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Culture Trip stands with Black Lives Matter. The Alps have a unique climate and picturesque beauty that is unlike anywhere else in the world. Interlaken is located in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss Alps. The town also boasts a number of Victorian hotels, such as the Hotel Royal St. Georgea former monastery, and Hotel Victoria-Jungfrauwhich are both listed as Swiss heritage The Swiss Alps of national significance. Find places to stay with our partner, Hotels. Lucerne is largely German-speaking and is located on the shore of Lake Lucerne, in central Switzerland. It has breathtaking views of Mount Pilatus and Rigiso it is no surprise that it has been a popular tourist destination for years. The city straddles the Reuss River, and thus boasts a number of historic and modern bridges. With spectacular vistas of Lake Geneva, and famed for its jazz festival, Montreux is steeped in musical history. The town hosts a number of other music festivals, such as its September Musicalwhich was founded in Zermatt provides incomparable views of the Alps, and the river Matter Vispa trickling through it only adds to the charm of this small town. There are a number of cable cars and chair lifts for skiers, and for those who have a head for heights, the Gornergrat Bahn — the highest open-air railway in Europe — runs to the summit of the Gornergrat. Almost all the cars in the town are electric, making Zermatt very eco-friendly. The town naturally has Roman roots, and was once of ancient military importance due to its location. There are towers dotted along these walls in good condition which also hold historical importance. This a must-visit town for any history buff. A famous historical landmark in the town is its basilica, which was constructed from until Found in the Engadine The Swiss Alps in Switzerland, St. The town is The Swiss Alps after The Swiss Alps. Maurice, an early Christian saint from Egypt who is said to have been martyred in the town. The Winter Olympics were held twice in St. Moritz; first in and again The Swiss Alps It has since held many more sporting events, such as sailing and windsurfing competitions. Moritz is regarded as one of the most expensive ski resorts in the world, and has attracted jet-setters worldwide. The town was the first in Switzerland to have electricity, and also hosted the first golf tournament. It is also a major railway centre, connecting France and Italy. Over the The Swiss Alps it has expanded, and today it is public administration center for the region. It is open to the public for tours and for concerts. The four life-size elephants converge at the base of a column in the shape of the Savoyan cross, and are topped by a statue of de Boigne. Annecy started as the capital of the county of Geneva, before it was integrated into the House of Savoy. It was also a key location during the counter-reformation. Nowadays, the town hosts the Annecy International Animated Film Festivalwhich was established in It was Alpine Town of the Year Bressanone, or Brixen, is the third-largest city and the oldest town in the region of South Tyrol in Italy. Located north of Bolzano, the town was first mentioned in a document inand has a wealth of historical and cultural sites. An example of this is the 10th-century cathedral, which is decorated with Medieval and Renaissance frescoes. The cathedral The Swiss Alps subsequently rebuilt in the Baroque style. Rodenegg Castle is The Swiss Alps located nearby, which also boasts a number of exquisite frescoes. The town is situated at the The Swiss Alps of the Eisack and Rienz rivers, and is home to a major skiing The Swiss Alps known as The Plose. There is also a Pharmacy Museum in the town, which has been run by the Peer family since With its gorgeous Christmas markets, orchards, and vineyards, there is a The Swiss Alps to love about this Alpine town. Select currency. My Plans. Open menu Menu. Read Next. Swiss Alps - Wikipedia The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising The Swiss Alps thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. The altitude The Swiss Alps size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct The Swiss Alps. Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era. A mummified mandetermined to be 5, years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian—Italian border in Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. InNapoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40, The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular, the Romanticsfollowed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to The Swiss Alps the peaks. The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Latin The Swiss Alps Alpes could possibly come from the adjective albus [5] "white"which could possibly come from the Greek goddess Alphitowhose name is related to alphitathe The Swiss Alps flour"; alphosa dull white leprosy; and finally the Proto-Indo-European word alphos. Similarly, the river god Alpheus deity also derives from the Greek alphos and means whitish. In his commentary on the Aeneid of Vergilthe late fourth-century grammarian Maurus Servius Honoratus says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin which is common for prominent mountains and The Swiss Alps ranges in the Mediterranean region. Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albaniahas been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times"Albania" was a name for the eastern Caucasuswhile in the English languages "Albania" or "Albany" was occasionally used as a name for Scotland[7] although it is more likely derived from the Latin word albus[5] the color white. In modern languages The Swiss Alps term alpalmalbe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2. The countries with the greatest alpine territory are Austria The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions. Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwaldpassing over many of the highest and most well-known peaks in the Alps. From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs westwards, before turning to the northwest and then, near the Colle della Maddalenato the north. Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain The Swiss Alps approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna. The Swiss Alps northeast end of the Alpine arc directly on the Danubewhich flows into the Black Sea, is the Leopoldsberg near Vienna. In contrast, the southeastern part of the Alps ends on the Adriatic Sea in the area around Trieste towards Duino and Barcola. The Alps have been The Swiss Alps for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passesand usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. A railroad with a tunnel 1. The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 40, troops in The Swiss Alps pass was crossed by many troops on their way to the Italian peninsula. On June 1, the world's longest railway tunnel, the Gotthard Base Tunnel was opened, which connects Erstfeld in canton of Uri with Bodio in canton of Ticino by two single tubes of He completed his series of ascents in The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in ; the first female ascent in By the mids Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in after seven attemptsand in the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand north face of the Eiger. Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of The Swiss Alps Alps in the 18th century. In the midth century the now defunct theory of The Swiss Alps was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains The Swiss Alps by the midth century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, [30] caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates [33] that began in the late Cretaceous Period. Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent foldsor nappesand thrust faults. Coarse sediments from the continual uplift and erosion were later deposited in foreland areas as molasse. The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene The Swiss Alps differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic Tethyan origin. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates. The core regions of the Alpine orogenic belt have been folded and fractured in such a manner that erosion created the characteristic steep vertical peaks of the Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas. Due to the ever-present geologic instability, earthquakes continue in the Alps to this day. The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries BC during the Hallstatt cultureCeltic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals, such as cinnabaramethystand quartzare found throughout much of the Alpine region. The cinnabar deposits in The Swiss Alps are a notable source of cinnabar pigments. Alpine The Swiss Alps have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler The Swiss Alps the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of crystals that he studied and documented. In The Swiss Alps 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals. Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas. His work was continued by other scientists and now a permanent laboratory exists inside a glacier under the Jungfraujochdevoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers. Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice The Swiss Alps with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. Alpine glaciers can be straight rivers of ice, long sweeping rivers, spread in a fan-like shape Piedmont glaciersand curtains of ice that hang The Swiss Alps vertical slopes of the mountain peaks. The stress of the movement causes the ice to break and crack loudly, perhaps explaining why the mountains were believed to be home to dragons in the The Swiss Alps period. The cracking creates unpredictable and dangerous crevassesoften invisible under new snowfall, which cause the greatest danger to mountaineers. Sometimes a piece of The Swiss Alps will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps. The rivers form lakes, such as Lake Geneva, a crescent shaped lake crossing the Swiss border with Lausanne on the Swiss side and the town The Swiss Alps Evian-les-Bains on the French side. In Germany, the medieval St. Additionally, the Alps have led to the creation of large lakes in Italy. Scientists have been studying the impact of climate change and water use. For example, each year more water is diverted from rivers for snowmaking in the ski resorts, the effect of which is yet unknown. Furthermore, the decrease of glaciated areas combined with a succession of winters with lower-than-expected precipitation The Swiss Alps have a future impact on the rivers in the Alps as well as an effect on the water availability to the lowlands. The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the temperature to decrease see adiabatic lapse rate. The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry The Swiss Alps air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, The Swiss Alps it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain. The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the The Swiss Alps 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff. High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes. The Alps are split into five climatic zones, each with different vegetation. The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which The Swiss Alps to be less severe and receive less snowfall. Various models of climate change have been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps, with an expectation that a trend The Swiss Alps increased temperatures will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff. Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, woodland deciduous and coniferous areas to soil-less scree and morainesand rock faces and ridges. These do not reach exactly to the same elevation, nor are they often found growing The Swiss Alps but their upper limit corresponds accurately enough to the change from a temperate to a colder climate that is further proved The Swiss Alps a change in the presence of wild herbaceous vegetation. Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees Pinus The Swiss Alpswhich is in The Swiss Alps superseded by Alpenrosendwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum on acid soils or Rhododendron hirsutum on alkaline soils. The alpine The Swiss Alps fluctuates greatly because of regional fluctuations in tree lines. Alpine plants such as the Alpine gentian grow in abundance in areas such as the meadows above the Lauterbrunnental. Lawrence described them The Swiss Alps "darkening the day-time, torch- like with the smoking blueness of Pluto's gloom. On the highest rocky ledges The Swiss Alps spring flowers bloom in The Swiss Alps summer. At these higher altitudes, the plants tend to form isolated cushions. The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes.