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AWARA PHONOLOGY by Edward C. Quigley Bachelor of Science

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AWARA PHONOLOGY by Edward C. Quigley Bachelor of Science AWARA PHONOLOGY by Edward C. Quigley Bachelor of Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 1985 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota August 2003 Copyright 2003 Edward C. Quigley ii This thesis, submitted by Edward C. Quigley in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. (Chairperson) This thesis meets the standards for appearance, conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. Dean of the Graduate School Date iii PERMISSION Title Awara Phonology Department Linguistics Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Signature ____________________________ Date ____________________________ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................... xix ABSTRACT............................................................................................................... xx CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 2. PHONEMIC INVENTORY............................................................................ 13 3. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE ............................................................................ 43 4. STRESS ......................................................................................................... 50 5. INTONATION ............................................................................................... 58 6. NOUN MORPHOPHONEMICS .................................................................... 60 7. CLASSIFIER MORPHOPHONEMICS.......................................................... 83 8. REDUPLICATION AND COMPOUNDS...................................................... 93 9. VERB MORPHOPHONEMICS ................................................................... 104 10. LOAN WORDS............................................................................................ 149 11. ORTHOGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 152 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... 161 REFERENCE........................................................................................................... 209 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Papua New Guinea Language Location Map............................................. 1 2. Village and Terrain Map ........................................................................... 2 3. Language Map .......................................................................................... 4 4. Awara Classification Map ......................................................................... 5 5. Dialect Map of Awara and Wantoat .......................................................... 8 6. Spectrogram and Intensity Plot of Kwewu a-akopbut ‘I came yesterday.’ 41 7. Story Layout ......................................................................................... 159 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Finisterre-Huon Stock Articles................................................................ 10 2. Wantoat Language Family Articles ......................................................... 11 3. Awara Language Articles........................................................................ 12 4. American Tradition to IPA Equivalence Chart ........................................ 13 5. Consonant Phoneme Chart with Allophonic Alternates ........................... 14 6. Phomene /b/ ............................................................................................ 16 7. Phoneme /d/ ............................................................................................ 16 8. Phoneme /g/ ............................................................................................ 16 9. Phoneme /p/ ............................................................................................ 18 10. Phoneme /t/............................................................................................. 18 11. Phoneme /k/ ............................................................................................ 18 12. Phone [¿]................................................................................................. 19 13. Phoneme /m/ ........................................................................................... 19 14. Phoneme /n/ ............................................................................................ 20 15. Phoneme /˜/ ............................................................................................ 20 16. Phoneme /ı/ ............................................................................................ 21 17. Alternation [pu] ~ [ıu] ............................................................................ 22 18. Phoneme /l/............................................................................................. 22 19. Phoneme /˝/ ............................................................................................ 23 20. Phoneme /s/............................................................................................. 24 vii 21. Phone [Ω]................................................................................................. 24 22. Phoneme /h/ ............................................................................................ 25 23. Phoneme /y/ ............................................................................................ 25 24. Phoneme /kw/ .......................................................................................... 26 25. Phoneme /gw/ .......................................................................................... 27 26. Phoneme /˜w/ .......................................................................................... 27 27. Intervocalic /˜ı/ Cluster Examples.......................................................... 28 28. Labialized Velar Alternation ................................................................... 28 29. Awara Consonant Sequences................................................................... 29 30. Consonant Sequences in Loan Words...................................................... 30 31. /p/-Initial Clusters ................................................................................... 31 32. /t/-Initial Clusters .................................................................................... 31 33. /k/-Initial Clusters ................................................................................... 32 34. /m/-Initial Clusters .................................................................................. 33 35. /n/-Initial Clusters ................................................................................... 33 36. /˜/-Initial Clusters ................................................................................... 34 37. Vowel Inventory Chart............................................................................ 35 38. Phoneme /i/............................................................................................. 36 39. Syllable Game......................................................................................... 36 40. Phoneme /e/ ............................................................................................ 36 41. Phoneme /Å/ ............................................................................................ 37 42. Phoneme /a/ ............................................................................................ 37 43. Phoneme /u/ ............................................................................................ 38 44. Phoneme /o/ ............................................................................................ 38 viii 45. Vowel Sequences Resulting from Reduplication ..................................... 39 46. Examples of Reduplication-Formed Vowel Sequences............................ 39 47. Vowel Sequences Resulting from Deletion of [y] or [ı] Intervocalically . 39 48. Examples of Vowel Sequences Resulting from [y] or [ı] Deletion .......... 40 49. /a/-Initial Vowel Clusters .......................................................................
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