DOCSLIB.ORG

Hank Yarn Diversion to the Powerloom Sector and Analysis of Yarn Price Fluctuations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hank Yarn Diversion to the Powerloom Sector and Analysis of Yarn Price Fluctuations HANK YARN DIVERSION TO THE POWERLOOM SECTOR AND ANALYSIS OF YARN PRICE FLUCTUATIONS May, 1992 of Public n..,.... NIPFP Library 42451 N E W p E ^ ^ J 338.47677 N21HN2;1 Submitted to Office of the Development Commissioner (Handlooms) Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, New Delhi. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC FINANCE AND POLICY NEW DELHI 1 > Z 9 - N 0-1 1-4 N "i- Study Taaa Project Ludtr : Dr. A.V.L. Narayana (Sanior Sconoaiat) Junior Rasaarch Associate* : Mr. H.K. Amar Nath Ms. Shalini Singh laisarcb Xnvastigator* : Mr. Bhagwati Prasad ta. Milind Saxena Consultant : Dr. Murali Patibandla Temporary Research Invasti (Stata-wisa) Andhra Pradash Mr. P.V. Subba Raddy Mr. P. Shiveankar Naidu Mr. M. Nagaraju Taail Nadu Mr. V. Nachi Muthu Me. M. Radha Mr. Sali Kumar Maharashtra Mrs. P.N. Sirpurkar Mr. C.L. Chattrapal Oriasa Mr. Debakanta Ranungo Mr. Shashikant Patnaik Mr. Narendra Kumar Bahera Mr. Sachidananda Baxi Wast Bengal Mr. Niladri Sakhar Mukharj Mr. Subrota Kumar Roy Mr. Bhaskar Datta Mr. Gautam Bhattacharya Mr. Gautam Pramanik CONTENTS Preface i Acknowledgments ii List of Tables iv List of Figures vi List of Tables in the Appendix vii Executive Summary viii 1. Introduction and Salient Features 1 2. Estimation of Hank Yarn Diversion 31 3. Analysis of Yarn Price Fluctuations 73 4. Summary of Findings and Policy Suggestions 120 REFERENCES 140 ANNEXURES 1. Household Questionnaire 142 2. Cooperative Societies Questionnaire 148 3. Traders Questionnaire 152 APPENDICES 1. Details of S^mpla Survey 153 2. Micro Level Estimates of Hank Yarn Diversion 159 3. A Note on Handloom Industry in Vest Bengal 174 PREFACE The National Institute of Public Finance and Policy is an autonomous non-profit organisation established for carrying out research, undertaking consultancy work and imparting training in the field of public finance and policy. The present study of handlooms focussed, mainly, on the following important issues, viz., (i) problem of hank yarn diversion to powerloom units and (ii) the factors influencing hank yarn prices and its distribution to individual weavers. The study was commissioned at the Institute in September, 1990 by the Office of the Development Commissioner (Handlooms), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. Dr. A.V.L. Narayana, Senior Economist at the Institute conducted the study and prepared this report. The Government of India has accorded a high degree of protection to the handloom industry through various fiscal means including concessional excise duty on hank yarn and a consumer subsidy for promoting the demand for handloom fabrics. One of the important objectives of Government intervention is to supply hank yarn to handloom weavers at reasonable prices. An analysis of the impact of the excise concessions on the use of hank yarn is, therefore, of much significance for the purpose of policy making. This study analyses this issue as also the problem of price fluctuations and distribution of hank yarn. A sample survey consisting of handloom weavers, cooperative societies and yarn traders was conducted on an all-India basis in major handloom-powerloom concentrations. It is hoped that the findings of this painstaking study would be of relevance to policy makers and interest a wider audience. The Governing Body of the Institute does not take any responsibility for the views expressed in this report. That responsibility belongs primarily to the study team and the Director. Raja J. Chelliah Honorary Director. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This handloom study was commissioned by the Office of the Development Commissioner (Handlooms), Ministry of Textiles. Apart from financial support, the DCH and its officials extended their help and cooperation at every stage, but for which it would not have been possible to carry out this study successfully. The study team is particularly grateful to Shri Ravi Mathur, Development Commissioner (Handlooms), and Shri Thiruvenkat, Assistant Director, DCH office for taking keen interest in the study and helping us to obtain essential information from States and also for the useful discussions held and statistical data provided for the study from their New Delhi office. Thanks are due to various State Government officials of the Directorates of Handlooms and Textiles for their kind cooperation and statistical information regarding the district- wise, weavers' concentrations in the States surveyed by our study team. Thanks are also due to handloom and powerloom associations, weavers' cooperative societies, individual households and master weavers who had extended their invaluable cooperation by participating in the sample survey and responding to our personal interviews during the course of the study. In evolving the conceptual framework of the study and strengthening its theoretical base, we received help from professional colleagues in the Institute and also outsiders. The study team is particularly indebted to Dr. Raja J. Chelliah, Professor Emeritus, Dr. A. Bagchi and Prof. Mihir K. Rakshit for providing insight into the study in general, and for the policy discussions held at various stages of the study in particular. Prof. Rakshit has spared his valuable time for critically examining yarn price fluctuations as well as methodologies for estimating the diversion of hank yarn to the powerloom sector, in particular. It is my duty to place on record my special thanks to Prof. Rakshit for providing constant encouragement and help which has enabled me to conduct the price analysis in this study. I am also grateful to Prof. Avani Bhat of Jawaharlal Nehru University for his academic interaction and discussions at various stages in designing the survey of Handloom weavers, Cooperative societies and Powerloom associations in this study. I have also had the benefit of useful discussions with Dr. Govindarajulu, Department of Statistics, Bharatiyar University, Coimbatore, regarding the methodology for estimating hank yarn diversion. Prof. R.J. Chelliah systematically reviewed the manuscript for revision. I am thankful to them for the same. At the Institute, Shri Amar Nath, H.K. and Ms. Shalini Singh, Junior Research Associates, and Shri Milind Saxena and Shri Bhagwati Prasad, Research Investigators helped in conducting the sample survey in U.P. and Delhi as also in computerisation of ii the data and its processing and in the final statistical tables. Shri Anar Nath has contributed significantly in the collection of data from the State Handloom Directorates situated in Delhi, Kanpur, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Madras. He also administered the sample survey and conducted detailed discussions with concerned handloom and powerloom societies in various parts of U.P, A.P, Karnataka and Madras for the study. This project would not have been completed but for his cooperation and dedication to the work. Dr. Murali Patibandla was involved in the preparation of an earlier draft on the analysis of price fluctuations. He also visited State Handloom Directorates and helped in conducting a sample survey in Delhi, Hyderabad and partly Madras. In addition, research assistance was provided by a number of field investigators appointed locally for the purpose of sample survey in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Orissa and West Bengal. I am grateful to all of them and in particular to Shri jGautam Bhattacharya who prepared an earlier draft of Appendix A. 3 on 'Handloom Industry in West Bengal*. Shri V. Uma Shankar has not only provided excellent word processing and data processing support but also helped me in coordination of the project related activities, while the EDP staff at our Computer Centre has constantly kept up with our demands for terminal time. Mrs. Rita Wadhwa's editorial assistance has added value to the report. Mr. N. Natarajan has ably coordinated reproduction of the report. I am grateful to all of them for the cooperation. A.V.L. Narayana Leader of the Study Team ill LIST 07 TABLES State-wise Details of Handlooms and Powerlooms in 5 the Decentralised Sector. State-wise Number of Handlooms in India and their 8 Co-operative Coverage as on 30.06.1990. Working Status of Full time HandloOm Weavers. 10 State-wise Percentage Distribution of Working Status 11 of Handloom Weavers. Frequency Distribution of Spinning Mills by Type 14 of Ownership. Hank Yarn Production by Ownership of Spinning Mills 14 (1986-87). Production of Hank/Cone Yarn - Count Group-wise 17 Details During 1981-82 to 1988-89. State-wise Hank Yarn Sales by Cooperative Spinning 19 Mills during 1989-90. State-wise Cone Yarn Sales by Cooperative Spinning 22 Mills during 1989-90. Per Capita Consumption of Cotton Cloth by Sector 25 of Manufacturing, 1982-88. Pattern of Domestic Aggregate Consumption of Cotton 27 Cloth by Sector of Manufacturing in India. Cotton Cloth Production by Sector of Manufacturing 28 in India. Per Capita Textile Consumption by Sector of 37 Manufacturing, 1988. Per Capita Textile Consumption by Sector of 38 Manufacturing, 1987. Aggregate Consumption of Selected Cotton Textile 39 Items for Urban and Rural India, 1987 and 1988. Consumption of Selected Items of Powerloom Cloth in 40 India in which Hank Yarn is used. Exports of Cotton Textile Items Produced Largely 42 on Powerlooms by using Hank Yarn. iv 2.6. Exports of Handloom Fabrics from India during 44 1988-89 and 1987-88. 2.7. Macro Estimate of Hank Yarn Consumption by Powerloom 47 Sector 1988-89: Variant - I. 2.8 Macro Estimate of Hank Yarn Consumption by Powerloom 49 Sector 1988-89: Variant - II. 2.9 Hank Yarn Consumption by Powerloom Units in Selected 54 States: Micro Level Estimates, 1989-90. 2.10 Prices of Hank-to-Spool Winding Machines. 59 2.11 Changes in Excise Duty Differential Between Hank and 62 Cone Yarn, 1988 and 1990, 2.12 Changes in Excise Duty and Prices of Cotton Hank 64 Yarn for Co-operative Societies, 1988 and 1990. 2.13 Changes in Excise Duty and Prices of Cotton Cone 65 Yarn, 1988 and 1990.- 2.14 Price Difference Between Cone and Hank Yarn before 67 and after Duty, 1988 and 1990.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • India's Textile and Apparel Industry
    Staff Research Study 27 Office of Industries U.S. International Trade Commission India’s Textile and Apparel Industry: Growth Potential and Trade and Investment Opportunities March 2001 Publication 3401 The views expressed in this staff study are those of the Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission. They are not necessarily the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission as a whole or any individual commissioner. U.S. International Trade Commission Vern Simpson Director, Office of Industries This report was principally prepared by Sundar A. Shetty Textiles and Apparel Branch Energy, Chemicals, and Textiles Division Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary . v Chapter 1. Introduction . 1-1 Purpose of study . 1-1 Data and scope . 1-1 Organization of study . 1-2 Overview of India’s economy . 1-2 Chapter 2. Structure of the textile and apparel industry . 2-1 Fiber production . 2-1 Textile sector . 2-1 Yarn production . 2-4 Fabric production . 2-4 Dyeing and finishing . 2-5 Apparel sector . 2-5 Structural problems . 2-5 Textile machinery . 2-7 Chapter 3. Government trade and nontrade policies . 3-1 Trade policies . 3-1 Tariff barriers . 3-1 Nontariff barriers . 3-3 Import licensing . 3-3 Customs procedures . 3-5 Marking, labeling, and packaging requirements . 3-5 Export-Import policy . 3-5 Duty entitlement passbook scheme . 3-5 Export promotion capital goods scheme . 3-5 Pre- and post-shipment financing . 3-6 Export processing and special economic zones . 3-6 Nontrade policies .
    [Show full text]
  • NRDC's 10 Best Practices for Textile Mills to Save Money and Reduce
    NRDC’s 10 Best PRACTICES FOR TEXTILE MILLS TO SAVE MONEY AND REDUCE POLLUTION NRDC Authors: Linda Greer, Susan Keane, Cindy Lin, James Meinert A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR RESPONSIBLE SOURCING Version 2.0 www.nrdc.org/cleanbydesign July 2013 Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund and to the Pisces Foundation for financial support of this work. We thank the apparel retailers and brands that partnered with NRDC on the Responsible Sourcing Initiative and provided assistance, support, and advice to our work. About NRDC NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) is a national nonprofit environmental organization with more than 1.4 million members and online activists. Since 1970, our lawyers, scientists, and other environmental specialists have worked to protect the world’s natural resources, public health, and the environment. NRDC has offices in New York City, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Montana, and Beijing. Visit us at www.nrdc.org. NRDC’s policy publications aim to inform and influence solutions to the world’s most pressing environmental and public health issues. For additional policy content, visit our online policy portal at www.nrdc.org/policy. NRDC Director of Communications: Edwin Chen NRDC Deputy Director of Communications: Lisa Goffredi NRDC Policy Publications Director: Alex Kennaugh Design and Production: www.suerossi.com © Natural Resources Defense Council 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Jewellery Making and Beading Terms
    Glossary of Jewellery Making and Beading Terms A jewellery glossary of beading terms and jewellery making terminology combining clear images with easy to understand dictionary like definitions. This bead glossary also provides links to more in depth content and bead resources. It can be used as a beading A to Z reference guide to dip into as needed, or as a beading and jewellery glossary for beginners to help broaden beading and jewellery making knowledge. It is particularly effective when used alongside our Beading Guides, Histories, Theories and Tutorials, or in conjunction with our Gemstones & Minerals Glossary and Venetian Glass Making Glossary. A ABALONE These edible sea creatures are members of a large class of molluscs that have one piece shells with an iridescent interior. These shells have a low and open spiral structure, and are characterized by several open respiratory pores in a row near the shell’s outer edge. The thick inner layer of the shell is composed of a dichroic substance called nacre or mother-of-pearl, which in many species is highly iridescent, giving rise to a range of strong and changeable colors, making it ideal for jewellery and other decorative objects. Iridescent nacre varies in colour from silvery white, to pink, red and green- red, through to deep blues, greens, and purples. Read more in our Gemstones & Minerals Glossary. Above are examples of Paua and Red Abalone. ACCENT BEAD Similar in purpose to a Focal Bead, this is a bead that forms the focus for a piece of jewellery, but on this occasion rather then through its size, it is usually through contrast.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Development of Manual Hank Reeling Machine Fitsum Etefa*
    ISSN Online: 2641-760X Symbiosis www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com Research Article International Journal of Fashion Technology & Textile Engineering Open Access Design and Development of Manual Hank Reeling Machine Fitsum Etefa* Msc, Leather Engineering Department, Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology iTEX), Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Received: May 05, 2019; Accepted: May 15, 2019; Published: May 21, 2019 *Corresponding author: Fitsum Etefa, Msc, Leather Engineering Department, Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology (EiTEX), Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract skein of stranded cotton as being 8.25 yards (7.54 m), of tapestry In today’s textile product processing, customers are demanding woolof a hank as being (either 10 yardsby weight (9.1 m),or by and length). crewel One wool source as being identifies 33 yards a lower prices, the best quality product and service. An effective cost (30 m) [1-2]. reduction and higher productivity with short processing time is the main objective for textile manufacturer to be a strong competitor In yarns for handcrafts such as knitting or crochet, hanks are 50 grams. Depending on the thickness of the strand as well as by having high market share with profitability and to compete including customers. thenot ainherent fixed length density but ofare the sold material, in units hanksby weight, can mostrange commonly widely in successfully in the world market by keeping benefits of stoke holders Now a day there is different manual and automatic hank reeling yardage per 50 gram unit; for example, 440 yards for a lace weight machine. Hank reeling machine used to reel cone yarn to hank yarn mohair, to 60 yards for a chunky weight cotton.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Get Set!
    05_139875 ch01.qxp 8/31/07 7:41 PM Page 3 ChapterChapter 1 get set! ow that you have this book, you’re ready to learn how to knit, but do you have everything else Nyou need to start knitting? You need yarn, needles, and a few little tools to begin with. After you’ve been knitting for a while, you’ll naturally accumulate more yarn——LOTS more yarn, if you love knitting—— plus more needles and accessories, so don’t buy too much at first. What kind of yarn should you get? And what size and type of needles do you want? This chapter tells you all you need to know to make the right choices. it’s all about yarn One of the most fun parts of knitting is choosing yarn. You may feel overwhelmed when you set out to buy yarn for your first project. Knitting yarns come in so many fibers, weights, textures, and colors that it can be confusing. Take a deep breath, read on, and you’ll get a better idea of what to look for. natural fibers Natural fibers come from animals and plants. Wool, alpaca, mohair, cashmere, and angora are spun from animal fibers, and they’re really warm to wear——and fun to knit with. Certain wools, like Shetland wool, can be scratchy; some, like merino, are nice and soft. Be sure to hold a ball of yarn against your skin to see if you would want to wear something made out of it. It would be a bummer to spend weeks knitting a scarf that is too itchy to wear.
    [Show full text]
  • Hank Dyeing a Bespoke Way of Colouring Yarn We Spin, We Dye
    Hank Dyeing A bespoke way of colouring yarn We spin, We dye We’re Laxtons. Best known for our worsted spun and fancy yarns, we’ve been supplying yarn for woven apparel, hand knitting, interiors and more since 1907. Fast forward to 2020, we’re diversifying. In a bid to match our tailor- made approach to design with a bespoke dyeing capability, we’ve teamed up with the textile colour experts at Yorkshire-based Park Valley Dyers, to offer one of the most cutting- edge hank dyeing facilities in the UK. We now provide fully vertical spinning and dyeing of our own products as well as commission dyeing services for high value hanks of natural fibre yarn in wool, cashmere, silk and alpaca destined for premium knitwear, fashion, upholstery and carpets. Hank dyeing – and, equally important, hank drying Significantly more sophisticated than traditional hank dyeing, this specialist dyeing process not only allows us to achieve a softer yarn finish, it enables the yarn to retain its volume and bounce. Unlike the package or cone dyeing method which compresses the yarn, hank dyeing is designed for smaller batches and is ideal for enhancing the structural properties of thicker spun yarns. Dye and dry Reeled yarn is suspended under its own weight on perforated arms which rotate during the dye cycle to achieve completely level colour distribution. The yarn is never submerged in water, so the process is significantly more gentle on the fibre to give improved handle and bulk, achieving yarn character very similar to that obtained through fibre dyeing. The hank drying process is almost as critical as the dyeing itself, with most drying techniques over-drying the yarn, causing brittleness and fibre damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Yarns & Classification
    YARNS & CLASSIFICATION INTRODUCTION Yarn is “a generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. Yarns play an important role in the fabric manufacturing process since a majority of the textile materials are constructed with yarns. Yarns are also used for products such as sewing and embroidery thread, string, and rope. Yarns are produced in various sizes and textures, and also vary in other characteristics. Performance, end use, and fabric care are affected by these yarn characteristics. Fibre length is used to broadly divide yarns into: – Spun yarns (made from short, staple fibres) – Filament yarns (made from continuous filament fibres) Yarn processing methods for spun yarns are very different from those of filament yarns. Two important things in spinning of yarn that will later on affect the fineness and strength of the fabric woven. 1. Yarn twist : Yarns (especially spun yarns) are twisted to hold the fibres together. The number of twists per unit length is used to measure twist. Yarn twist can be broadly divided by number of twists: none or very low, low, average, and high twist. Some of the common uses for yarns with different twists are given below: – Filament yarns used for smooth fabrics have no or very low twist. – Yarns used for napping, bulky sweaters, and pile in towels have low twist. – Most spun yarns used for woven fabrics have average twist. – Crepe yarns used for plain and crepe weave fabrics have high twist. Yarn twist impacts the yarn's appearance, fineness, strength, and absorption.
    [Show full text]
  • Get to Know Silk! Silk Is Known As One of the Most Highly Prized and Sought After Fibers for the Last 5,000 Years
    Get to Know Silk! Silk is known as one of the most highly prized and sought after fibers for the last 5,000 years. Originally discovered in ancient China, silk was exclusively used for royalty, but desired by all. It wasn't until 300 AD that sericulture, or the production of silk, started spreading to Korea, Japan, and India. From there, the production and desire for silk products and fiber spread like wildfire. We have King James of England to thank for ordering silk to be brought over to the United States in 1603. Everyone was fighting over who produced the best silk until it was quickly learned that cotton and tobacco was a more profitably investment here in the United States. What is silk made from? Well, it is a matter of who makes silk. Silkworms are technically the silk moth in the pupa life cycle, scientifically known as Bombyx Mori. There is a variety of insects that can produce silk or silk like fibers, but have yet to be use for commercial purposes. Silk is one of the strongest fibers available. It is also highly durable, has a naturally reflective sheen, and absorbs dye well. Silk will be stronger the softer it is and does not like being stretched out. Types of Silk! Mulberry Silk - is the most common type of silk that is cultivated for commercial use. These silkworms are bred to produce fine white silk to make the dyeing process easier and more efficient. Tussah or Wild Silk - also known as Peace or Ahimsa Silk. These are cocoons that are found naturally in the wild once the silkworm is done with it.
    [Show full text]
  • I. 11. VI. VII. XN. YARN Numl3ering SYSTEM
    YARN NUMBEIUNG SYSTEM I. Cotton: Number of 840-yard 'lengths per pound 11. Decitex: Number of grams per 10,000 meters IrI. Denier: Number of grams per 9,000 meters IV. Dewsbuy : Number of.yard lengths per ounce v. Jute: Number of pounds per 14,400 yards VI. Linen: Number of 300-yard lengths per pound VII. Tex: Number of grams per kilometer XN. Woolen: No. of 256 yd lengths per lb XV. Worsted: No. of 560 yd lengths per lb YARN NUMl3ERING SYSTEM All manufactured products are made with a specific plan and design, and regardless of the type of product, they will be given a designation for size, length, width or weight. Automobile tires, shoes, electrical wire, carpets and wearing apparel are all marketed with some designation concerning size. Fabrics are constructed with a certain number of warp ends and filling picks per inch, a specified width during production and after finishing, and the yarns that go into the fabric must also have a specific designation. - This is called the "number" of a yarn, although there are times when the designation is referred to as yarn size or yam count. (The term "size" often refers to a protective coating for a warp yarn, and "count" is used in designating the number of yarns in a constructed fabric.) There are five yam-numbering systems used extensively in the textile industry today. These are: English or Cotton System Worsted System Metric System Tex System Denier System Other systems have been used in various places and some are still in use today, but the five listed above are the ones we will examine in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • 4-H Knitting Skills
    $3.50 4-H Knitting Skills 4-H 961 Reprinted November 2005 Contents Yarn........................................................................... 3 Buttonholes ......................................................... 19 Selecting Yarn ....................................................... 3 Crocheted Border or Finish ................................. 20 Reclaiming Yarn .................................................... 5 Yarn Buttons........................................................ 20 Tools and Supplies ................................................... 6 Four-Needle Knitting .......................................... 21 Knitting Needles.................................................... 6 Circular Needle Knitting ..................................... 21 Other Supplies ....................................................... 6 Knitting with Colors ............................................ 21 Terms and Abbreviations ........................................ 8 Body Measurements ............................................ 23 Techniques ................................................................ 8 Pattern Drafting ................................................... 23 Casting On ............................................................. 8 Combining Knitting with Fabric ......................... 26 The Knit Stitch .....................................................11 Garment Finishing................................................. 27 The Purl Stitch..................................................... 13 Seams .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Master Yarn Chart Not to Be Reprinted
    Copyright Handwoven® magazine, F+W Media Inc., 2014. MASTER YARN CHART Not to be reprinted. All rights reserved. This list includes all the yarns that have been used in Handwoven magazine projects since 2000. Numbers indicate yards per pound, meters per kilogram, and a range of setts—from wide as for lace weaves, medium as for plain weave, and close as for twills (no setts are given for yarns not suitable for use as warp). Use this chart to identify yarns and make appropriate substitutions for yarns that are no longer available. COTTON Size 60 sewing thread; 24,000 yd/lb 100% cotton (Gima); 4,240 yd/lb 5/2 pearl cotton; 2,100 yd/lb 12/6 cotton; 1,430 yd/lb (48,340 m/kg); 36, 48, 60 (8,555 m/kg); 15, 20, 24 (4,238 m/kg); 12, 16, 18 (2,925 m/kg); 10, 14, 16 40/2 pearl cotton; 16,800 yd/lb 10/2 pearl cotton; 4,200 yd/lb 5/2 unmercerized cotton; 2,100 yd/lb 100% organic cotton (Pakucho) (4,238 m/kg); 12, 16, 18 (33,900 m/kg); 36, 48, 60 (8,475 m/kg); 20, 24, 28 1,375 yd/lb (2,775 m/kg); 10, 12, 15 DMC Perle Cotton #5 (2-ply); 2,100 50/3 sewing thread; 14,000 yd/lb 10/2 unmercerized cotton; 4,200 Cotton flake (Noho); 1,320 yd/lb yd/lb (4,238 m/kg); 12, 16, 18 (28,250 m/kg); 36, 48, 60 yd/lb (8,470 m/kg); 20, 24, 28 (2,665 m/kg); 10, 14, 16 6-strand cotton embroidery floss 30/2 unmercerized cotton; 11,055 Embroidery floss (Caron Wildflower) 2,100 yd/lb (4,238 m/kg); 12, 16, 18 3/2 pearl cotton; 1,260 yd/lb yd/lb (22,300 m/kg); 30, 45, 54 4,000 yd/lb (8,060 m/kg); 20, 24, 28 (2,442 m/kg); 10, 14, 16 80% cotton, 20% wool (Cotton Fine); 20/2 pearl
    [Show full text]
  • Knitting Scarf - Evening
    We show that you have registered for the MSCR class: BEGINNING KNITTING SCARF - EVENING Please bring yarn, needles and tools to class on the 1st day. We recommend you wait until 1 week prior to the start of class to purchase supplies in the event the class is cancelled. If you have questions, please feel free to contact us at [email protected]. WHERE TO SHOP: Joanne’s Craft Store or a local yarn store. SUPPLY LIST: (see below for more details) 1. One or two balls of SMOOTH YARN Please do not buy hanks of yarn (see left) unless you can have them wound into balls at the store. (You cannot knit directly from a hank, and they take a long time to wind by hand.) 2. NEEDLES in the size suggested on the label 3. TOOLS: Gauge tool, yarn needle, stitch markers, and measuring tape WHAT KIND OF YARN SHOULD YOU GET? CHOOSE YOUR PROJECT FIRST: For a spring/fall or summer A/C scarf, get a lighter weight smooth yarn (yarn sizes 2-4). Cotton, silk rayon and nylon are great for summer--unless you get really cold in the A/C---then get wool or acrylic! For cold weather scarves, get wool, other animal fibers, or acrylic (or a mix of these) in thicker weights (yarn sizes 5-7). Wool takes a little extra care for washing, but cannot be beat for warmth. CHOOSING YOUR YARN: BEST: Smooth, plied yarns like Lion Brand Thick & Quick or Wool-Ease Chunky are easiest to work with.
    [Show full text]