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Analysis of the Reproductive Stage and Ovarian Histomorphometry of Dermanura Cinerea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in an Atlantic Forest Fragment of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil1

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Analysis of the Reproductive Stage and Ovarian Histomorphometry of Dermanura Cinerea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in an Atlantic Forest Fragment of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil1 Pesq. Vet. Bras. 38(1):167-174, janeiro 2018 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2018000100026 Analysis of the reproductive stage and ovarian histomorphometry of Dermanura cinerea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil1 Nivaldo B. Lima Junior2*, Maria J.G. Arandas2, Fabricya R. Silva2, Erivaldo A. Antonio2, Francisco C.A. Aguiar Júnior3, Álvaro A.C. Teixeira2, José E. Garcia3 and Katharine R.P. Santos3 ABSTRACT.- Lima Junior N.B., Arandas M.J.G., Silva F.R., Antonio E.A., Aguiar Júnior F.C.A., Teixeira A.A.C., Garcia J.E. & Santos K.R.P. 2018. Analysis of the reproductive stage and ovarian histomorphometry of Dermanura cinerea (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veteriná- ria Brasileira 38(1):167-174. Área de Morfologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] This study aimed to analyze the reproductive stage, histology and morphometry of the ovary of Dermanura cinerea in an Atlantic Forest fragments in the Biological Reser- ve of Saltinho, Pernambuco, Brazil. Adult females were captured monthly by mist net, during two consecutive nights from June/2014 to November/2015. The meteorological data were provided by the National Institute of Meteorology and grouped together with the reproductive data, in six periods: period I (June to August/2014), period II (Sep- tember to November/2014), period III (December/2014 to February/2015), period IV (March to May/2015), period V (June to August/2015) and period VI (September to Inactive, pregnant, lactating and postlactating. Among the 25 females caught, 10 inactive femalesNovember/2015). were selected The forfemales the histomorphometric were classified according analysis to oftheir the reproductive ovaries and thenstages they in: and included in Paraplast. The organs were cut and stained by Hematoxylin – Eosin and thewere histological euthanized. slides After produced that, the specimenswere submitted had their to the ovaries appropriate removed, optical fixed, microscope processed analysis. Each type of ovarian follicle was estimated according to the histological charac- teristics evidenced for other mammals. In the morphometric analysis, it was considered: of ovarian follicles (unilaminar and multilaminar primary follicles, antral and matures) andThe areacorpus of theluteum, ovary as (measured well as the in area square of each millimeter), by those Quantification different follicles of different (measured types in square micrometer) The results indicated that 16 females were inactive, 5 were lac- tating, 4 were pregnant and no post-lactating. The histological analysis revealed that the ovaries of D. cinerea exhibit characteristics, structures and cellular types similar to other mammals. The morphometric data of the study area were statistically evaluated using the Student’s t-test. Therefore, ovarian histomorphometric analysis are very im- portant to infer with greater certainty about the reproduction of a species. Thus, it was observed that females of D. cinerea exhibit two reproductive peaks, that is, they can give 1 Received on August 4, 2016. Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. *Corresponding Accepted for publication on July 17, 2017. author: [email protected] 2 Área de Morfologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, 3 Núcleo de Biologia, UFPE, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória (CAV), Rua Alto do Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Reservatório s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil. 167 168 Nivaldo B. Lima Junior et al. birth either at the end of dry periods or from the beginning to the middle of the rainy season. The main feature observed in the ovary of this species, found in the Atlantic Fo- rest area of the state of Pernambuco, is the preparation of the ovarian cortex to ovulate in months of high rainfall throughout the year. Therefore, this species tries to adjust its reproductive period with the variations of the environmental conditions, so that the re- production might occur during the period more favorable for the maintenance of their offspring. INDEX TERMS: Reproductive stage, ovarian histomorphometry, Dermanura cinerea, Chi- roptera, Phyllostomidae, Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco, bat, bimodal polyestry, ovary. RESUMO.- [Análise do estágio reprodutivo e histomor- buco, foi a preparação do córtex ovariano para ovular em fometria ovariana de Dermanura cinerea (Chiroptera: meses de elevados índices pluviométricos ao longo do ano. Phyllostomidae) em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica Logo, essa espécie procura ajustar seu período reprodutivo de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil.] Esse estudo obje- com as variações das condições ambientais, de forma que a tivou analisar o estágio reprodutivo, histologia e morfome- reprodução ocorra em períodos mais favoráveis para ma- tria do ovário de Dermanura cinerea em um fragmento de nutenção da prole. Mata Atlântica da Reserva Biológica de Saltinho (Pernam- TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Estágio reprodutivo, histomorfometria buco, Brasil). Foram utilizadas fêmeas adultas capturadas ovariana, Dermanura cinerea, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Mata por redes de neblina, de modo que as coletas ocorreram Atlântica, Pernambuco, Brasil, morcego, poliestria bimodal, ovário. mensalmente, durante duas noites consecutivas de Ju- nho/2014 a Novembro/2015. Os dados meteorológicos INTRODUCTION foram fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e agrupados, juntamente com os dados reprodutivos, em seis In the Order Chiroptera, the patterns and strategies repro- períodos, sendo estes: período I (Junho a agosto/2014), ductive are diverse and consist of the most varied among período II (Setembro a novembro/2014), período III (De- mammals (Peracchi et al. 2006). These strategies and pat- zembro/2014 a fevereiro/2015) período IV (Março a terns are determined by several factors, such as: tempe- maio/2015), período V (Junho a agosto/2015) e período rature, precipitation, habitat, Family, Genus and even the VI (Setembro a novembro/2015). As fêmeas foram classi- same species may present different reproductive patterns in different locations (Racey & Entwistle 2000, Beguelini grávidas, lactantes e pós-lactantes. Das 25 fêmeas captura- et al. 2013a, Godoy et al. 2014). Four types of reproductive das,ficadas, foram de selecionadas,acordo com o para estágio as análises reprodutivo histomorfométri em: inativas,- patterns are described for bats that inhabit the Neotropical cas dos ovários, 10 fêmeas inativas, as quais foram eutana- region: seasonal monoestry, seasonal polyestry, non-seaso- siadas. Depois disso, os espécimes tiveram os seus ovários nal polyestry and bimodal seasonal polyestry (Fleming et al. 1972, Willig 1985, Estrada & Coates-Estrada 2001, Zor- Os cortes foram corados por Hematoxilina – Eosina e as téa 2003). lâminasremovidos, histológicas fixados, processados produzidas forame inclusos submetidas em paraplast. às de- In this way, species of bats that inhabit areas of the Ne- vidas análises em microscópio óptico. Cada tipo de folículo otropical region and that feed on fruits and insects, Kunz ovariano foi estimado de acordo com as características his- (1982) emphasized that births may occur at the end of tológicas evidenciadas para outros mamíferos. Nas análises September and beginning of October that correspond to morfométricas, considerou-se: a área do ovário (mensura- births may occur later, between October and November. In tipos de folículos ovarianos (primários unilaminar e mul- addition,the months Fleming which etprecede al. (1972) the first and peakHeithaus of rain, et al.As (1975)well as tilaminar,da em milímetro antrais equadrado), maduros) quantificaçãoe corpo lúteo, dosbem diferentes como foi reinforce that the bimodal polyestrous pattern has been re- medida a área de cada um desses diferentes tipos de folícu- ported for frugivorous species with the occurrence of bir- los (mensurada em micrômetro quadrado). Os resultados ths during the rainy season, in which food was abundant, indicaram a presença de 16 fêmeas inativas, 5 lactantes, 4 grávidas e nenhuma pós-lactante. As análises histológicas exert on the reproductive biology of these mammals (Or- destacaram que os ovários de D. cinerea possui caracterís- reinforcing the influence that the environmental conditions ticas, estruturas e tipos celulares padrões semelhantes ao currently relative and vary depending on different factors dos demais mamíferos. Os dados morfométricos da área do thattêncio should Filho be et analyzedal. 2007). in However, an individualized these verifications way. are ovário foram avaliados estatisticamente por meio do teste t Due to this, in Brazil, the reproductive aspects of the de Student. Assim, as análises histomorfométricas ovariana bats still present several incongruities, especially when são de suma importância para inferir com maior segurança considering the reproductive activity of females, because most of the studies are directed to the morphophysiology constatado que as fêmeas de D. cinerea apresentam dois pi- reproductive of males with emphasis on the testicles, epi- sobre a reprodução de uma dada espécie. Portanto, ficou didymis (Beguelini et al. 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013a, 2013b, secos ou do início para metade do período chuvoso. A prin- 2013c, 2013d, 2013e, 2015, 2016, Morais et al. 2013a, cipalcos
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