Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 48/Wednesday, March 11, 2020
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Conservation Triage Or Injurious Neglect in Endangered Species Recovery
Conservation triage or injurious neglect in endangered species recovery Leah R. Gerbera,1 aCenter for Biodiversity Outcomes and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 Edited by James A. Estes, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, and approved February 11, 2016 (received for review December 23, 2015) Listing endangered and threatened species under the US Endan- the ESA is presumed to offer a defense against extinction and a gered Species Act is presumed to offer a defense against extinction solution to achieve the recovery of imperiled populations (1), but and a solution to achieve recovery of imperiled populations, but only if effective conservation action ensues after listing occurs. only if effective conservation action ensues after listing occurs. The The amount of government funding available for species amount of government funding available for species protection protection and recovery is one of the best predictors of successful and recovery is one of the best predictors of successful recovery; recovery (2–7); however, government spending is both in- however, government spending is both insufficient and highly sufficient and highly disproportionate among groups of species disproportionate among groups of species, and there is significant (8). Most species recovery plans include cost estimates—a pro- discrepancy between proposed and actualized budgets across spe- posed budget for meeting recovery goals. Previous work has cies. In light of an increasing list of imperiled species requiring demonstrated a significant discrepancy between proposed and evaluation and protection, an explicit approach to allocating recovery actualized budgets across species (9). Furthermore, the literature fundsisurgentlyneeded. Here I provide a formal decision-theoretic on formal decision theory and endangered species conservation approach focusing on return on investment as an objective and a suggests that the most efficient allocation of resources to con- transparent mechanism to achieve the desired recovery goals. -
A Preliminary Report of the Biology of the Genus Charpentiera (Amaranthaceae) I
Pacific Science (1973), Vol. 27, No.4, p. 399-405 Printed in Great Britain A Preliminary Report of the Biology of the Genus Charpentiera (Amaranthaceae) I S. H. SOHMER 2 ABSTRACT: The genus Charpentiera (Amaranthaceae), found in the Hawaiian and Austral archipelagoes, has a structurally gynodioecious but functionally dioecious breeding system. The sex ratio varies from taxon to taxon within the genus. The sex-determining mechanism is unknown. A high rate ofovule sterility is found in all the taxa, which i~ not predicted by the pollen sterility figures reported. Data concern ing seed size, pollen size, and seed germination potential are provided. Hybridization is demonstrated to occur between Charpentiera densiflora Sohmer and C. elliptica (Hilleb.) Heller. Reproductive isolation is reported for C. tomentosa var. tomentosa Sohmer and C. obovata Gaud. THE GENUS Charpentiera is indigenous to the often small and thinly scattered throughout the Hawaiian Islands. In 1934 it was also found mature ecosystems of the generic range. Popu on two of the Austral Islands approximately lations of several of the taxa, however, are 2,800 miles disjunct from Hawaii (Suessenguth sometimes numerous in certain areas such as 1936). The members of the genus are trees the heads of deep gulches in some of the highly ranging from about 8 to 40 feet high and are dissected volcanic ranges of the islands. During of diverse habit, with pendant, compound the course of the revision, the reproductive panicles of minute, anemophilous flowers. The biology of Charpentiera was investigated. fruit is indehiscent and uniovulate. A recent systematic revision of Charpentiera (Sohmer 1972) has recognized six major taxa in the SEX RATIO AND TENDENCY TO DIOECISM genus. -
Urera Kaalae
Plants Opuhe Urera kaalae SPECIES STATUS: Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species J.K.Obata©Smithsonian Inst., 2005 IUCN Red List Ranking – Critically Endangered (CR D) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism – O‘ahu Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Urera kaalae, a long‐lived perennial member of the nettle family (Urticaceae), is a small tree or shrub 3 to 7 m (10 to 23 ft) tall. This species can be distinguished from the other Hawaiian species of the genus by its heart‐shaped leaves. DISTRIBUTION: Found in the central to southern parts of the Wai‘anae Mountains on O‘ahu. ABUNDANCE: The nine remaining subpopulations comprise approximately 40 plants. LOCATION AND CONDITION OF KEY HABITAT: Urera kaalae typically grows on slopes and in gulches in diverse mesic forest at elevations of 439 to 1,074 m (1,440 to 3,523 ft). The last 12 known occurrences are found on both state and privately owned land. Associated native species include Alyxia oliviformis, Antidesma platyphyllum, Asplenium kaulfusii, Athyrium sp., Canavalia sp., Charpentiera sp., Chamaesyce sp., Claoxylon sandwicense, Diospyros hillebrandii, Doryopteris sp., Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis acuminata, Hibiscus sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, Pipturus albidus, Pleomele sp., Pouteria sandwicensis, Psychotria sp., Senna gaudichaudii (kolomona), Streblus pendulinus, Urera glabra, and Xylosma hawaiiense. THREATS: Habitat degradation by feral pigs; Competition from alien plant species; Stochastic extinction; Reduced reproductive vigor due to the small number of remaining individuals. CONSERVATION ACTIONS: The goals of conservation actions are not only to protect current populations, but also to establish new populations to reduce the risk of extinction. -
Fall 2019 Newsletter
Non-Profi t Org. U.S. Postage PAID Honolulu, Hawai‘i Permit No. 1467 2856 O‘ahu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96822 Return Service Requested Uhiuhi is an endangered endemic Hawai‘i species. The very dense wood is traditionally used for hōlua (sleds), ‘ō‘ō, and house poles. Native Plant Specialist, Anthony Ortiz became part of the MHC ‘Ohana in 2005 and has been volunteering and working in the garden at least once a week since then. He completed docent training in 2007. “Mānoa Heritage Center has always been a place that has given me an indescribable, powerful feeling, and the plants absolutely love it here.” The signifi cant changes to the garden over the years, he says “have been seeing the generations of plants throughout their life cycle. Many of the plants in the garden are keiki from mother plants that are no longer with us. The large halapepe and the Munroidendron (now Polyscias racemosa) near Kūka‘ō‘ō are grown from seed collected from 15-20 year old mother trees no longer here.” Of all the native plants in the garden, Anthony is particularly fond of the generations of Munroidendron, halapepe, and alahe'e he has watched fl ourish as keiki from the original mother plants. “Munroidendron is especially signifi cant, because its historical Hawaiian name and use have been lost. The information behind each of the plants (historical, Anthony and his family, Moani cultural, ecological, biological) can disappear just as easily without educating ourselves and Seraphina (and Kua the dog). and others.” Visit us at www.manoaheritagecenter.org 2856 O‘ahu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96822 (808) 988-1287 [email protected] FALL 2019 NEWSLETTER Dry Stack Wall Ma Ka Hana Ka ‘Ike Workshop with Billy Fields Ua ho‘ono niho ‘ia. -
Orchids: 2017 Global Ex Situ Collections Assessment
Orchids: 2017 Global Ex situ Collections Assessment Botanic gardens collectively maintain one-third of Earth's plant diversity. Through their conservation, education, horticulture, and research activities, botanic gardens inspire millions of people each year about the importance of plants. Ophrys apifera (Bernard DuPon) Angraecum conchoglossum With one in five species facing extinction due to threats such (Scott Zona) as habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species, botanic garden ex situ collections serve a central purpose in preventing the loss of species and essential genetic diversity. To support the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, botanic gardens create integrated conservation programs that utilize diverse partners and innovative techniques. As genetically diverse collections are developed, our collective global safety net against plant extinction is strengthened. Country-level distribution of orchids around the world (map data courtesy of Michael Harrington via ArcGIS) Left to right: Renanthera monachica (Dalton Holland Baptista ), Platanthera ciliaris (Wikimedia Commons Jhapeman) , Anacamptis boryi (Hans Stieglitz) and Paphiopedilum exul (Wikimedia Commons Orchi ). Orchids The diversity, stunning flowers, seductiveness, size, and ability to hybridize are all traits which make orchids extremely valuable Orchids (Orchidaceae) make up one of the largest plant families to collectors, florists, and horticulturists around the world. on Earth, comprising over 25,000 species and around 8% of all Over-collection of wild plants is a major cause of species flowering plants (Koopowitz, 2001). Orchids naturally occur on decline in the wild. Orchids are also very sensitive to nearly all continents and ecosystems on Earth, with high environmental changes, and increasing habitat loss and diversity found in tropical and subtropical regions. -
Pacific Islands Area
Habitat Planting for Pollinators Pacific Islands Area November 2014 The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation www.xerces.org Acknowledgements This document is the result of collaboration with state and federal agencies and educational institutions. The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude for the technical assistance and time spent suggesting, advising, reviewing, and editing. In particular, we would like to thank the staff at the Hoolehua Plant Materials Center on the Hawaiian Island of Molokai, NRCS staff in Hawaii and American Samoa, and researchers and extension personnel at American Samoa Community College Land Grant (especially Mark Schmaedick). Authors Written by Jolie Goldenetz-Dollar (American Samoa Community College), Brianna Borders, Eric Lee- Mäder, and Mace Vaughan (The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation), and Gregory Koob, Kawika Duvauchelle, and Glenn Sakamoto (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service). Editing and layout Ashley Minnerath (The Xerces Society). Updated November 2014 by Sara Morris, Emily Krafft, and Anne Stine (The Xerces Society). Photographs We thank the photographers who generously allowed use of their images. Copyright of all photographs remains with the photographers. Cover main: Jolie Goldenetz-Dollar, American Samoa Community College. Cover bottom left: John Kaia, Lahaina Photography. Cover bottom right: Gregory Koob, Hawaii Natural Resources Conservation Service. Funding This technical note was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and produced jointly by the NRCS and The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Additional support was provided by the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (USDA). Please contact Tony Ingersoll ([email protected]) for more information about this publication. -
A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U. -
List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants
V\.{). 3 v BOTANICAL BULLETIN NO.2 JUNE. 1913 TERRITORY OF HAWAII BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants BY JOSEPH F. ROCK Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry HONOLULU: HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD. 1913 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAWAIIAN NAMES OF PLANTS. The following list of Hawaiian plant-names has been compiled from various sources. Hillebrand in his valuable Flora of the Hawaiian Islands has given many Hawaiian names, especially of the more common species; these are incorporated in this list with a few corrections. Nearly all Hawaiian plant-names found in this list and not in Hillebrand's Flora were secured from Mr. Francis Gay of the Island of Kauai, an old resident in this Terri tory and well acquainted with its plants from a layman's stand point. It was the writer's privilege to camp with Mr. Gay in the mountains of Kauai collecting botanical material; for almost every species he could give the native name, which he had se cured in the early days from old and reliable natives. Mr. Gay had made spatter prints of many of the native plants in a large record book with their names and uses, as well as their symbolic meaning when occurring in mele (songs) or olioli (chants), at tached to them. For all this information the writer is indebted mainly to Mr. Francis Gay and also to Mr. Augustus F. Knudsen of the same Island. The writer also secured Hawaiian names from old na tives and Kahunas (priests) in the various islands of the group. -
An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) John J
Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences 9-13-2018 An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) John J. Pipoly III Broward County Parks & Recreation Division; Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Jon M. Ricketson Missouri Botanical Garden Find out more information about Nova Southeastern University and the Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons NSUWorks Citation John J. Pipoly III and Jon M. Ricketson. 2018. An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) .Novon , (3) : 287 -287. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles/942. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) John J. Pipoly III Broward County Parks & Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, Florida 33309, U.S.A.; Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Dr., Dania Beach, Florida 33004, U.S.A. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Jon M. Ricketson Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Rapanea pellucidostriata Gilg & Schellenb. TYPE: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ruwen- is transferred to Myrsine L. -
Invasive Aphids Attack Native Hawaiian Plants
Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-006-9045-1 INVASION NOTE Invasive aphids attack native Hawaiian plants Russell H. Messing Æ Michelle N. Tremblay Æ Edward B. Mondor Æ Robert G. Foottit Æ Keith S. Pike Received: 17 July 2006 / Accepted: 25 July 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Invasive species have had devastating plants. To date, aphids have been observed impacts on the fauna and flora of the Hawaiian feeding and reproducing on 64 native Hawaiian Islands. While the negative effects of some inva- plants (16 indigenous species and 48 endemic sive species are obvious, other species are less species) in 32 families. As the majority of these visible, though no less important. Aphids (Ho- plants are endangered, invasive aphids may have moptera: Aphididae) are not native to Hawai’i profound impacts on the island flora. To help but have thoroughly invaded the Island chain, protect unique island ecosystems, we propose that largely as a result of anthropogenic influences. As border vigilance be enhanced to prevent the aphids cause both direct plant feeding damage incursion of new aphids, and that biological con- and transmit numerous pathogenic viruses, it is trol efforts be renewed to mitigate the impact of important to document aphid distributions and existing species. ranges throughout the archipelago. On the basis of an extensive survey of aphid diversity on the Keywords Aphid Æ Aphididae Æ Hawai’i Æ five largest Hawaiian Islands (Hawai’i, Kaua’i, Indigenous plants Æ Invasive species Æ Endemic O’ahu, Maui, and Moloka’i), we provide the first plants Æ Hawaiian Islands Æ Virus evidence that invasive aphids feed not just on agricultural crops, but also on native Hawaiian Introduction R. -
National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt. -
United States of America
anran Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT COUNTRY REPORTS NITED TATES OF MERICA U S A FRA2005/040 Rome, 2005 FRA 2005 – Country Report 040 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up- to-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005), which is the most comprehensive assessment to date. More than 800 people have been involved, including 172 national correspondents and their colleagues, an Advisory Group, international experts, FAO staff, consultants and volunteers. Information has been collated from 229 countries and territories for three points in time: 1990, 2000 and 2005. The reporting framework for FRA 2005 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes more than 40 variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources.