9 18.8 368.2 449.2 August 735.8 1,202 999.5 1087.7 536.6 1096.3 44.8 1220.4 527.9 September 207.6 408.4 761.0 516.9 296.8 819.2 9.2 590.1 980.4 October 316 410.3 178.1 1981.8 920.1 332.4 2.1 240 107.1 November 72.4 444.8 82.6 22.2 226.4 81.6 1.33 ND 39.20 December 43.2 21.6 trace 0 57.4 67.4 0.1 23.6 9.5

Table 9: Comparative Monthly Minimum Temperature (°C), 2006-2014 Month 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 11.2 9.0 14.1 12.9 12.2 12.3 13.1 12.4 10.6 Feb 11.0 9.6 13.4 14.8 12.6 12.6 13.6 13.4 12.5 March 13.0 13 14.3 16.0 12.4 13.5 15.2 15.0 13.9 April 14.4 14.2 15.9 16.0 14.6 14.1 15.6 16.2 15.9 May 15.2 15.4 15.7 16.3 15.0 15.5 16.2 16.4 16.6 June 15.0 16.0 16.4 16.6 15.6 15.5 17.3 16.6 16.5 July 15.2 15.4 16.2 16.4 15.2 15.2 17.0 15.9 16.1 Aug 15.4 15.0 16.0 16.8 15.2 15.3 17.0 15.7 16.0 Sept 15.2 14.8 16.2 16.9 14.8 15.1 17.5 15.8 16.1 Oct 13.8 14.4 16.3 15.3 13.4 14.8 15.1 14.7 15.8 Nov 13.0 10.4 15.9 15.2 14.2 14.8 13.1 ND 15.1 Dec 12.8 11.8 14.0 12.9 12.2 14.3 13.2 14.4 14.6 Average 13.8 13.3 15.4 15.5 14.0 14.4 15.3 15.1 15

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 10: Comparative Monthly Maximum Temperature (°C) (2006-2014) Month 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 26 25.4 23.4 22.8 24.8 22.8 22.4 23.7 20.9 Feb 27.2 26.8 22.4 24.3 26.4 23.7 22 25.5 22.4 March 26.4 27.8 23.7 24.7 28.2 24.4 22.7 25.5 24.1 April 27.6 28 24.4 23.7 22.8 25.7 22 26.8 24.4 May 27.4 26.6 22.9 23.5 27.6 25 22.9 25.1 25.0 June 26 27.2 23.9 22.1 27.8 23.6 22.8 24.4 23.5 July 26.2 26.4 22.3 22.4 26.4 22.3 22 24.1 22.8 Aug 25.4 26 22.1 22.9 25.8 22.6 20.4 22.3 22.5 Sept 26 25.6 22.8 22.3 26.4 22.3 22.4 23.2 23.2 Oct 25.2 27.2 23.9 21.8 26 22.8 22.2 22.4 23.6 Nov 25.8 25.2 23.7 24.4 25 24 19.9 ND 24.1 Dec 25.4 25.6 23.5 23.3 27.2 23.8 20.6 23 23.5 Average 26.2 26.5 23.3 23.2 26.2 23.58 21.9 24.9 23 Source: PAGASA Station 11

Climate projections in 2020 and 2050 in Benguet The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) projection under the medium range-range emission scenario show that expectedly, temperature and rainfall will change. Heavy daily rainfall will continue to become more frequent, extreme rainfall is projected to increase in Luzon and Visayas only, but number of dry days is expected to increase in all parts of the country in 2020 and 2050.Table below show the trend of change in temperature and rainfall in 2020 and 2050 in Benguet Province.

Table II: Seasonal Temperature Increases (in oC) in 2020 and 2050 OBSERVED Baseline (1971-2000) CHANGE in 2020 (2006-2035) CHANGE in 2050 (2036-2065) DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON Benguet 19.4 21.9 22.0 21.20 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.9

Table 12: Seasonal Rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 OBSERVED Baseline (1971-2000) CHANGE in 2020 (2006-2035) CHANGE in 2050 (2036-2065) DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON Benguet 47.7 422.3 1734.9 931.8 8.0 0.2 31.6 21.7 -6.0 -26.7 63.1 21.8 Source: PAGASA

Balili River Balili River failed. Balili River has its headwaters at Sagudin River located within barangay Trancoville in Baguio City. Tributary creeks coming from the barangays of Pacdal, Cabinet Hill, New Lucban, Honeymoon, Guisad, and Sto. Niño (formerly Slaughter) nourish Sagudin River. All the aforementioned tributary creeks converges and flows downstream converging with the waters from La Trinidad, Benguet, in what is known as Balili River, passing through Sablan and drains into Upper Naguilian River as one of the major tributaries.

Balili River as per assessment in 1975 is still classified as a “Class A” river. But technically it has “failed to meet the water quality criteria as per assessment as a ‘Class A’ river. Class A is intended for public water supply, which means that with a little treatment, the water could be used for drinking. Through the years, this condition continuously deteriorated. (EMB, 2010)

From 2004 to 2014, water quality monitoring reports of Balili River in the past ten years show that the condition of the Balili River along the Baguio side exceeded the acceptable benchmark levels in terms of acidity, dissolved oxygen, Total Suspended Solids and Biological Oxygen Demand. This means that the river waters are already polluted as it enters the boundaries of La Trinidad.

In 2014, much more suspended solids were observed from Trancoville Bridge at 42 mg/l. However, suspended solids from Bell Church Bridge and Capitol Bridge has decreased to 38 mg/l and 17 mg/l respectively as compared to the previous years. The pollution parameters has also decreased where it was expected to worsen as it flows through Balili River at the Capitol Bridge. Total suspended solids in Pinespark Bridge has also slightly decreased to 74 mg/l from 92.5 mg/l in 2013.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

The same parameters exceed benchmark figures along the La Trinidad area especially during the dry season. Findings on Total Dissolved Solids and the Biological oxygen Demand are below the standard. In summary, water quality assessment show the Dissolved Oxygen, the Total Suspended Solids, except for the Dissolved Solids failed to meet the water quality criteria as a “Class A” river. Continuous advocacy, protection, regulation in sanitation, and rehabilitation programs for the Balili River are desired for its headwaters in nearby Baguio City and likewise within the municipality itself.

Table 13: Balili River Quality, 2006-2014 Water Quality Indicator Total Suspended Solids (standard value: 50mg/l) Sampling Station/yr. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Trancoville Bridge, Baguio 13 55 33.5 33.67 27.5 39.25 17.13 39.00 42 Bell Church, La Trinidad 38 33.7 38 57.32 - 28 110.8 0 38 Capitol Bridge, La Trinidad 28 8.33 30 51.33 34.75 20.75 7.37 133.25 17 Pinespark Bridge ------92.5 74 Total Dissolved Solids (standard value: 1,000 mg/l) Trancoville Bridge 207 374.7 307 259.33 293.5 295.8 265.3 318.75 303 Bell Church, La Trinidad 191 387 312 - - 319.3 321.3 0 301 Capitol Bridge, La Trinidad 198 325.7 258.8 318.33 325 227.8 270.8 271.75 290 Pinespark Bridge ------256.50 298 Biological Oxygen Demand (standard value: 5 mg/l) Trancoville Bridge 28 85 16.3 7 41.33 45.50 106 47.25 56 Bell Church, La Trinidad 30 26.7 49 - - 34 60 0 26 Capitol Bridge, La Trinidad 12 24 47 12 42 14.67 0 21.75 10 Pinespark Bridge ------62.25 42 Source: EMB-CAR

Air Quality Except for the valley floor area, air quality in the municipality is characterized as generally fair, below the Total Suspended Particle (TSP) standard of 230 µg/Ncm. In the urban area, sand, dust and smoke emissions are the primary pollutants. The heavy volume of traffic contributes to heavy amounts of carbon monoxide and particulates. In the rural areas, unpaved roads are the main source of dust and sand particles.

Air quality monitoring in 2014, stationed at the Municipal Park and at the Capitol grounds, it shows that on the average, the air quality seem to have improved from unhealthy in 2013 to fair. Though there was an improvement, there is still a risk for sensitive people with asthma and similar lung problems. Heavy traffic conditions causing smoke emissions at the Public Market, and the dust, due to the dry weather, make the air quality unhealthy to sensitive groups.

Table 14: Air Quality (2012 - 2014) Year 2012 2013 2014 Total Total Sampling Air Air Air Quality Suspended Suspended Station Results Station Quality Quality 3 Index Particulates Particulates (ug/m ) (µg/Ncm) Index (µg/Ncm) Index Ave.: 79 Fair Market km5 Ave: 77.75 Good Ave: 50 Good Mun. Park at Police Min: 48 Good Min: 36 Good Km. 5 Pico, Min.: 64 Fair Station Max: 155 Fair Max: 64 Fair La Trinidad Max.: 94 Fair Ave: 55.75 Good Ave: 99.75 Good Ave.: 113 Fair Foot of Prov’l Min: 37 Good Min: 74 Good Capitol Min.: 81 Fair Capitol Grounds, Unhealthy Waiting Shed Max: 77 Good Max: 123 Fair Poblacion Max.: 156 for sensitive groups Source: EMB-CAR * For Sensitive Persons

Geology & Seismicity The municipality is vulnerable to geologic hazards, as indicated in Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau - DENR survey maps. This is attributed to the presence of active fault lines along the branches of the northern segment of the Philippine fault line zone. These active fault lines triggers seismic movements of the fault splays within the municipality. 7

La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Due to the active fault line and extreme rainfall, La Trinidad is classified as highly vulnerable to geologic hazards such as landslides and erosions. With the Philippine Fault Zone traversing the municipality, it is probable that it can experience movement due to sudden slips along the fault lines influencing the area. In addition, the municipality’s rugged terrain, geologic composition makes it susceptible to ground movements.

Major tectonic faults identified in the Cordillera Region include the Mirador Fault and systems of faulting are found to the east and west of the municipality. The Mirador Fault is theoretically capable of producing an earthquake of a magnitude of about 6.5 which is equivalent to the energy release of an atomic bomb. The fault line in La Trinidad comes from the southeast passing through Poblacion following the Bolo Creek towards the northwest.

Several fault lines have been observed within the area. They are generally oriented in the north-northwest directions, trending essentially parallel to the Luzon Central Cordillera (Diegor, 1979). The two most notable splays of the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) affecting the area are the Digdig Fault that is located east of Benguet and extends to Nueva Viscaya and the Tuba River Fault that passes through Camp 1, Tuba, Benguet and extends towards La Union Province. The other splays of importance are the Tebbo Fault located south of Benguet and the Pugo Fault passing through west central La Union.

The July 16, 1990 earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 in the Ritcher scale shook Luzon, wrecking havoc from Nueva Ecija to Benguet. This was caused by a sudden slip along the Digdig Fault in north Central Luzon. A 125-km stretch length of the fault ruptured, with displacement averaging 4 meters. The Phivolcs reported two earthquakes lately. In April 14, 2015, 07:55 a.m., an earthquake measured 16.53o North, 120.700 East with a depth of 011 kms., magnitude 3.5 located 018 km N 41° E of Baguio City. Another was on April 16, 2015 at around 6:05 p.m. which measured 16.54o North, 120.65o East, Depth of 022 kms. magnitude 3.8 located 016 km N 20° E of Baguio City. There were no reported damages after the earthquake.

Drainage and Flooding The natural drainage of the La Trinidad valley area is the Balili River. During strong rains, the Balili River and its tributaries are filled up with silt coming from the erosion of slopes from the mountainsides, which causes the water bodies to swell and flood the valley area and along the banks of the Balili River and its tributaries downstream.

Drainage facilities along the highway in the urban area consist of manhole drop inlets with interceptors that cross the roadway. Existing underground drainage system, curbs and gutters are also found along the national road, inefficient in conveying run-offs from the adjoining residential and commercial areas towards the Balili River during periods of small rainfall.

During periods of heavy rainfall, the valley floor, most especially in the strawberry farms of Betag, Pico, and Poblacion experience flooding. Downstream, in the outskirts of the valley, swelling of the tributaries of the Balili River cause flooding in farmlands, and destruction of properties.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Landslide Hazards

Latest studies conducted by the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau shows that the municipality is susceptible to landslides especially in areas where slopes are steep and residential build-up is occurring. These highly susceptible and critical areas are found in Pico, Balili, Ambiong, Tawang, Bineng, Puguis, and Wangal.

In the 2009 experience of continuous rainfall brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng, massive landslides occurred in barangays Puguis and Poblacion, claiming many precious lives, and destroying homes. In areas along the waterways, many farm lots were destroyed and carried off by the floodwaters. Considering the hazardous characteristic of the municipality, much care must be taken in considering future developments in order to protect lives, property, and the livelihood of the farmers.

Land Use Residential land use accounts for the largest share in urban land use. However, commercial land use is expected to have the highest demand in urban areas given the municipality’s growing roles as a commercial, educational and agro-tourism center in the province. Interspersed within residential areas, the commercial area is concentrated along the Baguio- Bontoc national highway. It is expected that most of the residential buildings along this road shall be used for commercial space in the near future. The urban built up has spread at Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan and Alapang, putting pressure for the population to seek housing sites in their less populated areas.

Special use for irrigation, power and relay stations, sewerage and waste management facilities is likewise expected to increase, as population grows even more rapidly.

Institutional use is principally for schools, welfare homes, orphanages, home for the aged, rehabilitation and training centers, military camp, day care centers. Schools are largely concentrated in urban loop road. While de-concentration efforts have made to site new high schools in the outskirts of the built-up area. And several day care centers are found in all barangays. More populous and larger barangays find the need to site their day care center nearer to the homes of the populace. While private schools now are mushrooming, most, with very little space for their students to move around.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

If the protection of communal and forested areas in Alapang, Puguis, Wangal, Ambiong, Shilan, Bineng and Alno will continue, squatting in these areas may still be abated. Relief is felt at the Puguis Communal Forest as the municipal government won its case versus individual claimants along the paved Longlong-Tam-awan road. The establishment of the actual metes and bounds of the forest in the ground level shall also assist the government in abating professional squatters from entering into the protected area.

Special Agricultural & Fisheries Development Zones especially the strawberry and cut flower gardens in Betag, Ambiong, and Bahong has to be continually protected to ensure sustainable agricultural development in the municipality. With the advent of the new Trading Post, it is expected that commercial establishment will mushroom into the existing souvenir shops in the area.

Special land uses for future cemeteries and the garbage disposal facility have to be carefully cited and regulated. As of this writing, an area has been purchased by the municipal government for a public cemetery in Shilan. In terms of the Solid Waste Management Facilities at Alno, residential houses have mushroomed near the site and are exposed to geological and health hazards posed from the disposal facility.

The move to develop parks and recreation facilities, without undue sacrifice to the green environment will provide additional economic opportunities to the municipality.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Municipality of La Trinidad Existing Land Use Map

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

General Land Use

Table 15: Existing General Land Use 2014 Percentage to LAND USE Area (Sq. Km.) Area (hectares) Total Agricultural 35.2408 3,524.08 43.62% Agro-tourism 2.9603 296.03 3.66% Institutional 6.7262 672.62 8.33% Residential 7.6924 769.24 9.52% Industrial 0.0008 0.08 0.00% Commercial 0.8665 86.65 1.07% Tourism 0.0229 2.29 0.03% Utilities & Transportation Services 0.1063 10.63 0.13% Road Network 1.0512 105.12 1.30% Forest 20.0198 2,001.98 24.78% Communal Forest 1.6309 163.09 2.02% Watershed 2.7237 272.37 3.37% Parks & Recreational Spaces 0.6697 66.97 0.83% Bodies of Water 0.8864 88.64 1.10% Special Use Cemeteries 0.0983 9.83 0.12% Sanitary Landfill 0.0985 9.85 0.12% TOTAL 80.79 8,079.5 Source: GIS computed via Google, Actual GPS readings, Cadastral Survey, LMS-DENR-CAR, NAMRIA

Built-up Area The built-up areas are the area of the residential (9.52%) and commercial (1.07%) or a total of 10.59% of the total land area of the Municipality. With urbanization, it is expected to increase during the next ten years.

Agricultural Land Approximately 3,524.08 hectares or 44% of the total land area of the municipality is classified as agricultural lands. The total cultivated area is 2,993.33 hectares wherein 1,855.75 hectares are estimated as irrigated. With commercial land use putting pressure on agricultural land use, it is also expected that agricultural land will decrease. Those areas cultivated with strawberries and cut flowers shall remain as the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ) at 259.80 hectares as promulgated in RA 9435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act 1997.

Tourism Areas The Strawberry Fields and Cut flower gardens are considered areas of significant value for tourism. The municipality has become one of the major tourist destinations not only in the Province of Benguet, but also in the country with its vast cut flower gardens and sprawling strawberry fields. Known as the former “Salad Bowl of the Philippines”, it is now known as the “Strawberry Fields of the Philippines” and barangay Bahong as the “Rose Garden of the Philippines”. Accomplishments have placed La Trinidad in the Guinness Book of Records as the maker of the largest strawberry cake.

Forest Land Forestland occupies a considerable area of 2,437.44 hectares, comprising of approximately 30.17 % of the total Municipal land area. It is classified into timberlands, grassland, communal forests and watersheds as identified by the LMS-DENR-CAR and the NAMRIA. La Trinidad boasts of four (4) Communal Forests at Alapang, Alno, Puguis and Shilan, occupying a total are of 163.09 hectares. The Watershed areas are found in Busol, Ambiong and the Shelpi Watershed in Wangal with a total land area of 272.37 hectares.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Other land uses Special uses such as cemeteries and sanitary landfill comprise 19.68 hectares. Water bodies comprise 88.64 hectares. Parks and Recreational spaces comprise 66.97 hectares.

Urban Land Use Table 16: Existing Urban Land Use, 2014 Land Use Category Area (has) % Agricultural 1,427.08 39% Institutional 613.67 17% Forest 561.34 15% Residential 520.48 14% Watershed 183.34 5% Parks and Recreational Space 66.91 2% Bodies of Water 38.97 1% Agro-tourism 51.52 1% Commercial 69.8 2% Communal Forest 49.58 1% Cemeteries 9.12 0% Road Network 69.74 2% Tourism 23.7 1% Utilities, Transportation & 2.71 0.001 Services Total 3,677.96 100% Source: GIS computed via google, cadastral survey, actual GPS reading

The existing total urban area of the municipality is 3.677.96 has. Agricultural land area covers 1,427.08 hectares or 39% of the total Urban Land Area. Institutional is at 613.67 hectares or 17%. Forest (timberland) covers a total area of 561.34 hectares or 15% of the total urban land area.

Residential Use occupies an area of 520.48 hectares of the urban area and is expected to increase for the next ten years.

Commercial use is concentrated alongside the Baguio-Bontoc National Highway, occupying an area of 69.80 hectares. Institutional areas occupy 613.67 hectares of the urban area. These include all lands occupied by Government Buildings, schools, hospitals and the Benguet State University.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

The Infrastructure category which includes road network in the urban area occupies 69.74 hectares and is expected also to expand due to new road openings and construction of new infrastructures. Rivers and Creeks or Bodies of Water in the urban area occupy 38.97 hectares.

Land Acquisition and Distribution, and Land Use Conversion In terms of land acquisition and distribution, there was a total area of 223 hectares, from 2002 to 2010, which were submitted for Voluntary Land Transfer. And another conglomerate area of 31.74 hectares were submitted and recommended for Certificate of Land Ownership Award generation/distribution, under the Agrarian Reform Program. This program ended in 2010.

In terms of land use conversion, a conglomerate area of 61.36 hectares, from 2003 to 2013, were recommended for approval. Records in 2003 show the highest area for land use conversion at 16.85 hectares, while in 2013, only 0.36 hectares of land were recommended for land conversion. In 2014, there are 4.07 hectares of land conversions recorded by the Provincial Agrarian Reform Office.

Table 17: Land Acquisition (in hectares) under Agrarian Reform Program (2005-2014) YEAR/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 TOTAL PROGRAM Land Acquisition & Distribution (LAD) 1. Voluntary 6.43 12.96 3.37 - 2.60 186.43 - - - - 186.43 Land Transfer 2. CLOA 6.58 12.96 - 2.20 - 4.24 - - - - 25.98 Non-LAD 1. Land Use 7.59 7.62 9.10 0.15 10.50 0.25 5.10 0.96 0.36 4.07 65.43 Conversion Source: MARO Accomplishment Reports, 2005-2014

Land Classification The Land Management Section of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources reports that only Barangay Cruz has an approved Cadastral Map. The fifteen other barangays needs corrections and refinements. But up to this date, no follow-up project is underway.

The Community Environment & Natural Resources Office reports that 1,737 hectares are Alienable and Disposal Lands, while the total timberland area consists of 4,403 hectares.

Real Property Assessment In 2002, a total of 6,675.45 hectares was recorded for real property assessment and taxation. This increased to 8,176.83 hectares in 2012 which has decreased to 8,071.21 hectares in 2013. It was noticed that there is a slight increase of 39.67 due to reversion from other uses to agricultural and other land conversions. Revisions or corrections of tax declarations, wherein 70.00% are classified as agricultural, 7.00% as residential, 1% as commercial, 0.0% as industrial, 15.00% is government which decreased from 16% in 2013, and other uses at 7%.

In 2005, 27,153 parcels of land and 5,167 buildings were declared for taxation purposes. This increased to 39,441 parcels of land and 10,511 buildings in 2013. In 2014, there was a decrease of 3,943 for land and 201 for buildings. According to the Municipal Assessor’s Office, the decrease was due to the result of the implementation of Section 219 of R.A. 7160 or the 2010 General Revision Act.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 18: Land Area by Classification as to Real Property Assessment

Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 Land area (has) Area % Area % Agricultural 5,556.69 5,747.97 5,666.63 75 5,698.24 70 Residential 545.47 552.47 551.17 7 550.37 7 Commercial 74.44 74.46 1 74.38 1 Industrial 10.55 10.55 10.55 0 10.55 0 Government 1,224.61 1,216.17 1,201.05 16 1,199.00 15 Other Land Uses 633.52 575.27 567.35 1 578.35 7 Total 7,970.84 8,176.83 8,071.21 100 8,110.88 100 Source: Municipal Assessor’s Office

Table 19: Declared Real Properties Real Property Units 2005 2011 2012 2013 2014 Land 27,153 37,154 38,878 39,441 35,498 Buildings 5,167 9,631 10,333 10,511 10,310 Source: Municipal Assessor’s Office

Ancestral Land According to the ancestral land claims of the native people of La Trinidad, the whole of La Trinidad is owned by the Ibalois and “can be subject to application for ancestral land ownership”. The balance between the reality of the different land uses in the municipality and the claims of the heirs of our ancestors has to be weighed wisely. Several issues have to be addressed by the proper government agencies to give what is due to the indigenous peoples and to consider the development needs of the municipality.

III. DEMOGRAPHY

Population Growth, 1903-2010 Over the past century, the population growth rate in the municipality has always been very high compared to the whole country. This is due to the high rate of in-migration into the municipality. This attraction to stay in La Trinidad is due to comparatively higher socio-economic opportunities than its neighboring municipalities, and because of Baguio City’s spill over population.

In the last May 2010 Census, the population of La Trinidad was 107,188 persons, growing at 3.09%. In the previous census of 2007, the population was 97,810 or 24,636 households with a growth rate of oddly, 5.34%. The previous growth rate from 1995-2000, was at only 1.51%, while the past growth rates of the municipality shows a growth rate of more than 4% since the 1970’s. Taking a more realistic growth rate by averaging the four growth rates of the past four census years, we derive an average growth rate of 3.83% as basis for projected populations.

Adopting the 3.83% growth rate, a projected population for year 2013 is 119,989 persons with 29,997 households. While the expected time for the population to double will be in 2028, after 18.3 years. Efforts have to be addressed to abate the growth that is most probably due to high in-migration rates that will put more pressure for the government in the provision of goods and services.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

120000 107,188 97,810 P 100000 O P 80000 U 67,963 63,089 L 60000 A 48,523 T 40000 I 28,713 22,732 O 18,551 N 20000 12,415 6,554 7,994 267 3,013 0 Census Yr. 1903 1918 1930 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010

Growth Rate 17.5 6.5 1.1 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.8 5.39 5.39 1.51 5.34 3.09

The barangays of Pico, Balili, and Poblacion are the most populated barangays. Tawang is the fourth most populated followed by Puguis and Betag. Bineng, Alno, Beckel, are the least populated barangays. The expansion of economic activities in the more populated barangays of Pico, Betag, Balili, Puguis, and Poblacion is pushing the people of La Trinidad to situate themselves in the less urbanized areas. In fact, in terms of population growth rates, Wangal exhibits the highest population growth rate, at 7.02, followed by Lubas, Tawang and Ambiong. Barangays Wangal, Ambiong, Lubas, and Tawang have in recent years, also become new residential areas. Surprisingly, the dense barangays of Balili and Poblacion exhibit negative growth rates in Census years 2007 to 2010. Even Beckel also registered negative growth.

Table 20: Population Growth Rate by Barangay and Municipal (1990-2010) INTERCENSAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE BRGY/yr. 1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2007 2007-2010 GROWTH RATES Alapang 6.8 0.69 4.023 4.77 4.07 Alno 3.4 4.47 0.760 3.96 3.15 Ambiong 2.5 4.61 7.718 6.74 5.39 Bahong 2 0.22 4.184 6.50 3.23 Balili 8.6 0.79 8.484 -1.31 4.14 Beckel 3.7 1.01 2.561 -0.86 1.60 Betag 2.8 -0.74 1.570 3.25 1.72 Bineng 5.9 3.92 0.387 4.26 3.62 Cruz 10.3 -0.92 1.835 5.82 4.26 Lubas 10.3 4.03 5.782 6.70 6.70 Pico 3.7 1.02 6.027 3.30 3.51 Poblacion 4.2 2.42 5.789 -0.10 3.08 Puguis 4 0.21 6.309 3.02 3.39 Shilan 2.7 0.45 2.645 8.19 3.50 Tawang 7.8 6.87 3.907 5.81 6.10 Wangal 10.2 3.11 9.582 5.17 7.02 Municipal 5.39 1.5/r 5.34/r 3.09 3.83 Source: NSO, MPDO computations, /r: revised from previous computations

Due to its distance from the center, Bineng and Alno, have been slow growing barangays. While Bahong, is growing faster, converting its gardens to residential lots as experienced by Ambiong in the recent years. Shilan, likewise growing faster, and being the gateway to the north, is the next expansion area for commercial and residential activities.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Computed at a growth rate of 3.83%, population projections show that the municipality will reach the 150,000 mark by year 2019. Pico (using its own growth rate) is also expected to reach almost 25,000 in that same year.

Table 21: Population: Census years 1975-2010 BARANGAY/ CENSUS YR 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 Alapang 938 1,058 1,887 2,665 2,752 3,627 4,171 Alno 954 886 1,177 1,408 1,727/c 1,821 2,046 Ambiong 708 894 2,245 2,543 3,139 5,282 6,423 Bahong 1,490 1,514 2,660 2,969 3,000 3,997 4,828 Balili 2,099 3,031 5,856 9,122 9,463 16,734 16,086 Beckel 1,514 1,725 2,338 2,833 2,969 3,544 3,453 Betag 2,026 2,296 4,992 5,789 5,591 6,235 6,863 Bineng 590 669 810 1,067 1,277 1,312 1,487 Cruz 927 1,140 1,617 2,730 2,615 2,970 3,519 Lubas 629 842 1,509 2,582 3,105 4,602 5,591 Pico 4,097 5,342 8,661 10,497 11,005 16,577 18,271 Poblacion 2,563 3,427 5,213 6,411 7,167 10,627 10,594 Puguis 1,366 2,061 3,424 4,228 4,269 6,551 7,163 Shilan 1,520 1,817 2,422 2,789 2,848 3,419 4,330 Tawang 638 1,202 2,361 3,529 4,813 6,294 7,456 Wangal 673 809 1,144 1,927 2,223 4,218 4,907 Municipal 22,732 28,713 48,326 63,089 67,963/c 97,810 107,188 /c: corrected; Source: NSO

Table 22: Estimated Population by Barangay (2012-2020) BRGY/ Census Projected Population (2011-2020) YEAR 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2020 Alapang 4,171 4,517 4,701 4,893 5,092 5,299 5,515 5,973 6,216 Alno 2,046 2,177 2,245 2,316 2,389 2,464 2,542 2,704 2,789 Ambiong 6,423 7,134 7,519 7,924 8,351 8,802 9,276 10,303 10,859 Bahong 4,828 5,144 5,310 5,482 5,659 5,841 6,030 6,425 6,632 Balili 16,086 17,446 18,169 18,921 19,705 20,521 21,371 23,177 24,137 Beckel 3,453 3,565 3,622 3,680 3,739 3,798 3,859 3,984 4,048 Betag 6,863 7,101 7,223 7,348 7,474 7,602 7,733 8,002 8,139 Bineng 1,487 1,597 1,654 1,714 1,776 1,840 1,907 2,047 2,121 Cruz 3,519 3,825 3,988 4,158 4,335 4,519 4,712 5,122 5,340 Lubas 5,591 6,366 6,793 7,248 7,734 8,252 8,806 10,026 10,698 Pico 18,271 19,576 20,264 20,975 21,712 22,474 23,263 24,925 25,800 Poblacion 10,594 11,256 11,602 11,959 12,327 12,706 13,097 13,915 14,343 Puguis 7,163 7,656 7,915 8,183 8,460 8,747 9,043 9,665 9,993 Shilan 4,330 4,638 4,800 4,968 5,142 5,322 5,508 5,900 6,106 Tawang 7,456 8,393 8,905 9,447 10,023 10,635 11,283 12,701 13,475 Wangal 4,907 5,620 6,014 6,436 6,888 7,371 7,888 9,034 9,667 Municipal 107,188 115,561 119,989 124,588 129,362 134,320 139,467 150,361 156,124 Source of basic data: NSO, Census 2010

Households per Barangay

At an average of four members per household, it is estimated that there are about 29,997 households for 2013. Bineng has the least number of households at 414, and Pico, the highest number at 5,066. Estimates up to year 2020 are shown in the following table.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 23: Estimated Number of Households by Barangay (2011-2020) BRGY/YEAR 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Alapang 1,085 1,129 1,175 1,223 1,273 1,325 1,379 1,435 1,493 1,554 Alno 528 544 561 579 597 616 635 655 676 697 Ambiong 1,692 1,784 1,880 1,981 2,088 2,200 2,319 2,444 2,576 2,715 Bahong 1,246 1,286 1,328 1,370 1,415 1,460 1,507 1,556 1,606 1,658 Balili 4,188 4,362 4,542 4,730 4,926 5,130 5,343 5,564 5,794 6,034 Beckel 877 891 905 920 935 950 965 980 996 1,012 Betag 1,745 1,775 1,806 1,837 1,868 1,901 1,933 1,967 2,000 2,035 Bineng 385 399 414 429 444 460 477 494 512 530 Cruz 917 956 997 1,039 1,084 1,130 1,178 1,228 1,280 1,335 Lubas 1,491 1,591 1,698 1,812 1,933 2,063 2,201 2,349 2,506 2,674 Pico 4,728 4,894 5,066 5,244 5,428 5,618 5,816 6,020 6,231 6,450 Poblacion 2,730 2,814 2,901 2,990 3,082 3,177 3,274 3,375 3,479 3,586 Puguis 1,851 1,914 1,979 2,046 2,115 2,187 2,261 2,337 2,416 2,498 Shilan 1,120 1,160 1,200 1,242 1,285 1,330 1,377 1,425 1,475 1,527 Tawang 1,978 2,098 2,226 2,362 2,506 2,659 2,821 2,993 3,175 3,369

Wangal 1,313 1,405 1,504 1,609 1,722 1,843 1,972 2,110 2,258 2,417

Municipal 27,824 28,890 29,997 31,147 32,341 33,580 34,867 36,203 37,590 39,031 Source: MPDO Estimates

Barangay Density & Population The municipal population density in 2000 was 8 persons per hectare and this increased to 13 persons per hectare in 2010. Still from Census 2007 data, the average household size is (3.94 rounded off to) 4 persons, one member slightly lower than during Census 2000. The densest barangays are Balili and Poblacion. The least dense barangays are Alno, Bineng, and Wangal.

Table 24: Comparative Population Density (1990 -2010, Census Years) YEAR POPULATION DENSITY (persons per square km) BARANGAY 1990/c 1995/c 2000/c 2007/c 2010 Alapang 9.38 13.24 13.68 18.03 21 Alno 1.23 1.47 1.80 1.90 2 Ambiong 6.56 7.44 9.18 15.44 19 Bahong 4.05 4.52 4.56 6.08 7 Balili 49.20 76.64 79.51 140.60 135 Beckel 2.46 2.98 3.12 3.73 4 Betag 31.81 36.89 35.63 39.73 44 Bineng 0.98 1.29 1.55 1.59 2 Cruz 28.70 48.16 46.13 52.39 62 Lubas 6.27 10.73 12.91 19.13 23 Pico 26.30 31.87 33.41 50.33 55 Poblacion 49.81 61.26 68.48 101.54 101 Puguis 3.35 4.14 4.18 6.41 7 Shilan 3.23 3.71 3.79 4.55 6 Tawang 9.54 14.25 19.44 25.42 30 Wangal 1.03 1.73 1.99 3.78 4 MUNICIPAL 5.98 7.81 8.41 12.11 13 *MPDO Computations ; /c: corrected

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Population by Sex and Age, Year 2000, 2007, and 2010 Comparing the age-sex pyramid in year 2000 and year 2007, it is observed that the young dependent group (0 to 14) is shrinking. This means that there is comparatively less young dependent population in year 2007 than in year 2000. In 2010, those between the ages of 0-4 years old, became even lesser as compared to 2007.

2000 2007

From Census 2007, the general sex ratio was 96.36%. This means that for every 100 females, there are 96 males. In the CBMS census 2010, the ratio was 99.17, this means that there are 99 males for every 100 females.

Table 22 shows the sex ratios by age group for NSO Census 2007. A ratio higher than 100 indicates that there is predominance of the male population in that group while less than 100 indicates a predominance of female population.

Thus, for the young age groups, 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years old, there are more males than females. Compared to the age groups of 15 -19, 20-24, 25-29, where there are more females than males. For ages 30 to 44, there are again more males than females. The same is true for the age group, 55- 59. For the rest of the older age groups, there are more females than males.

In 2010 NSO Census, there are more age groups where one finds a predominance of males as compared to 2007. These consist of age groups 0-4, 5-9, 30-34, 35-39 and age groups between 40-44 years old. Comparing the result of the CBMS Survey result from that of the NSO Census in 2010, the sex ratio of the CBMS is at 99.17 which means a nearly equal number of males to that of the females. NSO survey result show that there were 97 males for every 100 females.

Table 25: Population by Sex & Age Group, Census 2007 2007 Census Population (NS0) % to total Sex ratio Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Male Female 0-4 10,498 5,436 5,062 5.60% 5.21% 107.39 5-9 9,202 4,815 4,387 4.96% 4.52% 109.76 10-14 8,394 4,224 4,170 4.35% 4.29% 101.29 15-19 14,136 6,211 7,925 6.40% 8.16% 78.37

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

20-24 13,187 6,067 7,120 6.25% 7.33% 85.21 25-29 10,152 5,017 5,135 5.17% 5.29% 97.70 30-34 7,158 3,721 3,437 3.83% 3.54% 108.26 35-39 6,169 3,176 2,993 3.27% 3.08% 106.11 40-44 5,018 2,522 2,496 2.60% 2.57% 101.04 45-49 4,000 1,987 2,013 2.05% 2.07% 98.71 50-54 3,196 1,582 1,614 1.63% 1.66% 98.02 55-59 2,110 1,088 1,022 1.12% 1.05% 106.46 60-64 1,438 696 742 0.72% 0.76% 93.80 65-69 1,038 516 522 0.53% 0.54% 98.85 70-74 669 298 371 0.31% 0.38% 80.32 75-79 335 155 200 0.16% 0.21% 77.50 80+ 413 154 259 0.16% 0.27% 59.46 Total 97,113 47,665 49,468 49% 51% 96.36 Source: Census 2007

Table 26: Population by Age and Sex CBMS 2010 Age Group 2010 CBMS Census Population % to total Sex ratio Both Sexes Male Female Male Female 0 -4 8732 4501 4231 5.06% 4.75% 106.38 5-9 9323 4762 4561 5.35% 5.13% 104.41 10-14 8410 4244 4166 4.77% 4.68% 101.87 15-19 10506 4820 5686 5.42% 6.39% 84.77 20-24 10909 5026 5883 5.65% 6.61% 85.43 25-29 8614 4333 4281 4.87% 4.81% 101.21 30-34 7089 3679 3410 4.13% 3.83% 107.89 35-39 5538 2958 2580 3.32% 2.90% 114.65 40-44 4946 2587 2359 2.91% 2.65% 109.67 45-49 4242 2175 2067 2.44% 2.32% 105.22 50-54 3502 1758 1744 1.98% 1.96% 100.80 55-59 2534 1267 1267 1.42% 1.42% 100.00 60-64 1795 895 900 1.01% 1.01% 99.44 65-69 1139 568 571 0.64% 0.64% 99.47 70-74 798 362 436 0.41% 0.49% 83.03 75-79 459 201 258 0.23% 0.29% 77.91 80+ 454 173 281 0.19% 0.32% 61.57 Total 88990 44,309 44,681 0.50 0.50 99.17 Source: CBMS 2010

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 27: Population by Age & Sex Group, Census 2010 2010 Census Population % to Total % to Total Sex Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Male Female Ratio Under 1 2,197 1,168 1,029 1% 1.0% 113.51 1-4 8,899 4,569 4,330 4% 4.0% 105.52 5-9 10,542 5,514 5,028 5% 5.0% 109.67 10-14 9,728 4,858 4,870 5% 5.0% 99.75 15-19 12,387 5,724 6,663 5% 6.0% 85.91 20-24 13,017 6,042 6,975 6% 7.0% 86.62 25-29 10,833 5,322 5,511 5% 5.0% 96.57 30-34 8,776 4,442 4,334 4% 4.0% 102.49 35-39 7,124 3,662 3,462 3% 3.0% 105.78 40-44 6,298 3,215 3,083 3% 3.0% 104.28 45-49 5,112 2,524 2,588 2% 2.0% 97.53 50-54 4,028 1,987 2,041 2% 2.0% 97.35 55-59 2,855 1,425 1,430 1% 1.0% 99.65 60-64 1,969 952 1,017 1% 1.0% 93.61 65-69 1,229 563 666 1% 1.0% 84.53 70-74 854 394 460 0% 0.40% 85.65 75-79 476 207 269 0% 0.30% 76.95 80 years old and above 494 174 320 0% 0.30% 54.38 Total 106,818 52,742 54,076 49% 51% 97.53 Source: NSO 2010

Estimated Population by Age-Sex, 2013-2014 The largest age group is those who belong to ages 20-24 years old, followed by those who are 15-19 years old, and consecutively those who are 5-9 years old and the 0-4 years old.

Table 28: Estimated Population by Age and Sex, 2013-2014 Age 2013 2014 group Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female 0-4 11,774 6,069 5,705 12,225 6,302 5,923 5-9 12,571 6,421 6,150 13,052 6,667 6,386 10-14 11,340 5,722 5,617 11,774 5,942 5,832 15-19 14,166 6,499 7,667 14,709 6,748 7,961 20-24 14,709 6,777 7,932 15,273 7,037 8,236 25-29 11,615 5,842 5,772 12,060 6,066 5,993 30-34 9,558 4,961 4,598 9,925 5,151 4,774 35-39 7,467 3,988 3,479 7,753 4,141 3,612 40-44 6,669 3,488 3,181 6,925 3,622 3,303 45-49 5,720 2,933 2,787 5,939 3,045 2,894 50-54 4,722 2,370 2,352 4,903 2,461 2,442 55-59 3,417 1,708 1,708 3,548 1,774 1,774 60-64 2,420 1,207 1,214 2,513 1,253 1,260 65-69 1,536 766 770 1,595 795 799 70-74 1,076 488 588 1,117 507 610 75-79 619 271 348 643 281 361 80+ 612 233 379 636 242 393 MPDO Pop’n Estimates from Census 2010; assumption: disaggregation is the same as CBMS 2010

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Age Dependency In census 2000, the age dependency ratio is computed at 60.9. This means that for every 100 persons in the working age group, 61 persons are dependent on them. Potentially, 39.1% of the population can (between the ages 15 years old to less than 65 years old) contribute to the production of goods and services.

This situation changed in 2007, where the age dependency ratio decreased to 31.49, meaning that for every 100 persons, 32 persons are dependent, lesser than half of the figure in year 2000. Potentially, there are more people in 2007, 69 out of 100 persons who can contribute economically to the production of goods and services.

For 2010, the estimated age dependency ratio is 49, meaning, there are 49 persons dependent on every 100 persons. The young-age dependency ratio is 44.35, more than the figure in 2007, but less than the figure in 2000. 2014 projected dependency ratio show that there is an increase in the labor force of about 16% from that of the 2010 figure.

Table 29: Dependency Ratios, 2000- 2014 Dependency Ratios Census 2000 Census 2007 CBMS 2010 Est. Popn 2014* Young-age dependency ratio (0-14) 56.7 28.93 44.3 44.35 Old-age dependency ratio (65+) 4.1 2.56 4.80 4.77 Age dependency ratio 60.9 31.49 49.1 49.12 Working Age group (15-64) 39.1 68.54 50.9 67.06 *MPDO Estimates; Assumption: Disaggregation is based on CBMS 2010.

Median Age : 24.50 years old

The population has a median age of 24.50 years old. This means that half of the population belongs to the young population (below 24 years old).

Population by Religious Affiliation Census 2000 shows that the majority of the population are Roman Catholic at 67%. This is followed by the Philippine Episcopal Church at 12% and Evangelicals at 6%. In 2010, the percentage of Roman Catholics decreased to 64 %. Those who belong to the Philippine Episcopal Church decreased also to 4% and the Baptists at 2%.

Table 30: Population by Religious Affiliation, 2000, 2010 Yr. Year 2000/a Year 2010/b Religious Affiliation # % # % Aglipayan 20 0.03 100 0.11% Association of Baptist Churches 14 0.02 - - Association of Fundamental Baptist Church 426 0.63 - - Assembly of God - - 1,029 1.16% Born Again Christian - - 2,150 2.42% Bible Baptist 441 0.66 1,972 2.22% Buddhist 21 0.03 - - Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints 186 0.28 311 0.0035 Convention of the Philippine Baptist Church 457 0.68 - - Evangelicals 3,753 5.58 156 0.18% Iglesia Evangelista Methodista en Las Filipinas 136 0.2 - - Iglesia ni Cristo 1,140 1.7 1,895 2.13% Islam 113 0.17 324 0.36% Jehovah's Witnesses 987 1.47 951 1.07% KKMI 234 0.26% 234 0.26% Lutheran Church in the Philippines 668 0.99 421 0.47%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Nazarene - - 149 0.17% Other Baptist 282 0.42 - - Other Methodist 138 0.21 - - Other Protestant 1,044 1.55 913 1.03% Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association 284 0.42 - - Philippine Episcopal Church 8,217 12.22 15,772 4.34% Roman Catholic 45,314 67.4 57,016 64.07% Salvation Army, Philippines 9 0.01 - - Seventh Day Adventist 434 0.65 161 0.18% Southern Baptist 233 0.35 177 0.20% Tribal Religions 129 0.19 - - United Church of Christ in the Philippines 1,349 2.01 785 0.88% United Methodist Church 43 0.06 - - Unknown 197 0.29 2,485 2.79% Wesleyan 207 0.23% None 95 0.14 647 0.73% Other Religions 1,101 1.64 1,235 1.39% Total 67,231 89,090 Source: /aCensus 2000, /b CBMS 2010

Population by Ethnicity The original settlers of La Trinidad during the earliest part of its history are the Ibalois. During the census of year 2000, almost a third of the population or 30% are Kankanaey, 27% are Ilocanos and 23% are Ibaloi. The remaining 20% consists of 81 different ethnic groups found all over the country. In 2010, CBMS survey shows that the Kankanaey now comprise 43% of the population. The Ibalois consists of 26% of the population. The rest of the population are of several ethno-linguistic groups from Luzon to Mindanao, a melting pot of highland and lowland cultures.

Table 31: Population by Ethnicity, Census 2000 Ethnicity Both Sexes % Ethnicity Both Sexes % Aggay 14 0.02 Itneg 22 0.03 Akeanon/Aklanon 33 0.05 Kalinga 271 0.40 Apayao/Yapayao 27 0.04 Kankanai/Kankanaey 20,780 30.91 Applai 476 0.71 Kapampangan 129 0.19 Ayangan 59 0.09 Karao 12 0.02 Balangao/Baliwon 14 0.02 Kinalinga 10 0.01 Bikol/Bicol 58 0.09 Kiniray-a 13 0.02 Bisaya/Binisaya 127 0.19 Maranao 46 0.07 Bontok/Binontok 244 0.36 Masbateño/Masbatenon 11 0.02 Cebuano 44 0.07 Pangasinan/Panggalato 441 0.66 Hamtikanon 17 0.03 Surigaonon 412 0.61 Hiligaynon, Ilonggo 63 0.09 Tagalog 4,106 6.11 Ibaloi/Inibaloi 16,383 24.37 Tausug 18 0.03 Ibanag 18 0.03 Waray 13 0.02 Ibontoc 2,118 3.15 Other Local Ethnicity 185 0.28 Ifugao 747 1.11 Chinese 35 0.05 Ikalahan/Kalanguya 1,044 1.55 American/English 136 0.20 Ilocano 18,847 28.03 Other Foreign Ethnicity 19 0.03 Iranon 18 0.03 Not Reported 221 0.33

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 32: Population by Ethnicity, CBMS 2010 Indigenous Tribe Both Sexes % Indigenous Tribe Both Sexes % Aberling 8 0.01% Itawes 16 0.02% Aeta 77 0.09% Kabihug 6 0.01% Agta 7 0.01% Kalanguya 1,126 1.27% Applai 805 0.90% Kalinga 670 0.75% Aromanen 11 0.01% Kankanaey 38,450 43.21% Ati 10 0.01% Kapampangan 111 0.12% Ayangan 5 0.01% Karao 39 0.04% Badjao 9 0.01% Ifugao 34 0.04% Bago 985 1.11% Mandaya 14 0.02% Balangao 55 0.06% Mangyan 60 0.07% Batangeṅo 6 0.01% Manobo 11 0.01% Bicolano 94 0.11% Maranao 5 0.01% Bisaya 208 0.23% Moro 61 0.07% B'laan 11 0.01% Palawano 8 0.01% Boholano 13 0.01% Pangasinense 380 0.43% Bontoc 1,243 1.40% Samal 6 0.01% Bukidnon 15 0.02% Tagakaolo 5 0.01% Bulakeṅo 14 0.02% Tagalog 685 0.77% Cebuano 66 0.07% Tagbanua 25 0.03% Zamboangueño 6 0.01% Tarlakeṅo 5 0.01% Cimaron 5 0.01% Tausug 5 0.01% Gaddang 23 0.03% Teduray 8 0.01% Ibaloi 23,719 26.65% Tinguian 34 0.04% Ibanag 297 0.33% Ifugao-Tuwali 95 0.11% Ifugao 1,167 1.31% Waray 26 0.03% Igorot 747 0.84% Zambal 15 0.02% Ikalahan 47 0.05% Others 78 0.09% Ilocano 2,723 3.06% American 8 0.01% Ilonggo/ Bugkalot 69 0.08% Not Stated 1,098 1.23% Isinai 7 0.01% None 13,300 14.95% Isneg/ Itneg 154 0.17% Total 32,606 Source: CBMS 2010

In- Migration CBMS survey results show that in 2010, there was a total of 33,299 in-migrants in La Trinidad. More than one third of them or 35% are found in Pico, 19% are in Balili, and 7% are found in Poblacion. The in- migration rate of La Trinidad is very high at 292.67%.

Table 33: Number of Migrants by Barangay, 2010 Barangay Male Female Both Sexes % Alapang 620 638 1258 4% Alno 166 177 343 1% Ambiong 1028 1063 2091 6% Bahong 418 443 861 3% Balili 2922 3491 6413 19% Beckel 272 278 550 2% Betag 591 738 1329 4% Bineng 62 56 118 0%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Cruz 475 533 1008 3% Lubas 679 766 1445 4% Pico 5628 5979 11607 35% Poblacion 1021 1241 2262 7% Puguis 843 981 1824 5% Shilan 197 212 409 1% Tawang 698 742 1440 4% Wangal 151 190 341 1% La Trinidad 15,771 17,528 33,299 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Length of Residency More than one third of the population, at 37%, have been residents of La Trinidad since birth. But almost one third also, at 30% has been residing in La Trinidad for 5 years and less. And 13% have been in La Trinidad for 6 to 10 years. This confirms the very high in-migration rate of the municipality.

Table 34: Length of Residency in the Barangay, 2010 Length of Residency Both Sexes % Length of Residency Both Sexes % 0 - 5 Years 26,455 29.73% 6 - 10 Years 11,257 12.65% 46 - 50 Years 426 0.48% 11 - 15 Years 5,784 6.50% 51 - 55 Years 243 0.27% 16 - 20 Years 4,512 5.07% 56 - 60 Years 197 0.22% 21 - 25 Years 2,571 2.89% 61 - 65 Years 114 0.13% 26 - 30 Years 2,183 2.45% 66 Years and Above 158 0.18% 31 - 35 Years 1,020 1.15% Since Birth 32,650 36.69% 36 - 40 Years 866 0.97% Not Stated 124 0.14% 41 - 45 Years 430 0.48% Total 88,990 Source: CBMS 2010

Household Population 5 yrs. old and over by Place of Residence, 5 years ago

Table 35: Household Population, 5 years old and over by Place of Residence 5 years ago, Census 2000 Place of Residence, 5 years ago Male % Female % Both Sexes % La Trinidad 27,262 46.23 27,221 46.16 54,483 92.38 Other Municipality/Same Province 891 1.51 972 1.65 1,863 3.16 Other Province 627 1.06 735 1.25 1,362 2.31 Foreign Country 101 0.17 178 0.30 279 0.47 Unknown 492 0.83 496 0.84 988 1.68 Source: NSO, Census 2000

In year 2000, 92% of those living in La Trinidad had resided in La Trinidad for at least 5 years. About 3% are from the province of Benguet. Another 2.31% are from other provinces and about 0.47% are from foreign countries.

Table 36: Household Population, 5 years old and over by Place of Residence 5 years ago, Census 2010 Place of Residence, 5 years ago Male % Female % Both Sexes % La Trinidad 43,405 49.31 44,613 50.69 88,018 92.00 Other Municipality/Same Province 1,948 2.21 2,252 2.56 4,200 4.00 Other Province 1,552 1.76 1,726 0.02 3,278 4.00 Foreign Country 100 0.11 125 0.14 225 0.24 Unknown 0 1 1 0.00 Source: NSO, Census 2010

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

NSO Census result in 2010 revealed that 92% of those living in La Trinidad had resided in La Trinidad for at least 5 years. About 4% are from the province of Benguet, 4% from other provinces and about 0.24% are from foreign countries.

Voting Population More than half of the population, at 63% or 61,247 persons were in the voting age group during the conduct of Census 2007. But out of this, there are only 35,618 registered voters, or 56% of the potential voting population. This means that the almost half of the existing adult population in La Trinidad, do not cast their votes here. During the conduct of the May 10, 2010 elections 27,977, or 82% of the registered voters actually casted their vote. Registered voters increased to 37,295 in May of 2013. As of April 30, 2015, the COMELEC reported a total of 36,169 registered voters which is expected to increase as the voters’ registration is still on-going and to end by October of 2015.

Table 37: Voting Population, 2012-2014 Year 2010 Nov 2012 May 2013 April 2015 Registered Voters 34,315 35,883 37,295 36,169 Voters deactivated for not voting for 2 consecutive - - - 4,672 elections Voters who transferred - 364 96 73 Cancelled Registered Voters by reason of Death - 14 - 29 Established Precincts - 54 54 224 Clustered Precincts 48 54 109 109 Voting Centers - 26 26 26 Source: COMELEC-La Trinidad

IV. EDUCATION

As the capital town of the province, the municipality has served as an educational center for its neighboring municipalities. Second to Baguio City, the municipality is touted as one of the prime education centers in the province. And the Benguet State University is recognized as one the Centers of Education Excellence in the country. Aside from being the center of agricultural education, it has branched out to offer services in undergraduate and graduate studies in the arts, sciences humanities, natural sciences, humanities and other technical courses.

Literacy The simple literacy rate has increased since 1995 to 2006 from 94.77% to 97.98%. This slightly increased to 97.99% during Census 2007. In the CBMS 2010, it slightly decreased to 97.68.

Table 38: Literacy Rates: 1995, 2000, 2006, 2007, 2010 /a /a /b /a /c Year 1995 2000 2006 2007 2010 Simple Literacy Rate 94.77% 96.19% 97.98% 97.99 97.68 Sources: /a Census , /b MPDO computations from the Education Monitoring Survey, 2006, Mun. Social Welfare & Development Office- People’s Initiative for Learning and Community Development- Action for Economic Reform (MSWDO-PILCD-AER), /c CBMS

At the barangay level, Cruz has the highest literacy rate at 98.85, followed by Betag, at 98.66%, and Pico at 98.48%. Poblacion has the highest illiteracy rate at 4.38%, followed by Beckel at 3.85, and Bahong at 3.78%.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 39: Literacy By Barangay and Sex, 10 years old and above, 2010 Literacy Literate Illiterate Not Total Barangay M F Total Rate M F Total Rate Stated Alapang 1,469 1,480 2,949 97.88% 37 27 64 2.12% - 3,013 Alno 903 857 1,760 97.72% 22 19 41 2.28% - 1,801 Ambiong 2,098 2,089 4,187 98.15% 37 42 79 1.85% - 4,266 Bahong 1,623 1,556 3,179 96.22% 61 64 125 3.78% - 3,304 Balili 6,008 6,549 12,557 98.12% 100 140 240 1.88% - 12,797 Beckel 1,247 1,178 2,425 96.15% 43 54 97 3.85% - 2,522 Betag 1,432 1,666 3,098 98.66% 20 21 41 1.31% 1 3,140 Bineng 572 467 1,039 96.03% 21 16 37 3.42% 6 1,082 Cruz 1,160 1,254 2,414 98.85% 11 16 27 1.11% 1 2,442 Lubas 1,652 1,737 3,389 98.15% 22 42 64 1.85% - 3,453 Pico 5,037 5,129 10,166 98.48% 69 88 157 1.52% - 10,323 Poblacion 3,005 3,215 6,220 95.60% 136 149 285 4.38% 1 6,506 Puguis 2,525 2,494 5,019 97.59% 55 67 122 2.37% 2 5,143 Shilan 1,534 1,318 2,852 96.65% 44 53 97 3.29% 2 2,951 Tawang 2,386 2,350 4,736 98.11% 34 57 91 1.89% - 4,827 Wangal 1,646 1,642 3,288 98.09% 25 39 64 1.91% - 3,352 Municipal 34,297 34,981 69,278 97.68% 737 894 1,631 2.30% 13 70,922

Source: CBMS 2010

In Census year 2000, those who have reached at least elementary level was at 30% of the household population 5 years old and over. In a local study in 2006, it was at 35% of the household population 6 years old and over. This was reduced to 22.4% in 2007 Census.

In year 2000, 14% of the household population 5 years and over, graduated high school. This increased to 16% in 2006 and 22% in 2007. The same trend is true for college graduates: only 8% in year 2000, increasing to 13% in 2006, and further increasing to 18% in 2007.

Table 40: Highest Educational Attainment (2000, 2006, 2007) /a /b /c Highest 2000 Census 2006 Literacy Survey 2007 Census Educational hh pop’n 6 yrs old hh pop’n Attainment 5 Yrs + % & over % 6 Yrs + % No Grade Completed 2,203 3.74% 1,531 2.02% 1,705 2.01% Pre-School 1,462 2.48% 1,564 2.07% 1,903 2.25% Elementary 17,695 30.00% 26,826 35.43% 18,977 22.40% (1st - 4th Grade) (9,091) (15.42%) (12799) (16.91%) (9,081) (10.72%) (5th - 7th Grade) (8,604) (14.59%) (7530) (9.95%) (2,362) (2.79%) (Graduate) (6498) (8.58%) (7,534) (8.89%) High School 16,760 28.42% 25,046 33.08% 27,256 32.18% (Undergraduate) (8,603) (14.59%) (12967) (17.13%) (8,920) (10.53%) (Graduate) (8,157) (13.83%) (12079) (15.95%) (18,336) (21.65%) Post-Secondary 3,416 5.79% 1,896 2.50% 3,446 4.07% (Undergraduate) (672) (1.14%) (138) (0.16%) (Graduate) (2,744) (4.65%) (3,308) (3.91%) College 15,853 26.88% 18,428 24.34% 30,040 35.47% (College Undergrad) (11,318) (19.19%) (8365) (11.05%) (14,532) (17.16%) (Degree Holder) (4,535) (7.69%) (10063) (13.29%) (15,508) (18.31%) Post-Baccalaureate 385 0.65% 317 0.42% 487 0.57% Not Stated 1,201 2.04% 101 0.13% 894 1.06% TOTAL 58,975 75,708 84,708 Sources: /a Census , /b MPDO computations from the Education Monitoring Survey, 2006), /c CBMS

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

NSO Survey results in 2010 show that 22,591 or 24% of the total population in school age have reached Elementary Level. 28,526 or 30% of the population were in high school, where 14,926 are males and 13,600 were females. There were 18,772 Academic Degree Holders, wherein 7,431 are males and 11,341 are females. Noticeably, there are a lot more female degree holders than males. There is a continuing increase in college graduates where 18,772 or 20% of the total population were able to graduate.

Table 41: Highest Grade/Year Completed of 5 years Old and Over, 2010 HH Popn Highest Grade/Year % to total % to total % to total 5 years Male Female Completed by Sex Population Population Population Old and No Grade Completed 2,009 2% 894 1% 1,115 1% Preschool 2,952 3% 1,552 2% 1,400 1% Elementary 22,591 24% 12,482 13% 10,109 11% Ist to 4th Grade 11,016 12% 6,046 6% 4,970 5% 5th to 6th Grade 4,051 4% 2,232 2% 1,819 2% Graduate 7,524 8% 4,204 4% 3,320 3% High School 28,526 30% 14,926 16% 13,600 14% Undergraduate 10,859 11% 5,746 6% 5,113 5% Graduate 17,667 18% 9,180 10% 8,487 9% Post Secondary 3,071 3% 1,602 2% 1,469 2% Undergraduate 544 1% 284 0% 260 0% Graduate 2,527 3% 1,318 1% 1,209 1% College Undergraduate 16,363 17% 7,457 8% 8,906 9% Academic Degree Holder 18,772 20% 7,431 8% 11,341 12% Post Baccalaureate 1,015 1% 468 0% 547 1% Not Stated 423 0% 193 0% 230 0% Total 95,722 47,005 49% 48,717 51% Source: NSO Census 2010

Highest Educational Attainment, 3 years old and above (2010)

In 2010, the household population, 3 years old and over, 7.31% was an elementary graduate, while 16.38% were high school graduates. Another 2.55% were post-secondary graduates, 16.35% were college graduates, and 0.48% had a Master’s Degree.

Table 42: Educational Attainment, Household population 3 years old and above Sex Male Female Both Sexes Educational Attainment # % # % # % No Grade 3381 4.01% 3368 4.00% 6749 8.01% Day Care 959 1.14% 857 1.02% 1816 2.16% Nursery/Kindergarten/Preparatory 887 1.05% 854 1.01% 1741 2.07% Grade 1 1306 1.55% 1185 1.41% 2491 2.96% Grade 2 1309 1.55% 1074 1.28% 2383 2.83% Grade 3 1395 1.66% 1073 1.27% 2468 2.93% Grade 4 1292 1.53% 1082 1.28% 2374 2.82% Grade 5 1314 1.56% 1056 1.25% 2370 2.81% Grade 6/7 494 0.59% 411 0.49% 905 1.07% Elementary Graduate 3398 4.03% 2756 3.27% 6154 7.31% 1st Year High School 1684 2.00% 1388 1.65% 3072 3.65% 2nd Year High School 1778 2.11% 1516 1.80% 3294 3.91% 3rd Year High School 1427 1.69% 1479 1.76% 2906 3.45% 4th/5th Year High School 496 0.59% 454 0.54% 950 1.13%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

High School graduate 7059 8.38% 6734 7.99% 13793 16.38% 1st year Post Secondary 266 0.32% 181 0.21% 447 0.53% 2nd year Post Secondary 360 0.43% 324 0.38% 684 0.81% 3rd year Post Secondary 90 0.11% 73 0.09% 163 0.19% Post-Secondary graduate 1195 1.42% 957 1.14% 2152 2.55% 1st year College 1806 2.14% 2092 2.48% 3898 4.63% 2nd year College 1922 2.28% 2381 2.83% 4303 5.11% 3rd year College 1501 1.78% 1776 2.11% 3277 3.89% 4th year College or higher 676 0.80% 715 0.85% 1391 1.65% College graduate 5552 6.59% 8223 9.76% 13775 16.35% With units Masters/Doctors 97 0.12% 119 0.14% 216 0.26% Doctors/Master’s degree 162 0.19% 239 0.28% 401 0.48% Not Stated 27 0.03% 29 0.03% 56 0.07% Total 41833 49.67% 42396 50.33% 84229 100.00% Source: CBMS 2010

Household Population, 5 to 24 years old Attending School, 2007 Seventy percent of those between the ages of 5 to 24 years old were attending school in SY 2007-2008. Of the 70%, 33% were males, and 36 % were females. For the thirty percent who were not attending, 14% were males and 16% were females. Of the total household population 5 to 24 yrs. old not attending school, 21% belonged to the age group 20 to 24 years old. And 7% belonged to the 15-19 years old group.

Table 43: Household Population, aged 5 to 24 years old who are Attending School, 2007 HH Popn 5 to 24 Age Group y/o Attending % to Popn 5 - 9 % 10- 14 % 15 - 19 % 20 - 24 % Total 31316 70% 8629 19% 8089 18% 10782 24% 3816 8% Male 14979 33% 4497 10% 4042 9% 4630 10% 1810 4% Female 16337 36% 4132 9% 4047 9% 6152 14% 2006 4% HH Pop 5 to 24 y/o Age Group Not Attending % to Popn 5 - 9 % 10- 14 % 15 - 19 % 20 - 24 % Total 13,603 30% 573 1% 305 1% 3,354 8% 9,371 21% Male 6,338 14% 318 1% 182 0% 1,581 4% 4,257 9% Female 7,265 16% 255 1% 123 0% 1,773 4% 5,114 11% Source: Census 2007

Highest Educational Attainment of those attending school, 3 years old and above, 2010 In 2010, there was a total of 29,083 who were attending school, where 5.87% were enrolled in the Day Care service, 6.22% were in pre-school, 49.37 were in elementary, 21.35% were in high school, 1.33% were in post-secondary school, 27.61% were in college, and 0.34% were taking their Masteral Degree.

Table 44: Highest Educational Attainment of those Attending School Sex Male Female Both sexes Grade/Year Level # % # % # % Day Care 855 2.94% 851 2.93% 1706 5.87% Nursery/Kindergarten/Preparatory 939 3.23% 870 2.99% 1809 6.22% Grade 1 1058 3.64% 990 3.40% 2048 7.04% Grade 2 1001 3.44% 922 3.17% 1923 6.61% Grade 3 964 3.31% 883 3.04% 1847 6.35% Grade 4 916 3.15% 869 2.99% 1785 6.14% Grade 5 883 3.04% 828 2.85% 1711 5.88% Grade 6/7 748 2.57% 781 2.69% 1529 5.26%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Total in Elementary 7364 25.32% 6994 24.05% 14358 49.37% 1st Year HS 875 3.01% 851 2.93% 1728 5.94% 2nd Year HS 724 2.49% 810 2.79% 1534 5.27% 3rd Year HS 655 2.25% 767 2.64% 1422 4.89% 4th/5th Year HS 677 2.33% 847 2.91% 1524 5.24% Total in High School 2931 10.08% 3275 11.26% 6208 21.35% 1st year PS 128 0.44% 100 0.34% 228 0.78% 2nd year PS 48 0.17% 52 0.18% 100 0.34% 3rd year PS 28 0.10% 31 0.11% 59 0.20% Total in Post-Secondary 204 0.70% 183 0.63% 387 1.33% 1st year College 1020 3.51% 1366 4.70% 2386 8.20% 2nd year College 965 3.32% 1193 4.10% 2158 7.42% 3rd year College 786 2.70% 1031 3.55% 1817 6.25% 4th year College or higher 720 2.48% 949 3.26% 1669 5.74% Total in College 3491 12.00% 4539 15.61% 8030 27.61% Post Graduate School 40 0.14% 58 0.20% 98 0.34% Not Stated 3 0.01% 1 0.00% 4 0.01% Total 14033 48.25% 15050 51.75% 29083 100.00% Source: CBMS 2010

Children, aged 6 to 16 years old, Not Attending Elementary and High School, 2010 In 2010, a total of 327 children between the ages of 6 to 12 years old were recorded to be not attending elementary. Barangay Poblacion had the most number of children not in elementary, and Bineng has the least number. While a total of 590 children between the ages of 13 to 16 years old were not attending high school. Of the barangays, Puguis recorded the most number while Bineng had the least number of children not attending high school.

Table 45: No. of Children not attending Elementary and High School Children 6 to 12 years old Children 13-16 years old Barangay Not attending Elementary Not attending High School Alapang 19 21 Alno 2 15 Ambiong 23 23 Bahong 17 36 Balili 32 52 Beckel 7 12 Betag 1 6 Bineng 26 22 Cruz 14 16 Lubas 18 48 Pico 43 89 Poblacion 49 51 Puguis 28 91 Shilan 30 43 Tawang 5 40 Wangal 15 25 Total 327 590 Source: CBMS 2010

Educational Facilities There are a growing number of pre-schools in La Trinidad today with a total of 33 schools. There are 24 Public elementary schools in the municipality and one school for special children. In terms of secondary schools, there are 8 public and 7 private schools. The Benguet State University is the lone

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014 state university in the municipality and there are 8 private colleges. Moreover, there are a growing number of vocational/ technical schools. This may be due to the increased demand for skilled workers abroad. To date, there are 3 public schools and 23 registered private schools. Among the private technical vocational schools, there are 8 schools with language programs.

Pre- School & Elementary Table 46: Private Pre-Schools and Elementary Schools by Location, SY 2013-2014 Name of School Category Location Advocates Academic College, Inc. Pre-school Balili Benguet Learning Center, Inc. Pre- School& Elementary Wangal Benguet Lilly Educational Center, Inc. Kinder I & II Shilan Brilliant Child Christian Academy Pre-School & Elementary Km. 6, Betag Central Balili Wesleyan Academy, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Balili Cordillera Career Development College Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion Epiphany Learning Center Inc. Pre- School, Grades I-V Km. 5, Betag Full Bright Preparatory School, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Betag Globalight Vision Center Pre-School, Grade I-IV Cruz God’s Lamb Academy Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion Holy Chapel Educational Center, Inc. Pre-School, Grade I-IV Poblacion HOPE Christian Academy Pre-School & Elementary Km. 5, Balili Immaculate Heart of Mary School of La Trinidad, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Pico Immanuel Family Learning Institute of The Phils. Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Ambiong Keys of the Kingdom Ministries Learning Center Pre- School, Grades I-V Pico La Trinidad Nazarene Learners Center Pre-School & Elementary Pico Lifeway Preschool Pre-school Wangal Little Flower Children’s Home Foundation, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Km. 4, Balili Molders of Dreams Educational Center Pre-School & Elementary Puguis Orientian School, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Betag Our Lady of Nativity School of Ambiong, Inc. Pre-School Ambiong Philippine Asia Bible College Foundation, Inc. Pre-school & Elementary Pico Rainbow Mission Int’l Academy, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion Royal Educational Achievers School, Inc.- REACH Pre-School & Elementary Pico San Jose School of La Trinidad, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion Shekinah Educational Center of Benguet, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Pico Star Educational Christian Foundation Pre-School & Elementary Pico St. Therese School of Tomay, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Bahong Sunbeam Learning Center Pre-School & Elementary Pico Super Kids Learning Center Pre-School & Elementary Puguis The Montessori Academy of La Trinidad, Beng., Inc Pre-School & Elementary Km. 4, Balili UCCP Integrated School Pre-School & Elementary Cabanao Balili VETEC Foundation, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Shilan Source: DedEd, LT Div. Office, 2013-2014, MPDO Survey

Table 47: List of Public Elementary Schools 1. Alapang Camp Dangwa E/S 13. Lamtang E/S 2. Alno Kadoorie E/S 14. Longlong E/S 3. Ambiong E/S 15. Lubas E/S 4. Bahong E/S 16. Pagal E/S 5. Balili E/S 17. Pico Bayabas E/S 6. Balukas E/S 18. Puguis E/S 7. Beckel E/S 19. Tacdian E/S 8 Bineng E/S 20. Tawang E/S 9. Bodiweng E/S 21. Talinguroy E/S 10. Buyagan E/S 22. Wangal E/S 11. Lamut E/S 23. Benguet Special Education Center 12. La Trinidad Central School 24. BSU Elementary Department

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

High School

Table 48: List of High Schools by Location Private San Jose High School Department Poblacion CCDC High School Department Poblacion Star Education Christian Foundation Pico HOPE Christian Academy, Inc. Wangal La Trinidad Nazarene Learners Center Pico Rainbow Mission International Academy, Inc. Poblacion Sunbeam Learning Center Pico Kings College of the Philippines Pico Philippine Asia Bible College Foundation, Inc. Pico Public 1.Benguet National High School – Main Wangal 2. Benguet National High School – Alno Extension Alno 3. Benguet National High School – Bineng Extension Bineng 4. Benguet National High School Annex Puguis 5. La Trinidad National High School Lubas 6. Cordillera Regional Science High School Wangal 7 Benguet State University – Voag High School Balili 8. Benguet State University – Science High School Balili 9. Eastern La Trinidad National High School Beckel Source: DepED-LT, SY2013-14

Tertiary Level

Table 49: List of Colleges and Universities by Location Public 1. Benguet State University Balili

Private 1. Cordillera Career Development College Poblacion 2. King’s Colleges of the Philippines-Benguet Pico 3. Luzon Nazarene Bible College Pico 4. Benguet Vocational School Colleges, Inc. Pico 5. HML International College Km. 4, Pico 6. Triniville Central College Km. 3, Balili 7. Culinary Arts Hotel Entrepreneurial & Travel Services Academy Inc. Km. 4, Balili 8. Philippine College of Ministry of Baguio City, Inc. Puguis Source: CHED

Technical Vocational

Table 50: List of Technical- Vocational Schools by Location Private with Advocates Academic College, Inc. Km. 4, Pico Regular Northskills Polytechnic College, Inc.(Formerly BOLTC) Programs Benguet Vocational School Colleges, Inc. Pico Cordillera Career Development College Poblacion Cordillera Quest Betag King’s College of the Philippines-Benguet Pico Jekkara Overseas Training. Center, Inc. Betag JPC Heavy Equipment Training Center Maxim Clark Academy, Inc. Montañosa College Km. 6, Betag La Trinidad Valley Institute of Technology Betag

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Private Triniville Central College Km. 3, Balili with Top Class Language Academy, Inc. Language Dream English Learning Center Philippines, Inc. Km. 4, Pico Programs The Units English Tutorial Institute, Inc. Help English Language Program Inc. Puguis Aim High English Academy Inc. Talaria Academy for Learning English Inc. Beckel Cordillera Speech Management & Rhetoric Training Services Other Transcription Learning Center, Inc. Private Lifetrend Academy, Inc. Pico Flex Impact Security Training Services, Inc. Immanuel Family Learning Institute of the Philippines, Inc. Public Benguet Livelihood Productivity Center Wangal Benguet State University Balili Source: TESDA, Licensing Section-Mayor’s Office

Enrolment by Level of Education

With the growing population, there is an increasing trend in enrolment at all levels of education.

Table 51: Enrolment by Pre-School, Elementary, Secondary, and Tertiary (SY 2009-2014) School SY SY SY SY SY SY Level 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 M F M F /c Pre-School 1432 1333 3,035 2,709 1,315 1,315 /c /c Public 57 446 1,319 1,428 807 807 753 751 Private 1375 1293 1,372 1,281 508 508 ND ND /c Elementary 11993 12390 13,226 13,110 7,049 7,049 8,194 7,550 Public 8682 8931 9,111 9,391 4,960 4,960 5,766 5,348 Private 3311 3459 3,602 3,719 2,089 2,089 2,428 2,202 Secondary 6040 6228 6,288 6,687 3,333 3,333 3,472 3,728 Public 3523 3653 3,710 3,821 1,864 1,864 1,980 2,150 Private 2517 2575 2,578 2,796 1,469 1,469 1,492 1,578 /c /c Tertiary 9,800 10,957 11,580 11,921 5413 5413 /c /c Public 6,680 7,230 7,229 8144 3107 3107 ND ND /c /c Private 3,120 3,727 4,351 3777 2306 2306 ND ND /c Total 29,307 30,908 34,129 34,427 17,110 17,110 /c Source: DepEd- La Trinidad District, DepEd-CAR, CHED, : corrected from new data

A decrease is seen in the enrolment in technical/ vocational schools, despite TESDA’s efforts to convince the young adults to enrol in technical and vocational schools, as there are more employment opportunities abroad for them.

Table 52: Enrolment in Technical & Vocational Schools, 2008-2014 TYPE OF TECHNICAL 2014 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 SCHOOL Male Female Public - 951 312 786 960 80 98 4067 Private 1286 3250 6518 2750 3200 1,796 1,736 Total 1286 4201 6830 3530 4160 4,067 1,876 1,834 Source: TESDA

Of the total school enrolment in 2010 at 37,738, 29, 083 students or 77% of all students were currently residing in La Trinidad, and 8,655 or 23% of the total student population were from nearby areas.

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Performance Indicators

Elementary Level In terms of performance indicators, the cohort survival rate, which shows the proportion of enrolees in the beginning of the grade or school-year who reached grade 6, has decreased from 84% in SY 2012-2013, 83.35% in SY 2013-2014 and further decreased to a low rate of 73.92 in the last SY 2014- 2015.

The retention rate, the proportion of the enrolment in the school year that continues to be in school in the following year, is placed at a high 98% for SY 2012-2013 , but decreased to 96.52 in SY 2013-2014.

The transition rate, the percentage of pupils who graduate from one level of education and move on to the next higher level (from primary to intermediate or from intermediate to secondary), is at 100% for school year 2012-13 which has decreased to 96.90% in 2014.

The repetition rate, the proportion of pupils who enrolled in the same grade/year more than once to the total number of pupils in that grade/year during the previous year, is at .88%.

The completion rate, the percentage of first year entrants in a cycle of education surviving to the end of the cycle, is at a low 73.23% during school year 2014-15.

The Dropout rate, the proportion of pupils/students who leave school during the school year as well as those who complete the grade/year level but fail to enrol in the next grade/year level the following school year to the total number of pupils/students enrolled during the previous school year, is generally nil in the past school-years. In SY 2014-2015, it has increased to a rate of .93%.

The failure rate also shows a very low percentage for the past school years at 0.79%.

The Graduation rate, (the proportion of pupils/students who finished grade 6 in the present year compared to the number of pupils/students who enrolled in grade 6 in the present year), has been generally high in the past years, and even higher during the last school year with 98.11% rate for male graduates and 99.56% for female graduates or an average of 98.85%. It has further increased to a high 99.76% in SY 2014-2015.

Table 53: Performance Indicators, Elementary Level, SY 2008-2009 to SY ’14-‘15 PERFORMANCE SY SY SY SY SY SY 13-14 SY 14-15 INDICATORS (%) 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 M F Ave. Cohort Survival rate 83 86 87 93 84 78.43 88.27 83.35 73.92 Retention rate 96 96 98 84 98 97.25 95.78 96.52 ND Transition rate 97 96 100 99 100 96.13 97.67 96.90 ND Repetition rate 3 3 2 3 3 2.29 0.87 1.58 0.88 Completion rate 82 86 ND 85 84 82.57 88.57 85.57 73.23 Drop-out rate 0 .04 ND 0.6 0.44 0.36 0.13 0.25 0.93 Failure rate 3 4 ND 4 6 1.07 0.52 0.80 ND Graduation rate 99 99 ND 99 97 98.11 99.56 98.84 99.76 Source: DepEd- La Trinidad District, ND- No data available High School Level: Performance Indicators

The performance indicators in the high school level are generally lower compared to those in the elementary level. The completion rate is at a low 72.63% male and 89.73% female, and the cohort survival rate is also at a low 75.62% male and 93.34% female as of SY ’13-’14.In SY ’14-’15, the cohort survival rate is at 85.23% and the retention rate is at 96.62%.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 54: Performance Indicators, High School Level, SY 2012 – 2013,2013-’14, and 2014 –‘15 SY SY SY PERFORMANCE ’12- ‘13 ’13-‘14 ’14 –‘15 INDICATORS Ave. Ave. Ave. M F M F M F Rate Rate Rate

Cohort Survival rate 70.57/c 91.84/c 81.50 75.62/c 93.34/c 84.07 76.60/c 92.99/c 85.23 Retention rate 97.09/c 100/c 99.44 96.90/c 99.11/c 98.06 94.51/c 98.54/c 96.62 Transition rate 100/c 100/c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Repetition rate 5.65/c 0.84/c 3.05 3.49/c 0.75/c 2.02 0.88/c 0.06/c 0.45 Completion rate 65.89/c 87.76/c 77.13 72.63 89.73 80.79 ND ND ND Drop-out rate 3.42/c 1.59/c 2.44 3.90 1.71 2.75 ND ND ND Failure rate 3.76/c 1.13/c 2.34 3.87 1.41 2.58 ND ND ND Graduation rate 95.71/c 98.05/c 97.06 95.92 97.31 96.65 ND ND ND Source: DepEd-Benguet Division, ND- No data available; /c: corrected from New Data

Sports & Recreation Facilities All public elementary schools have open school playgrounds, but the move nowadays is to at least to have a covered court, such as in Puguis and Buyagan Elementary School. This provides a venue for the pupils to play and for other community purposes. Moreover, as the capital town of the province, the municipality normally hosts provincial sports meets annually. Most games are hosted by the Benguet State University, the provincial Stockfarm area, and other public closed gyms.

Table 55: Sports and Recreation Facilities Location Sports Facility Area Served 1. Benguet State University 2 Gymnasiums Municipal wide 1 Open Basketball Court 1 Track Oval 2 Volleyball Courts 1 Sepak Takraw Court 1 Open Court 2. Municipal Hall 1 Closed Gymnasium Municipal wide 3. Cordillera College 1 Open Basketball Court Poblacion 4. San Jose High School 1 Closed Gymnasium Poblacion 5. Benguet Capitol 1 Open Gymnasium Provincial wide 6. All Public Elementary Schools 24 Open Playgrounds Respective Brgys 7. DPWH, Stock farm, Wangal 1 Open Basketball Court Wangal 8. Stock farm, Wangal 1 Track Oval Municipal Wide 9. Commission on Audit 1 Open Basketball Court Betag 1 Closed Gym 10. Pico 1 Bowling Lane Municipal Wide 11. Betag, Poblacion, Pico 9 Physical Fitness Gyms Municipal Wide 12. Pico 1 Music Studio Municipal Wide 13. Pico 3 Amusement Centers Municipal Wide 14. Puguis Elementary School 1 Open Gymnasium Barangay Wide 15. Buyagan Elementary School 1 Open Gymnasium Barangay Wide

V. HEALTH

Health Facilities The 200-bed capacity Benguet General Hospital, one Municipal health Clinic and 22 Barangay Health Stations are the public health facilities available in the municipality. There are moreover, an increasing number of private clinics in the municipality and health services also abound in nearby Baguio City.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 56: Medical Facilities, 2014 Name of Facility Number Category No. of Beds Benguet General Hospital 1 Tertiary/ Public 200 Rural Health Unit 1 Mun. Unit - Barangay Health Stations 22 Mun./Brgy units - Medical Clinic 10 Private Dental Clinic 18 Private Laboratory & Medical 8 Private Optical 6 Private - Skin Care 10 Private Rehabilitation 1 Private Renal Center 1 Private Diabetic Clinic 1 Private 79 Source: Licensing Section, Mayor’s Office

Vital Health Indices The Crude Birth Rate has increased to 26% in 2014 from the figure of the previous year. The Crude Death Rate however has decreased from 4.85% to 3.40%. The Infant Mortality rate has also decreased from 18.80% to 10%. The Maternal Mortality rate has increased from 0.31% to 1.20%.

Table 57: Vital Health Indices 2007-2014 Indices (%) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Crude Birth Rate 17.45 18.28 16.49 18.37 15.67 18.64 20.31 26.00/a Crude Death Rate 3.42 3.07 4.31 3.12 3.23 3.99 4.85 3.40/a Infant Mortality Rate 10.00 8.71 12.31 8.90 9.74 9.14 18.8 10.0/b Maternal Mortality Rate 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.72/d 0.33 0.31 1.20 /a Rate per 1,000 population /b Rate per 1,000 live births /dnot from La Trinidad (2011) Source: Municipal Health Office (MHO)

Leading Causes of Morbidity

The top leading causes of morbidity are primarily due to upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, Non-infective Gastroenteritis and Colitis and hypertension in 2013. In 2014, the same diseases were found to be the top leading causes of morbidity.

Table 58: Leading Causes of Morbidity, 2013 & 2014 2013 2014 Cause Rate Cause Rate Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 44 Upper Respiratory Tract 44.00 Infection Pneumonia 5.21 Hypertension 9.13 Non-infective Gastroenteritis and 4.67 Pneumonia 8.47 Colitis Hypertension 4.13 Acute Gastroenteritis 5.70 Disorders of Urinary System, all Lower Respiratory Tract 5.67 forms 3.48 Infections Influenza 2.48 Influenza 4.46 Acute Bronchitis 2.48 Dental Carries 4.30 Acute Tonsillitis 1.81 Urinary Tract Infection 3.72 Asthma 1.81 Wound/Injuries 3.61 Fever 1.64 Skin Diseases 2.86 Disorder of Skin and Subcutaneous 1.59 Skin Allergy 2.77 Tissue, all forms

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Internal Derangement of Knee 1.45 Fever 1.63 Headache Syndromes 1.43 Headache Symptoms 1.60 Musculo-skeletal Strain 0.83 Asthma 1.21 Skin Diseases, all forms 0.81 Anemia 0.46 Source: MHO

Leading Causes of Mortality The top leading causes of death are due to heart diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases and metabolic diseases in all forms in 2013. These leading causes of mortality remained during the last year 2014. Healthy lifestyle measures should be considered by the general public.

Table 59: Leading Causes of Mortality, 2007-2012 CAUSE/ RATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Acute Myocardial Infraction 0.26 0.23 0.41 0.24 - 0.28 Cerebro Vascular Disease 0.82 5.0 0.86 0.86 0.28 Hypertension 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.07 Prematurity 0.11 0.16 0.08 0.05 Diabetes Mellitus Type II 0.22 0.19 0.32 0.44 0.09 0.13 Sepsis 0.04 0.26 0.20 0.04 0.06 Coronary Artery Disease 0.17 Chronic Renal Failure 0.11 0.02 Congestive Heart Failure 0.04 0.07 Asphyxia 0.06 0.04 Cancer, all types 0.44 0.41 0.68 0.51 0.48 0.64 Liver Cirrhosis 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.01 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.01 Chronic Glomerulonephritis 0.06 0.02 Renal Disease 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.12 0.02 Respiratory Distress syndrome 0.08 0.02 Rheumatic Heart Disease 0.05 Multiple Physical Injuries 2˚ to Landslide 1.37 Pneumonia 0.11 Heart Diseases 0.07 1.22 0.4 Gunshot Wounds 0.06 Stab Wound 0.05 Congenital Heart Disease 0.04 0.01 Vehicular Accident 0.04 0.05 Intestinal Obstruction 2.94 Thyroid Disorders 1.49 Trauma-Injury, not classified 1.20 Source: MHO

Table 60: Leading Causes of Mortality, 2013-2014 2013 2014 Cause Rate Cause Rate Heart Diseases, all forms 3.83 Hypertension 2.05 Cancer, all types 2.13 Pneumonia 1.80 Respiratory Diseases, all forms 1.67 Cancer, of all forms 1.60 Metabolic Diseases, all forms 0.83 Cerebrovascular Disease 1.30 Perinatal Diseases, all forms 0.54 Heart Disease, all forms 0.78 Infectious Diseases, all forms 0.37 Diabetes Mellitus 0.66 Diseases of Digestive System, Renal Disease, all forms 0.57 all forms 0.27

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Undetermined Sepsis 0.52 Intents(poisoning, hanging, vehicular accidents) 0.24 Kidney Diseases (Renal), all Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases 0.40 forms 0.21 Congenital Malformations, all Congenital Malformations, all forms 0.28 forms 0.18 Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings 0.16 Injuries, all forms 0.16 Diseases of the Nervous System, all forms 0.13 Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue 0.05 Hypertension 0 Pneumonia 0 Cerebrovascular Disease 0 Sepsis 0 Chronic Obstructive 0 Pulmonary Disease Diabetes Mellitus 0 Source: MHO

Leading Causes of Infant Mortality

The top leading causes of fetal death in 2013 are sepsis, Preterm/ Extremely Low Birth Weight, Congenital Malformation of Heart, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Prematurity, Sepsis, and Pneumonia are the leading causes of infant mortality in 2014.

Table 61: Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, 2006-2012 CAUSE/ RATE 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Pre-maturity 0.04 2.68 0.10 4.45 2.87 - Asphyxia Neo-natorum 0.03 1.34 1.15 - Congenital Heart Disease 2.87 0.01 Hyaline Membrane Disease 0.03 0.67 1.15 Sepsis, Pneumonia 0.03 3.35 0.07 1.27 0.57 0.06 Meningococcemia Acute Gastroenteritis 0.01 0.01 Respiratory Disease Syndrome 0.09 0.57 0.05 Chronic Placental Insufficiency 0.03 Pulmonary haemorrhage, 0.67 Physical Injuries 2⁰ Landslide 0.04 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 1.27 0.05 Cerebral Palsy 0.05 Intestine Obstruction 0.05 Source: MHO

Table 62: Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, 2013-2014 Cause/Rate 2013 Cause/Rate 2014 Sepsis 16.83 Pre-maturity 28.21 Preterm/ Extremely Low Birth 16.83 Sepsis 25.64 Weight

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Congenital Malformation of Heart, 9.9 Pneumonia 17.95 unspecified Respiratory Distress Syndrome 7.92 Asphyxia Neo-natorum 7.69 Severe Asphyxia 4.95 Respiratory Disease 5.13 Syndrome Intestinal Obstruction of Newborn 3.96 Pulmonary hemorrhage, 5.13 Cardiopulmonary Arrest Infantile Cerebral Palsy 2.97 Congenital Heart Disease 2.56 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2.97 Anencephaly 2.56 Multiple Congenital Malfunction 2.97 Cord Prolapse 2.56 Pneumonia 2.97 Very low birth weight 2.56 Situs Inversus 1.98 Oligohydramnios 1.98 Source: MHO

Morbidity and Treatment among Households, 2010

In year 2010, 1,015 households, or 4% of the total number of households, had members who did not get sick. Out of those who did get sick, 71% did not seek treatment for the illness and 24% of household members sought cure. Almost 43% received treatment from the Benguet Provincial General Hospital, 29% from private hospitals/Clinics, and 15% from the Baguio City General Hospital.

Table 63: Households who Sought Treatment during Sickness, 2010 Availed of Treatment for Sickness hhs % Yes 5,539 24% No 16,066 71% Did Not Get Sick 1,015 4% Not Stated 7 0% Total 22,627 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Table 64: Place of Treatment Place of Treatment # of hh % Public hospital (provincial) 2,360 43% Public hospital (city) 852 15% Public hospital (district) 17 0% Public hospital (national) 131 2% Private hospital/clinic 1,606 29% Rural health units 332 6% Brgy. health station/center 189 3% Non-medical/ Non-trained Hilot 34 1% Others 18 0% Total 5,539 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Life Expectancy

The Projected Life Expectancy as set at regional levels has been increasing since 1990 from 59.7 years old to 67.6 years old for males and 65.6 years old to 73 years old for females for 2010-2015.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 65: Life Expectancy, 1990-2015 Year Male Female 1990-1995 59.7 65.6 1995-2000 62.2 67.9 2001-2005 64.5 69.9 2010-2015 67.6 73 Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statwatch.asp

Nutritional Status of Children

The ratio of children (0 to 6 years old) with normal weight decreased from 98.25% in 2012 to 97.12% in 2013 which even decreased slightly to 97% in 2014. For those in primary school under the new category, 94.44% are of normal weight in 2013 which seem to have slightly decreased from 2012 data of 94.57%. It also increased to 95% for 2014. Much of the government interventions to improve the nutritional status of the children include increasing nutrition awareness among parents, supplemental feeding in Day Care Centers, and focus on livelihood projects for families especially for those children belonging to the low income group.

Table 66: Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children (0-71 months, 0- 6 years old), 2011-2014 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 Category # % # % # % Male Female Total % Normal Weight 13,828 98.34 13,732 98.25 10773 97.12 6,380 6,009 12,389 97.0 Severely 14 0.10 28 98.25 174 1.57 39 33 72 0.6 Underweight Underweight 128 0.91 149 0.20 37 0.33 91 90 181 1.4 Overweight 92 0.65 67 1.07 109 0.28 105 85 190 1.5 Total 14,062 100 13,676 0.48 11,093 100 6,615 6,217 12,832

Table 67: Nutritional Status of Primary School Children, 2012-2014 Year 2012 2013 2014 New Category* # % # % # % Severely Wasted 79 0.73 56 0.59 35 0.29 Wasted 201 1.87 127 1.35 71 0.58 Normal 10,167 84.57 8,916 94.44 11,560 95.00 Overweight 248 2.31 292 3.09 341 2.80 Obese 56 0.52 50 1.53 162 1.33 Total 10,751 100 9,441 100 12,169 100 Source: MHO, *prescribed under World Health Organization

Family Planning Methods Usage The use of contraceptives among married women of child-bearing age (from 15-49 years old), exhibits a decreasing trend. In 2009, the contraceptive prevalence rate was at 41%, but in 2014, this decreased to 34% of married women who use contraceptives. But this can be actually higher, since records of the Municipal Health Office only show those who avail of the contraceptives from the midwives. Records from those who get from private clinics/pharmacies are not available. Nevertheless, modern family planning methods which are the pill and injection, are the more preferred methods among new acceptors and current users of contraceptives. In 2013, the MHO reported that there were 3,415 users of contraceptives which increased to 5,318 in 2014. Table 68: Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, 2009-2014 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%) 41 40 34.3 33.6 33.5 34 Current User at the end of the year 2,348 2,307 2,822 2,477 3,415 5,318 Source: MHO

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 69: New Family Planning Acceptors by Method, 2010-2014 NEW 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ACCEPTORS Modern FP Users % Users % Users % Users % Users % Method Pills 793 37.4 214 11.33 199 9.39 319 3.11 415 10.11 Injection 324 15.3 408 21.6 378 17.83 490 20.13 585 14.25 IUD 23 1.1 36 1.91 36 1.04 38 1.56 103 2.51 BTL 78 1.90 NSV 0 0.00 Natural FP Method LAM 877 41.4 1,162 61.51 1,458 68.77 1,530 62.86 2,799 68.20 Condom 51 2.4 64 3.39 57 2.69 46 1.89 109 2.66 SDM 51 2.4 5 0.26 6 0.28 11 0.45 8 0.19 CMM 7 0.17 Total 2119 100 1889 100 2,134 100 2434 100 4104 100 Source: MHO

Table 70: Current Family Planning Users by Method, 2009-2014 CURRENT USERS 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 Modern FP Method Users % Users % Users % Users % Users % Pills 738 31 836 30 699 28.22 319 3.11 1,112 20.99 Injection 648 28 844 30 835 33.71 490 20.13 1,525 28.78 IUD 241 10 261 9 217 8.76 38 1.56 335 6.32 BTL 102 1.92 NSV 4 0.08 Natural FP Method LAM 56 2 617 22 454 18.33 1,530 62.86 1,903 35.91 Condom 46 1.89 279 5.27 SDM 424 18 49 2 38 1.53 11 0.45 32 0.60 CMM 7 0.13 TOTAL 2348 100 2822 100 100 100 2434 100 5299 100 Source: MHO; (No data for 2010)

Environmental Sanitation

Solid Waste Management Data from the 1998 Feasibility Study for the Integrated Waste Management and Development (FS- IWMD) in the BLISTT shows that about 53% of garbage is biodegradable: organics comprise 28% while 25% are yard wastes. About 26% of wastes are recoverable materials: paper at 14%, glass at 2%, metals at 4% and plastics at 6%. Other un-reusable wastes are other combustible wastes and other dry waste for a total of 21%.

WASTE COMPOSITION 1998

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

As to garbage disposal in year 2000, about 73% of the garbage was disposed for collection by the Municipal Garbage trucks, about 18% practiced burning, and about 6% dumped their garbage in individual pits. Only 1.4% practiced composting of biodegradable wastes and 1.3% buried their garbage.

Table 71: Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal, 2000 U S U A L M A N N E R O F G A R B A G E D I S P O S A L Total Picked up Dumping in Composting Feeding HH by Garbage Individual Pit Burning (Later Used Burying to Others Truck (Not Burned) as Fertilizer) Animals 13,658 9,961 798 2,425 193 182 89 10 percent 72.93 5.84 17.76 1.41 1.33 0.65 0.07 Source: Census 2000, NSO

A study conducted by the TWG for SWM, in August 2007, shows a great change in the waste classification done in 1998. Residuals comprise an average of 55%. Biodegradable comprise 37% and recyclables comprise 8.7%.

Table 72: Type of Garbage Brought out for Collection, 2007 Type of Garbage brought out for collection Urban (%) Rural (%) Ave. Biodegradable 35.68 37.68 36.68 Residual 52.07 57.14 54.605 Recyclable 12.25 5.18 8.715 Source: TWG-SWM, 2007

Data from the 2014 Solid Waste Management Sector Project, Project Preparatory Technical Assistance of ADB (PPTA-8115 PHI) for La Trinidad show that about 49% of garbage is biodegradable: organics comprise 33% while 16% are yard wastes. About 23% of wastes are recoverable materials: paper at 11%, glass at 4%, metals at 2% and plastics at 6%. Other un-reusable wastes are other combustible wastes and other dry waste for a total of 28%.

WASTE COMPOSITION 2013

Table 73: Waste Composition from Various Wastes Sources, 2013

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Commercial Waste Types Institutional Residential Market /Industrial Food Waste 5.23 7.90 1.04 16.63 Vegetable/Organic/Food trimmings 22.45 15.89 34.62 28.68 Fish entrails/Chicken Feathers 0.13 0.72 Dead Animals 0.09 Coconuts (husks, trimmings, whole) 2.89 0.73 4.71 1.11 wet and soiled paper 8.93 17.51 7.24 12.61 Garden trimmings, leaves 0.19 3.82 Wood (lumber) 1.01 0.84 0.43 0.13 Glass Bottles (whole, unbroken) 3.46 3.19 8.08 1.80 Metals 0.12 0.48 0.36 Tin can, aluminum cans, bottle caps 1.91 1.32 1.71 0.49 white paper, cardboard, carton 19.40 7.13 1.33 2.96 newspapers, magazines, other papers 4.10 5.01 1.86 0.44 Plastic bottles, PET 2.77 3.35 3.05 1.72 pe Plastics 2.09 0.30 0.37 1.24 Other Plastics, hard plastics 1.68 3.24 3.94 2.24 Plastic bags and wrappers 11.29 17.94 9.76 13.98 Marine shells (oysters, clams, mussels) 0.23 0.46 Textiles, clothes 2.43 2.06 2.23 5.39 Styro 0.82 1.24 0.59 1.03 Leather, rubber 0.89 0.29 2.59 0.84 E-WASTES (CD's, USB's, e-parts, c.phones) 0.13 0.32 0.04 Diapers 3.46 11.45 Hair 0.28 0.02 6.86 Other residuals (cigarette butts, broken glass, ceramics) 1.23 1.98 1.44 Hazardous wastes (battery, ligh bulbs, aerosols, pesticides, paint cans, brushes) 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.02 Fines (<10mm) 2.59 5.29 2.48 1.12 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 Source: SWMSP, LT SPAR 2014

Table 74: SW Generation in La Trinidad, 2013 Generation SW Sources % (in metric tons/day) Residential 52.80 56.45% Commercial/Industrial 11.62 12.42% Institutional 3.60 3.85% Markets 25.52 27.28% Total 93.54 100.00% Composite generation rate in kg/capita/day* 0.78 Residential generation rate in kg/capita/day * 0.44 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

The composite generation rate for La Trinidad, that is the generation rate considering all possible sources of wastes included in this WACS, is 0.78 kg/capita/day. However, since the wastes from the vegetable trading posts are not directly affected by the population of the municipality but by market demand, these wastes will not be used in deriving the SW generation rate that shall be used for the projections for waste generation as illustrated in the following table. Moreover, management of the vegetable wastes from the trading posts is different from those of the other sources.

Total waste generation without the wastes from the trading posts, is 72.57 metric tons per day (Please refer to Table 32 for the breakdown of wastes from the markets.). The trading post residuals was

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014 included in this total, since this includes wastes from the establishments near the trading posts. The generation rate is 0.60 kg per capita per day.

Table 75: SW Generation (without trading posts wastes), 2013 Generation Solid Waste Sources % (in metric tons/day) Residential 52.80 72.76% Commercial/Industrial 11.62 16.01% Institutional 3.60 4.96% Markets (1993 & 2002) 4.55 6.27% Total 72.57 100.00% SW Generation rate (less wastes from the vegetable trading posts) in kg/capita/day* 0.60 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Without the wastes from the trading posts, the residential wastes comprise more than 70% of the solid waste stream. The remaining more than 20% is shared by the other sources.

Table 76: Solid Waste Generation from Local Markets, 2013 Market Waste Source Daily generation (in metric tons) Trading post residuals 1.903 Public Market 2.649 Trading posts Biodegradables 20.969 Total 25.521 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Considering the households alone, the generation rate is only 0.44 kg per capita per day. The ensuing table shows that the middle income households have the lowest generation rate at 0.39 kg/capita/day while the high income households have the highest generation rate at 0.62 kg/capita/day.

Among the major waste sources, market wastes have the highest percentage of biodegradable wastes at nearly 60% and the lowest in recyclables, special wastes and fines.

Table 77: Residential SW Generation Rate per Income Bracket, 2013 SW Generate Rate Income Brackets (in kg/capita/day) Low Income 0.42 Middle Income 0.39 High Income 0.62 Residential Generation Rate 0.44 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Commercial wastes have the highest percentage of recyclables at more than 35%, while residential wastes is highest in residuals at more than 28%. Among these waste sources, biodegradable wastes are mostly, vegetable/food trimmings, and wet or soiled paper. Recyclables are mainly glass bottles, white paper, cartons, and other papers; while residuals are mostly plastic bags and wrappers and disposable diapers.

The loose density varies among the waste sources. The market wastes have the highest loose density at 182 kg per cu.m., which may be attributed to the weight of the biodegradable materials. The institutions have the lowest, at 77%, which may be attributed to its recyclables which are mainly paper, and to its residuals which are mostly plastic food wrappers, and to its biodegradables that are more of soiled paper.

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Table 78: Waste Type Composition (in %) and Loose SW Density in Major Waste Sources Waste Type Commercial/Industrial Institutions Residential Markets* Biodegradables 40.92 46.69 48.03 59.87 Recyclables 35.53 24.02 20.70 10.89 Residuals 20.75 23.82 28.57 28.10 Special Wastes 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.02 Fines 2.59 5.29 2.48 1.12 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Loose Density 107.28 77.49 105.64 182.03 (in kg/m3) Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

For commercial & industrial establishments, those in the semi-urban and rural areas generate more biodegradable wastes than those in the urban areas. But the latter generate more recyclables than the former. Although this result may have been affected by the type of generators sampled, it may also be attributed to the types of establishments located in these areas.

Table 79: Waste Type Composition (%) of Commercial/Industrial Wastes Commercial / Industrial Waste Type Semi-urban/Rural Urban LGU-wide

Biodegradables 53.44 39.04 40.92

Recyclables 22.33 37.51 35.53 Residuals 21.17 20.69 20.75

Special Wastes 0.05 0.23 0.21 Fines 3.01 2.53 2.59 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Among the three (3) HH income classifications, the low-income households generate the least percentage of biodegradable wastes at 41%, but the highest percentage of residuals at 32% and recyclables at 24%. The middle-income households generate the highest percentage of biodegradables at 55% and the lowest percentage of recyclables.

Table 80: Waste Composition of Residential Wastes (in %) Middle- High-Income Residential LGU- Waste Type Low-Income HH Income HH HH Wide Biodegradables 41.71 55.49 53.16 48.03 Recyclables 24.23 14.75 21.59 20.69 Residuals 32.09 25.89 22.60 28.57 Special Wastes 0.21 0.30 0.11 0.22 Fines 1.77 3.57 2.54 2.48 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

For the wastes from the trading posts and the public markets, majority of the wastes generated are biodegradable and only more than a quarter are residuals.

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Table 81: Composition of Wastes from Markets, 2013 Waste Type Trading Post Public Markets Markets* Biodegradables 64.81 58.95 59.87 Recyclables 5.61 11.87 10.89 Residuals 27.24 28.26 28.10 Special Wastes 0.00 0.02 0.02 Fines 2.33 0.89 1.12 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: SWMSP TA-8115 LT SPAR

For the vegetable trading posts, (both public and private), the solid wastes generated are mainly vegetable trimmings. Both sites generate more than 10 tons each daily. The loose density of the carrot trimmings was not measured but using the plastic sacks where they were stored, the loose density is 495kg/sack.

The main trading post generates trimmings from other vegetables as well as decaying vegetables. From the characterization of one whole truckload of wastes from the trading post, more than 96% are vegetable wastes and a little over 3% consists of food wastes, soiled paper used in wrapping the vegetables, glass and PET bottles, PE plastics used in packing the vegetables, plastic bags and food wrappers, textiles, and styrofoam food packaging. The average loose density of the vegetable trimmings from the trading post is 230 kg/cu.m.

The table below shows the projected waste generation based on population for the next 25 years. Table 82: Waste Volume Projection over Observation Period in 5-year Steps (m3) Generation/ Collection 2013 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Urban A 21,329 22,811 27,413 33,656 42,130 53,657 69,375

Urban B 45,913 49,103 59,010 72,449 90,692 115,504 149,339

Urban C 34,474 36,870 44,308 54,399 68,096 86,727 112,132

Rural 13,529 14,674 17,997 22,114 27,222 33,568 41,464

Institutional 8,061 9,429 13,951 20,641 30,539 45,185 66,853

Market 6,806 7,515 9,628 12,335 15,804 20,247 25,939

Business 22,926 27,887 45,507 74,261 121,183 197,753 322,703

Trading Post 33,904 35,413 39,483 44,022 49,082 54,724 61,014

Waste Collection 186,944 203,701 257,298 333,876 444,748 607,363 848,820

Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

The estimated 50.07 tons of wastes delivered to the sanitary landfill is composed of more than 25 tons of biodegradable, nearly 4 tons of recyclables, and more than 21 tons of residuals, special wastes and fines.

Table 83: Comparative SW Composition of Collected and Dumped Wastes, 2013 Dumped SW (less Estimated quantity of Collected Solid Waste Type segregated by Dumped Solid Wastes Waste (%) collectors), % (in tons) Biodegradable 49.94 51.58 25.83

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Recyclables 10.14 7.72 3.86 Residuals 38.06 38.79 19.42 Special 0.15 0.14 0.07 Fines 1.71 1.77 0.89 Total 100 100 50.07 Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

WASTE CLASSIFICATION 2013

The factors that affect this may be due to:

 The increase in the use of packaging materials, which are mostly residuals by manufacturers;  The increased awareness of residents to segregate recyclables to either re-use, recycle or sell it to the junk shops;  Lifestyle consumption pattern changes that induce consumers to buy products that are disposable after a single use;  The propensity of some residents to compost their garbage at home.

Solid Waste Management Practices

Waste Segregation At least 72.89% of all households in year 2010 claim to segregate their waste. But there are different ways of segregating. The municipal government advocates for at least three separate garbage cans for biodegradables, recyclables, and residuals.

A separate study conducted by the TWG for SWM in early 2011 shows that, for those segregating their garbage, 50% segregate garbage correctly: into biodegradables, residual, and recyclable garbage. At least 41% segregate the biodegradable from the non-biodegradable, and 9% segregate only the recyclables.

Recyclables About 58.9% claim to practice recycling and only 47% actually sell the recyclables to junk collectors.

Composting Almost 40% claim to practice composting, of whom 7% have a covered compost pit and 18% have an open compost pit. But only 33% practice composting always, 24% practice composting most of the time, 12% do it once in a while, 3% say it is not applicable (due to lack of space or container for composting).

Burning & Dumping Although ill-advised, due to the bad emissions into the air, burning is practiced by 14% of all households and 0.14% dump their garbage in the river, mountain sides, and vacant lots.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Garbage Disposal for Collection Almost all households at 93.82% of households dispose of their garbage through garbage collection, wherein majority is through the municipal garbage collector, almost 40% through the barangay collector, 0.16% through private collector (most probably collecting recyclable wastes), and almost 6% are not covered by any garbage collection. And 77% claim to follow the municipal advisory to bring out their garbage before 8 o’clock in the morning.

As to frequency of disposal for collection, almost one third, 32% of all households dispose of their garbage daily, 23% bring it out once a week , and 20% of all household dispose their garbage twice a week.

SWM Information

Knowledge regarding proper solid waste management practices, most often than not, come in the following order: 1. Television and Radio 2. Billboards, Posters, and tarpaulin 3. Flyers and brochures 4. Family members 5. School 6. Church

Table 84: SWM Practices by Household, 2010 SWM Practices # % to total # of hh Garbage Collection 21,229 93.82% Burning 3,271 14.46% Composting 8,922 39.43% Recycling 13,348 58.99% Waste Segregation 16,492 72.89% Compost Pit with Cover 1,680 7.42% Compost Pit without Cover 4,135 18.27% Others 111 0.49% Source: CBMS 2010

Table 85: SWM Disposal by Type of Collector, 2010 Collector/ Municipal Garbage Barangay Garbage Private Garbage None Not Barangay Collector Collector Collector Stated Alapang 821 22 2 33 - Alno 3 441 1 43 - Ambiong 299 1,018 6 2 50 Bahong 93 747 1 100 - Balili 4,697 78 1 15 - Beckel 629 3 - 126 8 Betag 1,147 11 - 3 - Bineng 2 156 1 190 - Cruz 605 66 3 4 - Lubas 302 691 1 135 - Pico 2,302 971 8 36 - Poblacion 29 1,867 1 41 - Puguis 1,339 56 2 226 - Shilan 3 711 - 94 - Tawang 32 1,318 5 27 - Wangal 28 697 5 273 - Municipal 12,331 8,853 37 1,348 58 % 54.50% 39.13% 0.16% 5.96% 0.26%

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Source: CBMS 2010

Table 86: Frequency of Disposal, 2010 Barangay Daily 3x a Week 2x a Week Once a Week Others None Alapang 205 35 124 481 33 Alno 2 15 - 428 - 43 Ambiong 82 32 1,085 124 - 52 Bahong 57 114 157 513 - 100 Balili 1,862 2,100 693 121 - 15 Beckel 14 6 - 620 - 126 Betag 344 341 451 22 - 3 Bineng 1 3 - - 155 190 Cruz 485 61 118 8 2 4 Lubas 74 218 100 581 21 135 Pico 1,410 179 1,561 131 - 36 Poblacion 1,792 37 9 59 - 41 Puguis 858 65 100 371 3 226 Shilan 6 146 39 450 73 94 Tawang 86 27 9 1,233 - 27 Wangal 11 595 116 7 1 273 Municipal 7,289 3,974 4,562 5,149 255 1,398 % 32% 18% 20% 23% 1% 6% Source: CBMS 2010

Liquid Waste Management

Toilet Facilities The Municipal Health Office reports that in 2013, 18,936 households had sanitary toilets and 1,118 had no sanitary toilets while 67 households have no toilets. In 2014, there are 20,844 households with sanitary toilets, 581 without sanitary toilet, and 46 without toilet.

Table 87: Toilet Facilities, 2007-2014 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Type of Toilet HH w/ Sanitary Toilet 14,261 14,767 15,203 15,431 15674 16,906 18,936 20,844

HH w/o Sanitary Toilet No Data 656 450 440 197 1,130 1,118 581

HH w/o Toilet No Data 741 600 320 77 75 67 46

2800 2,169 - - HH Sharing Toilet No data No data 492 1149 Source: MHO

However, actual CBMS survey results in year 2010 show that 21,184 households or 93% of all households had sanitary (water-sealed to septic tanks) toilets. And 174 or 3.76% of all households have unsanitary toilets (closed or open pit), and 34 households had no toilet at all.

Table 88: Toilet Facilities by Barangay, 2010 Type of Water-sealed Water-sealed Not Toilet / Flush to Flush to Close Open Pit No Others Stated Barangay Septic Tank- Septic Tank- Pit Toilet own shared Alapang 730 100 30 18 0 0 0 Alno 285 47 83 69 4 0 0 Ambiong 1,074 149 72 78 0 2 0

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Bahong 712 152 43 31 3 0 0 Balili 2356 2416 7 6 0 0 6 Beckel 526 108 87 42 3 0 0 Betag 606 548 7 0 0 0 0 Bineng 200 74 71 4 0 0 0 Cruz 576 90 7 4 0 0 1 Lubas 712 356 38 20 3 0 0 Pico 2,222 994 54 41 6 0 0 Poblacion 1,340 575 14 2 6 0 1 Puguis 1,245 236 49 91 0 2 0 Shilan 463 170 78 90 2 5 0 Tawang 1,161 132 57 30 1 1 0 Wangal 715 114 153 17 4 0 0 Municipal 14,923 6,261 850 543 32 10 8 % 65.95% 27.67% 3.76% 2.40% 0.14% 0.04% 0.04% Sanitary Unsanitary No Toilet Toilet 21,184 93.62% Toilet 174 32 Source: CBMS 2010

Sewerage Facilities There is no sewerage system in the municipality. Most often than not, most households release wastewaters from their household into canals. Much worse are the reports of the alleged households that release septic wastes into the waterways.

At the strawberry fields of Betag, the La Trinidad Water District put in place a mini - sewerage facility that will process the waters from the households of Betag before it is released for irrigation. This is being managed by the strawberry farmers themselves in cooperation with the water district.

VI. HOUSING

House Ownership In year 2000, about 65% of the populace or 8,597 owned a house and 22% rented a place to stay. In 2010, majority of all households owned a house at 56%. More households now rented a house or room at 32% and 11% had rent-free houses.

Table 89: Tenurial Status, 2000 & 2010 Year 2000, NS0 2010, CBMS Year 2010, NSO Tenurial Status # % # % Tenurial Status # % Own house 8,597 65% 12,972 57% Owned/being amortized 14,366 56 Rent house/room 2,851 22% 7,183 32% Rented 8,401 32 Rent-free with consent Rent-free house 1,318 10% 2,340 10% of owner 2,768 11 Rent-free without Other tenure status 442 3% 130 1% consent of owner 231 1 Total 13,208 22,625 Total 25,766 Source: NSO, CBMS

Floor Area by Occupied Housing Units Majority to all housing units, at 68% of all housing units, had a floor area of less than 69 sq. m. in year 2000. In 2010, 20% had a floor area of less than 49 m2 which had an equal percentage rate with that of less than 19 m2 floor area.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 90: Floor Area by Housing Units, 2000 & 2010

Source: NSO-Benguet, 2000, 2010

Dwelling Units by Type Single detached houses are still the preferred type of homes for most of the homeowners at 15,038 in year 2010. This is followed by those in multi-unit residential homes such as apartments or boarding houses at 8,538 units.

Table 91: Comparative Type of Housing Structure, 1990, 2000 & 2010 Type of Structure 1990 2000 2010 1. Single 6,859 9,460 15,038 2. Duplex 424 1,562 2,204 3. Multi-Unit Residential 2,038 2,286 8,538 4. Commercial/ Agricultural /Industrial 77 127 179 5. Institutional Living Quarters 2 2 12 6. Not Reported 93 3 Total 9,411 13,528 25,974 Source: 1990, 2000, 2010 NSO Census

Construction Materials of Housing Units In 2007, most occupied housing units are made of sturdy construction materials. About 60% have either concrete/brick/stone walls and 20.77% have galvanized iron/aluminium for roofing materials. Those houses made out of Sawali/Bamboo/Nipa materials are minimal at 0.08%.

Table 92: Occupied Housing Units by Construction materials of the Roof & Outer Walls, 2007 Construction Materials of the Roof Construction Materials of Total Occuppied % Galvanized Tile Concrete/Clay Half Galvanized Iron the Outer Walls Housing Units Iron/Aluminum Tile & Half Concrete TOTAL 22,758 100% 20,210 (88.80%) 2,315 (10.17%) 90 (0.40%) Concrete / Brick / Stone 13,625 60% 11,280 2,219 58 Wood 385 2% 347 11 - Half Concrete, Half Wood 3,435 15% 3,335 70 25 Galvanized Iron/ Alum 4,727 21% 4,699 13 6 Bamboo/Sawali/Nipa 19 0% 13 - - Glass 1 0% 1 - - Makeshift Materials 28 0% 22 - - Others / Not Reported 538 2% 513 2 1 Source: NSO 2007

In 2010, 63% of the total housing units were made up of concrete/brick/stone, 19% were made up of Galvanized Iron/Aluminum, and 16% were made up of half concrete and half wood. 2% of the total housing units were made up of wood while .39% were of other kinds of construction materials.

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Table 93: Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer Walls and Roof, 2010 Construction Materials of the Roof Total Construction Materials Tile Half Galvanized Occuppied % Galvanized of the Outer Walls Concrete/Clay Iron & Half Wood Housing Units Iron/Aluminum Tile Concrete TOTAL 25,974 100% 21,485 (83%) 2,861 (11%) 1,277 (4.92%) 42 (0.16%) Concrete / Brick / Stone 16,355 63% 12,854 2,755 467.00 22.00 Wood 474 2% 438 10 5 18 Half Concrete, Half Wood 4,186 16% 3,362 78 733 2 Galvanized Iron/ Aluminum 4,858 19% 4,766 18 72 - Bamboo/Sawali/Nipa 43 0% 29 - - - Asbestos 4 0% 4 - - - Glass 1 0% 1 - - - Makeshift Materials 41 0% 25 - - - Others 6 0% 4 - - - No Walls 0 0% - - - - Not Reported 6 0% 2 - - - Source: NSO 2010

In 2010, 87% had strong materials for both roof and walls. Those with makeshift or salvaged materials increased to 1% of all households.

Table 94: Occupied Housing Unit by Construction Materials, 2010 Construction Materials Roofing Materials Wall Materials # of Households # of HH % # of HH % Strong Materials 19,721 87% 19,785 87% Light Materials 228 1% 251 1% Salvaged/ Makeshift Materials 297 1% 189 1% Mixed but Predominantly Strong 1924 9% 1991 9% Mixed but Predominantly Light 302 1% 267 1% Mixed but Predominantly Salvage 139 1% 128 1% Not Stated 16 0% 16 0% Total 22,627 100% 22,627 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Mode of Acquisition of Housing Unit In year 2000, most homeowners prefer to construct their own at 72% rather than purchasing one (12%). Others, at 6% report having inheriting the home from relatives.

Table 95: Mode of Acquisition of Housing Unit, 2000 Mode of Acquisition No. % Purchased 1065 12.07 Constructed 6399 72.52 Inherited 536 6.07 Others 11 0.12 Not Reported 813 9.21 Source: Census 2000, NSO

Household Conveniences In year 2000, all households generally had at least in one household appliance. The top five household appliances include a radio, television, a refrigerator, a video cassette and a washing machine. In 2010, the top five appliances were LPG Gas stove/ range, mobile phone, television, radio, and a CD/VCD/DVD. Table 96: Household Conveniences, 2000

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

HH Conveniences Number of HH At least 1 HH convenience 12,536 Radio/Cassette 12,263 TV 9,365 Ref/Freezer 6,196 Video Cassette 3,507 Washing machine 3,095 Tel/ Cell phone 2,725 Motorized Vehicle 1,822 Source: 2000 Census

Table 97: Household Conveniences, 2010 HH Conveniences # of HH Radio/Radio Cassette 17,064 Television 18,762 CD/VCD/DVD 15,395 Stereo/Component 4,064 Karaoke 1,832 Refrigerator/Freezer 10,538 Electric Fan 3,173 Electric Iron 10,776 LPG Gas Stove/Range 20,710 Washing Machine 10,082 Microwave Oven 3,281 Personal Computer 6,449 Mobile Phone/Cellular Phone 19,679 LandlineTelephone 1,492 Air-conditioner 373 Sewing Machine 1,218 Car, Jeep, Motorcycle and Other Motorized Vehicles 4,176 Source: CBMS 2010

Electricity In year 2000, at least 89% of households used electricity for lighting, about 4.6% used Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and 3.9% used kerosene.

Table 98: Fuel used for Lighting, 2000 F u e l U s e d f o r L i g h t i n g Total Kerosene Liquified HH Electricity (Gas) Petroleum Oil Others Gas (LPG) 13,658 12,193 539 628 11 287 Percent 89.27% 3.95% 4.60% 0.08% 2.10% Source: 2000 Census

In year 2010, 97% of all households had electrical connections, where the average monthly electric bill was P 632.59. The remaining 3% had no electricity, equal to 746 households. The following table shows its distribution among the barangays.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 99: Households with Electrical Connections, 2010 # of HHs Electrical Connections Not Total Barangay With Without Stated Alapang 844 33 1 878 Alno 415 73 - 488 Ambiong 1,328 47 - 1,375 Bahong 908 33 - 941 Balili 4,777 14 - 4,791 Beckel 723 43 - 766 Betag 1,157 3 1 1,161 Bineng 299 50 - 349 Cruz 673 5 - 678 Lubas 1,115 14 - 1,129 Pico 3,181 136 - 3,317 Poblacion 1,905 33 - 1,938 Puguis 1,565 58 - 1,623 Shilan 720 84 4 808 Tawang 1,352 30 - 1,382 Wangal 913 90 - 1,003 Total 21,875 746 6 2,627 % 97% 3% 0% 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Cooking Convenience In terms of fuel used for cooking, 88% used LPG, 3.7% used electricity, 2.8% used kerosene, and 2.25% used firewood.

Table 100: Kind of Fuel Used for Cooking, 2000 Kind Of Fuel Used For Cooking Total Kerosene Liquefied HH Electricity (Gaas) Petroleum Gas Charcoal Wood Others None 13,658 514 392 12,119 20 307 9 297 Percent 3.76% 2.87% 88.73% 0.15% 2.25% 0.07% 2.17% Source: Census 2000, NSO

Total Number of Applications Approved for Housing Subdivisions A total of 45 housing subdivisions have been approved since 2001. In 2010, 2 housing subdivisions applied for revision/alteration in their subdivision plans.

Table 101: Housing Subdivisions Approved 2001-2014 Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010- Total 2014 Approved Housing 7 8 7 7 6 3 2 1 4 1 46 Subdivisions Source: Zoning Section, Municipal Planning & Development Office

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Approved Buildings for Construction In terms of building construction, the trend has been steadily increasing over the years. In 2014, 263 building permits were issued by the Municipal Engineering Office. Out of this number, 186 were residential, 70 were commercial, and a permit for institutional.

Table 102: Building Permits Issued, 2005-2014 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Residential 317 244 170 227 218 218 251 293 249 186 Commercial 40 45 43 59 71 77 99 75 79 70 Institutional 13 5 2 10 7 5 5 2 ND 1 Others 10 19 7 10 16 17 14 14 121 6 Total 381 313 222 306 312 317 369 384 449 263 Source: Municipal Engineering Office

Land Ownership With regards to land ownership, at least 35% owned one lot in year 2000. In 2007, almost 50% owned or are currently amortizing their lot, while 40% are renting.

Table 103: Land Ownership, 2000 Total HH Agricultural Land with at Other Agricultural Acquired Through Other Total HH least One Residential Land CARP, Agrarian Land Land Land Reform Beneficiaries Owned 13658 4,704 2,572 2,801 472 436 Percent 34.44 18.83 20.51 3.46 3.19 Source: NSO, Census 2000

Table 104: Tenure Status of Lot, 2010 Tenure Status of Lot 2010 % Owned/being amortized 14,366 56% Rented 8,401 33% Rent-free with consent of owner 2,768 11% Rent-free without consent of owner 231 1% TOTAL 25,766 100% Source: NSO Census 2010

Rent-free Rent-free without with consent consent of of owner, owner, 231 , 2,768 , 11% 1%

Rented, Owned/being 8,401 , 32% amortized, 14,366 , 56%

Source: Census 2010, NSO

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

VII. SOCIAL WELFARE

Facilities There are at least three facilities that offer social welfare services.

Table 105: Social Welfare Facilities Facility Clientele Services La Trinidad Rehabilitation Center For Children with Day Care ; Physical Therapy Special Children, (Old BeGH Bldg) Disabilities Occupational Therapy Reception Study Center for Children, Orphans Home Care Wangal Adoption Foster Care Family, Women, and Children Center Family, Women, Training for Women, Parents, Youth Children Alternative Learning Center for OSY Source: MSWDO

A total of 57 Day Care Centers are located all over the municipality catering to the early education needs of children 3 to 5 years old. Although established to watch over the children especially for working mothers, it has also instructional functions, providing pre-school services to the children. For a number of children with disabilities, the La Trinidad Rehabilitation Center for Special Children (LTRCSC) offers therapeutic management.

Table 106: Day Care Centers by Location Location & Day Care Centers # of DCC Alapang (3) Alapang DCC (P) Samoyao DCC (P) Camp Dangwa DCC (P) Alno (2) Alno DCC (P) Conig DCC (P) Ambiong (3) Central Ambiong DCC (P) Parapad DCC (P) Gulon DCC (P) ` Bahong (3) Bahong DCC (P) Bahong Christian Community DCC (C) Sadag DCC (P) Balili (7) Balili DCC (R) Tabangaoen DCC (P) Pines Park DCC (R) Balili Extension DCC (R) Mamaga DCC (R) Botiwtiw DCC (P) Upper Balili DCC (R) Beckel (3) Beckel DCC –(P) Balangbang DCC -(P) Lamut DCC -(P) Betag (2) Betag DCC-(P) Betag DCC Extension -(P) Bineng (2) Bineng DCC-(P) Bodiweng DCC - (P) Cruz (1) Cruz DCC-(P) Lubas (2) Lubas DCC-(P) Guitley DCC-(P) Poblacion (3) Buyagan DCC-(P) Buyagan DCC Extension Kesbeng DCC - (R) Pico (6) Bayabas DCC -(P) POCNA DCC - (C) Upper Cogcoga DCC- (P) Shamolog DCC- (P) Lower Cogcoga- (P) Toyong DCC - (R) Puguis (5) Lamtang DCC-(P) Puguis Proper DCC- (P) Longlong DCC-(P) Puguis Extension DCC-(P) House of Prayer DCC- (C) Shilan (6) Balukas DCC(P) Sagpawe DCC -(P) Pagal DCC-(P) Besil-Cavanao DCC(P) Shontog DCC-(P) Jappa DCC-(R) Tawang (4) Central Tawang DCC-(P) Upper Banig DCC-(P) Lower Banig DCC-(R) Boted DCC- (C) Wangal (5) Gayasi DCC-(P) Talinguroy DCC -(P) Upper Wangal DCC-(P) Lower Wangal DCC-(P) BTS DCC -(P) Source: Municipal Social Welfare & Development Office (MSWDO) P = Permanent, R= Renting, C=Church

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Clientele Served There is a prevalence of School Delinquency, Out-of-School youth, Elderly and people needing financial assistance for health or livelihood purposes. As such the local Social Welfare Office provides an assortment of services: counselling, casework, and technical assistance to the target clientele. Other services required by the needy are coordinated with partner public and private agencies.

Table 107: Number of Clientele served by Type, 2007-2014 Type of Clientele 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Families 3,028 2,642 8,098 5913 5,437 5458 6497 6,257 Children 3,363 4,757 6,044 2304 1,902 7334 2619 2,035 Youth 392 330 5,475 1871 450 480 181 650 Persons w/ Disabilities 93 96 197 263 570 1293 1065 278 Elderly 813 1,427 1,114 5185 2,290 5417 7179 1,287 Women 273 300 2,690 356 616 254 391 457 Persons in Distress 4,273 1,868 4,924 9580 2,591 8307 6030 311 Solo Parent ND ND 102 123 101 420 169 130 Total 12,235 11,420 28,644 24,875 13,957 28,963 24,131 11,405 Source: MSWDO

Persons with Disability In 2010, there were a total of 992 persons with disability, representing 1% of the whole population. Of the 992, 79% were males and 21% were females. Their distribution is listed as follows.

Table 108: Type of Disability By Sex, 2010 Type of Disability by Sex M % F % Total % Total Blindness 26 81% 6 19% 32 3% Partial Blindness 47 76% 15 24% 62 6% Low Vision 31 86% 5 14% 36 4% Totally Deaf 22 79% 6 21% 28 3% Partially Deaf 25 76% 8 24% 33 3% Hard of Hearing 26 70% 11 30% 37 4% Oral Defect 29 78% 8 22% 37 4% One Hand 12 80% 3 20% 15 2% No Hands 2 100% 0 0% 2 0% One Leg 24 80% 6 20% 30 3% No Legs 5 100% 0 0% 5 1% Mild Cerebral Palsy 46 79% 12 21% 58 6% Severe Cerebral Palsy 25 78% 7 22% 32 3% Regularly Intellectually Impaired 37 77% 11 23% 48 5% Severely Intellectually Impaired 20 80% 5 20% 25 3% Regularly Impaired by Mental Illness 36 73% 13 27% 49 5% Severely Impaired by Mental Illness 33 83% 7 18% 40 4% Regularly Multiple Impaired 22 96% 1 4% 23 2% Severely Multiple Impaired 10 67% 5 33% 15 2% Others 303 79% 82 21% 385 39% Total 781 79% 211 21% 992 100% Source: CBMS 2010

About 44% of those with disability were due to illness, 36% were in-born, and 13% were due to accidents. Table 109: Causes of Disability by Sex, 2010 Cause of Disability M % F % Total % In-born 281 80% 72 20% 353 36% Illness 345 79% 91 21% 436 44% Accident 103 80% 26 20% 129 13% Others 54 73% 20 27% 74 7% Total 783 79% 209 21% 992 100% Source: CBMS 2010

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Out of the 992 persons with disability, 216 are able to receive various kinds of assistance. At least 40% are able to receive medical assistance, 29% receive financial assistance, and 26% receive other kinds of assistance. At least 54% of the assistance came from government, 18% from non-government organizations, and 28% from other private benefactors.

Table 110: Type of Assistance Received by Sex, 2010 Type of Assistance M % F % Total % Financial Assistance 54 87% 8 13% 62 29% Medical Assistance 66 76% 21 24% 87 40% Educational Assistance 5 100% 0 0% 5 2% Livelihood Assistance 1 100% 0 0% 1 0% Discount on Medicine 2 40% 3 60% 5 2% Others 42 75% 14 25% 56 26% Total 170 79% 46 21% 216 Source: CBMS 2010

Table 111: Sources of Assistance Received by Persons with Disabilities, 2010 Source of Assistance # % Government 116 54% Non-Government 39 18% Others 61 28% Total 216 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Solo Parents There were a total of 1,585 solo parents in 2010, of which, 37% were widows/widowers, 24% were unmarried parents, and 17% were abandoned by their spouses. Of the solo parents, about one third or 37% comprised of males, and two thirds, or 63% were females.

Table 112: Type of Solo Parent by Sex, 2010 Type of Solo Parent M % F % Total % Death of Spouse 161 27% 432 73% 593 37% Imprisonment of Spouse 6 30% 14 70% 20 1% Mental & Physical Incapacity of Spouse 4 29% 10 71% 14 1% Legal/De Facto Separation from Spouse 58 38% 95 62% 153 10% Annulment of Marriage 5 23% 17 77% 22 1% Abandonment of Spouse for At least One Year 103 39% 164 61% 267 17% Unmarried Mother/Father 188 49% 193 51% 381 24% Legal Foster Parent/ Guardian 1 20% 4 80% 5 0% Assumed the Responsibility as the Hh head 23 43% 30 57% 53 3% Other Reason 34 44% 43 56% 77 5% Total 583 37% 1002 63% 1585 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Senior Citizens There was a total of 3,375 senior citizens in 2010. Out of this number, 66% are members of the Senior Citizens Association, of which they were issued identification cards. Out of the 66% only 29% are able to use their identification cards in the availing of discounts in medicines and other services.

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Table 113: Senior Citizens with ID Card by Sex, 2010 Senior Citizens M % F % Total % Member, With ID Card 1356 61% 874 39% 2230 66% Members who are Able To Use ID 413 30% 242 28% 655 29% Non-Member, w/o ID Card 807 70% 338 30% 1145 34% Total 2163 1212 3375 Source: CBMS 2010

VIII. PUBLIC SAFETY

Peace and Order There was a decrease in the total crime incidence, from 2,132 reported crimes in 2013 to 2,252 in 2013. Thus, the average monthly crime rate is up to 165.47%, with a crime solution efficiency rate at 32.24%. Considering the urban nature of the municipality, more efforts should be made to reduce the incidence of crime, in partnership with the community.

Table 114: Crime Incidence, 2013-2014 2013 2014 Indices/ Year M F M F unidentified Index Crimes: 1136 1136 906 132 496 Non- Index Crimes: 1135 1135 815 207 94 Total No. of Offenders 2271 2271 1721 339 590 Total Crime Incidents 2,132 2,252 c Ave. Monthly Crime Rate: / 156.65 165.47 Crime Solution Efficiency 34.85 32.24 Crime Clearance Efficiency 54.50 60.44 # Community Precincts 2 2 Com. Police Assistance Cen. 5 5 Source: La Trinidad Police Station, * Includes all reported crimes, /c: corrected based on new data

Fire Safety The fire department reports that through the years, there are more structural fires than any other type. There were 13 structural fires in 2014. Forest fires increased to 21 in the same year. But year 2010 shows the highest number of fires in the past years. Intermittent brush fires occur during the dry season. Due to inaccessibility, these fires are abated by barangay fire brigades and private individuals. Forest rangers have also been stationed in the communal forests, who report forest fires. From the total of 35 fire incidence, 12 were structural, 21 were forest fires, 2 vehicular and the other were augmentation.

Table 115: Fire Incidence, 2006-2014 Fire Incidence/ Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Structural Fire 12 3 7 14 11 12 15 8 12 Forest Fire 7 22 3 6 29 3 9 17 21 Vehicular - 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 2 Industrial ------Augmentation - - 7 2 2 4 3 5 2 Fire Damages (PM) 2.5 5 0.4 3.2 0.5 3.3 2.4 0.64 1.4 Persons Injured - 12 - 2 - - 2 - - Casualties - - 1 - - - 1 - - Source: Bureau of Fire Protection- La Trinidad

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 116 : Comparative Causes of Fire for the last 6 years Origin / Frequency of Occurrence Barangay Cause 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Alapang Accidental 1 8 1 3 4 6 Alno Accidental 1 1 1 Ambiong Accidental 1 1 3 3 8 Bahong Accidental 1 0 Balili Accidental 1 4 2 5 Beckel Accidental 2 3 1 Betag Accidental 1 1 1 2 Bineng Accidental 1 2 0 Cruz Accidental 3 2 1 1 1 Lubas Accidental 2 2 1 0 Pico Accidental 3 7 4 3 6 3 Poblacion Accidental 2 1 1 3 4 Puguis Accidental 5 5 6 3 5 1 Shilan Accidental 1 3 1 1 0 Tawang Accidental 1 1 3 1 2 Wangal Accidental 2 3 2 3 2 Total 24 40 15 27 28 35 Source: LTFS

Jail Management

Facility : Municipal Jail w/ visitation area, Kesbeng, Poblacion

There were 91 inmates in the Municipal Jail in year 2014. Out of this, one was sentenced, 46 were detained, and 44 were eventually released. Report showed that offenders were all males.

Table 117: Total Inmate Population, 2008-2014 2013 2014 Inmate Status/Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 M F M F Sentenced Inmates 0 3 20 0 1 0 0 1 0 Detained Inmates 182 41 75 45 6 6 0 46 0 Released Inmates 62 46 22 44 59 90 0 44 0 Total 244 80 95 89 66 96 0 91 0 Source: Bureau of Jail Management Penology- La Trinidad

Disasters and Calamity In terms of calamities, the average number of disasters that hit the municipality is 2-3 strong typhoons annually. Floods in the valley and the riverbank are a recurrent event which causes danger to the public. In 2010, survey shows that 27% of all households were victims of calamities. Majority, at 78% were victims of strong typhoons and 18% were victims of flood.

Table 118: Victims of Disasters by Households,2010 Victims of Calamity # of hh % Typhoon 4,786 78% Flood 1,140 18% Drought 76 1%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Earthquake 86 1% Volcanic Eruption 0 0% Armed Conflict 0 0% Fire 13 0% Others 72 1% Total 6,173 27% of all hh Source: CBMS 2010

IX. ECONOMY

Income In 2010, majority of households, at 60% of all households’ source of income were salaries and wages. While 47% were engaged in entrepreneurial activities. And some 56% had other sources of income other than their main source. It is deemed that many households do not rely on a single source of income.

Moreover, for those engaged in entrepreneurial activities, 16% were engaged in farming, livestock and poultry. Another 16% were into wholesale and retail activities, and 5% were engaged in transportation, storage and communication services.

As additional sources of income, 14% of households received remittances from abroad, another 14% had receipts from domestic sources, and 6% made income from rentals.

Table 119: Sources of Income by Households, 2010 # of % to Annual Income Sources of Income HH total HH Minimum Average Maximum Entrepreneurial Activity Crop Farming and Gardening 3200 14% 1,663 77,012 672,700 Livestock And Poultry Raising 379 2% 3,653 34,953 226,006 Fishing Activities 8 0% 10,740 11,049 11,358 Forestry And Hunting Activities 32 0% 32,960 62,591 91,008 Wholesale And Retail Trade Activities 3614 16% 1,736 89,709 Manufacturing Activities 336 1% 9,702 95,540 540,738 Community, Social and Personal 483 2% 13,825 120,031 601,313 Transportation, Storage, and 1225 5% 7,655 130,179 1,004,369 Communication Service Mining And Quarrying Activities 235 1% 20,225 81,567 253,728 Construction 519 2% 13,313 109,466 820,250 Other Activities 524 2% 9,625 93,238 398,188 Sub-Total 10555 47% Salaries And Wages 13643 60% 3,499 169,894 12,073,551 Other Sources of HH Income Net Share From Crops, Livestock And 915 4% 5,268 36,123 313,538 Poultry raised by Other HHs Remittance From OFW 3267 14% 1,835 122,342 3,593,438 Receipts From Abroad 1100 5% 948 168,305 14,392,844 Receipts From Domestic Sources 3063 14% 805 34,385 306,563 Rentals Received 1306 6% 2,825 76,086 894,875 Interest Earned 480 2% 4,827 34,896 257,313 Pension And Retirement Received 1024 5% 2,313 94,978 889,882 Dividends From Investment 431 2% 8,445 31,435 583,995 Other Sources 1181 5% 1,250 76,434 1,328,100 Sub-Total 12767 56% Source: CBMS 2010

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Annual Poverty Threshold The annual per capita poverty threshold is the minimum annual income required to be spent by each member of a family to satisfy their nutritional requirements and other basic needs. In 2012, for the entire Philippines, this is estimated at Php 18,935. In the Cordillera Region, it was slightly higher at Php 19,483 and accordingly, is one of the highest per capital Poverty Threshold in the country. For the province of Benguet, it was at Php 19,140.

In 2012, the incidence of poverty for the Philippines was lower at 19.7%. In the Cordillera, it was slightly lower at 22.6% and in Benguet, even lower at 2.8% of families living below the poverty line. In comparison to other provinces, Benguet province ranked the 2nd richest province in the entire country with a low 4.3 % incidence of poverty in 2012.

Table 120: Comparative Income in the Cordilleras and Benguet, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014 Poverty Incidence Among Families (%) Area 2009 2012 2013 2006 2009 2012 2013 2014 Philippines 16,841 18,935 20.0 21.1 20.9 19.7 ND 25.80 Cordillera 16,122 19,483 16.1 18.6 17.1 17.5 ND ND Benguet 15,820 19,140 4.4 3.6 4.0 4.3 ND ND Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/pressreleases/2015/PSA-20150306-SS2-01_poverty.aspAccessed on June 19, 2015

Recent survey results from the Community Based Monitoring System in 2010 shows that in La Trinidad, 2,230 households are with incomes below the poverty threshold, affecting a total of 11,417 household members. There are 1,241 households with incomes below the food threshold ( P11,249), affecting 6,447 household members. Worst, there are 290 households who experienced food shortage, affecting 1,202 household members.

Table 121: Households living in Poverty, 2010 Households HH M F Total With income below poverty threshold 2230 5763 5654 11417 With income below food threshold 1241 3269 3178 6447 Experienced food shortage 290 638 579 1202 Source: CBMS 2010

Average Annual Family Income The average annual family income is the total average family income, which includes: the primary income, receipts from other sources received by all family members during the year, as participants in any economic activity, or as recipients of transfers, pensions, grants, and the like. For the cordilleras, the average annual income was at Php 192,000 in 2006. On the other hand, the average annual family expenditure, was Php 151,000. This is the level of average expenditures of a family during the year. For 2009, the average Family income increased to Php 219,000 and the average family expenditures is Php 174,000.

For the province of Benguet, the average annual family income is 139,918 (year 2000) while the average annual family expenditure is P 117,354.

Table 122: Comparative Family Income and Expenditures in CAR & Benguet, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012

CAR BENGUET Family Income and Expenditure 2003 2006 2009 2012 2009 Average Annual Family Income P152,000 P192,000 219,000 257,000 P303,525

Average Annual Family Expenditures P126,000 P151,000 174,000 188,000 P235,220 Source: NSCB Website, June 10, 2015

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Recent survey results from the Community Based Monitoring System in 2010 shows that in La Trinidad, the average annual income is Php 226,697.

Labor Force and Employment The labor force participation rate for the region is more or less 68% on the average and 69% for the province of Benguet. In La Trinidad, it was at a low 60%. In addition, the employment rate in the region is an average of 95.08% between year 2010 to 2014. In the province, it is slightly lower at 90% between 2003 and 2009. In La Trinidad, the employment rate was at 95% in 2010.

Table 123: Comparative Labor Force and Employment, Benguet and CAR CAR BENGUET Labor Force and Employment 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave 2003 2009 2013 Labor Force Participation Rate 68 68.5 66.9 69.3 66.8 67.9 69 69 - Employment Rate 95 95 95.1 95.9 94.4 95.08 89.3 91 97.10 Unemployment Rate 5 5 5.9 4.1 5.6 5.12 10.7 9 2.90 Visible under employment rate 17.3 14.6 21.3 - 10.7 12.78 4.6 4.6 - Source: NSCB Stat Watch, June 10 2015

Table 124: Labor Force , La Trinidad, 2010 Labor Force M F Total % Potential Labor Force (population 15-64 years old) 29,493 30,175 59,668 Actual Labor Force Employment Rate 95% Those who are 15-64 Years Old 20,309 12,835 33,144 93% Those who are 14 Years Old and Below 42 27 69 0% Those who are 65 Years Old and Above 422 318 740 2% Unemployment Rate 812 968 1,780 5% Labor Force Participation Rate 60% Source: CBMS 2010

Nature of Employment Of the 33,953 employed, 67% have permanent status, where 39% are males and 28% are females. Another 28% are employed on short-term, seasonal, or casual basis, where 18% are males and 10% are females. Only 5% work on different jobs on a day to day or week to week basis, wherein 4% are males and 1% are females.

Table 125: Nature of Employment by Sex, 2010 Nature of Employment # % Total Sex M F M F # % Permanent 13,387 9,373 39% 28% 22,760 67% Short-term, seasonal, casual 6,097 3,298 18% 10% 9,395 28% Intermittent Different jobs 1,289 506 4% 1% 1,795 5% Not Stated 1 2 0% 0% 3 0% Total 20,774 13,179 61% 39% 33,953 100% Source: CBMS 2010 Local Employment by Type of Industry

The wholesale and retail trade generates most of the employment in the municipality. This is followed by agriculture, then by transportation.

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Table 126: Employment by Type of Industry and Sex, 2010 Employment by Type of Industry M F Total % Agriculture, Mining, and Forestry 4797 2258 7055 20.78 Mining and Quarrying 659 29 688 2.03 Fishing 59 46 105 0.31 Manufacturing 483 480 963 2.84 Electricity, Gas, and Water Supply 491 108 599 1.76 Construction 2795 88 2883 8.49 Wholesale /Retail and Vehicle Repair 3419 4196 7615 22.43 Hotel and Restaurants 506 558 1064 3.13 Transportation, Storage, and Communication 2966 340 3306 9.74 Financial Intermediation 156 222 378 1.11 Real Estate, Renting, and Business Activities 394 333 727 2.14 Public Administration and Defense 1322 574 1896 5.58 Education 675 1521 2196 6.47 Health and Social Work 246 645 891 2.62 Other Community, Social/Personal Activities 1103 867 1970 5.80 Private HHs with Employed Persons 618 857 1475 4.34 Extra- territorial Organization 84 49 133 0.39 Others 2 7 9 0.03 Total 20,775 13,178 33,953 100 Source: CBMS 2010

Primary Occupation or Business With regards to primary occupation or business, one fourth or 25% were service workers, shop, or market sales workers, with 12% males and 13% females. Another 21% were labourers and unskilled workers, with 16% males and 6% females. Another 16% were farmers, with 11% males and 5% females.

Table 127: Primary Occupation by Sex, 2010 Primary Occupation or Business # % Total Sex M F M F # % Officials of Gov't and Special-Interest Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers, Managing Proprietors and Supervisors 836 590 2% 2% 1426 4% Physical, Mathematical & Engineering Science Professionals 1232 1976 4% 6% 3208 9% Technician and Associate Professionals 848 488 2% 1% 1336 4% Clerks 297 764 1% 2% 1061 3% Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers 4026 4566 12% 13% 8592 25% Farmers, Forestry Workers and Fishermen 3764 1713 11% 5% 5477 16% Trades and Related Workers 2039 838 6% 2% 2877 8% Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 1993 140 6% 0% 2133 6% Laborers and Unskilled Workers 5294 1877 16% 6% 7171 21% Special Occupations 440 220 1% 1% 660 2% Not Stated 5 7 0% 0% 12 0% Total 20775 13178 61% 39% 33953 100% Source: CBMS 2010 Class of Worker

According to classification of workers, 39% worked for a private establishment, wherein 26% were males and 13% were females in year 2010. About 21% were self-employed without employees, of whom, 12% were males and 10% were females. About 15% worked for a household, wherein 10% were males and 6% were females. And about 12% were government workers.

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Table 128: Class of Worker by Sex, 2010 Class of Worker # % Total Sex M F M F # % Work for a household 3277 1898 10% 6% 5175 15% Work for a private establishment 8728 4407 26% 13% 13135 39% Work for Gov't or Gov't Corp 2136 1824 6% 5% 3960 12% Self-employed without employees 3987 3287 12% 10% 7274 21% Employer in own farm or business 1060 700 3% 2% 1760 5% Work with pay on own farm/ business 439 247 1% 1% 686 2% Work without pay on own farm/business 1145 814 3% 2% 1959 6% Not Stated 2 2 0% 0% 4 0% Total 20774 13179 61% 39% 33953 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Professionals A total of 4,544 professionals are found in the municipality, of whom 35% are teachers, 22% are nurses, and 11% are engineers. In totality, 78% of all the professionals are males, and 22% are females.

Table 129: Type of Professionals by Sex, 2010 Type of Profession # % Total Sex M F M F # % Agriculturist/ Fisheries Technologists 98 16 2% 0% 114 3% Architect 19 7 0% 0% 26 1% Attorney-at-Law 70 8 2% 0% 78 2% Certified Public Accountant 99 19 2% 0% 118 3% Chemist 3 1 0% 0% 4 0% Chief Mate (Marine Deck Officer) 5 3 0% 0% 8 0% Criminologist 399 47 9% 1% 446 10% Dentist 38 6 1% 0% 44 1% Engineer 403 85 9% 2% 488 11% Forester 41 4 1% 0% 45 1% Librarian 5 6 0% 0% 11 0% Medical Doctor/Physician 44 14 1% 0% 58 1% Medical Laboratory Technician 6 1 0% 0% 7 0% Medical Technologist 27 7 1% 0% 34 1% Midwife 53 18 1% 0% 71 2% Nurse 746 269 16% 6% 1015 22% Nutritionist Dietitian 13 6 0% 0% 19 0% Occupational Therapist 3 0 0% 0% 3 0% Occupational Therapy Technician 2 0 0% 0% 2 0% Optometrist 8 1 0% 0% 9 0% Pharmacist 38 10 1% 0% 48 1% Physical Therapist 9 4 0% 0% 13 0% Professional Teacher 1204 397 26% 9% 1601 35% Radiologic Technologist 4 1 0% 0% 5 0% Social Worker 30 13 1% 0% 43 1% Veterinarian 19 7 0% 0% 26 1% X-Ray Technician 4 1 0% 0% 5 0% Others 159 44 3% 1% 203 4% Total 3549 995 78% 22% 4544 100% Source: CBMS 2010

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Overseas Employment In 2010, about 3,364 were employment overseas. About 16% were in Hong Kong, 13% were in Saudi Arabia, and 9% in Canada. The rest are scattered almost everywhere in the world.

Table 130: Country of Work, 2010 Country of Work # % Australia 66 2% Canada 306 9% China 74 2% Cyprus 41 1% Hongkong 544 16% Israel 91 3% Italy 82 2% Japan 221 7% Korea 143 4% Kuwait 47 1% Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 21 1% Macao 29 1% Malaysia 42 1% New Zealand 29 1% Qatar 65 2% Saudi Arabia 421 13% Singapore 123 4% South Africa 13 0% Spain 29 1% Switzerland 14 0% Taiwan 128 4% Thailand 23 1% United Arab Emirates 152 5% United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 185 5% United States of America 217 6% Other Country 258 8% Total 3,364 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Kind of Work Abroad As to type of work abroad, 43% were service workers, shop and market sales workers. About 19% were physical, mathematical, and engineering science professionals and 8% were labourers and unskilled workers. In totality, 68% were males, and 38% were females.

Table 131: Type of Work Abroad by Sex, 2010 Type of Work Abroad # % Total Sex M F M F # % Officials of Gov't and Special-Interest 238 106 7% 3% 344 10% Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers, Managing Proprietors and Supervisors Physical, Mathematical, and Engineering Science Professionals 386 255 11% 8% 641 19% Technician and Associate Professionals 58 47 2% 1% 105 3% Clerks 12 21 0% 1% 33 1% Service Workers, Shop, and Market Sales Workers 921 520 27% 15% 1441 43%

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Farmers, Forestry Workers and Fishermen 76 42 2% 1% 118 4% Trades and Related Workers 33 38 1% 1% 71 2% Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 30 80 1% 2% 110 3% Laborers and Unskilled Workers 183 76 5% 2% 259 8% Special Occupations 149 78 4% 2% 227 7% Others 8 7 0% 0% 15 0% Total 2094 1270 62% 38% 3364 100% Source: CBMS 2010

There has been an increasing number of Overseas Workers. In 2011, there were only 936 overseas workers which has increased to a total of 24,801 in 2014 as reported by the Philippine Overseas Workers Administration (POEA). This covers Baguio and Benguet. Table 132: Comparative Employment by Overseas Workers, 2011-2014 Overseas Workers 2011 2012 2013 2014 Land-based 921 18,592 20,933 24,801 Sea-based 15 0 0 - Total 936 18,592 20,933 24,801

Unemployment and Job Search Method A total of 1780 were unemployed and were looking for work in 2010, of whom 46% were males and 54% were females. In applying for a job, 26% answered private advertisements, 25% approached relatives or friends, and 22% registered in private employment agencies. About 15% approached employers directly and only 9% registered in a public employment agency.

Table 133: Job Search Method by Sex, 2010 Job Search Method # % Total Sex M F M F # % Registered in public employment agency 65 104 4% 6% 169 9% Registered in private employment agency 175 216 10% 12% 391 22% Approached employer directly 120 155 7% 9% 275 15% Approached relatives/friends 231 209 13% 12% 440 25% Answered private advertisements 209 252 12% 14% 461 26% Others 12 30 1% 2% 42 2% Not Stated - 2 0% 0% 2 0% Total 812 968 46% 54% 1780 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Reasons for not searching or applying for a Job Out of the potential labor force (population at 15 to 64 years old) at 59,675, about 24,723 were not in search of jobs. Almost majority, at 49% of this potential labor force were still in school. About 34% were doing housekeeping chores. But 2% were awaiting results of a previous job application, 2% were waiting for job recall, another 2% were stricken with illness/disability, and yet another 2% believed no work was available.

Table 134: Reasons for not applying for a Job by Sex, 2010 Reasons for Not applying for a Job # % Total Sex M F M F # % Believes no work is available 284 161 1% 1% 445 2% Awaiting results of previous job application 391 402 2% 2% 793 3% Temporary illness/disability 306 200 1% 1% 506 2%

Bad Weather 23 28 0% 0% 51 0% Waiting for rehire/job recall 252 172 1% 1% 424 2%

Too young/old, retired, permanently disabled 814 767 3% 3% 1581 6%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Housekeeping 589 7706 2% 31% 8295 34% In School 5431 6645 22% 27% 12076 49% Other reasons 274 278 1% 1% 552 2%

Total 8364 16359 34% 66% 24723 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Commerce & Industry In 2013, there are a total number of 7,071 kinds of businesses registered in the municipality. A big proportion is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade. Financing, real estate and insurance services comes in second followed by Community, Social and Personal Services. A few registered manufacturing small-scale industries are established in the municipality, most of which are auto body-building/repair shops, woodworks and metal/ironworks shops and bakeries.

There are a total of 8,566 registered kinds of businesses in 2014. It has increased by 1,495 and is further classified according to the Philippines Standard Industry Classification set by the NSCB. Under the new classifications, the wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles remained at the top followed by Real Estate Activities with 1,722.

Table 135: Comparative Types of Businesses, 2005 - 2012 Type/ Number 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Agriculture, Fishery, Forestry 17 16 20 18 17 11 23 24 Electricity, Gas, Water Sector 51 55 61 25 64 28 89 88

Construction Sector 25 28 40 46 28 8 22 10 Wholesale & Retail Trade 1760 1825 1745 1875 2298 2350 3,749 4,299

Trans’n, Storage & Comm’n 54 49 46 50 62 50 42 50

Financing, Real Estate, Insurance 605 661 624 748 871 1054 1,155 1,411 Commty, Social & Personal Serv. 639 590 561 674 754 788 831 875 Education 27 32 35 35 28 34 35 37 Manufacturing 134 136 98 328 200 191 238 263 Total 3,312 3,392 3,230 3,799 4,323 4,513 6,184 7,057 Source: Licensing Section Accomplishment Reports, 2005-2012

Table 136: Types of Business, 2013-2014 Type 2013 2014 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 13 17 Mining and Quarrying /c0 0 Manufacturing 137 126 Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply 117 8 Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 3 7 Construction 84 91 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles /c3,908 4,965 Transportation and Storage 49 76 Accommodation and food service activities 352 391 Information and Communication 21 329 Financial and insurance activities 67 79 Real estate activities 1,409 1,722 Professional, scientific and technical services 59 63 Administrative and support service activities 57 72 Public administrative and defense; compulsory social security 3 3 Education 37 39

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Human health and social work activities 26 90 Arts, entertainment and recreation 161 107 Other service activities 568 381 Total 7,071 8,566 Source: Licensing Section Accomplishment Report, 2014

Gross Sales of Businesses Total Gross Sales of Businesses in the Municipality reached to a total of Php 6.954 B in 2014. Other types of businesses had gross sales of Php 3.18 Billion. The retailing sector comes next with 1.90 billion gross sales followed by the wholesale sector at Php 0.99 billion.

Table 137: Gross Sales of Business, 2012-2014 Type of Business Gross Sales (in Php B) 2012 2013 2014 Manufacturer .56660 .16072 .6085 Wholesaler .49252 .52598 .9915 Retailers 1.47175 1.71408 1.9043 Contractors .06969 1.06431 .0852 Financial Institutions .03793 .71254 .1789 Others 2.73232 3.12543 3.1862 Total Php 5.37081 B Php 5.70391 B Php 6.954B Source: Municipal Treasury Office

Banking and Lending Institutions A total of 24 banks are found in La Trinidad, showing the propensity of the people of La Trinidad to save, borrow and invest in business endeavours.

Table 138: List of Banks 1. Trinibank Pico 2. Cooperative Bank of Benguet Km. 5 Pico 3. Highland Rural Bank, Inc. Buyagan Poblacion 4. East West Banking Corporation Km. 5 Pico 5. Philippine National Bank Km. 5 Balili 6. First Provincial Bank Km. 5 Balili 7. Rural Bank of Itogon(Benguet) Inc. Km. 5 Pico 8. Bank of the Philippine Islands Km. 5 Balili 9. Card Bank, Inc. Km. 4 Balili 10. Card Bank, Inc. #2 Buyagan Poblacion 11. Card Bank, Inc. A Microfinance Oriented Rural Bank Puguis 12. Allied Banking Corporation Km. 4 Pico 13. Security Bank Corporation Km. 5 Pico 14. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company Km. 4 Pico 15. China Banking Corporation Km. 4 Pico 16. Benguet Center Bank, Inc. Pico 17. Rang-ay Bank (A Rural Bank) Inc. Km. 5 Balili 18. Summit Bank-Rural Bank of Tublay Inc. Km. 5 Balili 19. Land Bank of the Philippines Km. 5 Betag 20. Banco de Oro- EPCI, Inc. Km. 5 Pico 21. Rural Bank of Buguias, Inc. Km. 5 Pico 22. Producers Rural Bank Corporation(Producers Bank) Km. 5 Pico

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

23. Banco Bakun, Inc. Puguis 24. Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation Km. 5 Balili Source: Licensing Section, Mayor’s Office

About 25 lending institutions also abound in the municipality.

Table 139: List of Lending Institutions 1. 2nd Manila Unicapital Corporation Km. 5 Pico 2. All Arm Lending Corporation Km.6 Betag 3. BATJODA Credit Cooperative Bahong 4. Benguet Lineman MPC (BELMUCO) BENECO Cmpd. Alapang 5. Bridge Auxiliary Finance Corporation Km. 5 Pico Upper Cruz 6. CAMFIN Lending Company, Inc. 7. Dep-Ed CAR Regional Office Employees MPC Wangal Km. 4 Pico 8.Ilocos A+ Lending Company, Inc. 9. La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post MPC LTVTP Cpd. Pico Km. 5 Pico 10. Highland Vegetables Suppliers MPC 11. ASA Philippines Foundation Km. 6 Betag Km. 4 Pico 12. Buenavista Financing Corporation Km. 5 Pico 13. Community Based Business Cooperation Foundation Inc. 14. PAGASA Philippines Lending Company, Inc. Puguis Capitol Cpd. Poblacion 15. Benguet Government Employees MPCI 16. BPIO Employees MPCI Stockfarm Wangal Km. 5 Pico 17. Universal Multi-purpose Cooperative 18. Tulay Sa Pag-unlad Inc. / TSPI Dev’t Corp Km. 4 Pico Km. 4 Pico 19. Rangtay sa Pagrang-ay, Inc. (MPCEE) Km. 4 Balili 20. S&F Finance Corporation 21. Towncall Finance and Investment Corp. Km. 4 Pico Km. 4 Pico 22. ORIX Metro Leasing and Finance Corporation 23. Multi-purpose Cooperative of COA-CAR Employees Km. 6 Betag Buyagan Poblacion 24. Benguet Operators and Drivers Association MPC (BODA) Km. 4 Pico 25. Express Lending Services Source: Licensing Section, Mayor’s Office

Agriculture There were 3,200 farming households in 2010 among 5,477 farmers, fishermen, and foresters. The total agricultural area is 1,350.8 hectares, wherein 907.55 hectares are irrigated lands and 443.29 are rain fed. While vegetables had remained to be the main agricultural crops, cut flowers and strawberries, plantation crops had gained headway as a better source of income.

Table 140: Agricultural Production, 2009-2014 Type of Crop/ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Production (mt)

Palay 140 210 240 280 140 140 Root crops 370 462 357.75 303.75 360 144.50 Vegetables 14,905 22,855.50 18,086.36 23,594.14 23,595.84 3,670,991.58

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Cutflowers(dozens) 18,012,668 28,810,500 27,785.00 31,485,762.25 29,678,190 3,924,277.34 Plantation Crops 17,800 32,040 25,752.90 8,951.50 8,256.80 8,526.50 Strawberry(kg) 15,200 7318 8,476.30 22,187 21,588 924.00 Fruit Trees (kg) 203,125 2,713,500 2,389.09 25,142.10 2,816.86 16,513 Source: Office of Municipal Agriculturist (OMAG)

Tenurial Status Among these farming households, 68% owned or have an owner-like possession of the farmland, and another 8% do not own the farmland, but farm the land with the consent of the owner, and about 22% pay rent for the use of the farmland.

Table 141: Tenurial Status by Farming Households, 2010

Tenurial Status # of farming hh % Owned or Owner-like Possession 2,186 68% Rent 696 22% Not Owned but with Consent of Owner 270 8% Not Owned and Without Consent of Owner 9 0% Other 34 1% Not Stated 5 0% Total 3,200 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Land Area For most of the farmers, at 87%, their farmlands are less than 1 hectare. At least 12% of the farming households have a wider farmland area of 1 to 3 hectares, and only 1% cultivate 3.1 hectares to 5 hectares of farmland.

Table 142: Land Area by Farming Household, 2010 Land Area # of farming hh % Less Than 1 Hectare 2771 87% 1 - 3 Hectares 382 12% 3.1 - 5 Hectares 20 1% More Than 5 Hectares 8 0% Not Specified 19 1% Total 3200 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Agricultural Implements The most common agricultural tool among farming households is the insecticide sprayer, at 76%. The irrigation pump comes in next at 25%, then the harrow at 21%.

Table 143: Ownership of Agricultural Equipment by Farming HH, 2010 Type of Agricultural Equipment/Facilities # % to total farm hh Beast of Burden 102 3% Plow 511 16% Harrow 670 21% Mower 249 8% Thresher or Corn Sheller 99 3% Insecticide or Pesticide Sprayer 2428 76% Farm Tractor 97 3%

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Hand Tractor 156 5% Turtle or Mudboat 5 0% Planter or Transplanter or Dryers 17 1% Mechanical Dryer 27 1% Multipurpose Drying Pavement 41 1% Rice Mill/Corn Mill/Feed Mill 68 2% Harvester, Any Crop 57 2% Warehouse Granary 191 6% Farmshed 419 13% Irrigation Pump 787 25% Other Equipment/Facilities 393 12% Source: CBMS 2010

Livestock- Raising Livestock and Poultry has remained a backyard enterprise, with swine and poultry a popular favorite among the growers. This is due to the small amount of capitalization, the use of a comparatively smaller space at the backyard, and the climate conditions conducive for animal growth. About 379 households are involved in livestock-raising. Majority, at 54% are involved in hog fattening, 28% in chicken-raising, and 7% in sow-raising.

Table 144: Livestock raised by Households, 2010 Type of Livestock raised # of hh % to total livestock-raising hh Hog for Fattening 204 54% Sow 26 7% Goat 5 1% Carabao 2 1% Cow 7 2% Chicken 108 28% Chicken for Egg Laying 10 3% Duck 8 2% Other Livestock/Poultry 17 4% Source: CBMS 2010

Benguet State University likewise maintains its goat and egg farms for the production of fresh milk and eggs. While the Benguet Provincial Veterinarian’s Office maintains its Artificial Insemination Center, catering to swine, carabao and cattle.

Table 145: Livestock and Poultry, 2014 Livestock/Poultry Type Product Market Heads No. of Heads Slaughtered Cattle Backyard Local Market Carabao Backyard Local Market Horse Paltingan Corral, Wangal Backyard Swine Backyard Local Market Goat Backyard Local Market Goat Farm (BSU) Poultry Backyard Local Market Egg Farm (BSU) Source: Office of the Provincial Veterinarian

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Fishponds There are a few water bodies found in the municipalities with a total aggregate area of 8.23 tons. Some fishponds and clean water bodies have been piloted by the Municipal Agriculture Office in coordination with the Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources. To date, there are about 35 fisher farmers in the municipality. Total Fish Catch in 2009 was 8.22 tons. This was reduced to 1.9 tons only in 2013 and 1.8 in 2014. Table 146: Comparative Fish Catch 2009-2014 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Catch 8.22 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.9 1.8 (tons)

Table 147: Fishponds by Location & Area, 2014 Fishery/Fishpond by Location Area (hectares) BSU Fishponds, Balili 3.00 Backyard Fishponds, Municipal wide - Communal Bodies: Tebteb Creek, Balili 0.50 Ambiong Pond, Ambiong - Bineng-Bodiweng Creek, Bineng 3.00 Conet River, Alno 5.00 Ampasit-Gayasi river, Wangal 5.00 Guadayan Creek, Puguis 0.50 Bayabas Creek, Pico 0.50 Reservoirs (Swamp, Bahong, & Alapang) HIRDP 1.00 Total 18.58 Source: OMAG

Postharvest Facilities

Trading Post The La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post (LTVTP) is considered the center of economic activities in the municipality. With its establishment in the early 1980’s, purposely to serve as a marketing arm of the vegetable industry of Benguet, it has spurred economic growth in the municipality. Many commercial enterprises have been established as a result of the wholesale trading in the Trading Post. The LTVTP was constructed under funding through the Economic Support Fund. Total cost of the project was P 12.4 M, with a 30% loan component at P 3.7 M and a 70% grant component at P8.7M.

Amenities: Total Area : 1,597.5 sq. m. Bagsakan Area : 1,125 sq. m. Traders’ Area : 40 sq. m/ booth @10 booths Farmers’ Area : 52.5sq. m/ booth@ 17booths Cold Storage : 262 sq. m. Support facilities : 380 sq. m. for Offices, Canteen, Rest rooms Volume Traded daily : over 300 tons/day

New Agri-Pinoy Trading Post (construction on- going)

While the LTVTP has been a boost to the economic activities in La Trinidad more than thirty years ago, it has long been over congested. A P65 M new modern Trading Post and processing plant is now under construction in a four-hectare lot owned by the Benguet State University Compound at the Strawberry Fields of Betag.

The state-of-the-art facility will have several warehouses, cold storage, commercial areas, processing center and post-harvest facilities as a conduit in developing a vibrant agricultural marketing system in Benguet.

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It shall be co-managed by the Department of Agriculture, Provincial and Municipal local governments, Benguet State University, and the Farmers’ Groups. Project funds came from the Department of Agriculture and the Korean International Cooperation Agency. This Trading Post is in its completion stage.

*Other Post-harvest Facilities

Table 148: Other Post harvest Facilities Type of Facility Location Owner Type of Products Cold Storage Stockfarm, Wangal Provincial Government Vegetables, strawberries Bahong Bahong Multi-Purpose Coop. Roses Swamp, Betag Benguet State University Strawberries Grain Drying Facility Bineng Bineng Rice Association Rice

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Tourism

Main Tourism Event March 18 – 30 Strawberry Festival

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Tourism Spots

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

X. INFRASTRUCTURE & UTILITIES

Transportation

Road Network La Trinidad has a total of 135.28 km of registered roads, occupying an area of 159.13 hectares. Out of these, 22.33% are administered at barangay level, 48.17% at provincial level, 27.85 % at national level and only 1.65% at municipal level.

Table 149: Roads by Administration, 1995 Road Length % Right of Type of Area (ha.) % * Classification (km) Dist’n Way Surface Occupied National Rd. 23.920 17.68 20 C/A/E 44.32 27.85 Provincial Rd. 42.655 31.53 15 C/A/E 76.65 48.17 Municipal Rd. 3.597 2.66 8 C/A/E 2.62 1.65 Barangay Rd. 65.110 48.13 6 T/E/G 35.54 22.33 Total 135.283 100 49 159.13 100 * C: Concrete A: Asphalt E: Earth T: Tire path G: Gravel Source: 1995, PEO, DPWH, MPDO

Vehicles & Utilities In 2005, 9,902 vehicles were registered at the Land Transportation Office. The total number of registered vehicles doubled in 2013 at 22,256 due to the growing urbanization in the area and registration from nearby municipalities. This has further increased to 25,049 in 2014 which is expected to have an impact on the demand for land for road construction. Already, the heavy volume of traffic along the municipality’s main roads is a main cause of air pollution in the area. Surprisingly, there is now an increasing registration of motorcycles, apparently in a bid to avoid traffic and save on gasoline expenses.

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Table 150: Vehicle Registration, 2005-2014 Vehicle Type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Private 9902 10287 11350 12603 13816 15135 16281 18482 20485 23111 Vehicles Vehicles for 1665 1640 1541 1457 1454 1410 1369 1368 1316 1,412 Hire Government 359 266 300 338 345 377 445 415 455 526 Vehicles Total 11926 12193 13191 14398 15615 16922 18095 20260 22256 25049 Source: Land Transportation Office- La Trinidad

Traffic As part of the Extension Program of the Department of Engineering, St. Louis University, a traffic study was conducted in October 2012. Findings show that, in a day, a total of 7,722 vehicles passed through the main thoroughfare (Baguio-Bontoc highway) from the foot of the capitol going towards Baguio. From Baguio, towards Capitol, a total of 4,287 vehicles passed through the same road. At a maximum, 895 vehicles (or 50% of all vehicles) pass through this road per hour.

From Baguio to La Trinidad

From La Trinidad to Baguio

Power Total Households Served

The Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO) serves the electricity needs of the Province and Baguio City. Its main source of power is provided form the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market, the Sual Power plant, and the Bineng Mini- Hydro Electric Plant. In the municipality, there has been an increasing number of power connections from a total of 20,363 consumer connections in 2007 to 25,690 connections in 2013. Records of the BENECO in 2014 show that there was a total of 26,215 connections, most of which are provided for residential use. All barangays are served by BENECO except for a few far flung sitios.

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Table 151: Total Electric Consumers, 2008-2014 Type of Consumer/ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Records Residential 18,169 18,074 18,570 19,478 20,288 22,845 23,333 Commercial (small) 2,299 1,825 1,857 1,873 1,907 2,491 2,523 Big Commercial 1 0 - - Military 29 34 34 Public Building 285 203 206 209 216 279 283 Industrial 24 24 6 4 4 7 7 Street Light 56 16 14 16 19 34 34 High Voltage Public 0 - 1 TOTAL 20,833 20,143 20,653 21,580 22,463 25,690 26,215 Source: BENECO

The electricity demand for the Municipality of La Trinidad is supplied by the following power sources.

Table 152: BENECO Power Sources Facilities Installed Contracted Power Source TYPE LOCATION Capacity (MW) Capacity (MW) Sual Power Coal-Fired Sual, Pangasinan 1218 55 Plant(TEAM Energy) Thermal Bineng 1** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5 Bineng 2** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5 Bineng 2b** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5 Bineng 3** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5 WESM*** Volatile Source: BENECO Note: * Beneco has bilateral contract w/ TEAM Energy ** BENECO is billed at load centers as per Electric Power Supply Agreement(EPSA) w/ HEDCOR *** Pursuant to EPIRA all Distribution Utilities like BENECO is required to source at least 10% of its Energy Requirement from WESM.

Domestic Water

Main Source of Domestic Water Level III domestic water is provided mainly by the La Trinidad Water District (LTWD) whose service area is limited to the more dense areas. Almost all barangays are covered except, Beckel, Shilan, Alno and Bineng. From a total of 10,898 consumers in 2008, this increased in 2014 to 13,866 which is observed to have decreased by 26 connections from the 2013 data, monthly consumption however increased to 35,098 m3. The LTWD relies mainly on groundwater for its sources, having developed 8 deep wells and 2 springs.

Water delivery has also become a secondary source of domestic water especially during the dry season, where 241 cu.m. is delivered per month . During the rainy season, LTWD delivered about 36 cu.m. to different household. Another 42 private water deliveries are also available.

Table 153: LTWD Consumption and Meter connections by Type of Consumer, 2008-2014 Consumer 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Residential 9,763 10,395 10,949 11,544 11,840 12,290 12,707 Commercial 1,038 1,044 1,058 1,061 1,030 1,045 1,043 Government 97 109 119 128 128 105 116

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Semi- Coml (A) 198 - Semi- Coml (B) 254 - Total 10,898 11,548 12,126 12,733 12,998 13,892 13,866

Monthly Cons’n (m3) 187,111 192,713 194,780 218,515 216,601 196,554.52 231,653

Source: LTWD

Other Sources of Domestic Water Aside from the LTWD there are other level III sources of domestic water such as in Bahong, Alapang, Tawang, Beckel and Puguis under cooperative arrangements with the user-residents of these areas. Census survey in year 2000 shows that there are a total of 7031 households or 51% are connected to this kind of water system. About 2403 households or 17.59 % have level III water system but share this with other households.

There are about 1,985 households that use deep wells either for their own use or shared with other households. While 272 use shallow wells and 162 households use dug wells. There are still a large number of 1,259 that have level 1 water sources, directly from the rain, spring or rivers. Other water sources may include water deliveries.

Table 154: Sources of Domestic Water, 2000 Level Type Source of Water Number % /c Level III Own use, Water System 7031 51.48 Level III Shared, Water System 2403 17.59 Level III Own use, Piped/Tubed, Deep well 903 6.61 Level III Shared, Piped/Tubed Deep well 1082 7.92 Level III Tubed/Piped Shallow well 272 1.99 /b Dug Well 162 Level II 1.19 /a Spring, Rain, River, others 1259 Level I 9.22 - Peddler 234 1.71 - Others 312 2.28 Source: NSO 2000 /a: From point source like springs and hand pumps, /b: Use of Communal Faucet /c: Water is piped into homes

For year 2014, the Municipal Health Office reports that 97% of all households have access to water through a Level III system. About 3% have access to Level I water sources.

Table 155: Comparative Sources of Domestic Water, 2009-2014 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Water # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % Source Level I 2,510 16 2510 15 2510 14 420 2.63 420 2.82 590 3 Level II 250 2 250 1 250 1 _ _ 0 - - 0 Level III 13,155 83 14352 84 14959 85 15535 97.4 14,472 97.18 20,413 97 Source: MHO (Access to Safe Drinking Water)

For 2010, the main source of drinking water is bottled/purified/distilled water (considered by authorities as safe drinking water), with 12,441 households or 54.98% of all households.

Table 156: Main Source of Drinking water, 2010 Main Source of Drinking Water # of hh % Community Water System 4,606 20.36% Shared Community Water System 1,588 7.02%

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Own Deepwell 226 1.00% Shared Deepwell 277 1.22% Own Artesian well 8 0.04% Shared Artesian well 44 0.19% Own Shallow well 16 0.07% Shared Shallow well 97 0.43% River, Stream, Lake, Spring, other bodies of water 2,937 12.98% Bottled Water / Purified / Distilled water 12,441 54.98% Tanker/Peddler 292 1.29% Others 87 0.38% Not Stated 8 0.04% Total 22,627 100.00% Source: CBMS 2010

For those households who do not use bottled / purified / distilled water, for 6,499 households or 62% of all households, the source of drinking water is still within the premises of their home. For 19%, their main source of drinking water is outside their premises within 250 meters or less. And for 8%, access to safe water is more difficult.

Table 157: Distance of home to the Main Source of Drinking water, 2010 Distance of the Source of Drinking Water from home # of hh % Within premises 6499 62% Outside premises but 250 meters or less 2023 19% 251 meters or more 847 8% Don’t know 1,049 10% Total 10,418 100.00% Source: CBMS 2011

Communication

Telephone Services The Philippine Long Distance Company operate landline telephone facilities in the municipality covering the urban areas. With mobile phone repeater stations located in the municipality, the use of mobile phones has gained headway.

Telegraphic & Postal Services The Bureau of Telecommunications (BUTEL) operates one telegraphic station equipped with telex machines. It shares its office with the Philippine Postal Corporation, the main postal service provider in the municipality. With internet connections, the use of e-mails has now stepped up, diminishing the role of postal services. But there are 3 private couriers that provide quicker deliveries.

Television and Publications Two Cable Television operators service the urban area the Sky cable and VIACOM. There are at least 7 local newspapers based in La Trinidad, otherwise all other Baguio- based newspapers provide the populace information regarding local community events.

Table 158: Communication Facilities Telephone Philippine Long Distance Company Digitel Mobile Phone Relay Stations Globe Smart Sun cellular Telegraph Bureau of Telecommunications Telex None Postal Philippine Postal Corporation

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JRS Business Corp. LBC Express Wide Wide World Express.

Print Media Cordillera Today Perlas ng Pilipinas Global Filipino New Northern Philippine Times Weekly New and Views The Mountain Beat News SunStar Baguio Baguio Chronicle Media, Inc. Source: Mayor’s Office, Licensing Section

XI. LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Development Concerns

Our Vision

We envision a La Trinidad that is dynamic, self-sustaining, ecologically balanced and peaceful where God-loving and healthy people live in an atmosphere of social justice and effective governance.

Our Mission

Our mission is to provide for adequate and responsive services to enable our citizens to live in comfort, security, and prosperity, through maximum utilization of resources, active people’s participation, active partnership with government organization and the private sector and dedicated public services.

Our Goals a. Improve quality of life; b. Accelerate economic growth; c. Improve access to basic services and facilities & d. Provide a sustainable green, clean and aesthetically pleasing environment.

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Table 159: Poverty Indicators by Barangay, 2010

POVERTY INDICATORS Alapang Alno Ambiong Bahong Balili Beckel Bineng Betag Cruz Lubas Pico Poblacion Puguis Shilan Tawang Wangal Total

HEALTH AND NUTRITION Children 0-5 years old who died 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 4 6 4 5 0 1 2 28 Women who died due to pregnancy related- causes 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 Malnourished children 0-5 years old 12 0 0 1 4 4 1 2 4 1 68 4 0 0 0 1 102 HOUSING Households living in makeshift housing 10 2 95 1 0 1 7 0 5 6 94 27 41 31 20 4 344 Households who are squatters 158 0 5 6 3 4 0 1 0 6 61 6 44 10 0 0 304 WATER AND SANITATION Households without access to safe water 19 242 0 145 105 355 164 0 1 124 62 22 394 502 105 248 2488 Households without access to sanitary toilet facility 3 25 77 31 3 26 4 0 5 23 45 6 93 90 32 20 483 BASIC EDUCATION Children 6-12 years old not attending elementary 19 2 23 17 32 7 1 26 14 18 43 49 28 30 5 13 327 Children 13-16 years old not attending high school 21 15 23 36 52 12 6 22 16 48 89 51 91 43 40 25 590 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD Households with income below poverty threshold 71 90 140 124 90 117 113 54 102 80 262 150 239 277 186 135 2230 Households with income below food threshold 33 48 74 66 47 50 64 22 66 37 116 66 134 182 99 137 1241 Households experienced food shortage 0 0 2 0 8 0 0 2 0 0 260 3 3 0 12 0 290 Unemployed members of the labor force 90 12 101 13 208 4 8 87 33 65 376 192 198 44 76 11 1518 PEACE AND ORDER Members who are victims of crime 14 1 4 8 4 10 3 8 1 7 753 15 8 13 24 7 880

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Budget Classified as a first class municipality by the Department of Budget and Management, the municipal government had an operating of P 246.02 M, with an Internal Revenue Allotment from the national government of P 156.60 M. Budget for the current year increases in the local revenue of the municipality for the past years are due to the efforts to increase tax collection efficiency and the apparent boom in business and commerce.

300

246.02

250 217.07

200 185.87 166.23 164.72 147.7 155 150

100

Total Budget (in millions) 50

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Table 160: Total Budget by Source, 2009-2015 SOURCES/YR. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Local Sources 68.7 59.7 63.73 63.72 69.87 80.37 89.42

Internal Revenue Allotment 79 95.3 102.5 101 116 136.70 156.60 Total Budget 147.7 155 166.23 164.72 185.87 217.07 246.02 Source: Municipal Budget Office

Of the total budget in 2015, 37% goes for Personal Services, 42% goes to Maintenance and Operating Services and 3% goes to Capital Outlay. About 5% goes to Disaster Risk Reduction Expense/Statutory obligations/Non-office expenditures and 20% Development Fund. Part and parcel under Personal Services include salaries and wages and other premiums for government personnel.

In terms of Maintenance and Other Operating Expenditures, a large chunk goes to programs and projects implemented by each office aside from the regular operating expenses of the office. Non-Office Expenditures include other benefits due to personnel, the Calamity Fund and the 20% Development Fund, where most of the infrastructure projects are funded from. It is noted also that the local government exceeds the mandated 20% allocation of the Internal Revenue Allotment.

Table 161: Total Budget by Expense, 2010-2015 Budget by Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ( Php in millions) P % P % P % P % P % P % I. Personal Services 62 40 68 41 73 44 80 43 82 38 91 37 II. Maintenance & Other 53 34 37 23 56 34 68 37 92 42 103 42 Operating Expenditures III. Capital Outlay 8 5 11 7 5 3 3 2 4 2 8 3 IV. Non Office Expenditures/ Statutory Obligations /Others/DRRM 8 5 28 17 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 20% Devt Fund 24 16 21 12 24 14 25 13 28 13 32 13 Total Budget 155 100 166 100 167 155 186 100 217 167 246 100 Source: Annual Budgets

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Revenues & Receipts Total Income has increased from Php 141 M in 2008 to PhP 261 M in 2013. But expenses have also doubled from Php 121 M in 2008 to Php 188 M in 2013. In terms of net income, Php 20 M was realized in 2008, and this has increased to Php 73 M in 2013.

Table 162: Comparative Income and Expenditures, (2009 - 2014) Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Income (Php in mil) P % P % P % P % P % P % General Income Accts. Permits and Licenses 9 5 8 4 9 4 11 5 12 5 15 5 Service Income 9 5 12 6 14 7 15 7 16 6 18.5 6 Business Income 29 16 31 16 35 16 40 18 45 17 44.9 16 Subsidy Income 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Income 96 53 102 52 111 51 107 47 131 50 145 50 Tax Revenues Local Taxes 40 21 44 22 48 22 53 23 57 22 64 22 Gain/Loss Accounts Total Income 184 198 217 226 261 287.4 Less: Expenses Personal Services 84 66 91 65 99 65 106 47 119 46 111 57 MOOE 44 34 49 35 54 35 58 26 69 26 83 43 Total Expenses 127 69 140 71 153 71 164 73 188 72 194 68 NET INCOME 55 31 58 29 64 29 62 27 73 28 93 32 Source: Mun Accounting Office

Comparative Income and Expenditures (In P Mil)

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Revenue by Source, 2014 Local Taxes, Permits and Service 64, 22% Licenses, 15, Income, 5% 18.5, 6% Out of the sources of income for 2014, 50% came from the National coffers (other income). Of the local sources, Business Income accounted for 16%, Tax Revenue at 22%, Service income at 6%, and Permits and Licenses at 5%. Business Income, 44.9, 16% Other Income, 145, 51% Source: Mun. Accounting Office

Programs & Projects For the current year 2015, most of the municipal budget is appropriated for General Public Services, equivalent to 54.85% of the total budget. The rest of the budget is broken down as follows: 7.65% is appropriated for Economic Development Services, 4.96% for the required Disaster Risk Reduction Fund, and an amount was allotted for the Aid to Barangays. Slight changes in allocation are seen in the Social Development Services which increased slightly from 15.70% in 2014 to 19.73% in 2015. But the 20% (of the IRA) Development Fund decreased from 13.50% to 12.80%.

Table 163: Budgetary Allocation by Sectoral Service, 2013-2015 Budget Year 2013 2014 2015 Budgetary Allocation P % P % P % Economic Development Services 15.36 8.26% 15.36 8.26% 18.83 7.65% General Public Services 107 57.6% 107 57.6% 134.95 54.85% Social Development Services 29.17 15.7% 29.17 15.7% 48.53 19.73% 20% Municipal Development Fund 25 13.5% 25 13.5% 31.5 12.80% 5% Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund 9.3 5% 9.3 5% 12.2 4.96% Aid to Barangays 0.016 0% 0.016 0% 0.016 0.01% Total 185.869 100% 185.869 100% 246.02 100.00%

160

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Budget per sector (in millions) Economic General Public Social Dev't. 20% 5% LDRRMF Aid to Dev't. Services Services Services Municipal Barangays Dev't. Fund 2013 2014 2015

At least 20% of the Internal Revenue Allotment is required by law to fund development projects, known as the 20% Municipal Development Fund, the amount in 2014 was Php 27.50M and for 2015, Php 31.5 M.

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Table 164: 20% Development Fund Programs, Projects, and Activities, 2013-2015 Programs and Projects 2013 2014 2015 I. Social Development Services A. Health Services 1.1 1.0 0.00 B. Social Welfare & Development Services 1.25 2.0 3.30 C. General Public Development Services 5.15 .30 4.30 II. Economic Development Services A. Infrastructure Services 4.45 1.14 12.86 B. Agricultural Services - 9.26 1.50 C. Commerce, Trade, & Industry Services 0.5 5.20 5.00 D. Domestic Water Development Services 0.5 .50 12.86 III. Environment & Natural Resources Preservation Services A. Solid Waste Management Services 10.6 6.95 4.53 B. Forest & Watershed Protection Services 0.75 .95 0.00 C. Drainage, Sewerage, & Flood Control Services 0.7 .20 0.00 TOTAL Php (mil) 25 27.50 31.50 Source: 20% Development Fund, 2013-2015

Organization & Staffing A total of 350 personnel comprise the municipal organization among 13 different offices. Out of the 350, 206 are permanent employees, 16 are casual employees, 112 are on contractual and job order basis, 12 are elective officials, and 4 co-terminous employees. Attached offices include the Municipal Local Government Operations Office-DILG, La Trinidad Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Municipal rail Court, and the Commission on Elections, whose wages comes from the national coffers.

Table 165: Number of Employees per Office, 2014 OFFICE Male Female Total Permanent Employees Office of the Municipal Mayor 40 12 52 Office of the Sangguniang Bayan 5 4 9 Municipal Legal Office 1 0 1 Municipal Planning & Development Office 7 4 11 Municipal Local Civil Registrar 3 2 5 Municipal Budget Office 1 3 4 Municipal Treasury Office 12 8 20 Municipal Accounting Office 4 6 10 Municipal Assessor’s Office 4 5 9 Municipal Agriculture Office 10 4 14 Municipal Health Office 5 16 21 Municipal Engineering Office 11 2 13 Mun. Social Welfare & Development Office 1 8 8

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Economic Enterprise 42 10 52 SVHR 2 0 2 Sub-total 131 75 231 Casual Employees 5 2 7 Job order Employees 79 50 129 Co-Terminous Employees 2 2 4 Elective Officials 9 2 11 TOTAL 221 129 382 Source: Human Resource Management Section, Mayor’s Office

Municipal Officials Table 166 : Newly Elected Municipal Officials (July 2013- June 2016) Municipal Mayor Hon. Edna C. Tabanda Municipal Vice Mayor Hon. Romeo K. Salda Councillors Hon. John G. Botiwey Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr. Hon. Roderick C. Awingan Hon. Estrella B. Adeban Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero Hon. Francis A. Lee Hon. Henry M. Kipas Hon. Renato B. Tereng Ex- Officio ABC President Hon. Teddy M. Quintos

Sanggunian Bayan Standing Committees

Table 167 : Standing Committees (July 2013- June 2016) Committee Chairperson Finance, Budget, and Appropriations Hon. John G. Botiwey Tourism, Special Events, and External Affairs Hon. Roderick C. Awingan Public Utilities Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero Trade and Industry , Labor, Livelihood, & Accreditation Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr. Personnel, Good Government, Human Rights, and Justice Hon. Estrella B. Adeban Laws, Rules, and Regulation Hon. John G. Botiwey Health Hon. Francis A. Lee Agriculture Hon. Renato B. Tereng Zoning, Housing, Urban and Rural Development Hon. Henry M. Kipas Barangay Affairs Hon. Teddy M. Quintos Peace and Order, Public Safety, and Civil Defence Hon. Francis A. Lee Public Market, & Local Economic Enterprise Hon. Renato B. Tereng Social Services Hon. Estrella B. Adeban Education Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr. Ways and Means Hon. Henry M. Kipas Natural Resources & Environmental Protection Hon. Teddy M. Quintos Public Works, Project Monitoring and Evaluation Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero Youth and Sports Development Hon. Francis A. Lee Cooperative, Private Organization & Non-Government Hon. Estrella B. Adeban Organization Culture & Arts Hon. Francis A. Lee Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Hon. Roderick C. Awingan Solid Waste Management Hon. Teddy M. Quintos Oversight Committee Hon. Henry M. Kipas Source : Sangguniang Bayan Punong Barangays

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Table 168: List of Punong Barangays (October 2013-2016) Alapang Hon. Rolando P. Leon Alno Hon. Jonie S. Puroc Ambiong Hon. Teddy M. Quintos Bahong Hon. Johnny Q. Monang Balili Hon. Ramon B. Tomin Beckel Hon. Allan Y. Maliones Betag Hon. Peter D. Comila Bineng Hon. Felix M. Sito Cruz Hon. Charles T. Canuto Lubas Hon. Roger L. Angel Pico Hon. Juan A. Mendoza Poblacion Hon. Manuel A. Dulnuan Puguis Hon. Sonny Victor D. Balanoy Shilan Hon. Mariano T. Caluza Tawang Hon. Denver D. Gomeyac Wangal Hon. Valentino R. Walang

Community Participation As to the participation of the populace into community affairs, there are 8,678 persons who are members in community organizations. At least 24% are members of civic organizations, 17% are members of the Senior Citizens Association, and 16% are members of a cooperative.

Table 169: Community Membership by Sex # Type of Community Organizations Male Female Total % Religious 290 350 640 7% Youth 317 306 623 7% Cultural 165 184 349 4% Political 45 10 55 1% Women's 10 723 733 8% Agricultural 286 118 404 5% Labor 117 53 170 2% Civic 1,129 968 2,097 24% Cooperative 759 663 1,422 16% Senior Citizens 659 835 1,494 17% Others 345 344 689 8% Not Stated 1 1 2 0% Total 4,123 4,555 8,678 100% Source: CBMS 2010 Access to Government Programs Among all types of government programs, a total of 9,918 households or 44% of all households were able to benefit from government programs. About 4,142 households are members of Philhealth for Indigents, 2,469 households were able to receive health assistance, and 1,082 households were able to avail of credit. Most of the households, at 85% were able to rate the programs positively.

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Table 170: Access to Government Programs by Type, 2010 Type of Govt Program # % Recipient of CARP 117 1% Philhealth for Indigents 4142 42% Supplemental Feeding 992 10% Health Assistance 2469 25% Education / scholarship 557 6% Skills or livelihood training 130 1% Housing program 109 1% Credit program 1082 11% Others 320 3% Total 9918 44% of all hh Source: CBMS 2010

Table 171: Program Effect Rating Rating # % Positive 8436 85% No Effect 1259 13% Negative Effect 223 2% Total 9918 100% Source: CBMS 2010

Local Governance Performance Report, 2009-2012 The Local Governance Performance Management System, or LGPMS for brevity, is an on-line national information system on local governments, introduced by the Department of the Interior and Local Government. It is a self-assessment, management and development tool that enables local governments to determine their capabilities and limitations in the delivery of essential public services. It is a web-based system that has the ability to produce information on the state of local governance performance, and the state of local development, using governance and development indicators.

In 2012, the state of Local Governance Performance of the municipal government report is indicated below in 5 areas of governance. With 5 as the highest rank, the municipal government of La Trinidad excels in its participation, transparency, financial accountability, administrative governance particularly the Human Resource Management and Development, Social Governance, and in Forest Ecosystems Management. In most areas of governance, although not excellent, the local government is doing fairly well. Priority Areas that need improvement are in Entrepreneurship, Business and Industry Promotion and Support to Agriculture Services.

Table 172: LGPMS Ratings, 2009-2012 Governance Indicators/ yr. 2009 2010 2011 2012 Fundamentals of Governance Participation 4.00 5.00 4.83 5.00 Transparency 5.00 4.87 4.87 5.00 Financial Accountability 3.49 4.51 4.59 5.00 Administrative Governance Local Legislation 3.97 3.36 2.54 4.75 Development Planning 4.81 4.86 4.41 4.80 Customer Service - Civil Applications 4.60 4.00 5.00 4.80 Human Resource Management and Development 3.80 4.20 4.20 5.00 Social Governance Health Services 4.74 4.84 4.84 5.00 Support to Education Services 4.90 5.00 4.50 5.00 Support to Housing and Basic Utilities 3.40 5.00 3.40 5.00

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La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile 2014

Peace, Security and Disaster Risk Management 4.79 4.97 3.71 4.78 Economic Governance Support to Agriculture Services 4.00 4.67 4.67 3.71 Entrepreneurship, Business and Industry Promotion 3.50 4.67 4.27 3.94 Environmental Governance Forest Ecosystems Management 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Urban Ecosystems Management 2.59 4.48 4.28 4.65 Source: State of Local Governance Performance, Electronic Report, 2009-2012 ( 5: Highest)

Local Achievements

2007 Most Child- Friendly Municipality Award, Regional Awardee

2008 Most Outstanding LGU in Literacy Program, National Finalist

2009 Presidential Award for Most Child-Friendly Municipalities, National Finalist

2010 Best “One Town, One Product” Implementer Award, National Finalist

2011 Gawad Saka Awardee Agri-Pinoy Awardee Seal of Good Housekeeping Most Improved Municipal Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit

2012 Most Child- Friendly Municipality Award, Presidential Award Best in Promotion and Enhancement of Organic Agriculture, Regional Awardee Best Environmental Practices, Provincial Awardee Seal of Good Housekeeping Seal of Disaster Preparedness

2014 Outstanding Municipality Organic Achievers Award Level II PRIME HRM Award BPLS Compliant Award Most Competitive Municipality in CAR, 2nd Place Gawad Kalasag Award 2014, Regional Awardee (1st), National Awardee (3rd)

This document is prepared by the Research and Evaluation Section of the Office of Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator. Special thanks to Sally Sacpa for the Collated CBMS Data.

Robelyn Madayag Statistician I

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