DOCSLIB.ORG

The Life of Admiral Mahan, Naval Philosopher, Rear-Admiral

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Life of Admiral Mahan, Naval Philosopher, Rear-Admiral » * ,/ ^ ^ '1' .^^.v-V o THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL MAHAN NAVAL PHILOSOPHER Rear-Admiral United Htates Navv; D.C.L. Oxford; LL.D. Cambridge; LL.D. Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Magill and Dartmouth; President of THE United States Naval War College ; President of the American Historical Association ; etc., etc. BY CHARLES CARLISLE TAYLOR LATE BRITISH VICE-CONSUL AT NEW YORK WITH ILLUSTRATIONS NEW YORK GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 1920 TO AMERICA THE LAND OF BOUNDLESS OPPORTUNITY THIS WORK IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED " I will, therefore, in conclusion only say to any of you who may not yet have read Captain Mahan's books, read them ; to those who have read them, read them again ; read them a third time ; for in them you will find the best exposition of the blun- ders and the glories of our forefathers, the best explanation of the influence of Sea Power." Professor J. K. Latjghton. INTRODUCTION This work is the overflow of an English Iieart full of admiration for an American who by force of character overcame well-nigh insuperable obstacles and, as the result of years of strenuous work and skilful applica- tion of his superb mental powers, earned for himself in the eyes of the world the highest distinction yet accorded a naval philosopher. My primary motive in undertaking so serious a respon- sibility is threefold. I am eager to perpetuate the memory of a great American ; and in so doing to bring one step nearer together the people of his country and of mine ; and at the same time repay, even if in limited measure, the debt of gratitude I owe to America for priceless opportunities in days gone by. Le temps passe, Vamitii reste. I also must pass on, but I should like this work to carry a message of lasting friendship to the earnest and hospitable people of the great Republic of the West. Haply, moreover, a word here or there may, like a good deed in a naughty world, shine through impending gloom and carry a message of hope or comfort, of encouragement, inspiration, or good cheer to some soul distraught. As a shameless optimist in the throes of his first literary effort, the author craves the indul- gence of his readers. Without the friendly co-operation of the Admiral's family, who placed unreservedly at my disposal all the correspondence and other available material in their ' viii INTRODUCTION possession, this review of the life of Alfred Thayer Mahan could not have been written. I have striven to make it " a faithful portrait of a soul in its adventures through life," resisting the while a very natural temptation to mix the colours with an over-abundance of rose-water. As research and analysis gradually revealed the true character of the man, the task became a labour of love. Rarely perhaps have been found such commanding gifts of intellect allied with so genuine a modesty. Mahan has been described as "the greatest writer America has yet produced." What is greatness ? Webster says that he is great who is " extraordinary in genius or accomplishments." Of the vast number who aspire to literary fame, few, alas ! become known outside the limits of the^little circle in which they move. Seldom does an echo of their earnest voices reach 'the ears of the listening world. Mahan' s masterpieces not only won instant recognition in the navies and among the statesmen of all lands, but have for years successfully withstood the matured judgment of the most eminent authorities in the intellectual hierarchy of the twentieth century. In truth a supreme test of " extraordinary accomplishment.' In contradistinction to the lives of many famous literary men—such, for instance, as Longfellow or Sir Walter Scott—Mahan' s career does not lend itself to voluminous biographical treatment. Owing to his exceptionally reserved and retiring nature he did not seek the personal acquaintance of the interesting and distinguished personalities of his day, nor did he cor- respond, except to a very limited extent, with leaders of thought or makers of history either at home or abroad. Among his papers are but few letters suitable for pub- lication, other than those which have been herein reproduced or referred to. Apart from his writings and lectures and a few religious addresses and news- INTRODUCTION ix paper interviews, he made no public pronouncements of significance. For so notable a man his circle of associates was remarkably small, even among naval officers, and the number of his intimate friends was even more limited. With the exception of Admiral Sir Bouverie Clark there seems to have been no one to whom he freely disclosed his views on matters of public moment, and even in his correspondence with him Mahan seldom departed from chatty discussion of current political events and references to family affairs and his own state of health. Few words of serious self-revelation seem to have escaped him. On account of his innate and intense dislike of pub- licity, the incidents of his daily life were not such as to furnish material for graphic description ; neither did he disclose himself in memorable utterances to friend or foe. So far as can be ascertained, he kept no diary after the age of twenty-eight, and apparently did not to any appreciable extent read current literature or comment upon it publicly. Such characteristics do not make for that kind of personal popularity which is apt to invite the confidences of men of note and bring about occurrences worthy of record. Except for a brief period in England, his association with men and women of distinction was extremely limited ; and even there the intercourse was entirely unsought and seem- ingly was dropped after his return to America. Mahan won the respect of all who knew him well. The religious side of his nature was the most pro- nounced, and towards the latter part of his life may be said to have been an open book from which all might read ; but even in this regard he was habitually reti- cent. Apart from this religious aspect, the chief interest of Mahan' s life for the great mass of humanity centres round his three great masterpieces, in which he reveals the historic secrets of naval power—a revelation which the dramatic incidents of the world-wide conflict, now ; X INTRODUCTION happily brought to a victorious close, stamp as one of the most momentous in the annals of warfare. I gladly avail myself of this welcome opportunity to express my sincere and grateful thanks to Mrs. Mahan and the members of her family for their invaluable and sympathetic assistance, as well as to the Hon. Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy ; the Hon. William Redfield, late Secretary of Commerce ; the Hon. Franklin Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy ; Dr. Edwin Wiley, Librarian of the Naval War College, Newport ; Admiral Sims ; the late Mr. Theodore Roosevelt ; Admiral Bradley Fiske ; Dr. F. G. Brath- waite ; Admiral Count Togo ; Miss Mahan ; Admiral EarlBeatty; Mrs. Vernon-Mann; the Right Hon. Arthur Balfour ; Mr. Clive Bayley ; Admiral Sir Bouverie Clark ; Admiral Oman ; Commodore Parker ; Senator Lodge ; Mr. J. Herbert Johnston and Mr. George G. Hall, executors of Mr. Loyall Farragut ; Mr. Samuel Ashe ; Admiral Eberle ; Commander Ravenscroft Mr. Charles Stewart Davison ; the Editor of the Daily Mail ; Lieutenant Lemuel Hillman ; Mr. James Barnes ; Admiral Goodrich ; Mr. William Alexander ; Mr. Robert Bridges ; the members of the House and Library Committees of the University Club, New York ; the ladies who have deciphered and transcribed my manu- scripts ; and all others who have so kindly helped me and contributed towards the successful launching of the ship " Life of Admiral Mahan." Given that Marcus Aurelius rightly claims that a man is worth just so much as the things are worth about which he busies himself^ then indeed is Alfred Thayer Mahan worth, not only to his own country but to the world at large, more than readily lies within the compass of mere words to convey. Charles Carlisle Taylor. London, May 1920. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction vii CHAPTER I. Heredity and Environment 1 i/II. Early Naval Career 7 '/hi. The Inspiration . 21 ^^IV. Naval War College 28 • V. Sea Power . 40 VI. Farragut 53 VII. England 57 VIII- The Life of Nelson 78 IX. Naval War Board. 88 X. The First Hague Conference 94 XI. The Chesney Gold Medal. 102 XII. Other Public Services 107 XIII. Later Publications 112 XIV. The Margin of Naval Strength 130 xii CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE •^ XV. " Freedom of the Seas " 144 XVI. Then and Now 161 XVII. Peace Views . 172 XVIII. Two Admirals . 178 XIX. As Statesman . 190 XX. As Prophet 208 XXI. Anglo-American Relations 215 '- XXII. Mahan's Message to his Countrymen 228 XXIII. Literary Traits 245 XXIV. Religious Convictions 257 XXV. The Autumn of Life 272 XXVI. The Peaceful End . 284 XXVII. Summary . 296 Appendix .... 308 Bibliography .... Chronology .... 342 Index ..... 345 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Alfred Thayer Mahan Frontispiece FACING PAGE Alfred Thayer Mahan, Age 17 . 2 Mahan Hall, Naval Academy, Annapolis . 8 " " United States Frigate Congress . 14 Admiral Stephen B. Luce, U.S.N. 28 United States Naval War College, Newport Rhode Island ..... 36 Admiral Farragut's Letter to his Wife . 54 " " United States Cruiser Chicago . 70 The Naval Board of Strategy, 1898 . 88 American Delegates to the Hague Conference 1899 96 Theodore Roosevelt ..... 110 Ex-Kaiser's Telegram to Mr. Poultney Bigelow 130 " U.S.S. " Pennsylvania " and U.S.S. " Chicago 164 Rear-Admiral William Sowden Sims, U.S.N. 170 Vice-Admiral Sir Bouverie Clark, K.C.B. 182 Map of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico 192 Mahan's First Letter, Age 7 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Four Mysterious Citizens of the United States That Served on The
    Four Mysterious Citizens of the United States that Served On the International Olympic Com-mittee During the Period 1900-1917 Four Mysterious Citizens of the United States that Served On the International Olympic Com-mittee During the Period 1900-1917, Harvard University, William Milligan Sloane, Paris, Theodore Stanton, United States, America, American Olympic Committee, Olympic Games, Rutgers University, Pierre de Coubertin, International Olympic Committee, Karl Lennartz, Mr. Hyde, IOC member, Evert Jansen Wendell, Theodore Roosevelt, IOC members, Allison Vincent Armour, Olympic Research, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, New York, Messieurs Stanton, Caspar Whitney, Cornell University, William Howard Taft, Evert Jansen, John Updike, North American, The International Olympic Committee One Hundred Years, See Wolf Lyberg, French Foreign Legion, See Barbara Tuchman, Barrett Wendell, father Jacob, Allison V. Armour, George Armour, President Coubertin, American University Union, American Red Cross, Coubertin, Phillips Brooks, A. V. Armour, New York City, Harvard, See Roosevelt, Swedish Olympic Organizing Committee, E. J. Wendell, List of IOC members, Doctor Sloane, John A. Lucas, the United States, Professor W. M. Sloane, Pennsylvania State University, Modern Olympic Games, Henry Brewster Stanton, James Hazen Hyde, Theodore Weld Stanton, Evert Jansen Wendell John A. Lucas, Professor Emeritus William M. Sloane, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, New York Herald, Professor Sloane, James Haren Hyde, Stanton, Keith Jones, RUDL, Allison
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL the Publication of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
    LOYAL LEGION HISTORICAL JOURNAL The Publication of The Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States VOL. 65, No. 4 WINTER 2008 The First National Memorial Memorial Commission] to build a memorial. GAR Memorial at The National Lincoln Monument to Abraham Lincoln Association was incorporated under Gettysburg By Bruce B. Butgereit, Commander, Michigan By Karl F. Schaeffer, Commander-in-Chief Commandery Illinois law in May 1865, whose plans ultimately led to the dedication of the osemary and I arrived in Gettysburg traveled from Michigan to Gettysburg Lincoln National Monument in Springfi eld, mid-morning for the 52nd Annual since childhood, using the Ohio and Illinois on October 15, 1874.2 However, R I Remembrance Day Observance. It took Pennsylvania toll roads exclusively. This hopes that the monument would become place at 11:00 a.m. on Saturday, November year, I took U.S. Route 30 from Fort a national mecca were not realized. 22 at the Grand Army of the Republic Wayne, Indiana to Gettysburg to attend Countless memorials and monuments Memorial at Ziegler’s Grove, Gettysburg the 2008 national MOLLUS Congress. My have been erected to the martyr-president National Military Park (GNMP). The normal eleven-hour trip became a three- since these early efforts. These include what program began with the presentation of day connection with the road once referred many consider the best portrayal in the statue the colors by the Gettysburg Blues and the to as “Main Street Across America” or by Augustus St. Gaudens’ at Lincoln Park National Anthem by the 28th Pennsylvania “The Longest Place in America” – the Old in Chicago (1887), the Lincoln Memorial in Regimental Band.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B.
    [Show full text]
  • Ul^4Wuvv^^,V4"O IMMPU(L KVK4^ ^Wowhmjunyy "Tv K/Ktfv» Ivw
    SNAKE ROCK FARM ihwH • V duA-1 cjLUL> (Uvvt C^M SANDV HOOK, CONNECTICUT an^ O^vvmv w ' Lt (hmU^, &rwU, IMWV v^jvt . I L UVV^. or». £ frvU/cA/ ¥\vl ktw Ur^-t vw fwlfiv^vl 5-t CHv/wt, * ,0 ' > a-n tv tvw A^ rte U , Jrv V\\k (Lo (\vMa4J \AA C\\lkjt*\A - ^ wt|« *vw uaa. urta^ <• A»A-Oa< k&t/M/* fVvv CuVv I'M/I UvvXtvj ^ ^ uUy- ^ tAT-A* tr ^ ^|4*vv\ ^ V.frmpiO . ' t ;„;y —"-fir||r- t|vw Kvv,^uOl vA^t^W^WOU, pvvi«>tw44, wTtiu^k k *^v\ f^t/\\-*) \X\^ , &0* WW vwi *Hvv) ► h( V'tt^vvw (I VV ui tv^vvv CvUwUA^ K (ku tlw^ AtaJ U^^VJKcwi "^^VVVVV UA \* *tc|v\MX Ivvuv. r CWvvm^ 0*AL- W c^liv tvA^U ailik J C>)J "Uwc< ^ Ul^4wUvv^^,v4"o IMMPU(L KVK4^ ^wOwhMJUnyy "tv K/Ktfv» IvW. 1vO-^v K'uAt'^^ ctlA 4-tf^vw cv>|Ci Vw^ <H/I \A/v\\ ^\Ko C/Vwtv^ VO/v4j O^tAvv* (LvviVvv^ '\h, UrviH- |vvwl k%4<yviM isL ttki f'ivt » IT^ 0(vv tO */*t Ur^uv "K-Vu, iLv ^uvwtA^CviIAw ^lltuyv >u*» ^VVuhMv 4^ [AAA^vi^j lt^ Lvvw l^ivt *H/U\Auuv, Pw»uk (V^ivVvwfX\ ^K'lJ u Itvvaav t-v (U-viuX ivt "M llw t^vwv^4 CV^v H l (w UWv Mlv 'iiXc1 ^ v Vl (vuA- , tuvA. ^ fVv\MA tiAw Vvvi.. ^ |4 nXtwcU ^•u/ik, (VI kvdul "(LirvO IVumA. WX cvl^/ ftUkJL tvi.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Abercorn Papers Adobe
    INTRODUCTION ABERCORN PAPERS November 2007 Abercorn Papers (D623) Table of Contents Summary ......................................................................................................................2 Family history................................................................................................................3 Title deeds and leases..................................................................................................5 Irish estate papers ........................................................................................................8 Irish estate and related correspondence.....................................................................11 Scottish papers (other than title deeds) ......................................................................14 English estate papers (other than title deeds).............................................................17 Miscellaneous, mainly seventeenth-century, family papers ........................................19 Correspondence and papers of the 6th Earl of Abercorn............................................20 Correspondence and papers of the Hon. Charles Hamilton........................................21 Papers and correspondence of Capt. the Hon. John Hamilton, R.N., his widow and their son, John James, the future 1st Marquess of Abercorn....................22 Political correspondence of the 1st Marquess of Abercorn.........................................23 Political and personal correspondence of the 1st Duke of Abercorn...........................26
    [Show full text]
  • Inauguration of John Grier Hibben
    INAUGURATION O F J O H N G R I E R H I B B E N PRESIDENT OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY AT RDAY MAY S U , THE ELEVENTH MCMXII INAUGURATION O F J O H N G R I E R H I B B E N PRESIDENT OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY SATUR AY MAY THE ELE ENTH D , V MCMXII PROGRAMME AN D ORDER OF ACADEMI C PROCESSION INAUGURAL EXERCISES at eleven o ’ clock March from Athalia Mendelssohn Veni Creator Spiritus Palestrina SC RI PTUR E AN D P RAYE R HENRY. VAN DYKE Murray Professor of English Literature ADM I N I STRATI ON O F T H E OATH O F OFF I CE MAHLON PITNEY Associat e Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States D ELIVE RY O F T H E CHARTE R AN D KEYS JOHN AIKMAN STEWART e E " - n S nior Trustee, President pro tempore of Pri ceton University I NAUGURAL ADD RE SS JOHN GRIER HIBBEN President of Princeton University CONFE RR ING O F HONORARY D EGREES O Il EDWARD D OUGLASS W H I T E T h e Chief Justice of the United States WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT President of the United States T H E O N E HUND REDTH P SALM Sung in unison by choir and assembly standing Accompaniment of trumpets BENED I CT I ON EDWIN STEVENS LINES Bishop of Newark Postlude Svendsen (The audience ls re"uested to stand while the academic "rocession ls enterlng and "assing out) ALUMNI LUNCHEON T h e Gymnasium ’ at "uarter before one O clock ’ M .
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record-· Senate
    2188 CONGRESSIONA. L RECORD- SENATE . FEBRUARY 19, SENATE. H. R. 1062. An acf granting an increase of pension to Cha1:les C. WeaTer; WEDNESDAY, February 19, 1908. H. R. 1063. An act granting an increase of pension to Nich­ Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. EDWARD E . HALE. olas S. Chrisman ; The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's H. R. 1215. An act granting an increase of pension to Phebe proceedings, when, on request of Mr. GALLINGER, and by unani­ A. Bar·tea u.x ; mous consent, the further reading was dispensed with. H. R. 1484. An act granting an increase of penaion to Marshall The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Journal stands approved. W. Rogers; H . R. 1496. An act granting an increase of pension to Elbert READING OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS. M . Watts; The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair announces the appoint­ H . R. 1508. An act granting an increase of pension to William ment of the junior Senator from North Dakota [Mr. McCuM­ 1\I. Jordan; BER] to read Washington's Farewell Address on the 22d instant, H. R. loGO. An act granting an increase of pension to Nelson pursuant to the order of the Senate of January 24, 1901. Wolfley; TRADE CONDITIONS IN ECUADOR. H. R. 1673. An act granting an increase of pension to George The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ Athey; tion from the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, transmitting H . R. 19Dl. An act granting an increase of pension to Jerry pursuant to law, the report of Special Agent Charles M.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Admiralty War Staff and Its Influence on the Conduct of The
    ‘The Admiralty War Staff and its influence on the conduct of the naval between 1914 and 1918.’ Nicholas Duncan Black University College University of London. Ph.D. Thesis. 2005. UMI Number: U592637 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592637 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CONTENTS Page Abstract 4 Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Introduction 9 Chapter 1. 23 The Admiralty War Staff, 1912-1918. An analysis of the personnel. Chapter 2. 55 The establishment of the War Staff, and its work before the outbreak of war in August 1914. Chapter 3. 78 The Churchill-Battenberg Regime, August-October 1914. Chapter 4. 103 The Churchill-Fisher Regime, October 1914 - May 1915. Chapter 5. 130 The Balfour-Jackson Regime, May 1915 - November 1916. Figure 5.1: Range of battle outcomes based on differing uses of the 5BS and 3BCS 156 Chapter 6: 167 The Jellicoe Era, November 1916 - December 1917. Chapter 7. 206 The Geddes-Wemyss Regime, December 1917 - November 1918 Conclusion 226 Appendices 236 Appendix A.
    [Show full text]
  • Members of Parliament Disqualified Since 1900 This Document Provides Information About Members of Parliament Who Have Been Disqu
    Members of Parliament Disqualified since 1900 This document provides information about Members of Parliament who have been disqualified since 1900. It is impossible to provide an entirely exhaustive list, as in many cases, the disqualification of a Member is not directly recorded in the Journal. For example, in the case of Members being appointed 5 to an office of profit under the Crown, it has only recently become practice to record the appointment of a Member to such an office in the Journal. Prior to this, disqualification can only be inferred from the writ moved for the resulting by-election. It is possible that in some circumstances, an election could have occurred before the writ was moved, in which case there would be no record from which to infer the disqualification, however this is likely to have been a rare occurrence. This list is based on 10 the writs issued following disqualification and the reason given, such as appointments to an office of profit under the Crown; appointments to judicial office; election court rulings and expulsion. Appointment of a Member to an office of profit under the Crown in the Chiltern Hundreds or the Manor of Northstead is a device used to allow Members to resign their seats, as it is not possible to simply resign as a Member of Parliament, once elected. This is by far the most common means of 15 disqualification. There are a number of Members disqualified in the early part of the twentieth century for taking up Ministerial Office. Until the passage of the Re-Election of Ministers Act 1919, Members appointed to Ministerial Offices were disqualified and had to seek re-election.
    [Show full text]
  • Theodore Roosevelt and the United States Battleship Maine
    Theodore Roosevelt and the United States Battleship Maine Kenneth C. Wenzer The USB Maine exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898.1 Interest in this ship has endured for over 100 years and has, at times, provoked controversy. Apparently, some people still believe that a mine, surreptitiously planted by Spanish authorities, Cuban rebels, or other saboteurs, caused the initial detonation.2 A literary cottage industry of publications advocating different theories have muddied the waters, most notably Remembering the Maine published in 1995 and an article by National Geographic three years later.3 Under the auspices of Adm. Hyman G. Rickover, a team of seasoned researchers in the mid-1970s Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore proved in How the Battleship Maine Roosevelt, 1897–1898 Kenneth C. Wenzer is a historian who is affiliated with the Naval History and Heritage Command (Spanish-American War and World War I Documentary History Projects), Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC. The opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Navy or any other agency of the U.S. government. 1 The Maine was an armored cruiser and a second-class battleship. A gun from the Maine (now undergoing restoration) at the Washington Navy Yard has an inscribed plaque on the turret: “6 INCH- 30 CALIBER GUN FROM U.S. BATTLESHIP “MAINE” SUNK IN HAVANA HARBOR FEBRUARY 15, 1898.” Additionally, the “U.S.S.” prefix designation did not become official until 1907 by order of President Theodore Roosevelt.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY I. PRIMARY SOURCES A. Unpublished 1. Government Archives British National Archives, Kew ADM 1 Admiralty: Correspondence and Papers ADM 116 Admiralty Record Offi ce: Cases ADM 167 Board of Admiralty: Minutes and Memoranda ADM 231 Admiralty: Foreign Intelligence Committee and Naval Intelligence Department: Naval Intelligence Reports CAB 37 Cabinet Offi ce: Photographic Copies of Cabinet Papers CAB 41 Cabinet Offi ce: Photographic Copies of Cabinet Letters in the Royal Archives HO 73 Home Offi ce: Various Commissions: Reports and Correspondence United States National Archives, Washington D.C. RG 19 Records of the Bureau of Construction and Repair RG 38 Records of the Bureau of Personnel (formerly the Bureau of Navigation) RG 45 Records of the Offi ce of the Secretary of the Navy RG 233 Records of the House of Representatives 2. Private Correspondence and Papers British National Maritime Museum, Greenwich Bridge, Cyprian Arthur George Fisher, John Arbuthnot Hornby, Geoffrey Thomas Phipps Laughton, John Knox Milne, Alexander © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 299 R. Mullins, J. Beeler, The Transformation of British and American Naval Policy in the Pre-Dreadnought Era, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32037-3 300 BIBLIOGRAPHY Library of Congress, Naval Historical Foundation Collection Luce, Stephen Bleecker Mahan, Alfred Thayer Porter, David Dixon Sicard, Montgomery Walker, John Grimes Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division Collection Aldrich, Nelson Chandler, William Eaton Tracy, Benjamin Franklin Whitney, William Collins B. Published Aston, George. Memories of a Marine: An Amphibiography . London: John Murray, 1919. _________. Secret Service . London: Faber and Faber, 1930. Belknap, Charles. “The Naval Policy of the United States,” US Naval Institute Proceedings [hereafter USNIP ], vol.
    [Show full text]
  • AHA Colloquium
    Cover.indd 1 13/10/20 12:51 AM Thank you to our generous sponsors: Platinum Gold Bronze Cover2.indd 1 19/10/20 9:42 PM 2021 Annual Meeting Program Program Editorial Staff Debbie Ann Doyle, Editor and Meetings Manager With assistance from Victor Medina Del Toro, Liz Townsend, and Laura Ansley Program Book 2021_FM.indd 1 26/10/20 8:59 PM 400 A Street SE Washington, DC 20003-3889 202-544-2422 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.historians.org Perspectives: historians.org/perspectives Facebook: facebook.com/AHAhistorians Twitter: @AHAHistorians 2020 Elected Officers President: Mary Lindemann, University of Miami Past President: John R. McNeill, Georgetown University President-elect: Jacqueline Jones, University of Texas at Austin Vice President, Professional Division: Rita Chin, University of Michigan (2023) Vice President, Research Division: Sophia Rosenfeld, University of Pennsylvania (2021) Vice President, Teaching Division: Laura McEnaney, Whittier College (2022) 2020 Elected Councilors Research Division: Melissa Bokovoy, University of New Mexico (2021) Christopher R. Boyer, Northern Arizona University (2022) Sara Georgini, Massachusetts Historical Society (2023) Teaching Division: Craig Perrier, Fairfax County Public Schools Mary Lindemann (2021) Professor of History Alexandra Hui, Mississippi State University (2022) University of Miami Shannon Bontrager, Georgia Highlands College (2023) President of the American Historical Association Professional Division: Mary Elliott, Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture (2021) Nerina Rustomji, St. John’s University (2022) Reginald K. Ellis, Florida A&M University (2023) At Large: Sarah Mellors, Missouri State University (2021) 2020 Appointed Officers Executive Director: James Grossman AHR Editor: Alex Lichtenstein, Indiana University, Bloomington Treasurer: William F.
    [Show full text]