CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION
CAPRICORN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY AGANANG LOCAL MUNICIPALITY:
FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE GA-MOKOBODI GROUND WATER SUPPLY AREA
Incoporating the towns of: Ga-Lepadima, Ga-Mokobodi, Ga-Phaka, Ga-Ramakadi- Kadi, Goedgevonden, Hwibi, Juno, Moetagare, Schoongelegen, Tibana, Ga- Mabitsela, Ga-Ramotlokana, Leokaneng, Mamehlabe, Pinkie, Rozenkranz and Ngwanallela
DRAFT VERSION 1.3
MAY 2011
Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected]
RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR GA-MOKOBODI GWS REPORT NO. { }
DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY - FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY, FOR THE AGANANG NORTH GROUNDWATER SCHEME IN AGANANG CLUSTER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” that should be read in conjunction with this document.
Location and Background Information This document focuses of on the settlement of the Ga-Makogbodi GWS . This is a rural settlement cluster which is located in the north western part of Aganang Local Municipality (ALM).
Capricorn District Municipality is the Water Service Authority (WSA) throughout the MLM. The cluster relies entirely on groundwater from the local aquifer to meet the domestic and agricultural needs.
The majority of the settlements are rural and rely on agriculture as the main economic activity. The potential to develop agriculture and tourism within the municipality has been identified as a growth direction, but the lack of infrastructure is seen to be the major threat to local economic development.
Demographics, water requirements and availability The population of Ga-Makobodi GWS was estimated for 2007 at 29 249 people. This is projected to increase to between 33 665 for a low growth scenario and 37 037 given high growth, by 2030. The level of service within this scheme area is meduim. A large portion of the population (30%) has a level of service, which is below the RDP level, 32% are at RDP level, while the remaining 38% are above this level. This therefore becomes a necessary focus for improvement, and will require more water.
Water provided to this area is currently sourced from the local aquifer. Although abstraction volumes are not known, it is calculated that the study are requires a minimum supply of 1.274 Million m 3/a to meet their current (2010) needs. With the expected growth in population and a continued planned improvement in services, this requirement increases to between 1.756 and 1.931 Million m 3/a by the year 2030. The current groundwater infrastructure has the
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Additional water is potentially available from the local aquifer and this can be used to augment the current domestic water supply, although the sustainable use of this aquifer and current users needs to be confirmed through an in-depth hydrogeological assessment of the area.
The groundwater quality in the area is generally of a high quality, Class 0. Currently there is no WTW servicing this area. Strategy/Recommendations • Undertake a detailed investigation to determine actual water usages, sustainability of the local aquifer, as well as availability of future supply. • Should it be confirmed that sufficient water is available, augment the current water supply from the local aquifer. This may require either equipping existing boreholes, or installing new boreholes. It is estimated that an additional 0.230 Million m 3/a will be required for domestic supply from this resource by 2030. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential and also limit wasteful water use. • Implement comprehensive monitoring of the groundwater table and of groundwater use by all users (domestic and agricultural) in the area to ensure sustainable use. • Register existing water use and ensure that planned increases in water use are registered with the DWA.
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Augmentation options
Confidence level of Information available for the study area The information used in this report is of a medium confidence level as existing documentation, project reports and municipality comcommunicationsmunications were consulted in gather of information. Some conflicting usage volumes were eencounteredncountered in various reports. The population data is of a low confidence level.
Pr iority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy:
The Ga-Makobodi GWS is considered to have a Priority 2 (medium/low ) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy aass the cluster will have in sufficient water to meet future needs within the next 10 to 15 years.
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This strategy for the Ga-Makobodi GWS has been accepted and signed by Capricorn District Municipality, Aganang Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:
Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status
Ga-Makobodi GWS Limpopo Capricorn Capricorn Under District District Capricorn Municipality Municipality District Municipality
Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….
Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:…………………...... Position:…………………………… Aganang Local Municipality Capricorn District Municipality Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….
Signature:…………………………………… Signature:…………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Date:………………………………………… Position:………………………………… Position:……………………………… DWA Regional Office DWA D: National Water Resou rce Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 Study area ...... 1
1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1
1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 2
1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 2
2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 4
3.1 Present water requirements and historical water use ...... 4
3.2 Level of Services ...... 4
4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS UNTILL 2030 ...... 5
4.1 Future water requirements ...... 5
5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 5
5.1 Surface water ...... 5
5.1.1 Water Allocations ...... 6
5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 6
5.1.3 Quality ...... 6
5.2 Groundwater ...... 6
5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 6
5.2.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 6
5.2.3 Quality ...... 7
5.2.4 Re-use ...... 7
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 7
6.1 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy ...... 7
7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 9
7.1 Water treatment plants ...... 9
7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 9
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8 SANITATION ...... 10
8.1 Level of services ...... 11
8.2 Waste water treatment works (WWTW) and sanitation infrastructure ...... 11
8.2.1 Return flows ...... 11
8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 11
9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 11
9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM) ...... 12
9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 12
9.3 Groundwater ...... 12
9.4 Re-use ...... 12
9.5 Local surface water ...... 12
9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 12
9.7 Water Transfer ...... 12
10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 13
10.1 Water balance ...... 13
11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 15
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 15
13 REFERENCES ...... 16
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Locality Plan ...... 3
Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for the Ga-Mokobodi GWS Cluster ...... 8
Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options ...... 14
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 4
Table 4-1: Water requirement projections ...... 5
Table 5-1: Water Users Dependent on the Water Resource ...... 7
Table 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for Ga-Mokobodi GWS Cluster ...... 7
Table 7-1: Water supply infrastructure ...... 10
Table 8-1: Current sanitation service levels ...... 11
Table 10-1: Future status with reconciliation measures ...... 13
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ABBREVIATIONS
AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Million m 3/a Million cubic metre/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water WARMS Water Authorisation and Registration Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005
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WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted
Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan
Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries
Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement
Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions
Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence
Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supplied by the system
Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.
Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time
Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand
Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.
Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.
Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense
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1 INTRODUCTION
The Department of Water Affairs has initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for towns throughout the country in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.
The Northern Region study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.
This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Towns Study – Northern Region ”.
1.1 Study area
This document focuses of on the settlements of Ga-Lepadima, Ga-Mokobodi, Ga-Phaka, Ga-Ramakadi-Kadi, Goedgevonden, Hwibi, Juno, Moetagare, Schoongelegen, Tibana, Ga-Mabitsela, Ga-Ramotlokana, Leokaneng, Mamehlabe, Pinkie, Rozenkranz and Ngwanallela . These settlements form the Ga-Mokobodi Ground Water Scheme (GWS) and are located in the north western portion of the Aganang Local Municipality (ALM). This scheme area was historically known as Cluster 1 and Cluster 3 within the municipality.
Water is sourced from the groundwater. Each town or neighbouring town is equipped with individual boreholes. This settlement cluster falls within the Mogalakwena sub-area of the Limpopo Water Management Area.
Capricorn District Municipality is both the Water Service Authority and Water Service Provider for ALM [5].
The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.
1.2 Regional Setting
ALM is situated in the eastern region of the Capricorn District Municipality, which forms part of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is boarded by the following Local Municipalities: Blouberg and Molemole to the north, Polokwane to the east and Mogalakwena to the south and west.
The municipality covers an area of about 1,852 km2 and has four traditional authorities, namely Moletjie, Maraba, Mashashane and Matlala. There are 109 villages within the LM, all of which are rural. The dominant cultures are Sepedi and Ndebela.
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RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR GA-MOKOBODI GWS REPORT NO. { }
Within ALM there are three main areas of where the population is concentrated namely: Utjane, Ngope, Seborea, Ga-Mashashane and Segoahleng in the south; Bakone, Manamela 2, Madietane, Phetole, Phofu, Dibeng and Semaneng in the south west; and Ga-Nonyane, Ga-Ramashwane, Rampuru, Ga-Ngwetsane, Chloe A and Chloe B in the central area of the municipality. The area around the towns of Ga-Ramoshwane, Rampuru, Chloe A and Chloe B is considered to be the municipal growth point. No growth points are identified for the Ga- Mokobodi GWS area.
1.3 Economic Drivers
The main economic activity within the ALM is agriculture in the form of livestock farming. Many subsistence farmers have a large number of cattle, and the municipality contains numerous commercial feedlots [6].
The potential for agricultural and tourism development was identified in the Reference Framework [6]. The lack of infrastructure is seen to be the major threat to local economic development.
1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area
The information used in this report is of a medium confidence level as existing documentation, project reports and municipality communications were consulted in gather of information. Some conflicting usage volumes were encountered in various reports. The population data is of a low confidence level.
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Figure 1-1: Locality Plan
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2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 4-1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.
The low, and high growth scenario for the Ga-Mokobodi GWS were assessed. The cluster was found to have positive growth potential and this scenario is therefore used in estimating future water requirements. The population is anticipated to decrease from the 2007 figure of 29,246 to 37,037 in 2030.
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Present water requirements and historical water use
Domestic water for the scheme is sourced from groundwater. Individual settlements are equipped with boreholes with connecting reticulation pipelines.
3.2 Level of Services
Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified in the methodology.
WS NIS data was consulted to assess the level of service. Within the supply scheme 38% of the population receives a level of service above RDP requirements for water provision, 32% are at the RDP level, while the remaining 30% are below the RDP level. The current service levels are detailed in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Current service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP None/ own Service level House Yard Supply Supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m)
WSNIS, 2007 22% 16% 32% 9% 21%
It can be calculated, from the tabulated data that the Level of Hardship (LOH) for water is 30%.
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4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS UNTILL 2030
4.1 Future water requirements
The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population Projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 4-1. • Current Level of Service (LOS) Estimates: the current level of water consumption was used to calculate the future water requirements, 189 l/cap/day for dwellings with house connections, 101 l/cap/day for dwellings with yard connections and 40 l/cap/day for the dwellings supply at or below RDP level. • Future Requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%).
Table 4-1: Water requirement projections
Population Water Water Population Year Low Requirements Requirements High Growth Growth High Growth Low Growth
2007 (1) 29,246 29,246 1.207 1.207 2010 30,529 31,134 1.274 1.257 2015 32,570 31,474 1.433 1.385 2020 34,211 32,379 1.691 1.600 2025 35,493 32,916 1.851 1.717 2030 37,037 33,665 1.931 1.756
Base population is provided for 2007.
5 WATER RESOURCES 5.1 Surface water The Ga-Mokobodi GWS is located over three quaternary catchments, namely A62H in the north, A62E in the centre, and A62F in the west. This is within the Mogalakwena Sub-area of the Limpopo Water Management Area.
There are three non-perennial rivers in the vicinity of the cluster, namely: the Natse River in the north east (A62H) and the Matlala and Seokeng Rivers in the central area (A62E).
These rivers are not utilised for domestic purposes.
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5.1.1 Water Allocations
Surface water is not utilised for domestic use, therefore there are no domestic supply allocations.
5.1.2 Other water users from the same source
No other surface water allocations are noted within the supply area.
5.1.3 Quality
Water quality is generally of high quality, Class 0.
5.2 Groundwater The 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological Map of South Africa ( DWAF 2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series (series number and year) and GRAII data have been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology of the area.
The geology of the area predominantly consists of Hout River Gneiss. Grasvalley Norite and Anorthosite which is separated from the Gneiss by a thin band of Matlala Granite occurs to the west of the cluster, Molendraai Magnatite Gabbro of the Rustenburg layered suite occurs to the south.
Groundwater occurs in intergranular fractures at yields of between 2 and >5 l/s domestic, industry and agricultural supply. The Springbok Flats Aquifer is located in this area.
5.2.1 Water allocation/s
Groundwater is the only source of domestic water in the area. There is no registered water supply abstraction for domestic purposes indicated on WARMS database.
The Master Plan indicated 22 boreholes utilised by the individual settlements, and with an average yield of 2.5l/s this would the current supply is around 1.711 Million m 3/a.
5.2.2 Other water users from the same source
A total registered use of 0.09 Million m3/a is indicated by WARMS, all of which is allocated to Agriculture for irrigation. Although the registered value is quite low, the Springbok flats aquifer is believed to be over utilized by irrigation (possibly unregistered users). An in-depth assessment of groundwater availability needs to be conducted.
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Table 5-1: Water Users Dependent on the Water Resource
Licensed abstraction (Million m 3/a) Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Industry Commercial
Groundwater 1.711 (1) - 0.09 - -
(1) Domestic use is not registered. This volume is the estimated use based on equipped boreholes for domestic supply and average borehole yields.
5.2.3 Quality
Water quality in the central part of the cluster possess water of high quality (Class 0), however elevated nitrate and fluoride levels are observed in the northern and south western areas, which decrease the water quality (Class 2). This equates to 46% of boreholes having good water quality [6].
5.2.4 Re-use
No known water re-use is occurring within the study area.
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
The current and future water surplus/shortfalls are summarised in Table 6-1 and graphically illustrated in Figure 6-1 for the Ga-Mokobodi GWS. The projected water demand is balanced against the water availability, provided the current water availability is accessible until 2030.
Table 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for Ga-Mokobodi GWS Cluster
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 (Million m 3/a)
Available Supply Groundwater 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 Total Available Supply 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 Low Growth 1.207 1.257 1.385 1.600 1.717 1.756 Water Requirements High Growth 1.207 1.274 1.433 1.691 1.851 1.931 Low Growth 0.504 0.454 0.326 0.111 -0.006 -0.045 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.504 0.437 0.278 0.020 -0.140 -0.220
6.1 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy The Ga-Makobodi GWS is considered to have a Priority 2 (medium/low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is anticipated to have insufficient water to meet future needs within the next 10 to 15 years.
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2.500
2.000
1.500 /a 3
Million m Million 1.000
0.500
0.000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Years Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements for the Ga-Mokobodi GWS Cluster
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7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE
In 2008/2009 the Capricorn District Municipality budgeted R2 Million towards enhancing basic service delivery though the provisions of water to communities within the Ga-Mokobodi GWS, namely to the settlement of Pinkie [3].
7.1 Water treatment plants Water is utilised directly from abstraction, no treatment is currently taking place. 7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs The internal reticulation and infrastructure was assessed in the Master Plan [5], the following summarises the findings from this report:
• Although the infrastructure adequate to basic standards, inadequate operation, maintenance and management has lead to disrepair of the water service infrastructure. The refurbishment and upgrading of the water infrastructure is estimated at R12.9 Million. • There are 16 reservoirs and 8 tanks situated within the supply area, with a total storage capacity of 3438m 3. The available storage is insufficient for the supply area. • There are 19 boreholes utilised by the individual settlements, of these, 14 are diesel operated, and 5 electric operated. There are 8 pumps noted not to be operational due to failures or stolen equipment. There are 2 boreholes which need to be equipped. • Each settlement has individual supply boreholes and distribution pipeline. A breakdown of the infrastructure at each settlement is given in Table 7-1.
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Table 7-1: Water supply infrastructure
Storage (m 3) Boreholes Settlement Reservoir Tank Type Operational Ga-Lepadima 1 x 200 Diesel Y Ga-Mokobodi 1 x 104 Diesel Y Ga-Phaka 1 x 200 Electric Y Ga-Ramakadi-Kadi 1 x 200 1 x 47 Electric Y 1 x 70 Electric Goedgevonden (abandoned) 1 x 130 Y 1 x 150 Diesel Y 2 x pumps Hwibi 1 x 70 2 x 104 not installed N Juno 1 x 200 1 x 55 Diesel Y Moetagare 1 x 200 Electric N Diesel Y Schoongelegen 1 x 150 Electric N Electric Y Tibana 1 x 104 Diesel N 1 x 200 2 x Diesel Ga-Mabitsela 1 x 150 Y Ga-Ramotlokana 1 x 200 Diesel N (broken) Leokaneng 1 x 200 Diesel N 2 x Diesel N (1 broken Mamehlabe 1 x 200 & 1 stolen) Pinkie 1 x 200 1 x 104 Diesel Y Rozenkranz 1 x 200 Diesel Y
Source: Master Plan [5]
8 SANITATION
In 2008/2009 the Capricorn District Municipality budgeted R12 Million towards the provision of sanitation to villages within the ALM, a further R9 Million was budgeted for in 2009/2010, and again in 2010/2011 [3].
The majority of the Ga-Mokobodi GWS population is serviced with sanitation that is below RDP level, only a small portion is are above the RDP level.
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8.1 Level of services The WS NIS database indicates that 15% of the population is above RDP level of service, 19% are at the RDP level, and the remaining 66% are below the RDP level. This is detailed further in Table 8-1.
Table 8-1: Current sanitation service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, Flush toilet digester, de- Pit latrine Service level None, chemical, (connected to sludger, effluent with bucket or pit latrine sewerage discharge to an ventilation without ventilation system) oxidation pond, (VIP) etc
WS NIS, 2008 13% 2% 19% 66%
8.2 Waste water treatment works (WWTW) and sanitation infrastructure No information available regarding waste water treatment. The majority of the supply scheme is equipped with pit latrines.
A sanitation assessment was also carried out for the Master Plan where the adequacy of the sanitation infrastructure was reported on. It was found that 11.3% of existing pit latrines were suitable for upgrading to VIP standard, while 68.8% of existing latrines needed replacement.
8.2.1 Return flows
Not applicable
8.2.2 State of WWTW
Not applicable.
9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
The Ga-Mokobodi GWS is supplied with groundwater for its domestic needs. This supply is insufficient to cater for the current and future needs of the community, thus augmentation measures will need to be introduced to supplement the supply.
The reconciliation options for the Ga-Mokobodi GWS are presented on Figure 10-1.
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9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management (WC/WDM)
The Capricorn District Municipality, as the Water Services Authority, does not have a WC/WDM strategy in place for the Aganang North GWS. Consequently, there is no estimation of “unaccounted for water” (UFW) nor specified reduction targets. It is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured; therefore it is imperative that there is an adequate network of water meters from which accurate readings must be recorded on a regular basis.
A priority must be given to encourage water conservation and to utilise water resources to their full potential.
9.2 Rain water harvesting
ALM has defined wet and dry seasons and the regional evaporation rate exceeds the volume of precipitation [6]. Therefore the potential for sustainable rainwater harvesting is low.
9.3 Groundwater
Groundwater is available for augmentation as the Ga-Mokobodi GWS possesses an Utilisable Groundwater Exploitation Potential of 5.2 Million m 3/a.
Augmentation of 0.230 Million m 3/a, is required to cater for the demand in Ga-Mokobodi GWS. There are two options in sourcing this water. Option 1; utilize existing nearby boreholes for domestic purposes (Water Services, states that there are 82 equip boreholes within the area) or if this option is not available, Option 2; install new boreholes in the area for the purpose of domestic supply.
9.4 Re-use
Not applicable.
9.5 Local surface water
Not considered.
9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights
Not considered.
9.7 Water Transfer
Not considered.
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10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
10.1 Water balance
Table 10-1: Future status with reconciliation measures
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
(Million m 3/a) Available Supply Groundwater 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.711 Local Augmentation Measures groundwater 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.23 0.23 0.23 Total Available Supply 1.711 1.711 1.711 1.941 1.941 1.941
Low Growth 1.207 1.257 1.385 1.600 1.717 1.756 Water Requirement High Growth 1.207 1.274 1.433 1.691 1.851 1.931
Low Growth 0.504 0.454 0.326 0.341 0.224 0.185 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 0.504 0.437 0.278 0.25 0.09 0.01
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Figure 10-1: Augmentation Options
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11 CONCLUSIONS • The population of Ga-Makobodi GWS was estimated for 2007 at 29 249 people. This is projected to increase to between 33 665 for a low growth scenario and 37 037 given high growth, by 2030. • The level of service within this scheme area is meduim. A large portion of the population (30%) has a level of service, which is below the RDP level, 32% are at RDP level, while the remaining 38% are above this level. This therefore becomes a necessary focus for improvement, and will require more water. • Water provided to this area is currently sourced from the local aquifer. Although abstraction volumes are not known, it is calculated that the study are requires a minimum supply of 1.274 Million m 3/a to meet their current (2010) needs. With the expected growth in population and a continued planned improvement in services, this requirement increases to between 1.756 and 1.931 Million m 3/a by the year 2030. • The current groundwater infrastructure has the potential to supply 1.711 Million m 3/a of water to the scheme for domestic use. This is calculated on known equipped boreholes and estimated borehole yields. This potential supply is sufficient for the current needs of the study area, but will be insufficient for future need of the study area and it is anticipated that the scheme will be deficient of water within the next 10 to 15 years. • Additional water is potentially available from the local aquifer and this can be used to augment the current domestic water supply, although the sustainable use of this aquifer and current users needs to be confirmed through an in-depth hydrogeological assessment of the area. • The groundwater quality in the area is generally of a high quality, Class 0. Currently there is no WTW servicing this area.
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS • Undertake a detailed investigation to determine actual water usages, sustainability of the local aquifer, as well as availability of future supply. • Should it be confirmed that sufficient water is available, augment the current water supply from the local aquifer. This may require either equipping existing boreholes, or installing new boreholes. It is estimated that an additional 0.230 Million m 3/a will be required for domestic supply from this resource by 2030. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Demand Management plan with clear performance targets. This must include limiting the wasteful use of water in order to
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control water consumption and utilise the available resources to their full potential and also limit wasteful water use. • Implement comprehensive monitoring of the groundwater table and of groundwater use by all users (domestic and agricultural) in the area to ensure sustainable use. • Register existing water use and ensure that planned increases in water use are registered with the DWA.
13 REFERENCES [1] Annual Aganang Local Municipality, 2007 – 2008 Annual Report Report (2007) [2] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2 . Pretoria [3] IDP (2008) Aganang Local Municipality. 2008/2009 – 2011. Integrated Development Plan Review [4] ISP (2004) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2004. Internal Strategic Perspective: Limpopo Water Management Area : Prepared by Goba Moahloli Keeve Steyn (Pty) Ltd, in association with Tlou & Matji (Pty) Ltd and Golder Associates (Pty) Ltd. on behalf of the Directorate National Water Resources Planning. Report No. PWMA 01/000/00/0304. [5] Master Plan Capricorn District Municipality. 2008. Water and Sanitation Master (2008) Plan for Aganang Local Municipality . Prepared by BKS (Pty) Ltd and EVN Africa (Pty) Ltd. [6] Reference Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 2006. Capricorn District Framework Municipality: Water Services Planning Reference Framework , (2006) discussion document version 1. Represented by BKS (Pty) Ltd, EVN Africa (Pty) Ltd and Inviromap on behalf of the Directorate Water Services Macro Planning & Information Systems [7] Water Department of Water Affairs. 2008. Water Services Reference Services Framework Decision Support System. Reference Framework (2008) Knowledge Base Structure , Project Process & Time Flow. Prepared by Inviromap in association with Mr S Marais, DWAF National Planning and information on behalf of the Directorate: Water Services Planning & Information
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