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Optical Illusions “What You See Is Not What You Get”
Optical Illusions “What you see is not what you get” The purpose of this lesson is to introduce students to basic principles of visual processing. Much of the lesson revolves around the use of visual illusions and interactive demonstrations with the students. The overarching theme of this lesson is that perception and sensation are not necessarily the same, and that optical illusions are a way for us to study the way that our visual system works. Furthermore, there are cells in the visual system that specifically respond to particular aspects of visual stimuli, and these cells can become fatigued. Grade Level: 3-12 Presentation time: 15-30 minutes, depending on which activities are chosen Lesson plan organization: Each lesson plan is divided into three sections: Introducing the lesson, Conducting the lesson, and Concluding the lesson. Each lesson has specific principles with associated figures, class discussion (D), and learning activities (A). This lesson plan is provided by the Neurobiology and Behavior Community Outreach Team at the University of Washington: http://students.washington.edu/watari/neuroscience/k12/LessonPlans.html 1 Materials: Computer to display some optical illusions (optional) Checkerboard illusion: Provided on page 8 or available online with explanation at http://web.mit.edu/persci/people/adelson/checkershadow_illusion.html Lilac chaser movie: http://www.scientificpsychic.com/graphics/ as an animated gif or http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/col_lilacChaser/index.html as Adobe Flash and including scientific explanation -
Blindsight in Man and Monkey
braini0301 Brain (1997), 120, 535–559 INVITED REVIEW Blindsight in man and monkey Petra Stoerig1 and Alan Cowey2 1Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Correspondence to: Petra Stoerig, Institute of Medical University, Munich, Germany and 2Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestraβe Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK 31, D-80336 Munich, Germany Summary In man and monkey, absolute cortical blindness is caused by degeneration. While extrastriate cortical areas participate in destruction of the optic radiations and/or the primary visual the mediation of the forced-choice responses, a concomitant cortex. It is characterized by an absence of any conscious striate cortical activation does not seem to be necessary for vision, but stimuli presented inside its borders may blindsight. Whether the loss of phenomenal vision is a nevertheless be processed. This unconscious vision includes necessary consequnce of striate cortical destruction and neuroendocrine, reflexive, indirect and forced-choice whether this structure is indispensable for conscious sight responses which are mediated by the visual subsystems are much debated questions which need to be tackled that escape the direct cerebral damage and the ensuing experimentally. Keywords: cortical blindness; blindsight; residual vision; phenomenal vision; visual system Abbreviations: dLGN 5 dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; OKN 5 optokinetic nystagmus; PGN 5 pregeniculate nucleus; ROC 5 receiver-operating-characteristic curve Introduction ‘A survey of the recent literature indicates that the roˆle of gaining a better understanding of how the visual system the occipital lobes in visually guided behavior in general works and, by exclusion, of getting a hold on the neuronal cannot be properly evaluated as long as investigators are correlate of conscious vision. -
Color Afterimages in Autistic Adults
Color afterimages in autistic adults Article (Published Version) Maule, John, Stanworth, Kirstie, Pellicano, Elizabeth and Franklin, Anna (2018) Color afterimages in autistic adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48 (4). pp. 1409-1421. ISSN 0162-3257 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61156/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk J Autism Dev Disord DOI 10.1007/s10803-016-2786-5 S.I. : LOCAL VS. GLOBAL PROCESSING IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS Color Afterimages in Autistic Adults 1 1 2 1 John Maule • Kirstie Stanworth • Elizabeth Pellicano • Anna Franklin Ó The Author(s) 2016. -
Signature Redacted
SENSATION VS. PERCEPTION A Study and Analysis of Two Methods Affecting Cognition MSAHUSETT S INSTIfUTE by OF TECHNOLOGY Xiaoyan Shen AUG 2 2 2019 B.A.S. New Media LIBRARIES City University of Hong Kong ARCHIVES Submitted to the Department of Architecture In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Art, Culture and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2019 © 2019 Xiaoyan Shen. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted ............................................... SIGNATURE OF AUTHOR Department of Architecture Signature redacted May10,2019 CERTIFIED BY Judith Barry Professor of Art, Culture and Technology Thesis Supervisor Signature-redacted ACCEPTED BY Nasser Rabbat Aga Khan Professor Chair of the Department Committee on Graduate Students COMMITTEE Thesis Supervisor Judith Barry Professor of Art, Culture and Technology Thesis Reader Caroline A. Jones Professor of History, Theory and Criticism 3 SENSATION VS. PERCEPTION A Study and Analysis of Two methods Affecting Cognition by Xiaoyan Shen Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 10, 2019 In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Art, Culture and Technology Abstract In this thesis I discuss methods of projects that create cognitive effects that can be categorized into two situations: through sensation (outside stimulations/objective/bottom-up processing in neuroscience) or through perception (arousing background knowledge of inner mind/subjective/top-down processing in neuroscience). Similar effects can be reached through different ways. -
Color Appearance Models Second Edition
Color Appearance Models Second Edition Mark D. Fairchild Munsell Color Science Laboratory Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Color Appearance Models Wiley–IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology Series Editor: Michael A. Kriss Formerly of the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories and the University of Rochester The Reproduction of Colour (6th Edition) R. W. G. Hunt Color Appearance Models (2nd Edition) Mark D. Fairchild Published in Association with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology Color Appearance Models Second Edition Mark D. Fairchild Munsell Color Science Laboratory Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 This book was previously publisher by Pearson Education, Inc Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770571. This publication is designed to offer Authors the opportunity to publish accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. -
Kinsella Feb 13
MORPHEUS: A BILDUNGSROMAN A PARTIALLY BACK-ENGINEERED AND RECONSTRUCTED NOVEL MORPHEUS: A BILDUNGSROMAN A PARTIALLY BACK-ENGINEERED AND RECONSTRUCTED NOVEL JOHN KINSELLA B L A Z E V O X [ B O O K S ] Buffalo, New York Morpheus: a Bildungsroman by John Kinsella Copyright © 2013 Published by BlazeVOX [books] All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without the publisher’s written permission, except for brief quotations in reviews. Printed in the United States of America Interior design and typesetting by Geoffrey Gatza First Edition ISBN: 978-1-60964-125-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2012950114 BlazeVOX [books] 131 Euclid Ave Kenmore, NY 14217 [email protected] publisher of weird little books BlazeVOX [ books ] blazevox.org 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 B l a z e V O X trip, trip to a dream dragon hide your wings in a ghost tower sails crackling at ev’ry plate we break cracked by scattered needles from Syd Barrett’s “Octopus” Table of Contents Introduction: Forging the Unimaginable: The Paradoxes of Morpheus by Nicholas Birns ........................................................ 11 Author’s Preface to Morpheus: a Bildungsroman ...................................................... 19 Pre-Paradigm .................................................................................................. 27 from Metamorphosis Book XI (lines 592-676); Ovid ......................................... 31 Building, Night ...................................................................................................... -
Vision V Overview of Topics Chapter 8 in Goldstein Perceiving Movement (Chp
Vision V Overview of Topics Chapter 8 in Goldstein Perceiving Movement (chp. 9 in 7th ed.) • Movement is tied up with all other aspects of vision (colour, depth, shape perception...) • Differentiating self-motion from other- motion. • Physiology of motion perception • Higher order motion processing 1 2 1 2 Motion is Everything Motion Makes Colour • J.J. Gibson criticized standard perception research & proposed the “ecological approach” instead. • Gibson: Motion is tied up with all other aspects of vision. Studying reductionistic static stimuli is the wrong way to go. • Example: We don’t stand still while looking at objects but perception researchers still use static images of objects in their research. 3 4 3 4 Motion Defines Depth Motion Defines Shape (and 3D Shape) 5 6 5 6 Five Ways to Perceive Movement Motion is Always There • Real movement • Apparent movement (Even When it Isn’t) • Induced movement (a.k.a. relative movement) • Movement aftereffect • Movement illusions in static stimuli 7 8 7 8 Real Movement Apparent Movement (or is it?) 9 10 9 10 Induced Motion Movement Aftereffects • Movement aftereffect • Observer looks at movement of object for 30 to 60 sec • Then observer looks at a stationary object • Movement appears to occur in the opposite direction from the original movement • Waterfall illusion is an example of this 11 12 11 12 Motion Aftereffects Motion Illusions (Waterfall Illusion) in Static Stimuli 13 14 13 14 Functions of Movement Questions Perception • Survival in the environment What are five ways to perceive motion? • Predators use movement of prey as a primary • means to location in hunting What other aspects of vision does motion • • Prey must be able to gauge movement of predators play a role in? to avoid them. -
Visual Perception Glossary
Visual Perception Glossary Amodal perception The part of an object that is not visible because occlu- ded can be amodally perceived. Amodal perception is different and one step removed from modal percepti- on of real or illusory contours. Apparent motion When an object is presented at two different locati- ons after a brief time interval observers perceive mo- tion. The fi rst empirical investigation was carried out by Sigmund Exner . His aim, as well as the subsequent work by Max Wertheimer , was in establishing that motion was a basic sensation. Attention Refers to the selective processing of some aspect of information, while ignoring other information. The sudden onset of a stimulus can capture attention, but people can also exert some control on where they di- rect their attention. Bi-stable stimulus A particular stimulus that can produce two percepts over time, even though it is unchanged as a stimulus. An example is the Necker cube . Brightness Brightness refers to perception of how much light is coming from a given surface or object. A brighter objects refl ects more light than a less bright object. However perception of brightness is not fully deter- mined by luminance (see Illusory contours). 192 Visual Perception Glossary Cerebral lobe The cerebral cortex of the human brain is divided into four main lobes. Frontal (at the front), occipital (at the back), temporal (on the sides) and parietal (at the top). Consciousness Sorry this is too hard, your guess is as good as mine. Cortex The cortex is the outer layer of the brain . In most mammals the cortex is folded and this allows the surface to have a greater area given in the confi ned space available inside the skull. -
Introduction
Andrew Stockman INTRODUCTION Advanced Colour NEUR 3001/G001/M001 Advanced Visual Andrew Neuroscience Stockman Light 400 - 700 nm is important for vision How dependent are we on colour? Advanced Colour 1 Andrew Stockman No colour… Colour… ACHROMATIC COMPONENTS Split the image into... But just how important is colour? CHROMATIC COMPONENTS Advanced Colour 2 Andrew Stockman CHROMATIC COMPONENTS ACHROMATIC COMPONENTS Chromatic information by itself provides relatively Achromatic information is important for fine detail … limited information… How do we see colours? Human photoreceptors Rods Cones An image of the world is . Achromatic . Daytime, achromatic projected by the cornea and night vision and chromatic vision lens onto the rear surface of . 1 type . 3 types the eye: the retina. Rod Long‐wavelength‐ sensitive (L) or “red” cone Middle‐wavelength‐ sensitive (M) or “green” cone The back of the retina is carpeted by a layer of light‐ Short‐wavelength‐ sensitive photoreceptors sensitive (S) or “blue” (rods and cones). cone Advanced Colour 3 Andrew Stockman Rod and cone distribution Central fovea is rod-free, and the very central foveola is rod- and S-cone free 0.3 mm of eccentricity is about 1 deg of visual angle Chromophore (chromo- color, + -phore, producer) Light-catching portion of any molecule 11-cis retinal. The molecule is twisted at the 11th carbon. Photopigment molecule (cone) From Sharpe, Stockman, Jägle & Nathans, 1999 Advanced Colour 4 Andrew Stockman Chromophore Chromophore A photon is absorbed A photon is absorbed the energy of which initiates a conformational change to… Chromophore Chromophore A photon is absorbed This process is binary: all (1) or nothing (0). -
The Mccollough Effect: Dissociating Retinal from Spatial Coordinates
Perception & Psychophysics 1993. 54 (4). 515-526 The McCollough effect: Dissociating retinal from spatial coordinates FELICE L. BEDFORD and KAREN S. REINKE University ofArizona, Tucson, Arizona Three experiments were conducted to dissociate the perceived orientation of a stimulus from its orientation on the retina while inducing the McCollough effect. In the first experiment, the typical contingency between color and retinal orientation was eliminated by having subjects tilt their head 90 0 for half of the induction trials while the stimuli remained the same. The only relation remaining was that between color and the perceived or spatial orientation, which led to only a small contingent aftereffect. In contrast, when the spatial contingency was eliminated in the second experiment, the aftereffect was as large as when both contingencies were present. Finally, a third experiment determined that part of the small spatial effect obtained in the first experiment could be traced to hidden higher order retinal contingencies. The study suggested that even under optimal conditions the McCollough effect is not concerned with real-world prop erties of objects or events. Implications for several classes of theories are discussed. The McCollough effect (ME) is viewed by some re how many pairs of attributes other than color and oriented searchers to be an instance of learning; the most well de lines can lead to contingent aftereffects (see Dodwell & veloped explanation in that class has appealed to Pavlov Humphrey, 1990; Harris, 1980; Siegel et al. 1992; ian conditioning (e.g., Allan & Siegel, 1986; Murch, 1976; Skowbo, 1984; Stromeyer, 1978)? Color can be made Siegel, Allan, & Eissenberg, 1992; Westbrook & Harri contingent on velocity, direction of motion can be made son, 1984). -
Optical Illusions
Optical Illusions Graphic Illusions The red squares are the same color in the upper part and in the lower part of the "X" Afterimage An afterimage is a visual impression that remains in the retina after the initial stimulus is removed. The afterimage always has colors that are complementary to those of the original image. Look steadily at the cross in the center of the picture to see an afterimage. Count the black dots Are the horizontal lines parallel or do they slope? How many legs does this elephant have? Do you see the face? Or an Eskimo? Do you see gray areas in between the squares? Now where did they come from? Are the purple lines straight or bent? Focus on the dot in the centre and move your head Backwards and forwards, weird hey…. Is this possible? You should see a man’s face and also a word… Hint: Try tilting your head to the right, the word begins with ‘L’ Keep staring at the black dot. Ater a while the gray haze around it Will appear to shrink. 1. Relax and concentrate on the 4 small dots in the middle of the picture for about 30-40 seconds 2. Then take a look at a wall near you (any smooth, single colored surface) 3. You will see a circle of light developing 4. Start blinking your eyes a couple of times and you will see a figure emerging…. 5. What do you see? Moreover, who do you see? Are the diagonal lines are parallel. EYE PUZZLE This rectangle of seemingly random colored dots contains a message. -
Optical Illusion - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Optical illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Try Beta Log in / create account article discussion edit this page history [Hide] Wikipedia is there when you need it — now it needs you. $0.6M USD $7.5M USD Donate Now navigation Optical illusion Main page From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Featured content This article is about visual perception. See Optical Illusion (album) for Current events information about the Time Requiem album. Random article An optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is characterized by search visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. There are three main types: literal optical illusions that create images that are interaction different from the objects that make them, physiological ones that are the An optical illusion. The square A About Wikipedia effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type is exactly the same shade of grey Community portal (brightness, tilt, color, movement), and cognitive illusions where the eye as square B. See Same color Recent changes and brain make unconscious inferences. illusion Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Contents [hide] Help 1 Physiological illusions toolbox 2 Cognitive illusions 3 Explanation of cognitive illusions What links here 3.1 Perceptual organization Related changes 3.2 Depth and motion perception Upload file Special pages 3.3 Color and brightness