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Community Composition of Bats in Cusuco National Park, Honduras, a Mesoamerican Cloud Park, Including New Regional and Altitudinal Records

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Community Composition of Bats in Cusuco National Park, Honduras, a Mesoamerican Cloud Park, Including New Regional and Altitudinal Records Community Composition of Bats in Cusuco National Park, Honduras, a Mesoamerican Cloud Park, Including New Regional and Altitudinal Records Pamela Medina-Van Berkum, Kevina Vulinec, Declan Crace, Zeltia López Gallego, and Thomas Edward Martin No. 3 Neotropical Naturalist 2020 NEOTROPICAL NATURALIST Board of Editors ♦ The Neotropical Naturalist (ISSN 2327-5472) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles on David Barrington, Department of Plant Biology, all aspects of the natural history sciences of terres- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA trial, freshwater, and marine organisms and the en- William G. R. Crampton, University of Central vironments of the neotropics from Mexico through Florida, Orlando, FL, USA the southern tip of South America. Manuscripts Paulo Estefano Dineli Bobrowiec, Instituto based on field studies outside of this region that Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil provide information on species within this region Valentina Ferretti, Universidad de Buenos Aires, may be considered at the Editor’s discretion. Argentina ♦ Manuscript subject matter - The Neotropical Danny Haelewaters, Ghent University, Belgium Naturalist welcomes manuscripts based on field- Matthew Halley, Drexel University, Philadelphia, work, observations, and associated lab work that PA, USA focus on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine fauna, Christopher M. Heckscher, Department of flora, and habitats. Subject areas include, but are Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware not limited to, field ecology, biology, conserva- State University, Dover, DE, USA tion applications, behavior, biogeography, tax- Ian MacGregor-Fors, Instituto de Ecología onomy, evolution, anatomy, and physiology. Mexico, Veracruz, Mexico ♦ It offers article-by-article online publication Klaus Mehltreter, Institute of Ecology, A.C., for prompt distribution to a global audience. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico ♦ It offers authors the option of publishing large Jorge Ari Noriega A., Universidad de los Andes, files such as data tables, and audio and video Colombia clips as online supplemental files. Jason M. Townsend, Biology Department, ♦ Special issues - The Neotropical Naturalist- Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, USA welcomes proposals for special issues that are Judit Ungvari, Florida Museum of Natural based on conference proceedings or on a series History, Gainesville, FL, USA of invitational articles. Special issue editors can Fredric V. Vencl, Stony Brook University, Stony rely on the publisher’s years of experiences in Brook, NY. National Museum of Natural efficiently handling most details relating to the History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, publication of special issues. DC, USA ♦ Indexing - As is the case with Eagle Hill's Kevina Vulinec, Department of Agriculture and other journals, the Neotropical Naturalist is ex- Natural Resources, Delaware State University, pected to be fully indexed in Elsevier, Thomson Dover, DE, USA Reuters, Proquest, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and other databases. ♦ The journal's staff is pleased to discuss ideas for manuscripts and to assist during all stages of manuscript preparation. The journal has a page charge to help defray a portion of the costs of publishing manuscripts. Instructions for Authors are available (http://www.eaglehill.us/neon). ♦ It is co-published with the Northeastern Naturalist, Southeastern Naturalist, Caribbe- an Naturalist, Urban Naturalist, and Eastern Paleontologist. ♦ It is available online in full-text version on the journal's website (http://www.eaglehill.us/neon). Arrangements for inclusion in other databases are pending. Cover Photograph: Centurio senex in the cloud forests of Cusuco National Park, north-west Honduras. Photograph © Anikó Kurali. The Neotropical Naturalist (ISSN # 2327-5472) is published by the Eagle Hill Institute, PO Box 9, 59 Eagle Hill Road, Steuben, ME 04680-0009. Phone 207-546-2821 Ext. 4, FAX 207-546-3042. E-mail: [email protected]. Webpage: http://www.eaglehill. us/neon. Copyright © 2020, all rights reserved. Published on an article by article basis. Special issue proposals are welcome. The Neotropical Naturalist is an open access journal. Authors: Submission guidelines are available at http://www.eaglehill.us/ neon. Co-published journals: The Northeastern Naturalist, Southeastern Naturalist, Caribbean Naturalist, Urban Naturalist, and Eastern Paleontologist, each with a separate Board of Editors. The Eagle Hill Institute is a tax exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit corpora- tion of the State of Maine (Federal ID # 010379899). 2020 Neotropical Naturalist No. 3 2020 P. Medina-Van Berkum, K.NEOTROPICAL Vulinec, D. Crace, NATURALIST Z. Lopez Gallego, and T. E. Martin 3:1–24 Community Composition of Bats in Cusuco National Park, Honduras, a Mesoamerican Cloud Forest, Including New Regional and Altitudinal Records Pamela Medina-Van Berkum1*, Kevina Vulinec1,2, Declan Crace1, Zeltia López Gallego1, and Thomas Edward Martin1 Abstract - Mesoamerican cloud forests support diverse bat communities, but remain poorly studied. Here, we provide an overview of the bat community of Cusuco National Park (CNP), Honduras, an area of tropical cloud forest and adjacent lowland habitats. Our results are based on one of the longest-running bat surveys completed regionally to date. Mist nets were deployed over 14 eight-week research seasons running June through August 2006 to 2019. A total of 6,854 bats were caught, with 59 species identified, including two major range extensions (Natalus lanatus and Eptesicus brasiliensis) and three species at higher elevations than previously reported. Species richness estimators predicted 63 bat species in the park. We highlight CNP as an important center of bat diversity and an important conservation priority. Introduction Cloud forests are complex ecosystems which typically span a range of environmental gradients related to climate, soil, and geomorphological conditions. Consequently, cloud forests are one of the more diverse ecosystems worldwide, harbouring high numbers of endemic and threatened species, as well as providing a range of important ecosystem services (Bruijnzeel et al. 2010, Bubb et al. 2004). In these forests, more than the 40% of mammal species are bats (Bruijnzeel et al. 2010), which play a pivotal role in ecological processes, acting as seed dispersers, pollinators, and prey population regulators (Fleming 1993, Kalko et al. 1996, Medellín et al. 2000). The cloud forests of Central America, which form part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity ‘hotspot’ (Myers et al. 2000, Myers 2003), occur disjunctively from southern Mexico to Panama and support diverse and highly endemic species assemblages for most faunal groups (CEPF 2019, Powell and Palminteri 2001). However, despite their biological importance, comparatively little research has examined the composition of ecological communities in these cloud forests (Bubb et al. 2004); a trend that includes bat communities (Reid 2009). Most community-level bat research in Mesoamerican cloud forests to date has focussed on Mexico (e.g., Briones-Salas et al. 2005, Calderón-Patrón et al. 2013, Pineda et al. 2005) and Costa Rica (LaVal 2004, LaVal and Fitch 1977), with Chiroptera research in the contiguous countries of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua largely confined to species-specific records from lowland ecosystems (e.g., Divoll and Buck 2013, Fenton 2001, Herrera et al. 2018, Loza et al. 2018, Medina-Fitoria et al. 2015, Mora et al. 2014). There are many aspects of the distribution and ecology of Honduran bat populations that remain unknown. Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding distributions of species within different habitats, as well as data on species ecology, community composition, and spatial patterns of diversity within different cloud forest ecosystems. Faunal communities in cloud forests are facing severe threats from deforestation (Bubb et al. 2004, Mulligan 2010) and climate change (Neate-Clegg et al. 2019, Pounds et al. 1999). Without an understanding of regional species distributions, it is difficult 1Operation Wallacea Ltd., Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 4EX, UK. 2Delaware State Uni- versity, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dover, DE 19901, USA. Manuscript Editor: Fredric Vencl 1 2020 Neotropical Naturalist No. 3 P. Medina-Van Berkum, K. Vulinec, D. Crace, Z. Lopez Gallego, and T. E. Martin to identify conservation priority areas or assess the conservation value of specific Mesoamerican cloud forest ecosystems. This study attempts to partially address this research gap by summarizing data from one of the longest-running bat surveys in northern Central America in order to characterize the cloud forest bat community of Cusuco National Park (CNP), north-west Honduras. We report all species recorded from these surveys, as well as provide altitudinal delimitations for all species in our inventory and identify notable range extensions and altitudinal records. We construct species accumulation curves and non-parametric species richness estimators to extrapolate overall diversity within CNP and examine species turnover and feeding guild dominance across the Park’s altitudinal gradient. Thus, we provide the most detailed overview of bat community structure in a northern Central American cloud forest published to date. Methods Study site CNP (15°32′31″ N, 088° 15′49″ W) is a 23,440 ha protected area spanning the departments of Cortés and Santa Bárbara in north-west Honduras (Fig. 1). It is located in the Sierra
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