DOCSLIB.ORG

Tram) in Urban Area Case Study : Hiroshima (Japan)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tram) in Urban Area Case Study : Hiroshima (Japan) Revival of LRT (Tram) in Urban Area Case Study : Hiroshima (Japan) Town & Country Planning Organization, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi E-mail : [email protected] 1 Introduction (LRT : Light Rail Transit) • A metropolitan electric railway system characterized by : -ability to operate single cars or short trains -along exclusive rights-of-way at ground level, on aerial structures (elevated),in subways, or occasionally in streets and -board and discharge passengers at track or car floor level. (Source: TRB’s Urban Public Transportation Glossary) 2 • LRT (Light Metro) is light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) which is characterized by : - exclusive ROW, - advanced train control system, - short headway capability and - floor-level boarding. • LRT is considered as a better option than Tram ( Street Car) due to : -multiple unit operation, -larger length (29 mt ) and -fast speed ( 105 km/hr). Source: Siemens Technical Data - Light Rail Vehicle System, Houston, USA. 3 LRT Vs Tram • Tram is a sub-category of LRT rather than distinct transport mode. • Tram is a lower capacity of LRT . • Tram’s track and train run along the streets having shared space with road traffic. • Tram Stops are provided frequently with smaller stations. Double Decker Tram in Hong Kong MetroLink: Street Level LRT in Manchester City Centre, England, UK 4 Tram in Hiroshima (Japan) • On August 06, 1945 ( 8:15 AM), atom bomb (Little Boy) was dropped by USA during WW-II . Devastated Hiroshima after Atomic Bomb Source: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, Photo by Shigeo Hayashi - RA119-RA134 Burnt City of Hiroshima after Atomic Bomb 6 Damaged Church Bldg. Restored Church Bldg. Located near Ebisucho Tram Stop. The church was restored and reconstructed. At present, it is not usable due to weak foundation. 7 Damaged Hiroshima Prefecture Industrial Promotion Hall Near bomb’s hypocenter, ruins of the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall have been preserved as structure to remind horrors of nuclear weapons. 8 Miyajima Island Hiroshima Bay Japan, September 2014 9 3 tramcars were repaired & started in operation just 3 days after atomic bomb. It carried people and materials in post war construction . (Source: Japan Railway & Transport Review). Burnt Street Car (Tram) in Hiroshima after Atomic Bomb Restored and Reconstructed Tram Track 10 View of Tram Station/Stop in Hiroshima 11 Atomic Bomb Dome Tram Station, Hiroshima12 • During 1960-90, due to economic boost up, car ownership increased which caused congestion, delay of tram timetable …………… trams system started to close . • In 1980, replacement of old car started by new LRVs in Rolling stock. • In 1999, German Low Floor Tram Car came in Hiroshima. Tram in Hiroshima 13 S.N. City Operator Route-Km No. of Lines Ratio of operating expenditure to revenue (after depreciation) ____________________________________________________________________________ i. Hiroshima Hiroshima Electric Railway 34.9 * 8 86.2 ii. Nagasaki Nagasaki Electric Tramway 11.5 4 96.6 ____________________________________________________________________________ *Hiroshima Electric Railway Co. (Hiro-Den) runs : Conventional tram lines = 18.8 km and Modern LRT Line between Nishi-Hiroshima and Hiroden-Miyajima = 16.1km 14 Hiroshima Tram Network Increase in Ridership -Introduce New Cars, -Tram approach Indicators, -New Tram stops with Roof, etc. • Hiroshima Miyajima Line started to connect world famous Itsukushima Shrine (UNESCO World Heritage Site) which increased ridership on this line. • Hiroshima Miyajima Line also provides inner city movement through connection of all trams in Hiroshima. Itsukushima Shrine (UNESCU World Heritage Site) Itsukushima Shrine (UNESCO Trams on Miyajima Line World Heritage Site) 15 Financial Incentive for Tram S.N Year Initiatives Remarks . i. FY 1995 Relocation of Traffic -improvement of Tram stops Impediments Program -improvement of Road beds, -other amenities and facilities, etc. ii. FY 1997 Tramway Reconstruction provided subsidies from Road Program Improvement special Account to Tram. iii. FY 1998 Subsidies for construction, improvement, extension of tram line if such work: reduces traffic congestion and facilitates smooth traffic flow on the road. Replace all old car to low floor tram car for elderly and differently able persons. 16 Tram in India : An Over view of Kolkata Tram 17 Indian Trams in Bollywood Source: TOI Delhi Ed. 14.09.2015 18 International Experience & Feasibility in Indian Conditions • Population required : 2.0 -8.0 lakh • Route Length : 20-50 km (Av. Length= 32 km) • Productivity of LRT system in densely developed cities is calculated by no. of passenger-km produced by per transit employee both on- board and off-board(ground duty): S.N. Modes(s) Annual Passenger Km. i. Metro 4,13,500 ii. LRT 3,01,618 iii. Urban Bus 2,01,125 _________________________________________________ Source: Transport Research Board, Washington, USA 19 • Medium capacity PT suitable for medium sized towns in the country. • Provide street level barrier free accessibility with compare to metro / monorail, etc. (underground/elevated). • Cost Component -Subway (Engg. Cost) :20 billion Yen/km -Subway (Infrastructure/land, etc) : 10 billion Yen/Km ------------------------------------ : 30 billion Yen/km ------------------------------------ LRT cost : 1 billion Yen/km 20 LRT as Feeder Mode -Bus as feeder is not much popular -e-rickshaw is last mile connectivity LRT as a feeder mode for close transit system such as metro, monorail, sub-urban rail, etc. Example : VBK Tram System , Karlsruhe, Germany It runs through the heavy rail network to link the city Centre and sub urban areas. 21 Frequent Service -Six car train (1 No.) runs @ 15 minutes -Two car Train (1 No.)runs @5 minutes Example : Maebashi & Takasaki , Japan -50% car users show willingness to shift for PT if frequency is more frequent. -60% car users shows willingness if frequency is 15 minutes -90% car users shows willingness if frequency is 10 minutes 22 Congested Vs De-congested of City Centre • In Indian cities, LRT(tram) at grade level can reduce congestion in CBD, Employment Centre, etc. by replacing mini bus, auto, cycle rickshaws, etc. • Further, it will reduce -demand of parking lots, -vehicular pollution, etc.and revitalize public open space. • It may fulfill the requirement of missing link in the network . Example : Toyama City Tram Loop Line project was extended by 0.9 km (approx.) 23 Compact cum Tram City Toyama City has been featured one of the five leading compact cities in the world by OECD by revitalization of public transport (Tram) Source : Kumar, Pawan (2015), Planning of Smart City as Compact City based on Public Transport: Learning Experience from Japan, Indian Journal of Transport Management, January-March, pp. 4-13. 24 • It establishes : -the route, -a closed network and -better connectivity to down town areas. Result : It revitalizes the entire city tram system, increases ridership and improves the city center image. Source : Kumar, Pawan (2015), Planning of Smart City as Compact City based on Public Transport: Learning Experience from Japan, Indian Journal of Transport Management, January-March, pp. 4-13) 25 Example 2: UK Tramway Boom • The Manchester Metrolink Tram System was the catalyst for the boom in UK tramway construction. Manchester Metrolink Tram System : -Rail Commuter Line :28.2 km -New LRT Track :2.7 km Total : 30.9 km • Existing urban track may be used by LRT and complete the network. • On 30.9 Km line, – 16 Tram stops – 2 stops are shared between tram and local trans on separate platform, – 2 stops are part of larger city- centre rail stations – 5 rail stations (Source: Japan Railway & Transport Review ) 26 Comparison of Indian and Japanese Experience S.N. Criteria Toyama Hiroshima Exp. Kolkata Experience Exp. i. Public Awareness Yes Yes, after atomic Already in use. More bomb explosion. campaign is required ii. Fare Integration One day One day pass Fare integration with metro, pass bus,ferry, etc required iii. Station Design At grade At-grade User friendly due to At-grade /elevated design. • Allocation of (road) space at-grade as well as elevated/underground. • Innovation in Station Design with proper signage . • Institutional integration of Tram and Metro . • LRT as a brand for EST in medium & small cities in the country. 27 Thanking you for kind attention 28 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ashton-Under-Lyne Tram Stop 12 March 2019
    Rail Accident Report Passenger injury at Ashton-under-Lyne tram stop 12 March 2019 Report 15/2019 November 2019 This investigation was carried out in accordance with: l the Railway Safety Directive 2004/49/EC; l the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003; and l the Railways (Accident Investigation and Reporting) Regulations 2005. © Crown copyright 2019 You may re-use this document/publication (not including departmental or agency logos) free of charge in any format or medium. You must re-use it accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and you must give the title of the source publication. Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This document/publication is also available at www.gov.uk/raib. Any enquiries about this publication should be sent to: RAIB Email: [email protected] The Wharf Telephone: 01332 253300 Stores Road Website: www.gov.uk/raib Derby UK DE21 4BA This report is published by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch, Department for Transport. Preface Preface The purpose of a Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) investigation is to improve railway safety by preventing future railway accidents or by mitigating their consequences. It is not the purpose of such an investigation to establish blame or liability. Accordingly, it is inappropriate that RAIB reports should be used to assign fault or blame, or determine liability, since neither the investigation nor the reporting process has been undertaken for that purpose. The RAIB’s findings are based on its own evaluation of the evidence that was available at the time of the investigation and are intended to explain what happened, and why, in a fair and unbiased manner.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Connectivity and Accessibility Between Tram Stops and Public Facilities: a Case Study in the Historic Cities of Europe
    Urban Street Design & Planning 73 A study on connectivity and accessibility between tram stops and public facilities: a case study in the historic cities of Europe Y. Kitao1 & K. Hirano2 1Kyoto Women’s University, Japan 2Kei Atelier, Yame, Fukuoka, Japan Abstract The purpose of this paper is to understand urban structures in terms of tram networks by using the examples of historic cities in Europe. We have incorporated the concept of interconnectivity and accessibility between public facilities and tram stops to examine how European cities, which have built world class public transportation systems, use the tram network in relationship to their public facilities. We selected western European tram-type cities which have a bus system, but no subway system, and we focused on 24 historic cities with populations from 100,000 to 200,000, which is the optimum size for a large-scale community. In order to analyze the relationship, we mapped the ‘pedestrian accessible area’ from any tram station in the city, and analyzed how many public facilities and pedestrian streets were in this area. As a result, we were able to compare the urban space structures of these cities in terms of the accessibility and connectivity between their tram stops and their public facilities. Thus we could understand the features which determined the relationship between urban space and urban facilities. This enabled us to evaluate which of our target cities was the most pedestrian orientated city. Finally, we were able to define five categories of tram-type cities. These findings have provided us with a means to recognize the urban space structure of a city, which will help us to improve city planning in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Area Map Buses and Trams Taxis
    Ashton-Under-Lyne Station i Onward Travel Information Buses and Trams Local area map Rail replacement buses depart from the Station car park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 & also map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, CC BY-SA Main destinations by bus (Data correct at December 2019) DESTINATION BUS ROUTES BUS STOP DESTINATION BUS ROUTES BUS STOP DESTINATION BUS ROUTES BUS STOP 7 Stand B 231 Stand A Ridge Hill Estate 389 Stand F Hartshead Ashton Moss 217 Stand D 232 P Wellington Road Rochdale 409 Stand C Metrolink Tram Stop 396, 419 Stand A Royton 409 Stand C Hathershaw 7 Stand B 409 Stand C St Anne's Estate 335 Stand A 216 M Gas Street Hattersley 387 Stand F Salford Quays/MediaCityUK Metrolink Tram Stop Audenshaw 217 Stand D Haughton Green 347 K Katherine Street 231 Stand A Smallshaw 219 L Gas Street Hazelhurst 336, 337 P Wellington Road 232, 336, 337 P Wellington Road Metrolink Tram Stop Hey Farm Estate 350 Stand G 216 M Gas Street Bredbury 330 R Gas Street Heyrod 353, 354, 355** Stand D 217 Stand D Carrbrook 348 Stand G Hollingworth 236, 237 Stand E Sportcity 230 Stand B Chadderton 419 Stand A Hollinwood 396 Stand A 231 Stand A Copley 348 Stand G 216 Stand M Metrolink Tram Stop Coppice 419 Stand A Holt Town 231 Stand A 7 Stand B Stockport Crowhill 339 Stand A Metrolink Tram Stop 330 R Gas Street Dane Bank 7 Stand B 231 Stand A 231 Stand A Hurst Cross 335 Stand A 232, 336, 337 P Wellington Road Tameside General Hospital 350 Stand G Denton 345 R Gas Street 330 R Gas Street 387, 389 Stand F 347
    [Show full text]
  • FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE the Disability Resources Centre
    DISABILITY RESOURCES CENTRE (INC.) 3rd Floor, Ross House 247 Flinders Lane MELBOURNE 3000 Ph. 9671 3000 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The Disability Resources Centre welcomes Tram Stop Upgrades 9th May 2018 The DRC congratulates the Victorian Government on the announcement to upgrade the existing tram system, making it more accessible for people with disabilities. We are pleased that new island platforms will enable people with wheelchairs and mobility aids to travel independently to several Melbourne hospitals, cultural centres and places of education. The Disability Resources Centre (DRC) is a member-driven organisation that is managed and staffed by people with disabilities. We promote the rights of people with disabilities through individual and systemic advocacy. We are currently conducting an Accessible Public Transport project investigating the major transport issues faced by Victorians with disabilities. Throughout our consultation process we have recorded several examples of people with disabilities being unable to access essential services or popular destinations due to inaccessible trams. A mother living in a regional area shared that she regularly travels by train to Melbourne for hospital appointments with her son, yet there is no accessible public transport from the CBD train station to the hospital. She recalled being unable to exit the tram at the hospital, not knowing where the next accessible stop would be and whether she would arrive in time for the appointment, after travelling hours to get there. The new raised platforms will enable them to take the full journey from home to the hospital on public transport reducing the uncertainty, stress and cost they currently face.
    [Show full text]
  • What to Do in Hakodate
    What to do in Hakodate It has been said that Hakodate is one of Japan's most popular tourist destinations. The following guide contains brief descriptions of many of the places of interest and restaurants to help you decide whether or not Hakodate deserves such high praise. These recommendations are not exhaustive but are places that we believe will be of interest to the AAMAS conference attendees. Internet Links There are of course many ‘offline’ and ‘online’ guides to Hakodate to which we strongly recommend you refer. Here are some Internet links (both in English and Japanese), for those of you that wish to discover more about the city. Hakodate City Home Page (English) http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/kikaku/english/ Wikipedia; Hakodate (English) http://wikitravel.org/en/Hakodate Hakodate – Southern Hokkaido Tourist Guide (English) http://www.hakodate-kankou.com/f/index_e.html Hakodate Information Network (Japanese) http://www.hakodate.or.jp/ Hakodate Town Navi (Japanese) http://www.hakonavi.ne.jp/ Japan Rail Hakodate (Japanese) http://www.hakodate.or.jp/jr/default.htm Hakodate Bus Web Site (Japanese) http://www.hotweb.or.jp/hakobus/ Gourmet Hakonavi (Japanese) http://gourmet.hakonavi.ne.jp/ Hakodate YuShokuCho (Japanese) http://homepage2.nifty.com/matuisi/ In this PDF version of the Hakodate guide, you will find Internet links to many of the places that are mentioned. Although most of these links are to Japanese language web pages, they include photographs and maps, so should help to give you an idea of what the places look like, and where they can be found. Hakodate Tourist Office The tourist office (ふක᱄හᡜ) just to the north of the JR station is also a valuable source of information; they speak English.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Infrastructure - Tram Stop Platform Design
    Standard Infrastructure - Tram Stop Platform Design CE-021-ST-0012 1.01 17/03/2020 Disclaimer: This document is developed solely and specifically for use on Melbourne metropolitan tram network managed by Yarra Trams. It is not suitable for any other purpose. You must not use or adapt it or rely upon it in any way unless you are authorised in writing to do so by Yarra Trams. If this document forms part of a contract with Yarra Trams, this document constitutes a “Policy and Procedure” for the purposes of that contract. This document is uncontrolled when printed or downloaded. Users should exercise their own skill and care or seek professional advice in the use of the document. This document may not be current. Current standards are available for download internally from CDMS or from https://yarratrams.com.au/standards. Infrastructure - Tram Stop Platform Design Table of Contents 1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................... 4 3 COMPLIANCE ......................................................................................................................................... 4 4 REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 General .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Disabled Access to the Tram System in Melbourne, Victoria
    GFS-0812 Improving Disabled Access to the Tram System in Melbourne, Victoria An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the Department of Infrastructure and the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by ____________________________________________ Alexander Christakis ____________________________________________ Katie Flynn ____________________________________________ Jennifer Himottu 28 April 2007 ____________________________________________ Professor Holly Ault, Advisor ____________________________________________ Professor Guillermo Salazar, Advisor This report represents the work of three WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. Abstract This project assisted the Department of Infrastructure of the Victorian government in improving the accessibility of the tram system for disabled passengers in Melbourne, Australia. A systematic rating system for assessing future stops to upgrade to conform to accessibility standards was proposed and applied to three target routes. Criteria were defined by reviewing the current state of accessibility and interviewing stakeholders. The proposed approach will help to effectively focus project effort and funding to critical areas in the future. ii Acknowledgements This project was a great undertaking and the first time WPI was able to work with the DOI of the state of Victoria. Therefore, we would like to thank the several people that helped and encouraged us throughout our project and made our stay in Melbourne even more enjoyable. We would first like to thank our project liaison Dr. Jim North, also known to us as ―Doctor‖, ―Professor‖, ―Gunslinger‖, ―The Scotsman‖ and ―Boss Jim.‖ He went above and beyond his duties as project liaison and drilled into our heads the idea of ―Scottish Rules.‖ All the information we needed, as long as we asked, we received.
    [Show full text]
  • MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING to SELECT the BEST MONORAIL ROUTE Dr
    [Abdulkareem, 5(5): May, 2018] ISSN 2349-4506 Impact Factor: 3.799 Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING TO SELECT THE BEST MONORAIL ROUTE Dr. Imzaem Abdulkareem*, Dr. Ammar A. Shubber & Eng. Asseel Sabah Assist. Professor, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. Lecturer Doctor, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq Engineer, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1255758 KEYWORDS: tram route, best route selection, criteria weighting, multi criteria decision-making. ABSTRACT The primary goal of any route selection is to find the best one with adopted conditions that meet the predetermined selection criteria. Manipulating spatial data of multiple criteria using Geographic information system (GIS), GPS, and Civil 3D programs is presented in the paper. A case study in Baghdad City, in which the best tram route was chosen, was applied. Six alternative routes were proposed. A multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology was adopted to decide the best alternative. The study proved that a GIS based system combined with (MCDM) techniques may be a suitable tool for transforming geographical data into a decision and can be applied in tramway route planning and design. INTRODUCTION Any public transportation infrastructure development project should begin with the recognition of an existing or projected need to meet the present and growing demand in the future. This problem will result in a series of actions, starting with searching out and screening geographic areas and specific locations. Routes that satisfy the screening criteria are subject to detailed evaluation [1].
    [Show full text]
  • BICYCLE INTERACTIONS and STREETCARS: Lessons Learned and Recommendations
    BICYCLE INTERACTIONS AND STREETCARS: Lessons Learned and Recommendations Prepared for: Lloyd District Transportation Management Association (LDTMA) Prepared by: Alta Planning + Design October 17, 2008 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 Study Approach ..................................................................................... 3 Survey ................................................................................................ 3 Research ............................................................................................. 4 Existing Portland Practices ......................................................................................... 4 International Best Practices........................................................................................ 5 Analysis and Recommendations.................................................................. 9 Policy Framework................................................................................................... 17 Programmatic Support ............................................................................................. 17 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 18 Appendix A: Survey Questions..................................................................A-1 Appendix B: Survey Comments.................................................................B-1 Appendix C: Survey Results Memo.............................................................C-1
    [Show full text]
  • Tram-Train Is Currently Operational Between Sheffield and Rotherham Using Stock Illustrated Below Showing a Tram-Train at the Cathedral Tram Stop in Sheffield
    SOUTH AND WEST WALES SECTION NEWSLETTER December 2020 Dear Member Our next meeting of the 2020-1 season will be screened at 17.15 next Monday when Tim Kendell will discuss Tram Train which in the context of Cardiff Valley Line developments should be a local topic of interest to members. Tim is Chairman of the Croydon section and a Fellow of the PWI. By way of introduction Tim joined BR as a Civil Engineer and then the SRA and later the Department for Transport where he became involved in Light Rail and Tram- train developments. Tram-train is currently operational between Sheffield and Rotherham using stock illustrated below showing a tram-train at the Cathedral Tram stop in Sheffield. Tram-Train Tim Kendell DfT (Railway Group) retired 1715hrs Monday 14th December Internet via ‘Go to Meeting’ platform details below Please join the meeting from your computer, tablet or smartphone. https://global.gotomeeting.com/join/861048973 You can also dial in using your phone. (For supported devices, tap a one-touch number below to join instantly.) United Kingdom: +44 330 221 0088 - One-touch: tel:+443302210088,,861048973# (Please check with your phone provider to ensure this number is included in your minutes allowance. The PWI is unable to reimburse any call costs incurred). Access Code: 861-048-973 New to GoToMeeting? Get the app now and be ready when your first meeting starts: https://global.gotomeeting.com/install/861048973 Section News Update on October presentation. For those members who missed or wish to revisit the October meeting ‘Infrastructure Asset Transfer for South Wales Metro by Colin Brading the internet link is as follows https://youtu.be/FkPs_GMYTEo.
    [Show full text]
  • Tram Route 112 Extension Summary Report
    Tram Route 112 Extension Summary Report Prepared by: Business Improvement Branch City of Darebin October 2010 1 Introduction 3 Methodology 3 Demographics 4 Findings 9 Comments 24 Appendix 1 Survey Map 65 Appendix 2 Questionnaire 66 Contact Details This report was prepared by Business Improvement Branch at Darebin City Council For more information, please contact: Jim Barrett Senior Research and Project Officer Business Improvement Unit 274 Gower Street PRESTON VIC 3072 (03) 8470 8590 [email protected] Karin Linden Senior Research and Project Officer Business Improvement Unit 274 Gower Street PRESTON VIC 3072 (03) 8470 8492 [email protected] 2 Introduction Tram route 112 runs from St Kilda/Victoria Docklands, through the City, and terminates at the corner of Gilbert Road and Regent Street in West Preston. A desire for an extension of Tram Route 112 has been an issue for the community for many years. Darebin City Council has advocated on the issue for decades. A survey was undertaken to gauge community attitudes towards the extension of Tram Route 112 along Gilbert Rd and Edwardes St to Reservoir Station. The survey explored the frequency of intended travel, most important benefits of the project, willingness to replace car with tram travel and preferred form of public transport. This report summarises the findings from the survey. Methodology The survey was distributed to 8200 households using Council’s delivery system with prepaid return options. The sample was drawn from GIS and delivered within a 800m boundary around the proposed route (Map appendix 1). The questionnaire had information about the proposal, 8 questions and a demographic section (Survey questionnaire appendix 2) In total 1714 hard copy surveys were returned and a further 168 were completed on line.
    [Show full text]
  • Effective and Integrated Public Transport CITY of MELBOURNE - 2012 - TRANSPORT STRATEGY
    Effective and integrated public transport CITY OF MELBOURNE - 2012 - TRANSPORT STRATEGY 60 CITY OF MELBOURNE, - 2012 TRANSPORT STRATEGY 61 CITY OF MELBOURNE > TRANSPORT STRATEGY Effective and integrated public transport Overview need to enable better east west Goal travel through the sub-region. Public transport includes rail, Public transport will be tram, bus, taxi, car share and bike Priorities the most attractive way share and, for regional trips, air travel – all cases of the use of a Planning public transport for to travel around the shared vehicle. Government plays growth municipality and the a major role through ownership, Over the next 20 years the inner metropolitan operation, regulation and municipality and the inner region Melbourne region. An coordination of these services. will see continued significant State Government is largely growth in population and integrated system of responsible for running much of employment. The main growth rail, tram, bus, taxi, car the public transport system, but sector will be knowledge/services. local government, as the land use Constraints on public transport and bike share will regulator, and the manager of the availability may significantly impede meet customer’s needs pedestrian network, has a key role labour productivity. Melbourne’s and be fully integrating the system with land productivity growth has been use and the walking component falling in recent years, in part due coordinated with the of each public transport trip. to these constraints on its transport municipality’s The City of Melbourne has an system. This sector thrives on the pedestrian network. It additional role, as it is at the hub agglomeration effects of high of the public transport system.
    [Show full text]