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Home , Francis Xavier, Litanies (Mozart)

ZELENKA The Litanies of St SCHOLA CANTORUM OF MELBOURNE Schola Cantorum Players GARY EKKEL

First and Litanies for the Feast of St Francis Xavier, Dresden, 1730 nationalism, the liturgical music associated with the practices of an increasingly enfeebled The Dresden Catholic First Vespers and Litanies for the Feast of ruling house could not withstand comparison Court Church and the with Bach and the Saxon Lutheran tradition. Litanies of St Francis St Francis Xavier, Dresden, 1730 The conversion to Catholicism of the Wettin family was seen to be an almost treasonous act Xavier by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Lutheran In either 1710 or 1711 Zelenka arrived in Saxons. ‘By their perversion to Catholicism the Jan Dismas Zelenka Dresden as a royal musician at the court of the so influenced was it by the and the Electors of Saxony lost the leading position which (1679–1745) Polish King and Saxon Elector, a court which was Province of Bohemia. Nevertheless, all evidence they had held in Protestant since the increasingly turning to Catholicism in the midst points to Zelenka’s appointment to the Saxon , which now passed into the hands of a staunchly Lutheran population. The city of he decline, disappearance and Electoral and Royal Polish Kapelle as a player of of Prussia’, reads the English translation of a Dresden was the seat of the Wettin family, whose neglect of Jan Dismas Zelenka’s music the violone. passage from Philipp Spitta’s study of Bach. Apart head was Friedrich August I, Elector of Saxony. over 250 years shows the extent to Zelenka never formally received the musical from many practical problems associated with T In order also to become King of Poland, Friedrich which a composer’s reputation is determined by the positions he applied for in Dresden, and yet to the its performance, Zelenka’s music was—through August I converted to Catholicism in 1697. vicissitudes and prejudices of history rather than repertoire of this court church he contributed at association—an integral element of archaic royal Friedrich August I pragmatically made no by the quality of a composer’s music. Zelenka came least twenty-two Masses, a number of Catholic practices in Dresden. Although scores of move to enforce the canon established at the from a distinguished family of talented Bohemian masses (including the Requiem composed for the his music were preserved in a cupboard bearing his Peace of Westphalia in 1648—‘Cuius regnum eius musicians of the seventeenth and eighteenth exequies of Friedrich August I), more than forty name within the court church, and despite sporadic religio’—the state will adopt the religion of the centuries, all of them progeny of a village organist- Vespers psalm settings, several hymns, numerous performances of his works, his music was not part ruler. In response to pressure from the and the cantor. On 16 October 1679 Zelenka was baptized litany settings, Marian antiphons, motets, arias, of the Saxon musical mainstream. Even if the old growing number of Catholic courtiers, however, a in a small Bohemian village south-east of Prague. A three , Lamentations for Holy Week, materials had been brought out of that cupboard, new Catholic royal chapel was established within youthful work written in his mid-20s for the Jesuit twenty-seven responses for Holy Week, two Zelenka did not belong within that morally the precincts of the Dresden court in 1709. In that College of St Nicholas points to Zelenka’s early Miserere settings and a variety of smaller liturgical and aesthetically powerful tradition of German same year a Catholic chapel was opened within association with the Society of Jesus. It is almost works. He died in 1745 during the Prussian Lutheran music: he was a Bohemian, a term that Pleissenburg, the fortress of Leipzig (a church barely impossible to consider his later liturgical music, its occupation of Dresden. increasingly came to bear derogatory overtones. mentioned in the Bach literature, and yet it is likely and emphases, Zelenka’s career developments, Zelenka seems to have been a composer most In Saxony, Zelenka’s art must have represented the that in 1736 Bach played there in the presence of and his personality, without reference to the appreciated by other musicians. Johann Sebastian auditory expression of those suspect practices of the the electoral royal family). These churches were Society, so strongly was he bound to and influenced Bach and Zelenka were personally known to each Counter Reformation from south of the border. located in court properties rather than Saxon state by its religious, artistic, and cultural expressions. other. Bach’s second son, Carl Phillip Emanuel, In the first half of the twentieth century Zelenka’s land to minimise Lutheran outrage. Four important works were composed by Zelenka claimed that his father admired Zelenka’s music music again suffered, this time physically as the Because of the small Catholic population for the greatest of the Jesuit colleges of Prague, which, in so many ways, reflects the same values result of wartime damage. in Saxony, the Dresden Catholic court chapel the Clementinum (which today houses the State held by the Leipzig cantor. Why then was Zelenka’s Of Zelenka’s liturgical works one nineteenth- came to be administered by the Jesuit Province Library of the Czech Republic), three to be music neglected for so long? (The first of his century commentator wrote: ‘Everything is of adjoining Bohemia. Music was well catered sung at the Holy Sepulchre and a melodrama. Masses was published as late as 1983; none of combined here to make the master equal to the for in this new chapel. For years to come this It is tempting to consider that Zelenka’s move his three Xavier litanies has appeared in print). greatest contemporaries and to seriously challenge establishment brought a steady stream of talented to Dresden (1710–11) was connected with the In the nineteenth century, when musicology us to his revival’. (Moritz Fürstenau, 1861). musical foundation of the Catholic court church, was in its infancy, developing alongside German young Bohemian choristers and instrumentalists to 2 3 Dresden—an import made necessary because of the display of Austrian Piety towards the The Litanies would be sung on the Vigil of tutti and ritornello sections. The last five phrases of lack of Saxon Catholic children. They lived in the Apostle of the Indies. She had him the feast of St Francis Xavier and by 1723 they were the standard Litanies text are not set by Zelenka in Jesuit house and were educated by the fathers. After honoured by placing his adorned effigy performed daily at four o’clock during the octave of this version, and are here performed in Gregorian change to their voices, many remained in Saxony amidst vestments on the high altar the feastday (December 3). chant. as musicians. During the early years of the Dresden throughout his octave and by burning Several settings of the Xavier litanies were As described in the Jesuit letter above, the Catholic court church the Kapellknaben bore the twenty-six large candles during the composed by court composers for the Dresden Litanies were sung at the end of the Vespers principal burden of the liturgical music. actual devotions. The devotions took royal chapel, now regarded as rarities since it service or shortly afterwards in the late afternoon. Catholic devotion and the ceremonial the following form: on the first day the seems that no musical settings of the litanies exist Accordingly, the Litanies have been combined splendour of the court church increased father confessor of the Serene Princess elsewhere. Zelenka set the litanies in 1723, 1727, with a First Vespers service in this recording. The substantially with the marriage of the Electoral performed, with co-celebrants, Solemn and 1729 (ZWV 154, 155, 156), the second five Psalms and the Magnificat which form the Prince to the Habsburg Archduchess, Maria Mass which was enlivened by beautiful of which is included in this recording. He also core of the Vespers service were all written by Josepha. With Maria Josepha, Austrian Piety— pieces of music produced by the Italian composed a solemn mass setting, Missa Divi Zelenka between 1725 and 1729; at least three of that particular Habsburg religious expression and other musicians of the King. In the Xaverii (ZWV 12), the score of which includes four them may have been performed at the Xaverian characterized by Eucharistic devotion, veneration afternoon, after Vespers, Exposition of trumpets and timpani. celebrations at the end of 1725. The antiphons, of the Cross, and the adoration of Mary as Queen the Blessed Sacrament. The Lauretanian Because litanies are written to be processed which are derived from Christ’s parables, are sung of Heaven—entered Saxony. Her influence on the Litanies were sung, followed by collects, to, most settings of litanies are relatively simple. In in . The hymn, Iste Confessor, Dresden Catholic court church and its music is amongst which were collects of St Dresden, however, public Catholic processions were is sung in Gregorian chant with the last verse set especially evident in the celebrations of the feasts [Francis] Xavier, and finally, Solemn prohibited in the open air. Instead, the Litanies by Palestrina. Unusually for Baroque composers, of Corpus Christi and Francis Xavier, patron of Benediction. The same was done on the were sung within the church to full instrumental Zelenka was an avid collector of Renaissance music, the Imperial palace in Vienna and a to whom other Sundays and feast days which fell accompaniment and with the characteristic particularly the music of Spanish composers and she was particularly devoted. The influence of during the octave. On the ferial days, splendour associated with the Dresden court. The Palestrina. He frequently incorporated this music Maria Josepha is evident in the degree to which Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament text of the Litanies of St. Francis Xavier expounds into his service plans. Palestrina’s Iste Confessor this Jesuit came to be honoured in from ten o’clock in the mornings, with the qualities of the saint, each phrase followed serves as a counterpoint to Zelenka’s adventurous Dresden. The Jesuit annual letter of 1720 reported the same number of candles . . . two by the petition: ora pro nobis (‘pray for us’). and complex style. the saint as Maria Josepha’s ‘Holy Patron’. Each private Masses were said by the court Zelenka uses all his ingenuity in the 1727 Litanies As was customary in Baroque times, a child born to her carried the name Franz Xaver or chaplains, the Xavier litany was recited to capture the many ways this petition might be prelude and are improvised by the organist, Franziska Xaveria (her own baptismal names were in the vernacular and, after a private delivered. In some contexts Zelenka sets these John O’Donnell, in the style of Zelenka. These Maria Josepha Benedikta Antonia Theresia Xaveria Benediction, devotions came to an end. words as a dramatic entreaty or a desperate plea improvised movements were used to cover Philippine). The eighth child, Franz Xaver Albert At four o’clock in the afternoon, litanies while in others he sets it with simplicity, inspiring movements during the Vespers service or to replace August Ludwig Benno, was so named because this were sung as on the feast day itself. The devotion and reverence. Zelenka’s 1727 setting the repeat of the antiphon. successful birth provided ‘a clear proof of the firm octave was concluded with a sung votive of the Litanies uses his characteristic sonorous © Dr Jan Stockigt conviction that the birth of the Prince was the to the saint and, on completion of the orchestration: to the two violin and oboe parts result not so much of the prayers of the mother as litanies towards evening, Benediction Zelenka adds two viola parts and a basso continuo of the two ’ (Xavier and Benno). followed. section which probably consisted of at least one The Jesuit annual letter for 1719, written violone and often a bassoon together with organ. following Maria Josepha’s arrival, reported on the In this recording we have chosen to use a 12-foot heightened status of the Xavier feast in Dresden: violone as the main string continuo instrument, The Serene Princess furnished a brilliant adding the sixteen-foot violone and the bassoon for 4 5 Melbourne sang the female chant in the television Handel’s Carmelite Vespers and Alessandro documentary, Tuscany. The choir has had its own Scarlatti’s Missa Sancta Cecilia. three-concert subscription series since 1995. It is Zelenka: The Litanies of St Francis Xavier resident at Newman College, The University of is the Schola Cantorum of Melbourne’s Melbourne, where it sings in regular services. second compact disc recording, following the The Schola Cantorum Baroque Players successful release of O Rose, So Red on the accompany the Schola Cantorum of Melbourne Move label in 1998. O Rose, So Red presents an in their baroque concerts. They have joined anthology of Marian songs and motets from the forces with the choir in a series of service Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque. reconstructions incorporating works such as Charpentier’s Missa Assumpta est Maria,

Sopranos Altos Tenors Basses Bernadette Ballard Deborah Dowling Euan Brown Richard Droege Sue Droege Christopher Field Brian Johnson Robert Ely Sharon Mulready Melissa Lee Peter Neustupny´ Nicholas Howden Jacqueline Smith Jill Livett John Weretka

Gary Ekkel of Renaissance choral music at Gary Ekkel had his formative the same university in 1997. training in early music with Hartley Under the auspices of an M.A. Newnham, Ruth Wilkinson and Bartlett Research scholarship, Schola Cantorum of Melbourne Hans-Dieter Michatz in the late he conducted research on music presented the first performance since the sixteenth 1970’s and early 1980’s. During of the Josquin generation at Schola Cantorum of Melbourne has century of works by Morales and Guerrero in the 1986-87 he received a Netherlands the Bibliothèque Nationale in established a reputation for presenting sacred music recently discovered Granada Government Scholarship to and the Centre d’Études from the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque MS. 975 manuscript. Schola Cantorum of study Gregorian chant, sacred Supérieures de la Renaissance in together with Gregorian chant in historical and Melbourne performed the Medieval Easter Play, music and baroque flute under Tours, in 1993 and 1994. innovative contexts. Among its priorities are the Visitatio Sepulchri, as part of the Melbourne Barthold Kuijken at the Royal In 1996 he was appointed Director liturgical reconstructions of major feasts, the International Festival of Organ and Harpsichord Conservatorium in The Hague. of Choral Music at St. ’s performance of Medieval plays and the public in 1996. It has subsequently produced two further He has since graduated with a Grammar School. He has been exposure of unpublished music. Its present Medieval plays: The Voice of Rachel, for the feasts Masters degree in Performance at the conductor of the Schola conductor, Gary Ekkel founded Schola Cantorum of Christmas and Holy Innocents and the The the University of Melbourne in Cantorum of Melbourne since its of Melbourne in 1994. In the following year it Play of . The women of Schola Cantorum of 1988 and a Doctorate in the analysis inception in 1994. 6 7 Soloists

Lucinda Moon leader

Schola Cantorum Baroque Players Standing L to R: Melissa Lee alto Christopher Field falsettist Sue Droege soprano Violins Small Violone (12-foot) Adrian Phillips tenor Lucinda Moon (leader) Rosemary Webber Bassoon Michael Leighton Jones bass Briar Goessi Simon Rickard Julie Hewison Large Violone (16-foot) Seated L to R: Cathy Shugg Sorenson Organ John O’Donnell CD cover: Hans Memling (c. 1430/40–1494) The Last Judgement Violas Oboes middle panel (detail) © Pomorskie Museum, Gdansk, Poland Julie Hewison Anne Gilby Recorded in the Move Studios, Melbourne Ross Mitchell Kirsten Barry Layout: Martin Wright Photography: Andrew Wuttke John O’Donnell organ

8 9 Psalm 111 ( Ps. 110): First Vespers and Litanies for the Zelenka Confitebor ZWV73, c. 1728-29 Feast of St Francis Xavier q0 Antiphon (Gregorian): Euge serve bone, in modico Antiphon: Well done, good servant, faithful in little things, enter into the joy of your Lord. 1 Prelude in the style of Zelenka (J. O’Donnell) fidelis, intra in gaudium Domini tui. qa I will praise thee, O Lord, with my whole heart ; in 2 Deus in adjutorium – Gregorian chant Confitebor tibi Domine in toto corde meo: in consilio justorum et congregatione. the council of the just, and in the congregation. V: Deus in adjutorium meum intende. V: O God, come to my assistance. Magna opera Domini: exquisita in omnes voluntates Great are the works of the Lord; sought out R: Domine ad adjuvandum me festina. R: O Lord, make haste to help me. ejus. according to all his wills. Doxology: Gloria Patri et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. Doxology: Glory be to the Father and to the Son Confessio et magnificentia opus ejus: et justitia ejus His work is praise and magnificence: and his justice Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper, et in saecula and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the manet in saeculum saeculi. continueth for ever and ever. saeculorum. Amen. Alleluia. beginning, is now and ever shall be, world Memoriam fecit mirabilium suorum, misericors He hath made a remembrance of his wonderful without end. Amen. Alleluia. works, being a merciful and gracious Lord: he Psalm 110 (Vulgate Ps. 109): et miserator Dominus: escam dedit timentibus se. hath given food to them that fear him. Zelenka Dixit Dominus ZWV66, c. 1725 Memor erit in saeculum testamenti sui: virtutem operum He will be mindful for ever of his covenant: he will 3 Antiphon (Gregorian): Domine, quinque talenta Antiphon: Lord, You delivered to me five talents; suorum annuntiabit populo suo: show forth to his people the power of his works: tradidisti mihi : ecce alia quinque superlucratus sum. behold, I have gained another five and above. Ut det illis haereditatem gentium: opera That he may give them the inheritance of the 4 Dixit Dominus Domino meo: Sede a dextris meis. The Lord said to my Lord: Sit thou at my right hand: manuum ejus veritas et judicium. gentiles: the works of his hands are truth and Donec ponam inimicos tuos, scabellum pedum tuorum. Until I make thy enemies thy footstool. judgment. 5 Virgam virtutis tuae emittet Dominus ex Sion: Fidelia omnia mandata ejus: confirmata in saeculum All his commandments are faithful: confirmed for dominare in medio inimicorum tuorum. The Lord will send forth the sceptre of thy power saeculi: facta in veritate et aequitate. ever and ever, made in truth and equity. Tecum principium in die virtutis tuae in splendoribus out of Sion: rule thou in the midst of thy Redemptionem misit populo suo: mandavit in aeternum He hath sent redemption to his people: he hath sanctorum: ex utero ante luciferum genui te. enemies. testamentum suum. commanded his covenant for ever. With thee is the principality in the day of thy Sanctum et terribile nomen ejus: initium sapientiae Holy and terrible is his name: the fear of the Lord is Juravit Dominus, et non paenitebit eum: Tu es sacerdos strength; in the brightness of the saints: from Domini. the beginning of wisdom. in aeternum secundum ordinem Melchisedech. the womb before the day-star I begot thee. Intellectus bonus omnibus facientibus eum: laudatio ejus A good understanding to all that do it: his praise Dominus a dextris tuis, confregit in die irae suae reges. The Lord hath sworn, and he will not repent: Thou manet in saeculum saeculi. continueth for ever and ever. art a priest for ever according to the order Doxology Doxology 6 Judicabit in nationibus, implebit ruinas: of Melchisedech. qs Antiphon: Euge … Antiphon: Well done, … conquassabit capita in terra multorum. The Lord at thy right hand hath broken kings in 7 De torrente in via bibet: propterea exaltabit caput. the day of his wrath. Psalm 112 (Vulgate Ps. 111): He shall judge among nations; he shall fill ruins: Zelenka Beatus vir ZWV75, October 10, 1725 he shall crush the heads in the land of many. Doxology: Gloria patri … He shall drink of the torrent in the way: therefore qd Antiphon: Faithful and prudent servant, whom the 8 Sicut erat … Antiphon (Gregorian): Fidelis servus et prudens, shall he lift the head. Lord has set over His household. 9 Antiphon: Domine, quinque talenta … quem constituit Dominus super familiam suam. Doxology: Glory be to the Father … qf Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord: he shall Beatus vir qui timet Dominum: in mandatis As it was in the beginning … ejus volet nimis. delight exceedingly in his commandments. Antiphon: Lord, … Potens in terra erit semen ejus: generatio rectorum His seed shall be mighty upon earth: the 10 benedicetur. 11 Gloria et divitiae in domo ejus: et justitia ejus generation of righteous shall be blessed. gloria ejus. above the heavens. manet in saeculum saeculi. Glory and wealth shall be in his house: and his Quis sicut Dominus Deus noster, qui in altis habitat, Who is as the Lord our God, who dwelleth on high, Exortum est in tenebris lumen rectis: misericors, et justice remaineth for ever and ever. et humilia respicit in caelo et in terra? and looketh down on the low things in heaven miserator, et justus. To the righteous a light is risen up in darkness: he and in earth? Jucundus homo qui miseretur et commodat, is merciful, and compassionate and just. Suscitans a terra inopem, et de stercore erigens Raising up needy from the earth, and lifting up the disponet sermones suos in judicio: quia in Acceptable is the man that showeth mercy and pauperem : poor out of the dunghill: aeternum non commovebitur. lendeth: he shall order his words with judgment Ut collocet eum cum principibus, cum principibus That he may place him with princes, with the In memoria aeterna erit justus: ab auditione because he shall not be moved for ever. populi sui. princes of his people. mala non timebit. The just shall be in everlasting rememberance: he Qui habitare facit sterilem in domo, matrem filiorum Who maketh a barren woman to dwell in a house, Paratum cor ejus sperare in Domino, shall not fear the evil hearing. laetantem. the joyful mother of children. confirmatum est cor ejus: non commovebitur His heart is ready to hope in the Lord: his heart is Doxology Doxology donec despiciat inimicos suos. strengthened, he shall not be moved until he wa Antiphon: Beatus … Antiphon: Blessed … Dispersit, dedit pauperibus: justitia ejus manet look over his enemies. in saeculum saeculi: cornu ejus exaltabitur in He hath distributed, he hath given to the poor: Psalm 117 (Vulgate Ps. 116): gloria. his justice remaineth for ever and ever: his horn Zelenka Laudate Dominum ZWV87, c. 1728 shall be exalted in glory. qg Peccator videbit, et irascetur, dentibus suis The wicked shall see, and shall be angry: he shall ws Antiphon (Gregorian): Serve bone et fidelis, intra Antiphon: Good and faithful servant, enter into the fremet et tabescet: desiderium peccateorum gnash with his teeth, and pine away: the desire in gaudium Domini tui. joy of your Lord. peribit. of the wicked shall perish. wd Laudate Dominum omnes gentes: laudate eum O praise the Lord, all ye nations: praise him, all ye Doxology: Glory be to the Father … omnes populi. people. qh Doxology: Gloria patri … Amen Quoniam confirmata est super nos misericordia ejus: et For his mercy is confirmed upon us: and the truth qj Amen. veritas Domini manet in aeternum. of the Lord remaineth for ever. qk Fugue in the style of Zelenka in place of silent Doxology Doxology antiphon: Fidelis servus et prudens (J. O’Donnell) wf Antiphon: Serve bone … Antiphon: Good and faithful servant …

Psalm 113 (Vulgate Ps. 112): wg Chapter Beatus vir – Ecclesiasticus 31:8-9 Zelenka Laudate Pueri ZWV82, Nov. 10, 172[5?] Beatus vir qui inventus est sine macula : et qui post Happy the man found without fault, who turns not ql Antiphon (Gregorian): Beatus ille servus, quem Antiphon: Blessed is that servant whom his Lord, aurum non abiit, nec speravit in pecunia et thesauris. aside after gold, and puts not his hope in money cum venerit dominus ejus, et pulsaverit januam, when He comes and knocks at the door, shall Quis est hic, et laudabimus eum? Fecit enim mirabilia and treasure. Who is he, that we may praise invenerit vigilantem. find watching. in vita sua. him? For he has done wonders in his life. w0 Laudate pueri Dominum : laudate nomen Praise the Lord, ye children: praise ye the name R: Deo Gratias. R: Thanks be to God. Domini. of the Lord. Sit nomen Domini benedictum, ex hoc nunc, et usque Blessed be the name of the Lord, from henceforth wh Hymn Iste Confessor; vs. 1-4: Gregorian Chant; in saeculum. now and for ever. v. 5: Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525-94) A solis ortu usque ad occasum, laudabile nomen From the rising of the sun unto the going down of 1. This Confessor of the Lord, honoured and Domini. the same, the name of the Lord is worthy of 1. Iste Confessor Domini, colentes quem pie laudant lovingly praised by the peoples of the world, on praise. populi per orbem, hac die laetus meruit beatas this day merited to receive with joy the highest Excelsus super omnes gentes Dominus, et super caelos The Lord is high above all nations: and his glory scandere sedes. honour and praise. 12 13 2. Qui pius, prudens, humilis, pudicus, sobriam 2. He was holy, discrete, humble and chaste; and, as Deposuit potentes de sede, et exaltavit humiles. He hath filled the hungry with good things: and duxit sine labe vitam donec humanos animavit aurae long as the breath of life was in him, he led a the rich he hath sent away empty. spiritus artus. mortified and blameless life. Esurientes implevit bonis: et divites dimisit inanes. He hath received Israel his servant, being mindful 3. Cujus ob praestans meritum frequenter, aegra quae 3. Because of his outstanding holiness many sick of his mercy. passim jacuere membra, viribus morbi domitis, saluti persons from different places were freed of the e0 Suscepit Israel puerum suum, recordatus As he spoke to our fathers, to and his restituuntur. malady that afflicted them and restored to health. misericordiae suae. seed for ever. 4. Noster hinc illi chorus obsequentem concinit 4. For this reason we as a choir sing his praise and Sicut locutus est ad patres nostros, Abraham et semini Doxology: Glory be to the Father … laudem celebresque palmas, ut piis ejus precibus celebrate his renowned victories so that he may ejus in saecula. Amen. juvemur omne per aevum. help us now and always by his prayers. Doxology Gloria patri … Antiphon: This man … 5. Sit salus illi, decus, atque virtus, qui super caeli 5. , glory and power be to Him that sits in ea Amen. solio coruscans, totius mundi seriem gubernat, trinus dazzling splendour on the heavenly throne and es Antiphon: Hic vir … et unus. guides creation on its ordered course, God, three and one. Prayers and Blessings V: The Lord be with with you. wj Versicle Amavit eum ed Collect Deus qui Indiarum – chant R: And with thy spirit. V: Amavit eum Dominus, et ornavit eum. V: The Lord loved him and adorned him. V: Dominus vobiscum. V: O Lord, by the preaching and the of St. R: Stolam gloriae induit eum. R: He clothed him with splendid apparel. R: Et cum spiritu tuo. Francis You brought the peoples of the Indies V: Deus, qui Indiarum gentes beati Francisci into Your Church. Grant that while venerating praedicatione et miraculis Ecclesiae tuae aggregare his merits and his glory we may also imitate the Canticle voluisti: concede propitius; ut cujus gloriosa merita virtues he exemplified. This we ask of You Zelenka Magnificat in D veneramur, virtutum quoque imitemur exempla. Per through Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and ZWV108, November 25, 1725 eundem Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum Filium reigns in the unity of the Holy Spirit of God, for Antiphon: This man, despising the world and worldly tuum: qui tecum vivit et regnat in unitate Spiritus ever and ever. wk Antiphon (Gregorian): Hic vir, despiciens things, triumphantly laid up treasure in heaven Sancti Deus, per omnia saecula saeculorum. mundum et terrena, triumphans, divitias caelo by word and deed. condidit ore, manu. My soul doth magnify the Lord: R: Amen. R: Amen. wl Magnificat anima mea Dominum. And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour: ef Benedicamus Domino – chant V: The Lord be with you. Et exsultavit spiritus meus in Deo salutari meo. Because he hath regarded the humility of his V: Dominus vobiscum. R: And with thy spirit. Quia respexit humilitatem ancillae suae: ecce enim ex handmaid: for, behold, from henceforth all R: Et cum spiritu tuo. V: Let us bless the Lord. hoc beatam me dicent omnes generationes. generations shall call me blessed. V: Benedicamus Domino. R: Thanks be to God. For he that is mighty hath done great things to me: R: Deo Gratias. Quia fecit mihi magna qui potens est: et sanctum and holy is his name. eg Fidelium animae – chant V: May the souls of the faithful departed through nomen ejus. And his mercy is from generation to generation, to V: Fidelium animae per misericordiam Dei the mercy of God rest in peace. Et misericordia ejus a progenie in progenies timentibus them that fear him. requiescant in pace. R: Amen. eum. He hath showed might in his arm: he hath scattered R: Amen. Our Father (in ) Fecit potentiam in brachio suo: dispersit superbos the proud in the conceit of their heart. Pater noster (in silence) V: May the Lord grant you his peace. mente cordis sui. He hath put down the mighty from their seat, V: Dominus det nobis suam pacem. R: And life everlasting. Amen. and hath exalted the humble. R: Et vitam aeternam. Amen.

14 15 Litany Tuba resonans S. Spiritus … Resounding trumpet of the Holy Spirit … Zelenka Litaniae Xaverianae ZWV 155, Columna Templi Dei … Column of the Temple of God … November 28, 1727 Lux Paganorum … Light of pagans … Magister credentium … Teacher of believers … eh Kyrie eleison Lord have mercy. Christ have mercy. Lord have Speculum verae pietatis … Mirror of true piety … Kyrie eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison. mercy. Dux in via virtutum, et Christianae perfectionis … Leader of the way of virtues and Christian Perfection … Christe audi nos. Christe exaudi nos. Christ hear us. Christ graciously hear us. Exemplar Apostolici spiritus, et sanctitatis … Model of the apostolic spirit and of holiness … Pater de coelis Deus, Miserere nobis. God, the Father of Heaven, have mercy on us. Lumen caecorum … Light of the blind … Fili Redemptor mundi Deus, Miserere nobis. God the Son, Saviour of the world, have mercy on us. Pes Claudorum … Foot of the lame … Spiritus sancte Deus, Miserere nobis. God the Holy Spirit, have mercy on us. Auxiliator naufragantium … Aid of the shipwrecked … Sancta Trinitas unus Deus, Miserere nobis. Holy , one God, have mercy on us. Sancta Maria, Ora pro nobis. Holy Mary, pray for us. r0 Salus aegrotantum Sancta Dei Genitrix, Ora pro nobis. Holy Mother of God, pray for us. Salus aegrotantum … Health of the ill … Sancta Virgo Virginum, Ora pro nobis. Holy of Virgins, pray for us. S. Pater Ignati … Holy Father Ignatius … ra Fugator daemonum Fugator daemonum … Expeller of demons … ej Sancte Francisce Xaveri Vita mortuorum … Life of the dead … Saint Francis Xavier, most worthy and loved son of Cujus potestati obediunt mare, et tempestates … Whose power the sea and storms obey … Sancte Francisce Xaveri, dignissime, et Holy Father Ignatius … Cujus imperia venerantur universa elementa … Whose commands are respected by all elements … dilectissime Fili S.P.Ignatii … St Francis Xavier, Apostle of the Indies … Prodigiorum Thaumaturge … worker of prodigies … S. Francisce Xaveri, Indiarum Apostole … St Francis Xavier, preaching peace … Refugium miserorum … Refuge of the wretched … S. Francisce Xaveri, evangelizans pacem … St Francis Xavier, bringing good news … Gaudium afflictorum … Joy of the afflicted … S. Francisce Xaveri, evangelizans bona … Vessel of election, bearing the name of Jesus among Orientis splendor … Spendour of the East … Vas electionis, portans Nomen Jesu coram Gentibus the Gentiles … Pignus resurrectionis ad vitam gratiae et gloriae . . . Pledge of the resurrection to a life of grace and glory … Vas redundans divinae charitatis … Vessel overflowing with divine charity … Tabernaculum incorruptionis … Tabernacle of purity … Aerarium divini amoris … Treasury of divine love … ek Firmamentum Orientis Ecclesiae Firmamentum Orientis Ecclesiae … Foundation of the Church in the East … rs Gloria Societatis Jesu Propugnator Fidei … Firm Defender of the Faith … Gloria Societatis Jesu … Glory of the Society of Jesus … Impugnator infidelitatis … Opponent of unbelief … Legate Apostolicae Romanae Sedis … Ambassador of the Apostolic Roman See … Praedicator Evangelicae veritatis … Preacher of truth … Idolorum Destructor … Destroyer of idols … rd Pauperrime Xaveri Electum a Patre aeterno Instrumentum Instrument chosen by the Eternal Father to spread Pauperrime Xaveri … Xavier, poorest of the poor … Propagandae divinae gloriae … Divine Glory … Castissime Xaveri … Xavier, most chaste … Obedientissime Xaveri … Xavier, most obedient … el Fidelis imitator Humillime Xaveri … Xavier, most humble … Fidelis imitator, et Socie Jesu Christi Filii Faithful imitator and companion of Jesus Christ the Crucis Christi, ac laborum pro Christo cupidissime Most desirous of the Cross of Christ, and of labours for Dei ... Son of God … Xaveri … Christ … 16 17 In salutem proximi vigilantissime Xaveri … Xavier, most watchful to save your neighbour … Marian antiphon and prayer Suavissime Xaveri … Most gentle Xavier … Gloriosissime Xaveri … Most glorious Xavier … rl Zelenka Alma Redemptoris Mater ZWV124, c. 1725-26 rf Sancte Francisce Xaveri Alma Redemptoris Mater, quae per via caeli porta Loving mother of the Redeemer, open door to heaven Animarum et divini honoris Zelator ardentissime … Ardent lover of souls and divine honour … manes, Angele moribus, et vita … Angel in your character and life … Et stella maris, succurre cadenti surgere qui curat And star of the sea, come quickly to the aid of your Patriarcha affectu, et studio curandi populum Dei … in your desire and effort to protect the populo: people, fallen indeed by striving to rise again. … Tu quae genuisti, natura mirante, tuum sanctum To nature’s astonishment you were the mother of Propheta dono, et spiritu … Prophet for your gift and spirit … Genitorem: your holy Creator Apostole dignitate et merito … Apostle for your worthiness and merit … Virgo prius ac posterius, Gabrielis ab ore sumens illud Without ceasing to be a virgin, and heard from Doctor Gentium potens in multifario sermone, Teacher of the Gentiles, eloquent in many Ave, peccatorum miserere. that greeting “Hail.” Have pity on us sinners. et opere … languages, powerful in deed … Confessor virtute, et vitae professione … Confessor by your virtue and pattern of life … t0 Angelus Domini – chant Virgo animo, et corpore … Virgin in mind and body … V: Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariae. V: The Angel of the Lord made the announcement to Mary. R: Et concepit de Spiritu Sancto. R: And she conceived by the Holy Spirit. rg In quo uno omnium Sanctorum In quo uno omnium Sanctorum merita ex Divina In whom alone we venerate the achievements of Benediction Benignitate veneramur … all saints, granted by Divine benevolence … ta Divinum auxilium – chant rh Agnus Dei (i) V: Divinum auxilium maneat semper nobiscum. V: May God’s help be always with us. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the R: Amen. R: Amen. Parce nobis Domine. world, spare us O Lord. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the Exaudi nos Domine. world, graciously hear us, O Lord. Editions rj Agnus Dei (ii) Dixit Dominus transcribed by Jan Stockigt from D-Dlb Mus. 2358- D-61,8. Autogr. score. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the Confitebor transcribed by Jan Stockigt from D-Dlb Mus. 2358-D-65. Autogr. score. Miserere nobis world, have mercy on us. Beatus vir, ed. Vratislav Belsky,v ´ Musica Antique Bohemica 2/5 (1971) Laudate pueri ed. Volker Kalisch, Carus-Verlag (1982) v ´ rk Christe audi nos, Kyrie (Gregorian chant) Laudate Dominum, ed. Vratislav Belsky, Thesaurus Musicae Bohemiae, series B, (1990) Magnificat ed. Wolfgang Horn, Carus-Verlag, 2nd ed., 1985 Christe audi nos. Christe exaudi nos. Christ hear us, Christ graciously hear us. Xaverianae Litaniae transcribed by Rainer Klaus (1982) from D-Dlb Mus. 2358-D-59. The Klaus edition was made for the editorial Kyrie eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison. Lord have mercy, Christ have mercy, Lord have department of Erbe Deutscher Musik, Musicological Institute of the University of Tübingen. mercy. Alma Redemptoris Mater transcribed by John Weretka from D-Dlb Mus. 2358-E-5. Autogr. score. Schola Cantorum of Melbourne would like to express its gratitude to Dr Jan Stockigt for her assistance and musicological expertise in the preparation of this recording. It also acknowledges the assistance of the Sächsisches Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden and Dr Kohlhase of the University of Tübingen for providing access to the relevant scores in this recording. Translations of the Litaniae Xaverianae: Dr Fairservice and Fr Stanislaus Hogan SJ.

18 19 Psalm 113 Prayers and Blessings ql Antiphon Beatus ille servus ed Collect Deus qui Indiarum – CD 1 0’34” chant 1’02” 1 Organ prelude in the style of w0 Zelenka Laudate pueri ef Benedicamus Domino 0’35” Zelenka (J. O’Donnell) 2’30” ZWV82 (c. 1725) 6’45” eg Fidelium animae – chant 0’31” 2 Deus in adjutorium – wa Antiphon chant 0’47” Beatus ille servus (ii) 0’34” Litany Zelenka Litaniae Xaverianae Psalm 110 Psalm 117 ZWV155 (1727) 3 Antiphon ws Antiphon eh Kyrie eleison 4’21” Domine quinque talenta 0’34” Serve bone et fidelis 0’16” ej Sancte Francisce 3’12” wd ek Jan Dismas Zelenka – Dixit Zelenka Laudate Dominum Firmamentum Orientis Dominus ZWV66 (c. 1725) ZWV87 (c. 1728) 3’52” Ecclesiae 1’26” wf Antiphon el Fidelis imitator 2’52” 4 Dixit Dominus 2’11” Serve bone et fidelis (ii) 0’17” r0 Salus aegrotantum 0’39” 5 Virgam virtutis 7’24” ra Fugator daemonum 2’41” 6 Judicabit 1’21” wg Chapter Beatus vir – chant 0’33” rs Gloria Societatis Jesu 0’37” 7 De torrente 3’00” wh Hymn Iste Confessor; v1-4 rd Pauperrime Xaveri 2’50” 8 Sicut erat 2’17” chant; v5 Giovanni Pierluigi da rf Sancte Francisce Xaveri 5’03” 9 Antiphon Domine quinque Palestrina (c. 1525-94) 3’49” rg In quo uno omnium Sanctorum talenta (ii) 0’33” 1’55” rh Agnus Dei (i) 2’16” Psalm 111 rj Agnus Dei (ii) 2’16” q0 Antiphon Euge serve bone 0’22” CD 2 rk Christe audi nos; qa Zelenka Confitebor ZWV73 (c. Kyrie – chant 0’32” 1728-29) 5’13” wj Versicle Amavit eum – chant 0’22” qs Antiphon Euge serve bone (ii) Marian antiphon 0’25” Canticle and prayer wk Antiphon Hic vir, despiciens rl Zelenka Psalm 112 mundum 0’33” Alma redemptoris Mater qd Antiphon Zelenka Magnificat in D ZWV124 (c. 1725-26) 1’58” Fidelis servus et prudens 0’23” ZWV108 (1725) t0 Marian prayer Zelenka Beatus vir ZWV75 (1725) wl Magnificat 4’37” Angelus Domini – chant 0’11” qf Beatus vir 6’02” e0 Suscepit Israel 3’30” qg Peccator 1’40” ea Amen 2’45” Benediction qh Gloria Patri 1’06” ta Divinum auxilium – chant 0’16” es Antiphon Hic vir, despiciens qj Amen 1’58” mundum (ii) 0’32” qk Organ fugue in the style of Zelenka 2’00” 20 2 CD set Jan Dismas Zelenka (1679-1745)

Schola First Vespers and Cantorum Litanies for the of Melbourne Feast of St Francis Xavier, Gary Ekkel Dresden, 1730 Schola Cantorum Baroque Players Dixit Dominus (ZWV66) Confitebor(ZWV73) Lucinda Moon leader Beatus vir (ZWV75) John O’Donnell organ Laudate Pueri (ZWV82) Laudate Dominum (ZWV87) Sue Droege soprano Melissa Lee alto Magnificat(ZWV108) Christopher Field falsettist Litaniae Xaverianae (ZWV155) Adrian Phillips tenor Michael Leighton Jones bass Alma Redemptoris Mater (ZWV124) John Weretka cantor Euan Brown lector with the hymn Iste Confessor, performed antiphons, responses and prayers in Gregorian chant on historical instruments

This recording has been made possible through the generous support of Newman College, © 2000 Schola Cantorum of Melbourne Melbourne MOVE RECORDS www.move.com.au

MCD 156