DOCSLIB.ORG

The Succession Narrative As a Satire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Succession Narrative As a Satire Biblical Interpretation Series Editors-in-Chief Paul Anderson (George Fox University) Jennifer L. Koosed (Albright College, Reading) Editorial Board A.K.M. Adam (University of Oxford) Colleen M. Conway (Seton Hall University) Nijay Gupta (Portland Seminary) Amy Kalmanofsky (Jewish Theological Seminary) Vernon Robbins (Emory University) Annette Schellenberg (Universität Wien) Johanna Stiebert (University of Leeds) Duane Watson (Malone University) Christine Roy Yoder (Columbia Theological Seminary) Ruben Zimmermann (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) !"#$%& '() The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bins A King and a Fool? The Succession Narrative as a Satire By Virginia Miller #&*+&, | -"./", Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Miller, Virginia (Research Fellow), author. Title: A king and a fool? : the succession narrative as a satire / by Virginia Miller. Description: Boston : Brill, 1234. | Series: Biblical interpretation series, 2415-2673 ; volume 364 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identi89ers: #::, 123421;6<= (print) | #::, 123421;6<< (ebook) | *.-, 465422==3363< (hardback) | *.-, 465422==33611 (ebook) Subjects: #:.>: Bible. Samuel, 1nd, ?–??—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Bible. Kings, 3st, *–**—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Satire in the Bible. Classi89cation: #:: -.371<.<1 .%<=7 1234 (print) | #:: -.371<.<1 (ebook) | ++: 111/.==2;—dc17 #: record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/123421;6<= #: ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/123421;6<< Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. *.., @)AB-@(C' DEFG )(B-)@-@H-H''('-I (hardback) DEFG )(B-)@-@H-H''(A-A (e-book) Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill NijhoJf, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. I dedicate this book to Douglas Colin Muecke (1919–2015) and Jay Harold Ellens (1932–2018) ∵ Power [is] always sincerely, conscientiously de tres foi [in very good faith] and believes itself right. Power always thinks it has a great soul, and vast views, beyond the comprehension of the weak; and that it is doing God’s service, when it is violating all his laws. LMNG OPQRE in a letter to Thomas JeJferson (1816)S ∵ T John Adams to Thomas JeJferson, February 2, 1816, in The Adams Je!ferson Letters, ed. Leston J. Cappon (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 482, amended by Reinhold Niebuhr, Irony in American History (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2008), 21. Original date of publication 1952. Contents Acknowledgments DV Abbreviations V Introduction 1 "#$% & Historical Context and Methodology 1 The Genre Debate and Satire 15 1.1 The Genre Debate 16 1.2 The Succession Narrative as Satire? 22 2 Methodology and Irony 29 2.1 Irony 29 2.2 Methodology 32 2.3 Verbal Irony and the Succession Narrative 39 "#$% ' Evidence 3 David’s Sins and Punishments 43 3.1 2 Samuel 9:1–13 44 3.2 2 Samuel 10:1–19 49 3.3 2 Samuel 11:1–27 50 3.4 2 Samuel 11:27b–12:31 70 4 Amnon’s Sin and Absalom’s Revenge 88 4.1 2 Samuel 13:1–39 88 5 The Deception of the Wise Woman of Tekoa 111 5.1 2 Samuel 14:1–33 111 6 Absalom’s Revolt 135 6.1 2 Samuel 15–18 135 6.2 2 Samuel 16:1–23 158 WDDD :MGXYGXE 6.3 2 Samuel 17 172 6.4 2 Samuel 18:1–18:33/19:1 177 7 The Kingdom Is Restored to David 189 7.1 2 Samuel 19:1–20:26 189 7.2 2 Samuel 20:1–26 198 8 Solomon Rises to the Throne 200 8.1 ( Kings 1:1–53 200 8.2 ( Kings 2:1–46 207 9 The Non-essential Elements of Satire 215 9.1 Introduction 215 9.2 Conclusion 220 "#$% ) Conclusions 10 The Genre Debate: 100 Years of the Succession Narrative 223 10.1 Satire 223 10.2 Conclusion 233 11 Findings 235 11.1 Verbal Irony 235 11.2 Characterisations from a Consideration of the Text in Terms of Verbal Irony 247 12 Conclusion 263 Bibliography 267 Index of Modern Authors 277 Index of Biblical Citations 280 Index of Subjects 290 Acknowledgments There are numerous people who I would like to acknowledge for their contri- bution to this book. I am most grateful to Suzanne Boorer who supervised my doctoral dissertation which was reworked into this text. I would also like to thank the members of the Department of Theology at Murdoch University for their support including, Jim Trotter, Alexander Jensen, William Loader, Rowan Strong, Nancy Ault, and Jeremy Hultin. Furthermore, I would like to extend my thanks to John Greene, Jan Fokkelman, David Marcus, and Stephen Pickard. I would also like to thank Seumas Miller, my mother and David, my father and George, Jason and Aaron and families. Abbreviations BEThL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium Bib Biblica BibInt Biblical Interpretation BibIntS Biblical Interpretation series "#$ Catholic Biblical Quarterly "$% Church Quarterly Review Int Interpretation &#$ Jewish Bible Quarterly &$% Jewish Quarterly Review &#' Journal of Biblical Literature &()* Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JHScr Journal of Hebrew Scriptures &*+) Journal for the Study of the Old Testament ,O. New American Standard Bible ,ZL New King James Version ,L- New Jerusalem Bible RB Revue biblique *,#" Smyth & Helwyns Bible Commentary VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum -#" Word Biblical Commentary -:& before the Common Era *.-# International Congress of the Society of Biblical Literature OT Old Testament PhD Doctor of Philosophy [.! Revised Standard Version .O/ Speech Act Theory SN Succession Narrative Gen Genesis Exod Exodus Lev Leviticus Num Numbers Deut Deuteronomy Judg Judges Sam Samuel Kgs Kings Ps Psalms Isa Isaiah Jer Jeremiah Ezek Ezekiel Introduction The question of genre has dominated scholarship focused on the narrative of King David in the Second Book of Samuel and the First Book of Kings. This nar- rative has variously been called, the Succession Narrative,6 the Court History,7 and the David Saga.8 In this book, A King and a Fool? The Succession Narrative as a Satire, I o9fer a new perspective on the genre of, what I will hereafter refer to as, the Succession Narrative (SN). In this book I argue that the SN is in fact a satire. Among biblical scholars, there are a number of competing views regarding the genre of the SN. Albeit, the picture has been complicated by the over-lap between the genres; however, some distinct groupings of genre have emerged. The main groupings of these views of the genre of the SN are as follows: na- tional epic,: propaganda,; wisdom literature,< theological ‘history’ writing,= and literary art.> I argue that the SN is not a national epic as David is presented ? Leonhard Rost, The Succession to the Throne of David, ed. J. W. Rogerson, trans. Michael D. Rutter and David M. Gunn (She9@Aeld: The Almond Press, 1982), 84. German original, Leonhard Rost, Die Überlieferung von der Thronnachfolge Davids (Stuttgart, Verlag von W. Kohlhammer, 1926). B James W. Flanagan, “Court History or Succession Document? A Study of 2 Samuel 9–20 and 1 Kings 1–2,” !"#, 91, 2, (Jun. 72), 172–181. C John Van Seters, The Biblical Saga of King David (Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2009). D Scholars of note include: Edmond Jacob, Histoire et historiens dans l’ancien testament (Paris: Delachaux & Niestlé, 1957), 29; William McKane, I & II Samuel: Introduction and Commentary (London: EFG Press, 1963), 19 and Christopher R. North, The Old Testament Interpretation of History (London: The Epworth Press, 1953), 34. Robert H. Pfei9fer, Introduction to the Old Testament (London: Adam and Charles Black Limited, 1952), 358. H Scholars of note include: Timothy C. G. Thornton, “Solomonic apologetic in Samuel and Kings,” $%&, 169 [371] (1968), 159–166; P. Kyle McCarter Jr., “Plots, True and False. The Succession Narrative as Court Apology,” Int 35 4 (1981), 355–367; Martin Noth, The History of Israel (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1960); Andrew Knapp, Royal Apologetic in the Ancient Near East. (Atlanta: EIJ Press, 2015); Keith W. Whitelam, and “The Defence of David,” !'(), 29 (1984), 61–87, 62. K Roger Whybray, The Succession Narrative. A Study of II Sam. 9–20 and I Kgs 1 and 2 (London: EFG Press, 1968). L Scholars of note include: Gerhard von Rad, “The Beginnings of Historical Writing in Ancient Israel,” in From Genesis to Chronicles. Explorations in Old Testament Theology (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005); Walter Brueggemann, “On Trust and Freedom: A Study of Faith in the Succession Narrative,” Int, 26 (1972), 3–19; and Steven McKenzie, King David. A Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). M Scholars of note include: Otto Eissfeldt, The Old Testament. An Introduction (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1966), David M. Gunn, The Story of King David. Genre and Interpretation, (She9@Aeld: She9@Aeld Academic Press, 1978); Van Seters, The Biblical Saga of King David; and © "#$%$"&%'"( )*%&& $+, &(%,($, -./0 | ,#%:/..//12/0340..55//3--_..- - N$O*#,PQO%#$ as a complex character, who is not heroic. The SN is critical of David and could therefore @At into a broad category of propaganda. However, in the light of Keys research,R I argue that the SN is too ambiguous to @At neatly into the genre of propaganda.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manasseh: Reflections on Tribe, Territory and Text
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Vanderbilt Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Archive MANASSEH: REFLECTIONS ON TRIBE, TERRITORY AND TEXT By Ellen Renee Lerner Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Religion August, 2014 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor Douglas A. Knight Professor Jack M. Sasson Professor Annalisa Azzoni Professor Herbert Marbury Professor Tom D. Dillehay Copyright © 2014 by Ellen Renee Lerner All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people I would like to thank for their role in helping me complete this project. First and foremost I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee: Professor Douglas A. Knight, Professor Jack M. Sasson, Professor Annalisa Azzoni, Professor Herbert Marbury, and Professor Tom Dillehay. It has been a true privilege to work with them and I hope to one day emulate their erudition and the kind, generous manner in which they support their students. I would especially like to thank Douglas Knight for his mentorship, encouragement and humor throughout this dissertation and my time at Vanderbilt, and Annalisa Azzoni for her incredible, fabulous kindness and for being a sounding board for so many things. I have been lucky to have had a number of smart, thoughtful colleagues in Vanderbilt’s greater Graduate Dept. of Religion but I must give an extra special thanks to Linzie Treadway and Daniel Fisher -- two people whose friendship and wit means more to me than they know.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Conquests of Canaan
    ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Offerings and Sacrifices in the Ancient Near East
    ARAMPeriodical religious offerings and sacrifices in the ancient near east astrology in the ancient near east the river jordan volume 29, 1&2 2017 LL Aram is a peer-reviewed periodical published by the ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies The Oriental Institute University of Oxford Pusey Lane OXFORD OX1 2LE - UK Tel. +44 (0)1865 51 40 41 email: [email protected] www.aramsociety.org 6HQLRU(GLWRU'U6KD¿T$ERX]D\G8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUG 6KD¿TDERX]D\G#RULQVWDFXN English and French editor: Prof. Richard Dumbrill University of London [email protected] Articles for publication to be sent to ARAM at the above address. New subscriptions to be sent to ARAM at the above address. Book orders: Order from the link: www.aramsociety.org Back issues can be downloaded from: www.aramsociety.org ISSN: 0959-4213 © 2017 ARAM SOCIETY FOR SYRO-MESOPOTAMIAN STUDIES All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. iii ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies Forty-Second International Conference religious offerings and sacrifices in the ancient near east The Oriental Institute Oxford University 20-23 July 2015 iv ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies Thirty-Ninth International Conference astrology in the ancient near east The Oriental Institute Oxford University 13-15 July 2015 v ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies Forty-First International Conference the river jordan The Oriental Institute Oxford University 13-15 July 2015 vi Table of Contents Volume 29, Number I (2017) Religious Offerings in the Ancient Near East (Aram Conference 2015) Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Women of the Bible
    Women of the Bible ! The Queen of Sheba ! Pastor Ritva Williams May 2016 ! ! RECAP 1040-970 BCE: King David and the women in his life: Michal (King Saul’s daughter), Ahinoam (mother of Amnon), Abigail (mother of Daniel/Chileav), Maacah (mother of Absalom & Tamar), Haggith (mother of Adonijah), Abital (mother of Shephatiah), Eglah (mother of Ithream), Bathsheba (mother of Solomon, Shimea, Shobab and Nathan). David was also the father of nine more sons: Ibhar, Elishama, Eliphelet, Nogah, Nephed, Japhia, !Elishama, Eliada, Eliphelet. He had additional sons by his concubines. (1 Chronicles 3). 970-930 BCE - The reign of Solomon, son of David and Bathsheba The prophet Nathan and Bathsheba convinced King David in his old age to declare Solomon his successor in spite of Solomon having three older half-brothers. David instructed Solomon that once he became king, he should do a clean sweep of the kingdom’s administration. Hence he began his reign with an extensive purge of the top-ranking !military, religious and civil offices. Solomon expanded the military especially the cavalry and chariot corps; founded colonies, some of which doubled as trading and military outposts; and built up trade, working together with the Phoenician king, Hiram of Tyre, to send joint expeditions to the lands of Tarshish and Ophir to trade for luxury products, e.g. gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes and peacocks. He was !renowned for his wisdom. Solomon built God’s Temple in !Jerusalem. Solomon married an unnamed daughter of Pharaoh king of Egypt, 700 foreign princesses, and had 300 concubines (1 Kings 3:1, 11:3) .
    [Show full text]
  • Geshurites 140
    139 Geshurites 140 Aramean Kingdom,” in Arameans, Chaldeans, and Arabs in Bab- Wieland’s Der geprüfte Abraham (1752, Abraham Justi- ylonia and Palestine in the First Millennium B.C. (ed. A. Berle- fied), and Friedrich G. Klopstock’s Der Tod Abrahams jung/M. P. Streck; Leipziger Altorientalistische Studien 3; (1753, Abraham’s Death). Formally, Gessner is partic- ■ Wiesbaden 2013) 1–29. Na aman, N., “The Kingdom of ularly influential because he uses features of bibli- Geshur in History and Memory,” SJOT 26/1 (2012) 88– 101. cal poetry as parallelism to create a prose that is Walter C. Bouzard poetic without following a strict meter (cf. Hib- berd). Gessner’s work obviously stands in the tradition Geshurites of the Christian pastoral. The action is set in a locus amoenus: in the “beautiful nature” of the “garden” 1. East of the Jordan which Adam’s family inhabits and which they con- tinually improve to make it resemble the paradise The Geshurites (MT Gĕšûrî) are the Aramaeans of they have lost. Moreover, the protagonists also act Geshur, east of the Jordan, whose boundaries are according to the conventions of the bucolic genre Gilead to the south, Mount Hermon to the north, and of the Age of Sentiment: they continually ex- and Bashan to the east (Josh 13 : 11). Though, ac- press strong feelings and passions, namely paternal cording to the book of Joshua, their land was given love, youthful rebellion, and strong compassion. to the half-tribe of Manasseh as well as to the Reub- Again and again they console each other, and even enites and the Gadites, it appears that the Israelites after the death of their son, Adam and Eve still look did not dislodge them nor the Maacathites “so that forward to the future: “The sanctifying time and Geshur and Maacath survive in the midst of Israel the victorious reason will ease our pain” (Gessner: to this day” (Josh 13 : 13).
    [Show full text]
  • Baals of Bashan
    RB.2014 - T. 121-4 (pp. 506-515). BAALS OF BASHAN BY Dr. Robert D. MILLER II, O.F.S. The Catholic University of America Washington, DC USA Department of Old Testament Studies University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA SUMMARY This essay argues that the phrase “Bulls of Bashan” is not about famous cattle but about cultic practice. Although this has been suggested before, this essay uses archaeology and climatology to show ancient Golan was no place for raising cattle. SOMMAIRE Cet essai fait valoir que l’expression « Taureaux de Basan » ne concerne pas les célèbres bovins mais des pratiques rituelles. Bien que cela ait été sug- géré auparavant, cet essai utilise archéologie et climatologie pour montrer que le Golan antique n’était pas un endroit pour l’élevage du bétail. The phrase “Bulls of Bashan” occurs twice in the Hebrew Bible (Ps 22:12; Ezek 39:18; cf. Jer 50:19), along with Amos 4:1’s mention of “Cows of Bashan.” The vast majority of commentators have under- stood this to refer to the “famous cattle” of Bashan, a region supposedly renowned for its beef or dairy production.1 I would like to challenge this 1 Thus, inter alia, Mitchell DAHOOD, Psalms AB (Garden City: Doubleday, 1979), 1.140; Klaus KOCH, TheProphets:TheAssyrianPeriod(Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983), 46; Avraham NEGEV, ed., ArchaeologicalEncyclopediaoftheHolyLand(New York: Continuum, 2005), s.v. “Bashan,” 68; Jonathan TUBB, TheCanaanites (Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998), 91; Walter C. KAISER, HistoryofIsrael(Nashville: Broadman 997654_RevBibl_2014-4_02_Miller_059.indd7654_RevBibl_2014-4_02_Miller_059.indd 506506 222/09/142/09/14 111:301:30 BAALS OF BASHAN 507 interpretation, arguing not only that the phrase Bulls of Bashan refers not to the bovine but to the divine, but moreover that Iron Age Bashan would have been a terrible land for grazing and the last place to be famous for beef or dairy cattle.
    [Show full text]
  • F. Olojede CHRONICLER’S WOMEN – a HOLISTIC APPRAISAL
    Acta Theologica 2013 33(1): 158-174 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v33i1.8 ISSN 1015-8758 © UV/UFS <http://www.ufs.ac.za/ActaTheologica> F. Olojede CHRONICLER’S WOMEN – A HOLISTIC APPRAISAL ABSTRACT This article attempts to fill, in part, the gap in scholarship on the role of women in the book of Chronicles by providing data to show that the Chronicler succeeded in highlighting the roles and status of women in ancient Israel, as he copiously employed materials that are otherwise unknown in the biblical text and modified his Vorlage. A relentless focus on kinship and familial ties is discernible in the analysis of the roles and positions of the women who are presented in a way that shows their affinities to the people (or land) of Israel. It is argued that the Chronicler was intent on showing that women – all kinds of women – were a solid part of Israel’s story and of its identity that was being redefined and reconstituted. Besides affirming his concept of laer'f.yI-lk', the Chronicler’s presentation clearly reflects the changing sociocultural patterns of his time, especially in relation to exilic/post-exilic Israelite women. 1. INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF SUMMARY OF RECENT STUDIES ON CHRONICLER’S WOMEN A clear dearth of holistic study of women in Chronicles could be observed in ongoing research on the book of Chronicles. This article attempts to fill this gap by fleshing out new perspectives and providing data to show that, by copiously employing materials that are otherwise unknown in the biblical text as well as by modifying his Vorlage, the Chronicler has succeeded in highlighting the roles and status of women in ancient Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Joshua 13:1–33 1Now Joshua Was Old, Advanced in Years. and the LORD Said to Him: “You Are Old, Advanced in Years, and There
    Joshua 13 Joshua 13:1–33 1Now Joshua was old, advanced in years. And the LORD said to him: “You are old, advanced in years, and there remains very much land yet to be possessed. 2This is the land that yet remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all that of the Geshurites, 3from Sihor, which is east of Egypt, as far as the border of Ekron northward (which is counted as Canaanite); the five lords of the Philistines—the Gazites, the Ashdodites, the Ashkelonites, the Gittites, and the Ekronites; also the Avites; 4from the south, all the land of the Canaanites, and Mearah that belongs to the Sidonians as far as Aphek, to the border of the Amorites; 5the land of the Gebalites, and all Lebanon, toward the sunrise, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon as far as the entrance to Hamath; 6all the inhabitants of the mountains from Lebanon as far as the Brook Misrephoth, and all the Sidonians—them I will drive out from before the children of Israel; only divide it by lot to Israel as an inheritance, as I have commanded you. 7Now therefore, divide this land as an inheritance to the nine tribes and half the tribe of Manasseh.” 8With the other half-tribe the Reubenites and the Gadites received their inheritance, which Moses had given them, beyond the Jordan eastward, as Moses the servant of the LORD had given them: 9from Aroer which is on the bank of the River Arnon, and the town that is in the midst of the ravine, and all the plain of Medeba as far as Dibon; 10all 1 the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, as far as the border of the children of Ammon; 11Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan as far as Salcah; 12all the kingdom of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants; for Moses had defeated and cast out these.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reigns of Five Bad Kings of Israel
    NAMES OF THE DATE OF GOOD YEARS RELATION TO SCRIPTURE REFERENCES RULERS OF JUDAH REIGN OR BAD OF PREDECESSOR FOR DAVIDIC KINGS AND (all descendants of David RULE REIGN & QUEEN MOTHER QUEEN MOTHERS with the exception of the (Gebirah)* illegitimate rule of # 7) 1. King Rehoboam 930-913 BC Bad 17 son of Solomon; 1 Kings 11:42 – 14:31; 2 Chronicles mother = Naamah the 9:31-12:16 Ammonite 2. King Abijam 913-911 BC Bad 3 son of Rehoboam; 1 Kings 14:31 – 15:8; (Abijah) mother: Maacah 2 Chronicles 13:1-23 (Micaiah), descendant of Absalom son of David 3. King Asa 911-870 BC Good 41 son of Abijam; 1 Kings 15:8-24; mother: ?, Gebirah = 2 Chronicles 13:23-16:14 grandmother Maacah 4. King Jehoshaphat 870-848 BC Good 25 son of Asa; 1 Kings 15:24; 22:41-51; mother: Azubah 2 Chronicles 17:1-21:1 5. King Jehoram 848-841 BC Bad 8 son of Jehoshaphat; 2 Kings 8:16-24; mother: ? 2 Chronicles 21:1-20 6. King Ahaziah 841- BC Bad 1 son of Jehoram; 2 Kings 8:24-29; 9:14-26; mother: Athaliah 2 Chronicles 22:1- 12 daughter of Jezebel and Ahab, King of Northern Kingdom of Israel 7. Queen Mother 841-835 BC Bad 6 daughter of Jezebel and 2 Kings 8:26; 11:1-20; Athaliah Ahab, King of Northern 2 Chronicles 21:6; 22:2, 9-23:21 (descendant of the Kingdom of Israel dynasty of Omni of Israel) 1 8. Jehoash (Joash) 835-796 BC Good 40 grandson of Athaliah and 2 Kings 11:1 – 12:21; son of Ahaziah; 2 Chronicles 22:10-23- 24:27 mother: Zibiah of Beersheba 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Queen Mothers of Judah and the Religious Trends That Develop During Their Sons' Reign
    Olivet Nazarene University Digital Commons @ Olivet Honors Program Projects Honors Program 5-2021 Mothers and Sons: Queen Mothers of Judah and the Religious Trends that Develop During Their Sons' Reign Brian Bowen Olivet Nazarene University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/honr_proj Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bowen, Brian, "Mothers and Sons: Queen Mothers of Judah and the Religious Trends that Develop During Their Sons' Reign" (2021). Honors Program Projects. 120. https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/honr_proj/120 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Digital Commons @ Olivet. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Olivet. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A huge special thanks to my advisor, Kevin Mellish, Ph.D. for working with me through the whole research process from the seed of an idea to the final polished draft. Without his guidance, this project would not exist. Thank you to Pam Greenlee, Sandy Harris, and the Interlibrary Loan Department for helping me to get access to resources that would not have been available to me otherwise. Thank you to Elizabeth Schurman, Ph.D., and Dan Sharda, Ph.D. for assisting with the submission process to the Honors Council for the annotated bibliography, proposal, and thesis. Also, thanks to Elizabeth Schurman, Ph.D., Eddie Ellis, Ph.D., and Larry Murphy, Ph.D. for support with the editing and polishing of my thesis. Thanks to the Olivet Nazarene University Honors Council for giving me the opportunity and means to do this research project.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Israelite Religion: the State of Research Is All New Research
    religions Article Women in Israelite Religion: The State of Research Is All New Research Beth Alpert Nakhai Arizona Center for Judaic Studies, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; [email protected] Received: 5 January 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2019; Published: 19 February 2019 Abstract: Historically, those studying Israelite religion have ignored the existence of women in Iron Age Israel (1200–587 BCE). They have, therefore, accounted neither for the religious beliefs of half of ancient Israel’s population nor for the responsibilities that women assumed for maintaining religious rituals and traditions. Such reconstructions of Israelite religion are seriously flawed. Only in the last four decades have scholars, primarily women, begun to explore women’s essential roles in Israel’s religious culture. This article utilizes evidence from the Hebrew Bible and from archaeological sites throughout Israel. It demonstrates that some women had roles within the Jerusalem Temple. Most women, however, resided in towns and villages throughout the Land. There, they undertook responsibility for clan-based and community-based religious rituals and rites, including pilgrimage, seasonal festivals, rites of military victory, and rites of mourning. They fulfilled, as well, essential roles within the sphere of domestic or household religion. At home, they provided medico-magical healing for all family members, as well as care for women and babies throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and beyond. They, and the men in their communities, worshipped
    [Show full text]
  • The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom
    Scholars Crossing SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations 7-1984 The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom Wayne Brindle Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Brindle, Wayne, "The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom" (1984). SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations. 76. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs/76 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Causes of the Division of Israel's Kingdom Wayne A. Brinale Solomon's kingdom was undoubtedly the Golden Age of Israel. The accomplishments of Solomon and the highlights of his reign include those things which all kings and empires sought, and most did not obtain. A prominent feature of Solomon's rule was his preparation for defense. He fortified the key cities which ringed Israel's cen­ ter: Hazor, Megiddo, Gezer, Beth-horon, and Baalath ( 1 Kings 9:15-19). He assembled as many as 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horsemen, and maintained 4,000 stables in which to house the horses (1 Kings 10:26; 2 Chron. 9:25). And he kept a large standing army, which required enormous amounts of food and other provisions. * Solomon also had a much larger court than David's. He appointed 12 district supervisors ( 1 Kings 4) and as many as 550 supervisors of labor ( 1 Kings 9:23), who were in turn supervised by an overseer of district officers and a prime minister.2 He had 1,000 wives or concubines, and probably had a large number of children.
    [Show full text]