Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador

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Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador PORTADA PORTADA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS Y CONTABLES EVALUACIÓN DE PROCESOS DE UN CLUB HÍPICO DE LA CIUDAD DE QUITO CON OBJETO DE PROPONER CONTROLES EFICACES TENDIENTES A MITIGAR POTENCIALES FRAUDES TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN DE GRADO PREVIA A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO INGENIERÍA EN CONTABILIDAD Y AUDITORÍA C. P.A. VIVIANA SILVA DIRECTOR: MILTON K. MALDONADO E. Quito agosto 2015 DIRECTOR DE DISERTACIÓN: Milton K. Maldonado E. INFORMANTES: ARÉVALO FREDDY ZAMORA GENOVEVA ii DEDICATORIA A la casualidad. Por ponerme en esta familia que ha sido básicamente el pilar del resto de casualidades del curioso acto de ser. iii AGRADECIMIENTO Gracias a Dios por permitirme estar en tan bello mundo. A la paciencia, al buen humor, a la Alegría… Y al Wilson también. Gracias Grace, por ser mi hermana. Y gracias caballos por ser caballos. iv ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS PORTADA ......................................................................................................................... i DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................. iii AGRADECIMIENTO .................................................................................................... iv ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS ........................................................................................... v ÍNDICE DE GRÁFICOS ................................................................................................ ix ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ...................................................................................................... x ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS .................................................................................................... xi RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ............................................................................................ xii INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................... xiii CAPÍTULO I .................................................................................................................... 1 Entendimiento de la escuela y su giro de negocio ......................................................... 1 1.1. Deportes ecuestres ................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Presentación del área hípica del Club ................................................................. 6 1.2.1. Misión, visión y objetivos del área .................................................................. 7 1.2.2. Estructura organizacional y definición de funciones ....................................... 7 1.3. Teoría General de los Sistemas ........................................................................... 9 1.3.1. Pensamiento sistemático ................................................................................ 10 1.3.2. Importancia de los sistemas existentes bajo el enfoque de procesos ............. 19 1.4. Control Interno ................................................................................................... 20 1.4.1. Panorama general de los Controles Internos .................................................. 20 1.4.2. El Committee of Sponsoring Organization of The Treadway y Commission (COSO) .................................................................................................................... 22 1.4.3. El control interno, herramienta clave ............................................................. 28 v 1.5. Fraude en los procesos ........................................................................................ 29 1.5.1. Gestión de fraude exitosa................................................................................. 30 1.5.2. Triángulo de fraude ........................................................................................ 33 1.5.2.1. Indicadores de oportunidad ..................................................................... 34 1.5.2.2. Indicadores de la necesidad:.................................................................... 35 1.5.2.3. Indicadores de la justificación:................................................................ 36 CAPÍTULO II ................................................................................................................ 38 IDENTIFICACIÓN Y DIAGRAMACIÓN DE LOS PROCESOS ........................... 38 2.1. Identificación y familiarización con la escuela ................................................. 38 2.2. Diagramación de los procesos de la escuela hípica .......................................... 42 2.3. Narrativa de Mantenimiento de caballos .......................................................... 43 2.3.1. Ingreso de caballos ......................................................................................... 45 2.3.1.1. Ingreso de caballo o caballos de un socio, profesor o del Club. ............. 45 2.3.1.2.- Ingreso de caballo o caballos por eventos hípicos.-............................... 47 2.3.2.1. Estadía de caballos .................................................................................. 48 2.3.2.2. Estadía por compra del caballo ............................................................... 48 2.3.2.3. Estadía por evento. .................................................................................. 49 2.3.2.4. Estadía por tiempo de “prueba” .............................................................. 50 2.3.3. Mantenimiento de caballos ........................................................................ 50 2.3.3.1. Alimentación ........................................................................................... 51 2.3.3.2. Forraje ..................................................................................................... 52 2.3.3.3. Herraje ..................................................................................................... 53 2.4. Narrativa de Selección de personal ................................................................... 56 2.4.2. Selección de personal que no requieren título profesional......................... 59 2.4.3. Selección del herrero .................................................................................. 60 2.5. Narrativa Escuela Hípica ................................................................................... 61 2.5.1. Aprendizaje por primera vez ...................................................................... 63 2.5.2. Escuela para alumnos con experiencia ....................................................... 65 2.5.3. Cursos de verano ........................................................................................ 67 2.5.4. Entrenamiento del caballo .......................................................................... 68 vi 2.6. Narrativa concursos ........................................................................................... 71 2.6.1. Concurso como participante ....................................................................... 73 2.6.1.1. Concursos Provinciales. ..................................................................... 73 2.6.1.2. Concursos Nacionales. ........................................................................ 82 2.6.1.3. Copas internacionales. Clasificatorios ............................................... 91 2.6.2. Concurso como anfitrión ............................................................................ 93 CAPÍTULO III ............................................................................................................... 97 EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS Y POTENCIALES FRAUDES EN LOS PROCESOS PRINCIPALES ........................................................................................ 97 3.1. Análisis de riesgos e impactos de los procesos clave ........................................ 97 3.1.1. Riesgos identificados en narrativa de mantenimiento de caballos ................. 97 3.1.2. Riesgos identificados en narrativa de Selección de personal ....................... 106 3.1.3. Riesgos identificados en narrativa de escuela hípica ................................... 108 3.1.4. Riesgos identificados en narrativa de concursos .......................................... 112 3.2. Indicadores de fraude dentro del área hípica ................................................. 117 3.2.1. Triángulo de fraude proceso de Mantenimiento de Caballos....................... 117 3.2.2. Triángulo de fraude proceso de Selección de Personal ................................ 118 3.2.3. Triángulo de fraude proceso de Escuela Hípica ........................................... 119 3.2.4. Triángulo de fraude proceso de Escuela Hípica ........................................... 120 3.3. Determinación de posibles fraudes; casos ....................................................... 122 3.3.1. Anemia infecciosa equina ............................................................................ 122 3.3.2. Seguro del caballo ........................................................................................ 124 3.3.3. Alimentación ................................................................................................ 126 3.3.4. Personal no capacitado ................................................................................. 129 3.3.5. Logística incorrecta ...................................................................................... 130 3.3.6. Entrenamiento del caballo ............................................................................ 132 3.3.7. Premios ........................................................................................................
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