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Un Imbroglio Territorial En Montérégie Au Temps Du Bas-Canada: La Seigneurie De La Salle

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Un Imbroglio Territorial En Montérégie Au Temps Du Bas-Canada: La Seigneurie De La Salle UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL UN IMBROGLIO TERRITORIAL EN MONTÉRÉGIE AU TEMPS DU BAS-CANADA: LA SEIGNEURIE DE LA SALLE MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN HISTOIRE PAR HÉLÈNE TRUDEAU OCTOBRE 2007 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.ü1-2ü06). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire.» AVANT-PROPOS Des voyageurs ont rapporté d'Angleterre un recueil contenant la reproduction de 169 pages manuscrites et portant les mentions «Transcripts of Colonial Office Records» et «From Public Record Office, London.». Par son contenu plus riche, ce document intitulé «Papers relating to Sherrington & Seigneurie La Salle - 1821» diffère des copies détenues par les Archives nationales du Canada dans la série MG. Il est parvenu en Montérégie par l'intermédiaire des propriétaires-occupants de l'historique auberge de la famille Douglass, sise à Douglass Corner dans Saint­ Cyprien-de-Napierville, Sylviane Soulaine et Pierre Couture. Nous avons ce dossier dit Colonial entre nos mains grâce à son dépositaire actuel, Yves Bellefleur, président de la Fondation Royal-Roussillon pour la protection du patrimoine, récemment devenue la Société d'histoire et du patrimoine de Lignery. Cette nouvelle appellation vise à mieux désigner le territoire de la Société, formé de parties des anciennes seigneuries de La Prairie de la Magdeleine, de Sault-Saint­ Louis, ainsi que de La Salle, leur voisine que nous étudions de plus près. Ce territoire a pour coeur le Saint-Constant historique et il englobe entre autres municipalités, Saint-Édouard, Saint-Rémi, Saint-Mathieu, Saint-Cyprien-de-Napier­ ville et Sherrington. Nous soulignons dans notre mémoire comment le dossier Colonial a contribué à nous faire prendre conscience de l'imbroglio La Salle­ Sherrington et à nous inciter à en démêler les enchevêtrements. Nos premiers remerciements vont donc à Yves Bellefleur, ainsi qu'à Sylviane Soulaine et à Pierre Couture, par l'entremise desquels ce mémoire est advenu. Nous nous félicitons d'avoir eu accès au riche savoir et à la vaste expérience de notre directeur de mémoire, le Professeur Jean-Claude Robert. Pour s'être employé avec ardeur et patiente sollicitude tant à élargir la perspective qu'à débusquer le détail pointu au cours de notre travail, notre vive reconnaissance lui est assurée. Nous voulons adresser des remerciements particuliers à notre informaticien préféré, Pierre Reeves. Notre fils Pierre nous a généreusement permis de bénéficier de sa grande compétence sans jamais compter son temps. Enfin, nos mercis affectueux vont à nos proches, à tous nos amis, amies et consoeurs, qui nous ont apporté chaleur et appui tout au long des années écoulées, notamment à M. Yvon Trudeau, un homme de mémoire. Candiac, le 24 juin 2007 TABLE DES MATIÈRES AVANT-PROPOS ii LISTE DES CARTES............................ vii LISTE DES FIGURES..................................................................................... viii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ix LISTE DES ABRÉViATIONS.......................................................................... x RÉSUMÉ xi Carte 5 (hors-texte) xii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPITRE 1 LES PRÉMISSES D'UN SINGULIER IMBROGLIO 6 1.1 Historiographie..... 6 1.1.1 Contexte politique - facteurs structurels......................................... 6 1.1.2 Facteurs conjoncturels 12 1.1.3 Affectation du territoire ,...................... 16 1.1.4 Point aveugle dans le récit historique de La Salle.......................... 20 1.2 Un problème de découpage en milieu hybride......................................... 23 1.2.1 Homogénéité et hétérogénéité territoriales 25 1.2.2 Règlement sur les lignes latérales des seigneuries 26 1.2.3 Recherche de comparables dans le bassin de seigneuries 30 1.2.3.1 Six critères relatifs à la ligne de profondeur des seigneuries comme fondements possibles de la décision touchant La Salle 31 1.2.4 Le problème: superposition d'entités cadastrales différentes 33 1.2.5 Hypothèse 36 1.3 Méthodologie............. 36 IV CHAPITRE Il LE TRIANGLE SUD-OUEST ET LA SEIGNEURIE DE LA SALLE 38 2.1 L'environnement de la seigneurie de La Salle.............. 38 2.2 Présence relativement brève des seigneurs de La Salle.. 43 2.3 Le peuplement 47 2.3.1 Le réseau hydrographique et les rangs 52 2.3.2 Le pouvoir structurant des routes 58 2.4 La distribution des terres.......... 61 2.4.1 Cantons et chefs de canton 62 2.4.2 Les spéculateurs.... 63 2.5 Le comité des terres 64 2.6 Étude des intentionnalités......................................................................... 66 Conclusion... 70 CHAPITRE III LES RECOURS JUDICIAIRES ET LES RÉSULTATS 71 3.1 Le procès en bornage............................................................................... 71 3.1.1 Les arguments POUR et CONTRE la ligne de profondeur droite 72 3.1.2 Réfutations et contre-réfutations............. 78 3.2 Le jugement de 1807 en Cour d'appel...... 81 3.2.1 Le pouvoir politique au Bas-Canada en 1807 .. 82 3.2.2 Bilan des procédures 85 3.3 Les suites du jugement en Cour d'appel........................................................ 86 3.3.1 Avortement de l'appel au Conseil privé suite au jugement de 1807 .... 89 3.3.2 Création du canton de Sherrington 90 3.4 La seigneurie de La Salle et le canton de Sherrington......................... 94 3.4.1 Observation des chevauchements au moyen de trois cartes ..... 94 3.4.2 Effets du découpage judiciaire pour les censitaires de La Salle 100 3.4.3 Effets du découpage judiciaire pour la seigneurie de La Salle 102 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 103 v CHAPITRE IV EN QUËTE D'UN DÉNOUEMENT ÉQUILIBRÉ 104 4.1 La situation politique 1815-1824 104 4.2 La relève de la garde après la guerre 106 4.3 Les censitaires de La Salle....................................................................... 109 4.3.1 Le dossier Rex c Sanguinet à compter de 1815............................. 109 4.3.2 Recours des censitaires de La Salle 110 4.3.3 Seconde requête des censitaires de La Salle à la Chambre 113 4.3.4 Le projet de loi en suspension des actions en justice 115 4.4 La commission Debartzch - De Léry - Têtu 117 4.4.1 Le rapport unanime des commissaires sur les faits 118 4.4.2 Évolutivité spatiale et quantitative 120 4.4.3 Fondements en droit des recommandations de la commission Debartzch - De Léry - Têtu et appui de l'avocat général Vanfelson 124 4.4.4 Avis de Lord Bathurst, secrétaire d'État aux Colonie 127 4.5 La solution 128 Conclusion 132 CONCLUSION 133 ANNEXE A Affectation du territoire. 137 ANNEXE B Recherche de comparables dans le bassin de seigneuries 147 ANNEXE C Liste des pièces constituant le dossier dit Colonial 158 ANNEXE D Rapport des commissaires nommés pour enquêter sur les différends entre les concessionnaires du canton de Sherrington et les censitaires de la seigneurie de La Salle 161 VI ANNEXE E Rapport de deux des commissaires nommés pour enquêter sur les différends entre les concessionnaires du canton de Sherrington et les censitaires de la seigneurie de La Salle....................................................................................... 166 BIBLIOGRAPHIE............ 170 LISTE DES CARTES ET PLANS 1 Sketch of Several Townships that are in part Bounded by French Grants... 24 2 Historic Caughnawaga 1667-1890 29 3 Plan de la seigneurie de La Salle montrant ses vraies bornes et celles que fvfS Watson & Ki/borns auraient prétendu lui assigner en profondeur 34 3a Plan de la seigneurie de La Salle... ­ détail 95 4 Connected plan ofthe several Townships situated to the Southward of the River S. Lawrence 35 5 A New Map of the Province of Lower Canada, describing ail the Seigneuries, Townships, Grants of Land, &c. Compi/ed from Plans deposited in the Patent Office Quebec... xii 5a A New Map of the Province of Lower Canada... détail, triangle sud-ouest 39 6 Carte du sud de Montréal circa 1960 56 7 Plan of that part of the Frontier of Lower Canada which is Situate between Montreal & Lake Champlain 60 8 Plan of the Out Lines of a Tract of the Waste Lands of the Crown Iying in the Province of Lower Canada situated between the Rivers S Lawrence and Richelieu 91 LISTE DES FIGURES 1 Lots laniérés dans. le Haut-Richelieu 18 2 Concessions dans la zone litigieuse de La Salle, 1765-1819 51 3 Ligne de profondeur de La Salle selon l'arpenteur Charland, 1802 76 4 Ligne de profondeur de La Salle selon le jugement de la Cour d'appel, 1807 84 5 Le canton de Sherrington partagé entre
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