Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Development Study by LDN Architects

LDN Architects

May 2008

LDN Architects | edinburgh 0131 556 8631 | forres 01309 673221 | [email protected] | www.ldn.co.uk CONTENTS

Executive Summary

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 A Central Library 1.2 Background to this study 1.3 Summary of Conservation Plan 1.4 Purpose of this study 1.5 Methodology 1.6 Limitations

2.0 DEFINING THE NEED 2.1 Edinburgh’s Library Service 2.2 Impediments to service provision at Central Library 2.3 The role of Central Libraries at the start of the 21 Century 2.4 Recent trends in the design of library buildings 2.5 The influence of information technology 2.6 Departmental collections at Edinburgh Central Library 2.7 Building Size 2.8 Vision Statement

3.0 SETTING OBJECTIVES 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Policies 3.3 The Objectives

4.0 THE OPTIONS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Central Location 4.3 Do the minimum 4.4 Relocation of part or whole of library 4.5 Extend Library to the West

5.0 APPRAISAL 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Philosophy of Decision Analysis 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Selection of Participants 5.5 Workshop Day 1 5.6 Recess 5.7 Operational Criteria for Analysis 5.8 Workshop Day 2

6.0 CONCLUSIONS 6.1 Review of Analysis 6.2 Areas for further study 6.3 Implementation

CENTRAL LIBRARY APPENDICES A Existing areas B Required areas C Spatial diagrams D Review of Old Town Morphology and current developments E Discussion on site to the west of Central Library F Literary Heritage G Report from meeting with Planning H Reports from CEC stakeholders (Services for Communities) I Sub-services Plan J 5 year maintenance plan K Schedule of works L Estimated Costs

CENTRAL LIBRARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary Libraries empower people. Free and open access to knowledge and information underpins our democratic way of life. Central libraries offer this to the greatest possible number of people in the cities they serve. Edinburgh Central Library is a much loved, widely used asset in the heart of the City. Students, families, tourists, researchers and readers of all ages seek out its books and its rooms. They have free access to its diverse collections and can usually find some where within its impressive walls that matches their mood, whether quietly contemplative or information hungry. The Central Library continues to provide the kind of service, envisaged by Andrew Carnegie when making his original bequest, that led to the creation of Edinburgh’s first free public library in 1890. This ‘most potent agency’, has almost half a million visitors per year, and its collections draw people from across the globe. However, decades of low investment have resulted in a Central Library that is a jaded, tired incarnation of what was once at the forefront of library design. Central Library from George IV Bridge This study identifies what should be done to create a Central Library that is worthy of Scotland’s capital. It builds on the findings of the Conservation Plan for the Central Library, prepared in 2002, which described how the fine George Washington Browne building has been compromised by decades of piecemeal alteration, how this is limiting proper access to the Library’s unique and popular collections, and how the Library has become ‘inefficient, inaccessible to many and confusing to use’. This new study defines where problems with the Central Library building mitigate against the delivery of an excellent central library service. It examines what has been achieved in other cities in recent years, and defines what facilities Edinburgh’s central library should have, if, in the future, it is going to properly address the needs and expectations of the communities it serves. The study translates these requirements into a number of possible re-development options for the Central Library. The re-development options identified in the study cover the full spectrum of possibilities, ranging from the best use of the existing Library buildings, to the relocation of the whole Library in a new purpose built facility. An estimate of cost for each of these options has also been produced. The study concludes by identifying the relative advantages and disadvantages of each of the re-development options and, following a rigorous, formal appraisal process, arrives at a clear recommendation for re-development as follows:

CENTRAL LIBRARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Preferred Development Option Develop the vacant site to the west of the existing Library to create a new, purpose made facility and link this to the re-developed existing building. Dispose of the existing library annexes (Option 2d). Of all the re-development options, Option 2d above scored most highly in relation to the objectives defined in this study. The appraisal process which led to the selection of this option is described in section 5.0 of this report. It shows how various criteria were considered, which included the following: • Good geographical accessibility • Opportunities for commercial partnerships • Contribution to City centre diversity • Positive heritage outcome • Flexibility of building in use • Collections combined in one location The study also shows that Option 1a is worthy of further consideration.

Alternative Development Option Develop separate lending library in another city centre location by re-using an existing building. Retain the Edinburgh Collections at the existing library and dispose of the library annexes (Option 1a). This Option scored well in comparison to other Options, but less well than Option 2d. The initial cost of Option 1a is lower than the preferred option but it would only become possible if an opportunity arises to acquire a suitable building in a city centre location.

CENTRAL LIBRARY CONTRIBUTORS

This Strategic Options Development Study was prepared for City of Edin- burgh Council by with assistance from , both of LDN Architects LLP.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Throughout the preparation of this Study a number of people have contrib- uted time and expertise including , Mark Turley, Angela Leitch, and various members of staff of Central Library.

Images from the Libraries collections have been reproduced to illustrate the collections of Central Libraries with their permission.

CENTRAL LIBRARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 A CENTRAL LIBRARY 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THIS STUDY 1.3 SUMMARY OF CONSERVATION PLAN 1.4 PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY 1.5 METHODOLOGY 1.6 LIMITATIONS

INTRODUCTION A CENTRAL LIBRARY

1.1 A CENTRAL LIBRARY Central libraries are the heart of city based library services. As defined in UNESCO / IFLA guidelines: “The primary purposes of the public library are to provide resources and services in a variety of media to meet the needs of individuals and groups for education, information, personal development including recreation and leisure. They have an important role in the development and maintenance of a democratic society by giving the individual access to a wide and varied range of knowledge, ideas and opinions”. Such high level ambition recognises that libraries are multi-faceted institutions. Their role in education supports formal and informal learning as a lifelong process which includes the promotion of literacy and the acquisition of new proficiencies such as computer skills. As repositories of organised information, libraries provide access to history and heritage and act as gateways to the Internet. Their role in recreation and leisure provides access to knowledge and works of imagination, as well as promoting life skills relating to health, literacy and jobs. In culture and the arts, libraries provide a focus for cultural development and support cultural identity. Uniquely Central Library from George IV Bridge though, unlike other public or commercial facilities, libraries are neutral, safe places which cross boundaries between learning and leisure. As places for informal contact with others, libraries provide an important function which contributes to social inclusion. Central libraries, as distinct from branch libraries, usually comprise a series of specialist libraries, with a range of central services which, together, fulfil the following roles: “ • to act as the command headquarters and library service flagship. • to provide resources in depth. • to act as a local branch or community library, offering a popular library service for all age groups. • to reinforce district and branch collections. • to serve those living outside the bounds of a city and beyond. • to act as a channel for accessing information held locally and elsewhere. • to act as a special or academic library for some users, such as students, specialists or citizen scholars. • to house the research collections. • to house the principal non-book material and non-print collections, such as maps, sheet music, sound and moving image recordings. • to organise and offer cultural events. “

INTRODUCTION A CENTRAL LIBRARY

Much has been written about the relative merits of combining all these services within one building as compared to dispersing particular functions closest to those who would most frequently use them. Arguments in favour of either approach can be made at both a philosophical and practical level, but in all cases are tempered by local circumstances. That is to say that there is no universally accepted ideal model for a central library. The most appropriate model for any city will be dependent on its particular population distribution, urban morphology and transport infrastructure. Edinburgh’s Central Library has continuously provided the full range of services described above since its formation. Its location, in the centre of the Old Town, has ensured its continuing usefulness to wide ranges of population groups including local residents, students, out of town visitors, academ- ics, school pupils, researchers and tourists. The building has proved to be inherently capable of adaptation, to the extent that the changing emphasis on individual services and changes in working practices have been accommodated by numerous modifications to the building. However, this long process of change and adaptation has reached a point where it is no longer possible to embark on further piecemeal change without undermining the clarity of purpose and coherence, inherent in the building, which makes the delivery of a contemporary central library service possible.

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THIS STUDY

1.2 BACKGROUND TO THIS STUDY This Strategic Options Development Study builds on the findings of two earlier studies prepared by LDN for the City of Edinburgh Council. The Con- servation Plan, prepared in 2002, examined the strengths and weaknesses of the building which has housed the Central Library since 1890. Entitled ‘Privilege or Purgatory’, it highlighted the degree to which the extraordinary George Washington Browne building has been compromised by decades of piecemeal alterations. In November 2002, CEC asked LDN to prepare an Options Appraisal for Development of the buildings on George IV Bridge. This further study, prepared in November 2002, sought to establish how much new or existing public space would have to be brought into use to allow the Central Library to provide a service comparable to those found in other major cities in the UK and abroad.

Image from options appraisal

INTRODUCTION SUMMARY OF CONSERVATION PLAN

1.3 SUMMARY OF CONSERVATION PLAN The passage noted below is the Executive Summary from the Conservation Plan. “Edinburgh Central Library, a Free Library completed in 1890, is the best example of a Carnegie Library in Scotland. It is an outstanding work by Sir George Washington Browne, one of the leading architects working in Scot- land in the late 19th century, which combines clarity of specialised planning with architectural excellence. Located close to the heart of the Edinburgh World Heritage Site and sited in close proximity to the other great libraries in Scotland including the Na- tional Library of Scotland, the Advocates, Signet and Old College Libraries, it forms an important element of Edinburgh’s townscape and for the past century has been recognised as a much used and much loved Edinburgh Institution. The original building has been altered, adapted and extended throughout its history in response to changing needs and the growth and expansion of its collections. Today, the library spreads throughout its neighbouring buildings on both sides. These buildings are of some architectural merit in their Perspective by George Washington Browne own right but were never designed to be library buildings, a use which has been shoe-horned into them. The complex is now labyrinthine, inefficient, inaccessible to many, and confusing to use but the underlying simplicity of Browne’s original vision is still extant: the Francoise I exterior of the library is virtually unchanged and almost all of Browne’s major interior spaces remain largely intact. The domed Reference Reading Room is the finest of its type in Scotland and is an elegant, inspiring place in which to work. The circumstances surrounding the original commissioning of the Library, including the Libraries Acts, the munificence of Andrew Carnegie, the architectural competition, and the career of George Washington Browne and the context in which he was working, all provide notable insights into the social history and cultural values of the period.

The library contains unique and valuable collections, tracing the history and development of the Capital, which are of national importance although the conditions in which they are stored, displayed, and accessed are not now of an acceptable matching standard. Mechanical and electrical installations within the building are basic and many have reached, or are reaching, the end of their useful life.

The Central Library is currently listed Category B as a building of architectural and historical importance by Historic Scotland but, on the evidence of this study, is of national importance and deserves to be upgraded to Category A.

INTRODUCTION SUMMARY OF CONSERVATION PLAN

The Study finds that the principal Conservation Policy must be: to ensure the long-term future of the George Washington Browne building by developing competent uses that allow the quality of its design to be revealed again and the building to continue providing a valuable public service as originally intended”. A number of possible development options are considered including relocating all services provided to a new site. The Study concludes that the existing Washington Browne building is capable of being sensitively developed along with additional new accommodation on the vacant site to the west of the existing building to meet the future needs of users in the 21st century.

INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY

1.4 PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY

In May 2006, LDN Architects were asked by the City of Edinburgh Council to prepare a Strategic Options Development Study for Central Library. The purpose of the study is to identify options for the development of an appropriate central library service for Edinburgh, and determine which of those options most closely matches a set of defined objectives. The outcome of this study should therefore present the City of Edinburgh Council with a recommended preferred option for development together with approximate costings in order to inform forward planning.

INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY

1.5 METHODOLOGY

This study has followed the format of the Green Book published by the H M Treasury which describes a process for the objective assessment of options. The options for development have been identified as a result of the findings of the Conservation Plan of 2002 and as a result of consultation with stake holders within the City of Edinburgh Council. A set of detailed development objectives have also been formulated through discussion with senior library service staff. These objectives are a combination of high level philosophical ambitions and practical considerations. They create an intellectual framework within which strengths and weaknesses of development options can be judged.

The appraisal methodology is described in detail in Section 5 of this report. It details the process and outcome of workshop sessions attended by a group of consultants and individuals from within City of Edinburgh Coun- cil. The workshops were organised in accordance with a decision analysis methodology that facilitates the structured discussion, review and scoring of options to arrive at a consensual recommendation.

INTRODUCTION LIMITATIONS

1.6 LIMITATIONS

This study does not include further analysis such as a business case for the library which may be useful in assessment of the most appropriate development.

INTRODUCTION 2.0 Defining the need 2.1 Edinburgh’s library service 2.2 IMPEDIMENTS TO SERVICE PROVISION AT CENTRAL LIBRARY 2.3 THE ROLE OF central LIBRARIES AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY 2.4 RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS 2.5 THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2.6 DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY 2.7 BUILDING SIZE 2.8 VISIOn sTaTEMEnT FOr Edinburgh cEnTRAL LIBRARY

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1 EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1.1 Formation of the Central Library Given Edinburgh’s prominence as a centre of learning during the 18th century, it is perhaps surprising to learn that it was one of the last Scottish cities to adopt the Public libraries act. Edinburgh did have numerous private libraries and subscription libraries, but these were not available to the majority of people. Many of them, such as the Advocates’ Library established in 1689, were for the medical, legal and business professions. The Town council twice rejected attempts to establish a public lending library in 1868 and 1831 and it was not until Andrew Carnegie’s bequest of £50,000 in 1886, that the Act was adopted which in turn led to the building of the Central Library.

2.1.2 The Library Network Since Central Library opened in 1890, the public library service in Edinburgh has expanded throughout the 20th century - both in the number of libraries and the range of services on offer. Today it comprises a network of 25 community libraries and 5 mobile libraries. The community library network is backed by a range of city wide services focusing on the needs of specific groups including children and young people, minority ethnic communities, hospital patients, prisoners and disabled people. recent initiatives have included the expansion of library link services to people who are housebound, living in nursing homes or sheltered accommodation together with the launch of a children’s bookbus. Within this framework, Central Library and the community library network have complementary roles.

2.1.3 Community libraries Edinburgh’s community libraries provide a local service to local people. In relation to DCMS standards, 91.75% of households are within one mile of the nearest static library. All community libraries offer: • Materials for lending, study and reference in multi-media format. • Enquiry, reservation and inter library loan services. • Children and young people’s services including Bookstart. • On-line services and information. • Free internet access. • User education and lifelong learning advice and support. • Reader development services. • Study space. Many libraries also offer materials in community languages and bookable community room space.

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1.4 Central Library The services and facilities of Central Library are of a different order and scale to any of the community libraries. The range and depth of its rich historic collections is its principal strength. It functions as an integral part of the community libraries network, by providing an essential back-up of resources and staff expertise as well as operating in itself as the community library for the Old Town.

2.1.5 A gateway to the library network For Edinburgh residents, the local library acts as a gateway to the wider library resources available locally, nationally and internationally. They both use and are referred to central library for more in-depth lending and information resources than those available locally. There are numerous examples of how this works in practice: (pursuing interests in Gaelic culture and genealogical studies in the Scottish library; researching the history of local Edinburgh villages through using primary sources from the Edinburgh Room; borrowing orchestral and vocal scores from the Music Library; using the extensive collection of careers and educational information in the Reference Library; reserving a first novel or a classic fiction title from Central Lending which is then delivered by van to a local library; disseminating information about resources available at Central Library at school careers evenings etc, etc) The online catalogue which people can access through their library membership at home provides the backbone of the integrated network. Having checked out where stock items are held, the city centre location of Central Library makes it physically convenient for people across the city to visit. (See Bonnar Keenlyside data for statistics about patterns of library use). For out of town, regional and international visitors, Central Library is the public library that they will visit first - again because of its location and the expectation that it will have the widest range of stock and house the service’s most important collections. The strength of its collection, universal access policies and physical proximity to other major libraries including the NLS, Edinburgh College of Art, and Edinburgh university place central library at the centre of the city’s knowledge society in ensuring that people have seamless access to library and information resources. The subject expertise and knowledge management skills of staff facilitate a complementary approach to building and maintaining collections with partner libraries. In preparing the libraries strategy during 2001-2002, the consultants Bonnar Keenlyside surveyed 2047 people, using all types of libraries in the city. Of all respondents, 60% had used Central Library in the past 12 months. There was a high level of use of the department, particularly Reference and Fiction. among students, 60% had used central library in the past 12 months and were most likely to use the reference library. 50% of the respondents completing their survey at Edinburgh College of Art (base 52)

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

had used the Fine Art department. Overall, departments at Central Library achieved the highest levels of use in the city, followed by Morningside Library, the National Library of Scotland, Newington Community Library and Edinburgh University’s Main Library. When asked what they used libraries for, the results indicated that the use of community libraries was traditional with the main use being borrowing books for recreation. The Consultants concluded that respondents used the central library to get information, demonstrating that it provides an important source of reference and community information; is also an important resource for people undertaking study and serves the recreation needs of 60% of users. Through elisa, (edinburgh libraries and & information services agency) the role that central library staff play in answering enquiries and referring people to other knowledge institutions is set to expand with the launch of the Edinburgh libraries Passport (in March 2007) which will provide passport holders with reference access to the 20 library and information services participating in the scheme. At regional and national level, Central Library staff participate in national collaborative library and information networks, fostering excellence within particular subject areas e.g. scottish visual arts group, and Music and Audio resources scotland. in these arenas, Edinburgh central library is perceived as having a major role in offering access to information and being an exemplar to other subject services. Central Library is also a major hub for Inter Library Loan (ILL) services – both in ensuring that Edinburgh’s stock selection policies in specific subject areas are attuned to the needs of local users, (i.e. not placing too many demands on the service) and in meeting ILL requests from other library services in the UK. Statistically, Central Library lends much more than it borrows which reflects the wide range of stock available through Edinburgh’s public library network. Central Library’s role as a gateway to and supplier of information services at national and international level is growing with the forthcoming launch of the virtual Enquire service. Underpinned by the resources of the Reference Library and the other subject departments, staff will be answering real time enquiries from people across the UK during surgery hours. Using the Library website, local people will also have direct, real time access to Central Library information services during Library opening hours.

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1.6 The National Library of Scotland (NLS) and its relationship to Edinburgh Central Library The national library of scotland (NLS) has a different role to Edinburgh Central Library. NLS was established by Act of Parliament in 1925 and is a legal deposit library with the right to receive free of charge a copy of every book published in the united Kingdom and ireland (Legal deposit Libraries Act 2003 and Copyright Act 1911). The former Act provides the foundation for the introduction of rights to non-print publications as these become important. NLS is a non-departmental public body funded directly by the Scottish Executive. NLS is a reference library (with a small lending collection) where most of National Library of Scotland the stock is held in storage and books are retrieved by library staff for the readers. ECL is a main public lending library in Edinburgh where readers can browse the shelves and take materials home. NLS is based in Edinburgh but has a national remit and a position as a cultural resource for the whole of scotland. The size and scope of nls collections puts them among the largest and most significant in the world and attracts an international user base. While ECL is a regional facility, it has a primary responsibility to serve people within the local authority boundary. The ECL reference and cultural heritage collections are tailored to meet local information needs and interests. There are some subject areas where the collections held by both libraries are similar and ECL and NLS are working in partnership to explore what scope there might be for collaboration in the future.

2.1.7 Relationship to Council’s Museums and Arts Service Central Library also has a distinct role within the network in its relationship to the City’s Museums and Arts service. With a shared history in creating Edinburgh’s culture, the arts, heritage and literature collections of Central Library fit with and support audience development in and through the City’s other city centre cultural assets. These include the music, theatre, visual arts, literature and cultural heritage audiences visiting the Usher Hall, the Kings Theatre, city art centre, Museum of Edinburgh, and the Writer’s Museum. Exploring a holistic approach to the future development of these cultural assets and their audiences will form part of a Council Review of the Museums and Arts Service during 2007. National Museum of Scotland

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1.8 Relationship to Council’s Archive Service Central Library has had a long association with the City’s Archive Service with residents and visitors using both collections for research purposes. Collaboration to date has centred on ensuring stock acquisition and collection holdings are complementary and referral strategies are in place. The two services are currently exploring opportunities to strengthen and develop partnership working. These include opportunities for the joint promotion and marketing of family and local history resources, through events and joint web pages; developing virtual access to primary and secondary resources held in the city’s collections; investigating shared services for the preservation and conservation of material; and exploring the use of volunteers. They also include working together to develop best practice and policies in preservation and handling standards, customer care, acquisitions, as well as disaster planning and management. The re-development of central library project can also offer new opportunities to improve public access to the City Archives, through, for example, including an Archives Information Point or archival searchroom in Central Library, staffed by Archivists.

2.1.9 Relationship to Cultural Policy and Partners The close fit between how the collections of Central Library have evolved and Edinburgh’s evolution as a world cultural destination and city of festivals is also of note. The information, leisure and learning resources of Central Library; its wide audience base and its partnership activities support the strategies which comprise the City’s Cultural Policy. With lifelong learning as the cornerstone of the Cultural Policy, the information resources of the Fine Art and Music Library support the development of the Visual Arts and Music strategies while the Library’s literature collection and associated reading development activities are essential to the success of the Literature Strategy. The enactment of the Culture Bill and the development of cultural entitlements (including the commitment to explore developing a writers’ centre in plan to re-develop Central Library and promote Scottish publishing) will offer a new set of opportunities to position Central Library services at the heart of the City’s cultural offer. The location of Central Library, in a landmark building just off the Royal Mile, creates a distinctive “showcase” relationship with other cultural partners in marketing and promoting Edinburgh city centre to visitors. For example, Central Library will be participating in plans to create a themed literary trail involving cultural centres in the Old Town (e.g. the Museum of Childhood, Scottish Book Trust, the Storytelling Centre, Scottish Poetry Library and the Writers Museum). It will also be the lead public library in Edinburgh in plans to celebrate 500 Years of Printing in Scotland during 2008, in an initiative led by NLS. A partnership project with Edinburgh World Heritage will make unique images of the Old and New Town World Heritage Sites held by the Edinburgh Room, available on the Internet to people worldwide, including the Scottish diaspora.

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1.10 Central Library as a community library As a community library, Central Library offers a range of leisure and learning services to local people, similar to those available across the network. Central library staff participate in local community learning plans and engage in lifelong learning and cultural programmes aimed at local children and adults. They also handle Council and government transactions such as National Travel Entitlement Cards. However, because of its location, the way people use Central as a community library again differs from the pattern within the rest of the network. People working, studying in and visiting the city centre visit Central in addition to their local library – e.g. to borrow books and read newspapers at lunchtime; to exchange bulk loans of picturebooks for daytime use in city centre nurseries, to catch up on e-mails or do homework before going home. The appeal of this service mix (community library & knowledge resource) is a key reason why Central Library has the largest public library visitor footfall in the city. As people need to return items they have borrowed the lending services generate repeat visits. The large footfall, in turn, generates more activity. It makes Central Library the primary library location that agencies such as the Open University and BBC use for “signing up” campaigns and ICT taster sessions. as the re-vitalisation of the city centre continues, the potential to expand this role as a thriving community hub will also increase.

2.1.11 Central Library as a Library Headquarters. For many years, central library acted as the headquarters of Edinburgh City libraries, housing all the main departments concerned with the general and day-to-day running of the service. From the 1990s onwards, this position changed with the decentralisation of a number of functions. The headquarters for Access Services (mobiles; services to people in prison and hospitals; sheltered housing vehicle services etc) is based at Oxgangs Library. The Ethnic Library Service has its headquarters at McDonald Road Library. The Library Services Manager and members of the Management Team operate from the new Council HQ at Waverley Court. With electronic communications, changes in stock supply systems, the cost of city centre sites and car parking restrictions, there is a case ( financial; environmental and ergonomic) to house administrative departments, including bibliographic services at other designed-for-purpose sites.

DEFINING THE NEED EDINBURGH’S LIBRARY SERVICE

2.1.12 Relationship with the library network in the future In anticipating how the public service functions of central library might evolve in the future, the clarity that exists about its strengths and contribution to city life suggest that there will be a high level of continuity with today’s position. Central Library will continue as a flagship within the public library network- operating as a centre of excellence and showcase for the city’s subject collections – Edinburgh & Scottish; the arts; fiction, literature and the vast range of subjects covered by general information services. It will continue to act as the first place that people go to - as a nexus for reading, information, enquiries and referrals to and from other services. The knowledge management expertise of staff will continue to guide the information strategy for the service with an enlarged focus on the management of electronic information and licences- working in a consortium approach with SLIC, elisa and cross sectoral partners. Its role as a back up resource will also continue - supporting staff in community libraries in answering enquiries and making unique collections available locally, with more emphasis on remote and virtual delivery channels. In contributing to Edinburgh’s international reputation as a world cultural capital, it will continue to be the landmark public library – the focal point for activity and the centre that has the primary relationship and synergies with cultural partners and is the showcase in attracting tourists - for its cultural heritage resources and its range of facilities as a visitor attraction. As a library used by 60% of all library users in Edinburgh (BK results) including for recreation purposes, it has the potential to expand its role as a community library hub with the largest footfall of any public library in the city. This will depend on ensuring that it has a good location and strengthening the appeal of its leisure, information and learning services mix.

DEFINING THE NEED IMPEDIMENTS TO SERVICE PROVISION AT CENTRAL LIBRARY

2.2 IMPEDIMENTS TO SERVICE PROVISION AT CENTRAL LIBRARY The existing arrangement of buildings which, together, comprise the Cen- tral Library is an un-planned amalgamation of separate structures. They have been progressively inhabited by the Central Library as pressure on existing spaces has grown over the last century. The Library’s core provision of lending and reference material remains in its original locations on the ground and first floors of the George Washington Browne (GWB) Building. Similarly, the Scottish Library, Edinburgh Room and lecture facilities remain in the historic centre, on the lower floors. The Bank Building immediately to the north, which is linked to the GWB library, contains the Fine Art Library on its topmost floor, with office and ancillary accommodation below. The Music Library and Children’s library are located in an entirely separate building to the south of the Cowgate. This ad-hoc expansion into buildings that were not originally designed for such uses has resulted in a number of severe constraints which compromise the delivery of the central library service, key aspects of which are:

2.2.1 Access The existing building is failing to accommodate a service that provides access to all. Many parts of the Library are inaccessible by wheelchair, including the Music department in the Annexe and the Fine Art Library in the Bank Building neither of which have lift access. Of the three lifts in the complex only one is for public use. It is nearing the end of its working life, is frequently out of order, is too small for use by wheelchair, and access into it, particularly at ground level, is difficult. Fire and rescue services have refused to take responsibility to evacuate people with special access needs from most parts of the Library which further limits access for people with limited mobility to library services. These limitations could be considered discriminatory under the Disability Discrimination Act. More generally, the ad-hoc spread of the Library into adjacent buildings is difficult to navigate. This hinders access to information even for the able bodied. Access is compromised by the current Library opening hours which makes it difficult for the Library to compete with other book sources such as bookshops that open during the evenings and weekends when the Library is Public Lift at entrance level is hidden behind main staircase often closed. Staffing budgets are necessarily finite. The level of staffing necessary to operate the building, with its inherent inefficiencies, means that within those budgets, it is not possible to expand opening hours beyond those currently offered. That is to say, that the current layout of the library mitigates against offering, the kind of access, to more popular parts of the building during evenings or weekends, which can be done at other libraries such as the new Norwich Central Library.

DEFINING THE NEED IMPEDIMENTS TO SERVICE PROVISION AT CENTRAL LIBRARY

2.2.2 Public space Only one third of the area currently used by the Library is open to the public. The lack of public space means that much of the book stock is in reserve or storage. This limits the browsing experience and makes it necessary to use the catalogues making access to material a slow and frustrating experience. Parts of the Library are heavily used. Often there are no spare seats within the reading rooms. The limitations on public space will deter some people from using the Library and make it difficult for the Library to fulfill its com- mitments to the people of Edinburgh. Such intensive use of the principal spaces underlines the fundamental problem faced by the Central Library in that it is simply not big enough for the population it serves. Of the 6,660M2 total floor area currently in use at the Central Library, 2,420M2 is public, front of house space. The detailed analysis of space requirements undertaken as part of this study indicates that the provision of public area should be increased to approximately 10,000M2 in order to accommodate an appropriate range and scale of services. For the purposes of comparison, it should be noted that Cardiff Central Library, completed 2 The Reference Library in 1996, has 8,872M . Dundee Central Library, refurbished in 1996, has 9,213M2.

2.2.3 Public Service The lack of public space has direct consequences for the scope of services that can be provided. The demand for study space and internet access terminals exceeds the existing provision and there are frequently queues for people waiting to use computers. The current layout of the Library buildings make it difficult to deliver a high level of service for the public. The layout of buildings leads to an inefficient pattern of staffing with duplication of activities. Librarians are spread over several buildings which limits face to face meeting and makes communication difficult. The severe restrictions imposed by the lack of adequate public space places severe restrictions on the ability of library staff to innovate and, in some respects, keep pace with best practice. For example, the traditional physical separation of lending and reference material creates a two tier library operation which mitigates against serendipitous learning. Modern libraries tend to mix lending and reference material on the same shelves in order to fully exploit the potential of the browsing experience for users. The limited area available at each level of the Central Library would not allow such an integrated contemporary approach. Similarly, the limited public space does not allow subject matter to be themed in a cross cutting manner, such as the Arts Centre at Dundee Library.

DEFINING THE NEED IMPEDIMENTS TO SERVICE PROVISION AT CENTRAL LIBRARY

Edinburgh’s Central Library already attracts around 500,000 visitors a year. This puts it in the top rank of the City’s most popular visitor attractions. With an enhanced public offer, and, as can be seen in modern comparator libraries, it has the potential to considerably increase that number.

2.2.4 Storage The growing collection is stretching the storage capacity towards saturation point. Much of the storage facilities are inappropriate for the storage of books. The lower floors of the annexe are not strong enough to carry a full load of books and are prone to flooding from the flats and restaurants above. The Stack has inadequate fire separation between floors and is a potential fire risk. The environment for the special collections does not have the required standards of humidity control. A modern library should aim to follow best archival practice for its collections in accordance with British Standards. BS5454 provides guidance on these matters at both the fundamental conceptual planning level and in terms of recommended detailed environmental criteria. At a fundamental level, the type of storage accommodation currently in use could not be altered so as to conform to the requirements of the British Standards.

2.2.5 Maintenance Investment The report prepared by City of Edinburgh Building Design Services in Sep- tember 2005, makes detailed recommendations about the level of appropriate investment required. The recommendations are based on a condition survey, of the groups of building which together comprise Central Library and a forward projection of planned maintenance over 20 years. The report highlighted that a budget of £200,000 had been allocated for essential repair and upgrading works. In addition to this figure, a further £60,000 allocation had been made for ‘Refurbishment of Historic Buildings’ and £20,000 for works addressing the requirements of the DDA. Works now completed or underway in relation to these budgets include: • Electrical inspection and remedial works. • Work to electrical distribution board. • Smoke detection / fire alarm system. • First phase re-wiring and heating. • External fabric repairs. • Weather proofing to main tower. • Planned work for fire protection. • DDA compliance works to main stair. The implementation of these works has provided opportunities to validate earlier survey work in detail which has, in turn, assisted the definition of necessary upgrading of public spaces and planned maintenance of building fabric. The report recommends the allocation of £5.6M (2005 cost base) to be expended over 20 years. Of this total, £1.93M is allocated to the first

DEFINING THE NEED IMPEDIMENTS TO SERVICE PROVISION AT CENTRAL LIBRARY

5 years and generally relates to high priority work identified on the condition surveys. This includes the upgrading and conservation of the building fabric and the upgrading or replacement of major mechanical and electrical services. These are works considered necessary to maintain the building in a safe condition, to prevent deterioration of the building envelope and to maintain interior spaces to a reasonable standard. The budgets to not anticipate any re-planning of the libraries or the introduction of any major new public facilities. Refer to Appendix J for a breakdown of the recommended 5 year investment plan.

2.2.6 Public profile of the Central Library The original civic grandeur of the George Washington Browne Library remains intact beneath a patina of unfortunate modifications, lighting solutions and colour schemes which reflect poorly on how we value such an important public service. The qualitative experience of the library is of a rather shabby, much loved, but somewhat neglected institution that does not compare favourably to Edinburgh’s re-invigorated and re-invented museums and art galleries. In comparison, the lack of large scale investment at the Central Library is palpable. It is perhaps not unreasonable to suggest that the visitor experience of the Central Library should compare to those of Edinburgh’s best public buildings. As the first city in the worldto be awarded UNESCO City of Literature status the Central Library should have a profile in the public mind which reflects and contributes towards Edinburgh’s international status.

DEFINING THE NEED ROLE OF CENTRAL LIBRARIES AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2.3 ROLE OF CENTRAL LIBRARIES AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY

The nature of libraries has evolved over the last century in response to changes in society and technology. Most would agree that the Ladies Reading Room, for example, belongs in the past. Contemporary libraries remain attuned to catering for social groups, as well as individuals, but the nature of those groups has changed over time and so provision is now aimed specifically at other sub-sets such as teenagers, children, those with limited mobility or impaired vision, students, and ethnic minorities. IFLA / UNESCO Guidelines categorise potential library users as: “ • people of all ages and at all stages of life. • individuals and groups of people with special needs. • institutions within the wider community. “ The guidelines acknowledge that it may not be possible to make provision for all library users to precisely the same level, and that service providers will need to make judgements based on an understanding of local priorities. In the UK, Government policy is not prescriptive and, like IFLA / UNESCO, recognises that service providers need a degree of latitude in determining for themselves, what type of provision will be suited to its particular locality. The UK Public Library Service Mission Statement of 1991 sets out the following definition of an appropriate service: “The public library is a major community facility whose purpose is to enable and encourage individuals or groups of individuals to gain unbiased access to books, information, knowledge and works of creative imagination which will: • encourage their active participation in cultural, democratic and economic activities. • enable them to participate in educational development through formal or informal programmes. • assist them to make positive use of leisure time. • promote reading and literacy as basic skills necessary for involvement in these activities. • encourage the use of information and an awareness of its values. The local community nature of the service requires special emphasis to be placed on the needs and aspirations of the local community, and on the provision of services to particular groups within it, while also providing access to wider resources through regional and national networks.” As distinct from local libraries, central libraries have the scale and capacity to be highly relevant to those at each end of the user spectrum. Their breadth is attractive to local communities and their depth of material is relevant to the researcher or international visitor. At this more specialist end of the spectrum users can expect and receive specialist assistance from highly qualified staff.

DEFINING THE NEED ROLE OF CENTRAL LIBRARIES AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY

The multi-valent role of libraries may be further considered as follows:

2.3.1 The central library for people

There has been a shift of emphasis from libraries as containers and protectors of books towards more ‘open’ libraries focused on people as customers. Modern libraries recognise that people will use libraries in different ways. Whereas the researcher or student will seek out quieter parts of a library for absorbing study, those with limited time may wish to avail themselves of a more retail like express service. In an age of relative affluence, libraries compete with bookshops and need to recognise that expectations of convenience, comfort, choice and variety are no longer necessarily satisfied by tired and uninspiring public places.

2.3.2 The central library as a place to learn Norfolk & Norwich The UK economy has evolved over the last 30 years increasingly away from manufacturing towards service and knowledge based industries. Libraries have an important role in promoting access to knowledge in a way that represents a shift from paternalistic education towards pro-active learning. In this respect, central libraries have the capacity to offer a cradle to grave service that is relevant to all ages. As such, libraries can promote and facilitate participation in the knowledge based economy. Libraries still offer valuable resources and space to study to those engaged in formal education but are increasingly offering programmes that promote literacy, foreign language classes, ICT skills and study skills as lifelong learning for those not in formal education.

2.3.3 The central library as a place to meet The library is a agora, a social place where people meet by appointment or by chance. Libraries cross boundaries between work and leisure and, in most cases, tend to generate a unique neutral, safe atmosphere. Social conventions are evolving and most libraries now adopt a more relaxed attitude to noise, eating and drinking. This can, of course, create conflicts and so in the best exemplars of contemporary library design, the individual can choose from a variety of types of space.

2.3.4 The central library as a record of collective memory Through the written word, the cause of events and evolution of ideas is committed to print for posterity. Libraries are custodians of this experience which they preserve for future generations to re-discover.

DEFINING THE NEED ROLE OF CENTRAL LIBRARIES AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2.3.5 The central library as a play for leisure and entertainment Libraries have always provided access to works of imagination. Recent trends in stock display recognise that large numbers of library users want easy access to popular fiction. Similarly, the type of recorded music and sheet music available in music libraries is no longer confined to what might be regarded as high minded material. This breadth of offer is opening up new and innovative ways for librarians to promote material to users and to support cultural events.

2.3.6 The central library as a community resource Libraries are a neutral environment outside the realm of politics, religion Seattle Central and class. That is not to say that they are value free, but that the values they represent are those of inclusivity, accessibility, personal development and mutual support. Libraries remain an important part of the local civic infrastructure offering information on and hosting events associated with local issues, societies and groups. Libraries have an important and challenging role to play in promoting social inclusion. For some, the library is a refuge. For the unemployed, homeless or simply isolated individual, libraries have always offered the most basic human need of warmth and contact with others. Various initiatives are under way in different parts of the UK enabling libraries to reach out to communities by staging music events or combining sports and library facilities in single centres. Community consultation can help libraries define how such initiatives can be tuned to the particular requirements of their location.

2.3.7 The central library as a centre of excellence Central libraries are the flagships of library service providers. They offer a breadth and depth of material often comprised of a number of specialist libraries which attract staff with particular areas of expertise. These areas of expertise are not typical to all central libraries, whose special collection are often centred around material particular to a given location or city character, as well as through personal or institutional bequests. This expertise is available to all library users.

2.3.8 The central library as access to devolved government Like many other European cities, Edinburgh is restructuring its local government to make council services more responsive to the needs of local communities. The creation of Local Community Planning Partnerships (Neighbourhood Partnerships) offers the opportunity for libraries to become gateways to those services. Difficult access to buildings and poorly located buildings will, of course, mitigate against the success of including council services within libraries and their incorporation will influence strategic and detailed library design decisions.

DEFINING THE NEED ROLE OF CENTRAL LIBRARIES AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2.3.9 The central library as an internet gateway Information and computing technology (ICT) has had a profound effect on both the management of libraries and on the means of accessing information. Whilst initially offering the means of organising and accessing catalogues, ICT now offers direct access to information via the internet. Although the internet is becoming increasingly available to individuals in their homes this is not universal. Also, libraries can offer access, through the acquisition of licences, to types of information that would be prohibitively expensive for individuals, such as Britannica Online. Similarly, libraries in the UK are increasingly important portals to e- government and national initiatives such as the People’s Network.

2.3.10 The central library within a cultural network. Central libraries are important nodes within cultural networks. They host events and create connections between other cultural institutions or initiatives through their depth of specialist material. Regional festivals of music, poetry, literature, dance, as well as events related to local communities, can find support through partnerships within the a-political, neutral setting of central libraries.

2.3.11 The virtual central library Digitisation programmes across the world are opening up specialist library collections to remote users in an ever expending network. At Edinburgh Central library, this creates the opportunity to make the vast collection of images and documents widely available for research and leisure. The Invisage project, funded by the Cities Growth Fund is an exciting example of this sort of initiative.

DEFINING THE NEED RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS

2.4 RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF library BUILDINGS

Library architecture has flourished in recent years. A combination ofan increase in general prosperity, which has allowed more investment in building projects, and an appreciation of the benefits of good design on the experience of using libraries has improved the quality of library architecture. The variety of solutions has as much to do with the particular ethos of the architectural practices as it does on the site or on the needs of the library. This section attempts to identify trends within library architecture and examples that are of relevance to the development of Edinburgh Central Library. There are some common themes of recent library buildings that cannot really be considered as trends. The need to make buildings accessible to everyone is not something peculiar to library buildings and should be a taken as a given. As such, making the building accessible is not noted below as a trend, although it does pose a challenge for the current Edinburgh Central Library building.

2.4.1 Restructuring of the library The provision of a new library facility is an opportunity to rethink the structure of the Library. In many British libraries the reference material was traditionally stored separately from the lending materials which duplicates subject matter in different areas imbuing the materials with a hierarchy of relative value. Current thinking advocates the mixing lending and reference material in the same room with labelling on reference books. In the new Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library lending and reference materials are combined with the amount of reference material kept to a minimum and distinguished only by a ‘Not for Loan’ label. Brighton Jubilee Library and Malmo Central Library in Sweden have adopted similar restructuring of their collections. Some libraries have considered splitting the collections as part of redevelopment. Brighton Jubilee Library has relocated Local Studies to the nearby Brighton Museum. Birmingham Central Library is considering forming two new buildings: the Library of Birmingham Knowledge Centre will provide lending, reference, information and learning services; and the Library of Birmingham Archives & History Centre will offer facilities for archives and historic collections. The Seattle Central Library is perhaps the most physical expression of a restructured library. The striking external form is (according to the architect) the result of stacking the different components of a library then wrapping around a structural skin. Internally there are some innovative features such as the ramped book stack area that avoids the division of the collection by floor allowing the Dewey Decimal organisation of books to forma continuous flow. (However this formal device has been used by the same ramped shelf stacks architect in other building types).

DEFINING THE NEED RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS

2.4.2 Retail thinking

Libraries have to compete with retail environments for the attention of the consumer. A strong economy means that people are more able to buy books rather than borrow from libraries. The quality of retail environments has improved over time to make bookshops more attractive; libraries have been left behind. John Stanley is a major protagonist of retail technology within libraries and his name has become synonymous with these techniques. Important considerations are: • the needs of the consumer defined through feedback. • an attractive internal environment that is easy to navigate. • image, branding and the perception of the consumer. • generous amounts of public space. • attractive displays, clear signage. • good use of the parts of displays that are more visible. • zoning the library to cater for different interest groups. The Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library incorporates an Express Service at the public face of the library. Offering the most popular and recent library materials from books to DVDs the Express Service uses a range of retail techniques to attract library users. The generous space allowance for consumers and retail displays make it quick and easy to use. In some cases the location of the Library on a shopping street helps give the library a higher public profile. In Cardiff the new central Library is part of the second phase of the St Davids shopping complex. Most of the London Idea Stores are in retail environments. Chrisp Street Idea Store was developed on top of an existing 60s shopping precinct. The Whitechapel Idea Store projects out slightly into Whitechapel High Street which, as well as being the main shopping street for the area, has a thriving street market culture. The Ideas Stores are also an attempt to re-brand the Library for the consumer age in order to broaden the appeal of the library. ‘Idea’ emphasises the mixture of media available in an attractive and new way, and ‘Store’ aligns the new libraries with retail environments. Inside the environment is relaxed, with informal shelf and seating areas, in marked contrast to institutional victorian buildings often associated with libraries. The retail environment is most applicable to the front end of the library where readers may make a brief visit to the building and have limited time. Further into the library more traditional methods of display could be adopted. Some consideration should be given to which retail models are more suitable for a library. The ‘Idea Store’ concept may well become tired as the new environments become familiar. Such self conscious re-branding in Tower Hamlets is the result of a laudable aim to engage with communities in areas where library services had previously failed to attract users. While the mixture of

DEFINING THE NEED RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS

mediums is changing the ‘Library’ brand has an enduring strength. The Idea Stores work for inner London burghs but the need to rebrand the Library in Edinburgh is perhaps not so urgent. What is important, is that libraries should be explicit about their purpose and strive to enrich and extend the brand to remain relevant to new generations of users.

2.4.3 Incorporation of community services within library buildings There has been some experimentation in the mix of traditional library activities with community services. Forest Gate Library combines Housing Benefit and Library services. As people wait to discuss benefit issues they can browse the library shelves, and in so doing are inadvertently encouraged to read. This is of particular benefit to young families who rely on benefits and are disadvantaged. The Idea Store in Whitechapel incorporates dance studios as well as suites for alternative therapies. Norfolk Library is working in partnership with an adjacent Business Library and the City’s Business Support Unit. In other cities, libraries are co-located with other cultural services. In Liverpool, the City Archive provides a research service with the Central Library and there are many examples of joint museum and library services across the United States. While the purists will argue that the library is losing its identity with the introduction of other activities, the mutual benefits of such mixtures is evident in the experiments made so far. The mixture of community services will vary from city to city and be dependant on the historical legacy and socio-economic evolution of its institutions. In Edinburgh, the density of its museums, and galleries, universities, law- courts and libraries has allowed them to create a synergy without them necessarily being in the same building. It is this very richness and density which creates the extraordinary cityscape of the Old Town: a townscape which continues to evolve with the addition of other cultural assets such as the Storytelling Centre. This recent flowering of the Old Town creates a cultural trail which supports and renews the cities cultural network.

2.4.4 Incorporation of entertainment Some recent library developments have incorporated sound & vision libraries with CD and DVD loans and computer games libraries lending Play Station and X-Box games. In future, it is likely that digital technology will evolve away from the loan of hard formats towards digital downloads such as the increasingly ubiquitous MP3 music formats and podcasts of the spoken word. Many of these activities are targeted at younger (teenage) audiences, and seek to create a particular relaxing atmosphere with listening posts and comfortable furniture. Other Libraries have embraced cafe culture to shift the emphasis of using the Library from quiet reading of books to a leisure activity with a broader

DEFINING THE NEED RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS

appeal. Brighton Jubilee Library has lounging areas and vending machines encouraging people to relax with a coffee while using the library. Malmo also encourages the cafe culture. Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library is part of The Forum, a landmark Millennium building that places the library along side Pizza Express and a coffee/deli bar. As with the incorporation of community services the incorporation of entertainment activities has the possible benefit of exposing people to printed material where this may not have been the initial reason for visiting the building.

2.4.5 Incorporation of Information Technology Most libraries now provide internet access as part of their service. Typically broadband access is provided by desk top PCs. Some libraries have ‘espresso’ style (standing) for a quick internet access. WiFi is the current development in information communication. In theory the whole library could be a WiFi hot spot as at Glasgow Caledonian University Saltire Centre. Anyone with a WiFi enabled laptop could sit down and access the internet using the Library connection (as at many cafes/ hotels etc). Such is the pace of change of technology it would be folly to design just for the current technology. The future information tools are likely to be smaller, more portable and of less physical consequence than the equipment of today. Brighton Jubilee Library and Hamilton have dedicated ICT Learning Centres. Nearly all libraries currently offer courses linked to Government investment in the People’s Network.

2.4.6 Family orientated environments As well as providing good children’s libraries, much can be done to improve the facilities for children and families: family parking, buggy parks, lift access, baby changing facilities and baby feeding environments. The incorporation of play areas and kinder boxes throughout the library would make it easier for parents to use. A creche allows parents to leave their children for short periods to concentrate on their own library experience. Edinburgh Central Library currently offers this service one morning per week although the space used is not ideal and there is scope to expand the opening times. Most recent library developments achieve these needs, although Brighton Jubilee Library is among the most successful. It also has a storytelling space and a ‘wall of a thousand stories’. More flexible opening hours make it easier for families to use libraries. Norfolk and Norwich have weekend opening hours which allow families to use the facilities together.

DEFINING THE NEED RECENT TRENDS IN THE DESIGN OF LIBRARY BUILDINGS

2.4.7 library as landmark The ability of an iconic building to regenerate a local area, which has become known as the Bilbao Effect, is well understood. One of the most obvious recent examples is the striking sculptural form of the Seattle Central Library. Another example is the Cottbus University Library which stands in strong contrast to the former GDR socialist architecture that surrounds it. The George Washington Browne building is a landmark within the Edinburgh skyline. The pyramidal tower distinguishes the building from the spires of the churches and domes of the banks, but despite its presence in the cityscape the physical experience of its interior does not live up to its importance. The potential for re-development of the library, which clearly exists, offers the potential for rejuvenation of the western Cowgate. A development of the site to the west of the library has similar potential to the Gilded Balloon site (now called So Co) for a mixed use scheme with users appropriate for the Cowgate at its lower levels. Regeneration of the library is essential, if it is to remain one of Edinburgh’s flagship cultural assets. If the George Washington Browne building were to be extended, the extension should complement and reinforce the original building rather than upstage it. It should allow a clear, uninterrupted reading of the unique roof form. If a new building were to be erected on a greenfield (or brownfield) site, a landmark of similar iconic impact may be appropriate.

2.4.8 library as sustainable design The environmental performance of buildings is a major design consideration at present. One of the best examples of sustainable design is the Brighton Jubilee Library, which has achieved a BREEAM ‘ excellent’ rating. This was achieved using natural light, solar heating and sea breezes. Concrete floor slabs have tubes carrying air, which can either be used to cool the building in summer by using cooler night air, or warm the building in winter by taking the heat from exhaust air.

DEFINING THE NEED DEVELOPMENTS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2.5 Developments in Information Technology

From the 1970s computers began to be used by libraries for secondary information activities such as bibliographic and indexing databases. From the 1990s computers have begun to provide primary information. While the physical collection of the library will remain important for many decades the virtual collection that the library can offer access to will become more important. The traditional position of the library as intermediary between publisher of books and consumers of books is being eroded. Publishers are developing services for end users. While some information will be free, the issue of books on line will be under licence. Many licences will be prohibitively expensive for individuals to purchase and it is in this field that libraries also have the potential to extend their relevance and usefulness by negotiating lending licences that give access to information for the consumer. The problem for the consumer is information overload. The Library could provide a gateway to information, guiding, selecting and helping the consumer find information that is relevant and accurate. This is in many ways a natural extension of the traditional library service of assistance by a librarian. The librarian may become a facilitator helping the user to navigate the internet to find information that is reliable and accurate.

DEFINING THE NEED DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

2.6 DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

2.6.1 Evolution of the collections The organisation of Departmental collections at Central Library has continually evolved but the departmental structure, which is still recognisable today, was put in place during the inter-war years. Sir Ernest Savage’s (1922- 42) modernisations during this period included allowing, for the first time, direct public access to books on shelves. He also worked closely with the Library Committee, chaired by William Cowan, to increase the number of branch libraries and set up internal training and educational opportunities for library staff. The Economics and Commercial Library and the Edinburgh Room were both established in 1932. Material relating to the city of Edinburgh also expanded rapidly during this period with numerous bequests, including Cowan’s own large collection. In 1934, the building now known as the Bank Building, which had housed the Highland and Agricultural Society, was handed over to Central Library. This created the opportunity to relieve some of the pressure for spaces on the Reference and Lending departments with the establishment of The Mu- sic library in 1934 and the Art Library in 1936. This initiative was driven by the Library Committee’s mission to promote self guided cultural advance- ment, and also by the donation of material by members of the public and members of the committee e.g. Kenneth Sanderson. During the inter-war period, several community libraries were added across the city and many valuable and significant collections were donated by the public during this period of resurgent philanthropy. The Moir library, D.O.Hill calotypes and James Ballantine manuscripts were donated and as- tute purchases, such as the Pittendrigh MacGillivray collection, provided stock for the Art Library. During the Second World War, with many valuable items sent away for safety, and with staff away in the services or Land Army, only a limited library service was available. The Economics and Commercial library took over much of the information on and about wartime life; lists of reserved occupations, rationing schemes, government orders and ARP regulations. The war years also saw the formulation of plans to establish libraries to serve communities in outlying housing areas in Blackhall, Sighthill and Pilton. During the years from the end of the war until the early 1960s several important bequests were made for the Art Library and the Music Library, which was moved to larger rooms below the current Art library in order to accommodate the new material. In 1954 the Children’s Library and Commercial Library were moved to new premises at No.9 George IV Bridge. However, by 1958 low use of the Commercial Library meant that it no longer war- ranted a separate department and so the stock was transferred back to the Reference and Lending libraries.

DEFINING THE NEED DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

The mezzanine floor around the original Newsroom was inserted in 1957 which, by 1958, provided room for a Fiction Library which again helped to relieve pressure for space on the Lending Library. The new Edinburgh Room and Scottish library opened in 1961. This was followed by several moves, including the relocation of the Newsroom to Trinity College Apse, but by the late 1960s continuing pressure for space led to preliminary plans to extend Central Library or to develop a new library on another site. However at this point, and up until the mid 1970s, the focus of planning moved away from expansion of Central Library to computerisa- tion and the development of community libraries at Gilmerton, Newington and Craigmillar. The Music and Fine Art libraries have continued to remain highly used and relevant to the city. They are major resources for students from Edinburgh University and Edinburgh College of Art, pupils of music schools and the many church choirs and secular orchestras, music and art groups. Through the depth of its specialist collections, Central Library provides an additional venue and support to schools and university students and interested public, as well as providing access to trained specialist staff who are able to guide and facilitate users through the entire range and depth of stock. The depth of all the collections has been augmented by staff expanding the collections to incorporate different media. The collections continue to grow through donations and are thus never static, but are continually edited, expanded etc.

2.6.2 Edinburgh Room and Scottish Library The following paragraphs contain sections from the Sub-Service Plan 2006- 2009. The Edinburgh Room opened in 1932 and was one of the very first dedicated local studies services in Britain. The Scottish Library opened in 1961. The collections of the Edinburgh Room and Scottish Library together are internationally significant, charting the history, life and culture of Scotland and its capital City. These unique collections attract local residents, students and researchers, as well as visitors from all over the world. Image of map from Edinburgh Room Since opening, both departments have adapted, altered and expanded their services in response to changing needs. The Edinburgh Room, in particular, has expanded its accommodation and now offers an open access reading room. Both departments offer free internet access providing a gateway to the many online resources now available about Scotland and Edinburgh. Work on providing content for the new Council website has begun, and this will provide remote access to some of the resources available and guidance on the use of the collections. Funding has now been secured from the Cities Growth Fund to digitise the rich image collections of the Central Library. The public will have access to these collections over the Internet via a high quality website.

DEFINING THE NEED DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

Edinburgh Room The Edinburgh Room houses books, newspapers, images, pamphlets, videos, maps and other material, which make up a exceptional collection of material about Scotland’s capital city, as defined by the present local authority boundary. Included within the collections are some extremely significant items, including a copy of the Bassendyne Bible - the first bible to be printed in Scotland. The Edinburgh Room also houses a unique collection of playbills from Edinburgh theatres, dating from the early 19th century, and an internationally renowned collection of early photographs. Many other unique and rare items are held in the collection, and the Edinburgh Room continues to augment its collection with donations from members of the public, as well as acquisitions made through purchase. Scottish Library The Scottish Library provides both information and lending services to the public. Its collection is unique in public library terms, being the only service dedicated to the provision of information about Scottish life, history and culture in Scotland. That information comes in a wide variety of formats, including photographs and prints, maps, books, videos, newspapers and journals. The Scottish Library has a particularly fine collection of genealogical material, which includes around 1500 individual family histories. The Scottish Library is also a Scottish Parliament Partner Library, maintaining a collection of official publications, as well as providing information of citizenship. Other areas of excellence include the Scottish Law Collection and an exceptional collection of Scottish literature.

2.6.3 Fine Art, Music and Audio Libraries The following paragraphs contain sections from the Sub-Service Plan 2005- 2008. The Music Library opened in 1935 and the Fine Art Library some months later in 1936. These unique collections are of great intrinsic value to the city, providing a back bone of cultural information and inspiration in the capital city of Scotland and attracting local residents, students and researchers as well as visitors from all over the world. Since opening, both departments have adapted, altered and expanded their services in response to changing needs. In particular, the addition of the audio service in the Music library has proved extremely popular attracting many new users. Both departments offer free internet access providing a gateway to many online resources now available on art and music. The Fine Art Library is taking part in a recent project to digitise some of its magnifi- cent illustrative materials and the Music Library has been included in a UK wide project to provide information from concert programmes. Web content on the Council website provides much value-added material. Work on the Music website content has begun and is currently being edited.

DEFINING THE NEED DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

Fine Art The Fine Art Library contains the most extensive public collection of printed material on art and design in Edinburgh and provides a comprehensive lending, information and enquiry service on all aspects of art, architecture, design and photography, with particular emphasis on Scotland and the arts in Edinburgh. A wide variety of formats is available: books, periodicals, exhibition catalogues, press cutting, slides, videos, artists’ books and CD- ROMS, including indexing systems that allow users to access information held in periodicals and other formats. Particular strengths include Scottish art and architecture and the special collection as follows: Architecture Copy Books, Artist’s Sketchbooks, Children’s Illustrated Books, Dyer Collection, Dance of Death Collection, Contemporary Artists’ Books and a selection of historic design pattern books. The periodicals collection is a great additional resource providing contemporary and historical information on art, architecture, design and photography. Twentieth century journals are now even more accessible through online databases; Art Index, Design and Applied Art Index and the Royal Institute of Architects library online catalogue. There are also several titles Image from the Dyer collection extending back to the nineteenth century. The periodicals listing is available on-line through the Libraries website and also through the Art Libraries Society Serials Listing. Music and Audio The Music and Audio Library covers all aspects of music and dance, with particular emphasis on material relating to Scotland and Edinburgh. The material is available in a wide range of formats including scores, compact discs, DVDs, CD Roms and periodicals, covering a wide range of music including pop, opera, jazz, classical, Scottish and folk, world and sound effects. Local information on music teachers and societies is maintained and a community diary provides an overview of music and dance performances in Edinburgh. A set loan service provides schools, orchestras, and choirs with scores. Rare editions of books and scores and unique archives including the Edin- burgh Music Society minutes 1728-95 and Edinburgh Concert Programmes from 1800 to date provide a unique picture of musical life in Edinburgh through the ages. A wide range of Scottish material, songs, instrumental music, historical texts and audio material is held, including the Donald Col- lection of Scottish Country Dance. A new or re-shaped facility would have the potential to reposition the Arts collections by bringing together Fine Art, Music , Film, Dance and Drama and Literature in one centre.

DEFINING THE NEED DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

2.6.4 Collections of particular cultural significance The special collections housed in Central Library have a significant cultural and heritage value both locally and nationally. The collections comprise rare books, prints and calotypes. Of particular importance to the history of early photography in Edinburgh are the collections of early calotypes of D O Hill and R Adamson and the Dr Thomas Keith negatives. The collections also contain materials of artistic merit: the Dyer collection includes prints by celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai and James Skene’s watercolour drawings, principally of the Edinburgh Old and New Towns, provide a contemporary representation of the City during the early nineteenth century. Current development plans centre on preserving and adding to exciting collections Image of Magdalen Church from Dr Thomas and developing and improving public access to this unique and rare mate- Keith rial. It is envisaged that programmes will include cataloguing, digitisation and an enhanced internet presence which will ensure the widespread use of the collections today and in the future. Central Library has significant collection of old materials including pre-1700 items which form part of the national Britain in Print retrospective cataloguing and access programme.

2.6.5 Lending and Reference The following paragraphs contain sections from the Sub-Service Plan 2005- 2008. Central Lending Services and the Reference Library have provided significant book borrowing, enquiry, information and research facilities and services to Edinburgh citizens, students and visitors since the inception of the Central Library in 1890. Their wide-ranging and extensive collections, both historical and current, cover all subjects apart from those which fall within the remit of the other information departments, see previous sections. Central Lending Services comprises three departments: Lending Library, Newhaven fishwives from Robert Adamson Children’s Library and Learning Centre - offering fiction, information books and other resources for borrowing to adults, children and young people, as well as the public access Internet and enquiry service. The wide-ranging stock of the Lending Library, some 70,000 items, covers all aspects and formats of fiction, from literary fiction through genres to large print and audio books, plus an extensive non-fiction collection covering a huge range of subjects from alternative therapies, history and politics to popular science. Other resources include ethnic and other foreign language books and newspapers, teenage magazines and books, language courses and DVDs.

DEFINING THE NEED DEPARTMENTAL COLLECTIONS AT EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY

The Children’s Library has a range of story and information books, books on tape, large print and bilingual picture books for borrowing, as well as computers, comics, drawing materials, toys and games available for use in the library. The Learning Centre offers sixteen bookable public access Internet pcs, made available under the auspices of the People’s Network “Connect” service. The Reference Library provides an in-depth information and enquiry service based on its significant collection of over 351,000 current and historical resources of books, periodicals and newspapers, as well as a vast range of non-book and electronic formats, together with extensive public access In- ternet facilities. Strengths include Business Information, Literature, Careers and Education, European and genealogical resources as well as a comprehensive collection of periodicals and newspapers, past and present. In addition to serving the local and regional community who live, work and study in the centre of Edinburgh, the Reference Library provides a citywide service, and supports our network of community libraries and specialist services such as Ethnic, Youth and Access. As befits its role based within Scotland’s capital city, the Reference Library also offers a national and international service, in dealing with remote enquiries and the huge number of visitors, short and long-term, who make intensive use of its comprehensive range of services and resources.

Edinburgh as first UNESCO City of Literature Both the Lending and Reference Libraries act as a gateway to the City of Literature, offering novels, short stories, poems and plays as well as fiction in community and foreign languages. Further context is provided by literary criticism, bibliographies and biographies, reviews, journals and significant editions of important works.

DEFINING THE NEED BUILDING SIZE

2.7 Building Size

2.7.1 Current building areas The Central Library currently occupies three related buildings: the original George Washington Browne building, the Bank building on the corner of Victoria Street, and the Annexe on the other side of the Cowgate. There is also the potential of using the Vaults below George IV Bridge. The existing buildings comprise: Area m2

Central Library, George IV Bridge 4090 The Annexe Building, George IV Bridge 1890 The Bank Building, George IV Bridge/ Victoria Street 1550 Vaults, below George IV Bridge 2825 Total 10355

There are also some portakabins located on the site to the west of the GWB building, which have not been included in this study. A more detailed analysis is given in table 1 of the appendix A. The existing accommodation can be analysed by use: Area m2 Public Space 2 420 Storage 2 575 Offices 685 Ancillary 680 Bibliographic 300 Vacant 3 705 Total 10 355

A more detailed analysis is given in table 2 of appendix A. Key points on the existing balance of use are: • Of the available space only 6650 m2 is currently used. • Of the current used accommodation only 36% is accessible by the public. • There is more storage area than public area, although this is used inefficiently as the floors were not design to take bookstacks. • The vacant space is at the lower levels of the Bank Building and the Vaults, which is not ideal for public use.

DEFINING THE NEED BUILDING SIZE

2.7.2 Summary of required areas The areas as stated below are derived from different methods of analysis: • UK public library statistics. • size of comparative central libraries. • analysis of stock and current space standards. • expected audience growth.

2.7.3 uK Public Library Statistics The regional average floor areas for public library provision vary across the UK; for Scotland the average is 42m2 per 1,000 head of population. While application of this figure is relatively simple for community libraries it is more complex for a central library which serves a local population and the city as a whole. This is reflected in the Library’s survey of users; most library users come from parts of the city that are also served by community libraries. If we were to base the required area for the central library on the population of Edinburgh as a whole this would suggest a building of around 20 000m2.

2.7.4 Size of comparative central Libraries If we compare the size of Scottish cities and their populations: Library size Population Library/1000 population Edinburgh 6 650 450 000 14.8 Glasgow 50 000 585 000 85.5 Aberdeen 3 300 202 000 16.3 Dundee 9 000 140 000 64.3 Total 69,300 1377 000 50.3

The above analysis suggests that Edinburgh is currently has an under provision in the Central Library. If the average Scottish central library provision is applied to Edinburgh’s population this would suggest a building of 22 600m2.

DEFINING THE NEED BUILDING SIZE

2.7.5 Analysis of current library materials and current space standards Due to space restrictions much of the current stock cannot be displayed. ECL would like to improve the level of service by having more stock on display. Due to space restrictions the display of stock is poor by current standards. The traditional shelving arrangements have books that are too high and too low for many readers to access safely. Current thinking about the library layout (retail thinking etc) advocates more space for the library user with more seating. The combination of more stock on display and application of current space standards indicate a significant increase in the public floor area. An assessment of shelf meterage and number of items for each department was undertaken, with consideration given to how much stored material could be placed on display. An analysis of space requirements for display of books and other items was prepared, see appendix C. This analysis proposed a building of 15 000m2.

2.7.6 Anticipated audience growth The current buildings will deter some people from using library facilities. Usually, improved library facilities experience a peak in audience numbers on reopening facilities, with the average numbers settling at a level higher than before. An improved facility will allow the library to widen the audience base and target specific groups with programmes to encourage library use by those who could most benefit. More analysis/ survey of potential users may be useful in assessing the potential audience increase and help Central Library in targeting potential audiences.

2.7.7 Further considerations on the size of Edinburgh Central Library: There are a number of other considerations that make Edinburgh central library a special case: • Edinburgh is Scotland’s capital city: the Central Library serves not just the city but the Lothian region and has visitors from all parts of Scotland as well as over seas. • Edinburgh now has a parliament: raising the status of the city and widening the role of the Central Library. • Edinburgh’s status as a destination for visitors from the UK and overseas. The Central Library could play a stronger role as part of the city’s cultural attractions. • Edinburgh’s population is currently growing around 1% year on year (0.5% more than the Scottish average) and the library audience could be expected to grow in proportion to this.

DEFINING THE NEED BUILDING SIZE

While this is not an exact science the various methods indicate that a significant growth in the library size would be required to allow the library to deliver the service.

2.7.8 Summary of required areas A more comprehensive table of areas is given in Appendix B. An estimate for growth over 25 years has been factored into certain subject areas where growth is required. 2.7.9 Table of required areas

ENTRANCE/ EXPRESS/METRO LIBRARY 395 Issues return area 100 CHILDREN’S LIBRARY 290 General Collections 2640 Reading/ study areas with cafe culture 900 Sound and Vision - CDs/ DVD/s interactive media centre 200 Fine art 940 Music, dance and drama 820 Lecture / Performance Space 150 Film 80 City of Literature 200 Rare books 300 Local studies/ family history 1325 Cross cutting/ creative partnership space 900 Assisted learning resource centre 150 Roof top cafe 330 Staff areas/ ancillary functions 500 Storage 1000 Public Toilets 150 Loading bay 100 subtotal 11470

Circulation 2500 Services 700 Structure/ building fabric 300 total 14 970

DEFINING THE NEED VISION STATEMENT

2.8 VISION STATEMENT

2.8.1 Central Library 2015 In 2003, City of Edinburgh Council agreed a city vision which has the aim of making Edinburgh, by 2015, a city which: • leads the most successful and sustainable city region in Northern Europe. • sustains the highest quality of city of any UK city. • Keeps and attracts the people needed to drive its talent and knowledge economy and provides every citizen with the best personal opportunities for work, education and development. • is a safe and tolerant, creative and connected city, promoting the well being of both people and place. In accordance with the strong cultural and educational thrust of this vision, the Council has invested significantly in its cultural and sporting assets. At present Central Library is not one of the priority projects although it is among Edinburgh’s most visited public buildings. It was the wish of Andrew Carnegie who founded the Central Library that the Library would: “grow in usefulness year after year, and prove one of the most potent agencies for good of the people of Edinburgh for all time to come”

Telegram from Andrew Carnegie to the opening Ceremony of Central Library 1890. The physical limits of the current buildings do not allow the Library to grow in usefulness. The following paragraphs seek to define an appropriate level of ambition for a re-invigorated Central Library: In 2015, Central Library will be the hub for knowledge, learning, information and culture, bringing together the many strands of Edinburgh as City of Culture and Learning. In an inspiring space that combines design simplicity with the latest technology, staff will have a mission to maximise access to knowledge, culture and information for all. Freed from routine tasks, they will dedicate their time to caring for customers, acting as information guides, welcoming visitors and creating a place where everybody knows there’s always something going on. In a single day in Central Library, you’ll be able to: Sign up for a computer taster session; borrow a mobile device to surf the internet; choose your e-books from the library backlist; select your holiday reading in the Express library; have a meeting in the cafe; read the daily newspapers; look up grant making trusts online; browse through e-journals; use the creche; share stories with your children; meet an author in the

DEFINING THE NEED VISION STATEMENT

auditorium; take part in a City of Literature salon; create your own digital graphic novel in the Media and Arts centre; get information about the Scottish Parliament; attend a Councillor’s surgery; speak in a public debate; enjoy an exhibition; trace your family history; look at early photographs and old prints in the Rare Book Room; relax, download and listen to music; attend a workshop with local artist; book a studio space; study for exams; get help with homework; chill out with a magazine in a quiet space; meet friends for coffee; go to a community meeting in a seminar room; enrol for an evening class; try out new subjects; glide from history to literature;......

2.8.2 A Library for the Information Age A re-invigorated Central Library would have a major role to play in delivering this vision. The Central Library should provide an environment that inspires and enables people of all ages and backgrounds to read, learn, meet others and exchange ideas, to enhance their lives and allow them to contribute to the success of Edinburgh. The Library will be the corner stone of the city library network and be a cultural hub in the city centre. The Library has a unique place among city institutions as a neutral environment, free from political, religious, or class boundaries. Central Library will reach out to everyone in the city and offer access to the infinite knowledge resources of the modern world in order to build a cosmopolitan and inclusive city. Edinburgh (and London) has been identified by the Work Foundation as an Ideopolis, a city where the economy that is driven by a highly educated workforce. The future economic success of the UK is dependent less on manufacturing and more on the production of information and knowledge. The knowledge based economy depends on the continued success of the educational establishments, which the Central Library helps to support. Crucially, the Library offers those who have limited opportunities to engage in formal education a place to learn in order that they can take part in the success of the economy. Edinburgh has been designated the first UNESCO World City of Literature. The Central Library will provide a place for the celebration of writing, and provide a place where writers can meet. The redevelopment of Central Library will enhance the offerings of Edinburgh’s visitor attractions and encourage more people to visit Edinburgh. By show casing rich and unique collections, Central Library will become an internationally renowned information gateway to the heritage of Edinburgh and Scotland. Creating a new cultural hub will help Edinburgh and its citizens realise its aspiration to have the highest quality of life of any UK city.

DEFINING THE NEED 3.0 SETTING OBJECTIVES 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 POLICIES 3.3 THE OBJECTIVES

SETTING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION

3.1 INTRODUCTION The development of the objectives for the Options Appraisal have been carefully considered so that they can operative effectively as part of a formal evaluation process. The options were developed from aspirations and aims taken from a variety of influential policy documents and papers, listed below. Care has been taken to ensure that more general objectives have been rejected or revised to make the objectives relevant to the current Study. Care has been taken to make the objectives SMART (specific, measurable, agreed, realistic, time bound) • User/ visitor needs. • The economy. • The community. • National priorities. • City policies. • City of literature policies. • Library and other relevant cultural policies. • Performance objectives and national standards.

3.1.1 User / Visitor Needs The current users have been surveyed to identify areas where the existing services are substandard. Noted below is a summary of responses to the CIPFA (��Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy)�� survey of 2��004�/�5��. Full responses to the survey are noted in the Appendix. Users to the library were invited to fill in a questionnaire with headings as noted below. Typical Library users responses highlighted the need for an enhanced library service under the heading as follows: Access • Longer opening hours, particularly at the weekends. • Book deposit facility available out of hours. • Better lifts. • Better signage. • Clearer layout of sections/ shelves/ books. • Clearer classification. Environment • higher standard generally. • more investment . • modernisation. • more space generally. • more reading space . • more quiet areas (no computers etc). • new furniture. • café/ vending facilities. • better fiction section. • better lighting and heating. • better toilet facilities.

SETTING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION

Stock • more books generally. • more ‘current’ books. • more novels. • more fiction. • more CDs. • more DVDs. Service • more computers. • better photocopy/ scan facilities.

3.1.2 The Edinburgh Economy

The Edinburgh economy is an important influence for the Libraries within Edinburgh. As the flagship of Edinburgh Libraries, Central Library has a significant contribution to the service as a whole. Key economic factors are: • population of 448,624 in 2001, a growth of 9.1% from 1991, the largest growth in Scotland. • 96.9% of population are white. • 47% of population are working adults (high), only 16% of population are dependent children. • more than 17% of Edinburgh’s working population are ‘professional’ – higher than London. • 67% economic activity rate, similar to London. • nearly 25% of Edinburgh’s population was born outside Edinburgh. • Edinburgh has a very mobile population, typical of university towns. Other key issues include the recent influx of European nationals, with the expansion of the EEC migrant workers who are more dependant on state funded facilities to help them find work and homes. These workers are key to the Edinburgh economy supporting the service economies as well as construction sectors.

SETTING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION

3.1.3 Community/ Social/ Education

The City of Edinburgh has a strong educational infrastructure in primary, secondary and tertiary education. The education system, together with the recent devolution of power to Scotland, which benefits Edinburgh in particular, has driven growth in the local economy. The success of Edinburgh’s knowledge economy does have some negative social consequences; it tends to polarise the working population between the information rich and poor. In a buoyant economy service sector workers have difficulty in finding affordable housing and the general cost of living is relatively high. Edinburgh’s cultural mix • 46.8 % of library users are under 35 years of age. • 4.3% unemployment, lower than nation average. • almost 33% of the workforce have degrees or similar, compared to 20% national average. The library has particular opportunities in offering free at the point of use for the less advantaged.

SETTING OBJECTIVES POLICIES

3.2 POLICIES

The Objectives listed in section 3.3 are developed from policies from a range of sources from national to city levels as listed below. National DCMS Framework for the Future Performance objectives & national standards

Scottish Culture (Scotland) Bill Scottish Library and Information Council Public Library Quality Improvement Matrix

City City of Edinburgh Council City Vision Cultural Policy for the City of Edinburgh Edinburgh Libraries Strategy Corporate Plan City of Literature City of Edinburgh Covenants

SETTING OBJECTIVES POLICIES

3.2.1 National Policies DCMS Framework for the Future (2003) which applies to England & Wales paper gives the public library network within the UK a sense of purpose. The Government believes that libraries have four key strengths: • offering a neutral welcoming community space supporting active citizenship. • holding enormous stacks of material ranging beyond books. • offering a wide range of services and operating as community centres of formal and informal learning. • promoting reading and providing access to information and advice. The paper also identified three areas of activity where libraries could provide a better service for the 21st century: • the promotion of reading and informal learning. • access to digital skills and services including e-government. • measures to tackle social inclusion, build community identity and develop active citizenship. The Laser Foundation’s 2004 discussion paper The Public Library Service in 2015 sets out a broad range of objectives to provide a dynamic public library service with emphasis on: • Access: virtual and physical access to services, wherever the customer may be. • Support: the information and support customers need to achieve their objectives. • People-focus: working out with customers what they need and providing it. • Responsive service: always listening to the user. • Dynamic service: flexible, adaptable.

3.2.2 Scottish Policies At the time of writing the Culture (Scotland) Bill has been issued in Draft. The Bill permits ministers to give local authorities statutory guidance on the provision of cultural services. Local authorities will have to publish information on the provision of cultural services to inform local citizens on the cultural entitlements that the council will provide. The Bill allows ministers to gather information on the performance of the provision of cultural services. For library services the Scottish Executive take advice from Scottish Library and Information Council (SLIC) who have developed The Public Library Quality Improvement Matrix (PLQIM).

SETTING OBJECTIVES POLICIES

SLIC define the core principles of public library services as: • Provide universal access to resources, which are free, consistent and customer focused. • Enable access to resources for reading, information and learning. • Help to build vibrant communities by encouraging community involvement and community-based activity and assist the creation of social capital. • Promote social justice, civic engagement and democracy. • Help minimize exclusion, be it social or digital. • Support and promote cultural/ creative activities though the provision of information and venues. • Encourage the public to pursue individual interests. • Work in partnership with others to offer value added services.

3.2.3 City Policies In 2003 the City of Edinburgh Council agreed a City Vision which would by 2015 make Edinburgh a city that: • leads the most successful and sustainable city region in Northern Europe. • sustains the highest quality of life of any UK city. • keeps and attracts the people needed to drive its talent and knowledge economy and provides every citizen with the best personal opportunities for work, education and development. • is a safe and tolerant, creative and connected city, promoting the well being of both people and place. Edinburgh Central Library, together with the library service has a significant role in assisting Edinburgh achieve this vision. In 2003 the City of Edinburgh Culture and Leisure Department published the Edinburgh Libraries Strategy as part of the Cultural Policy for the City of Edinburgh. The six key recommendations of the strategy are: • to implement a strategy for libraries in Edinburgh which is appropriate to the City’s pre-eminence as a major world capital. • to foster, develop and support life long learning in the City of Edinburgh. • to identify, promote and maximise the contributions of libraries to the educational, cultural, economic and democratic life of the city. • to extend and improve co-operation among libraries in Edinburgh. • to increase library access and library participation for all sections of Edinburgh’s community, including targeting initiatives to combat social exclusion.

SETTING OBJECTIVES POLICIES

• to contribute to the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage of the City of Edinburgh and to maximise access to that heritage for citizens, visitors and the national and international community. City of Edinburgh Council Corporate Goals (Corporate Plan 2003-2007) • Improving services to individuals and communities in Edinburgh. • Providing a stimulating environment for learning, leisure, sporting, artistic and cultural activities. • Supporting the local economy and developing employment opportunities. • Supporting Edinburgh’s international reputation as a place to visit and do business. • Providing a good start for children and young people. • Responding to people who need extra help. • Promote sustainability and environmental awareness.

3.2.4 City of Literature Policies In October 2004 Edinburgh became the first World City of Literature. The Management Group established five principle aims for Edinburgh World City of Literature: • to promote awareness and prestige of Scotland’s literature, nationally and internationally, by achieving recognition for Edinburgh as a World City of Literature. • to celebrate Scotland’s contemporary literature and literary heritage. • to provide a focus and co-ordination for literary activity, to encourage greater participation at all levels of Scottish society, and to attract new initiatives to Scotland. • to create an international model for a World City of Literature and to create partnerships with other great cities with strong literary profiles and aspirations. • to encourage and inspire the creation of legacies for the future. In support of the City of Literature designation the City of Edinburgh Coun- cil committed to seven covenants that will: • provide the opportunity for every child to experience books by their sixth birthday. • encourage access to literature by raising attainment and improving core skills and achievement in reading and writing. • work to advance literary activity, the enjoyment of literature, writing in Scotland, writing about Scotland, and Scottish writers. • actively support literary activity to promote understanding and con- fidence in cultural diversity. • work in partnership with other institutions and groups to encourage quality of intellectual and physical access to literature resources.

SETTING OBJECTIVES POLICIES

• engage at local, national, and international level with individuals, institutions and cities to exchange and share knowledge and experience in developing and promoting literary activity. • maintain and develop the distinctive range of literary opportunities which supports Edinburgh’s quality of life and status as a leading world city. Edinburgh Central Library, together with the library service has a significant role in assisting the support of the World City of Literature designation.

3.2.5 Performance Objectives and National Standards Standards for Archives • National Archives Standard for Record Repositories (2004). • National Archives’ Framework of Standards (2004). • BS 5454: 2000 Recommendations for the storage and exhibition of archive documents. The National Archive was formed as a single organisation in April 2003, bringing together the Public Records Office and Historic Manuscripts Commission. Relevant legislation includes: • The Data Protection Act 1998. • The Freedom of Information Act 2005. • Acts relating to archive services at local and regional levels.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

3.3 THE OBJECTIVES

The list of objectives are based on the above influences. While the choice of objective and subjective have been carefully considered to be SMART, many of the acknowledged benefits of reading and literate skills are not easily or directly measurable.

3.3.1 The Location/ Accessibility Objective Objective 1: Make the building easy to access and easy to use for everyone in the city by: • ensuring that the Library location has good public transport connections. e.g. near to main bus and train stations/ stops. • ensuring that Library location has a large footfall. e.g. easy passing access on a major pedestrian city route. • ensuring that the location of the central library is easily found and remembered by the local population and visitors to Edinburgh. e.g. place that people go to in their daily lives; close to visitor attractions; has a memorable façade and skyline. • ensure that the Library location has good proximity to other cultural institutions. e.g. near galleries, museums and other centres of knowledge and learning. • ensuring that all parts of the library are fully accessible to everyone. e.g. accessible physically and through electronic access with facilities to enhance access to the disabled, including ensuring adjacent disabled parking. • ensuring that building is developed to house and configure collections in a way that is easily navigable and intelligible to the public. e.g. easy to see/ find particular subjects and move between them - an open and lucid structure.

3.3.2 The Wider Audience/ Culture Objective Objective 2: To attract an audience from the widest range of ages and social groups as well as visitors to the city by: • providing a library facility that is more welcoming and improves the image of the library as an institution to appeal to the widest possible audience. e.g. by utilising retail techniques to provide zones of activity; café; meet friends in the foyer; be entertained; sit and relax; Chamber St Museum example of ambience and activity mix. • combating social exclusion by ensuring disadvantaged groups have access to learning and by encouraging use of the library though events and activities targeted at specific groups. e.g. computer courses, talks, workshops and concerts targeted at groups such as Women onto Work, Partners in Education, young adults etc.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

• providing facilities to help Edinburgh’s cosmopolitan population engage in the social, economic and educational life of the city and by doing so, develop Edinburgh’s cosmopolitan character. e.g. providing information on the local & global economy, jobs, careers, financial trends; social events etc. • incorporating Council services into the library to bring new potential audiences into the building. e.g. providing a Council hub and one stop shop for other Council services; travel passes; Councillor surgery hours; Council hot topic displays and public meetings. • ensuring that collections and research facilities of central library are attractive and exciting for international visitors. e.g. promoting the collections and providing excellent research facilities in optimum conditions. • ensuring that the library engages with the Scottish diaspora through increasing virtual/ remote access to collections. e.g. by providing remote access to information and digital formats of our special collections, copyright permitting. • providing a world class library facility that increases Edinburgh’s reputation as a world library/ cultural destination. e.g. by enhancing existing synergies with other libraries/cultural providers; showcasing important collections. • increasing the range and number of programmes planned and delivered with partner/ other organisations and agencies such as Open University, BBC, Open College of the Arts etc. • establishing a year-round programme of exhibitions which display and explore the library’s collections. e.g. tie-ins with city campaigns and events (Kidnapped); having a variety of display cases/different size exhibition spaces with optimum facilities.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

3.3.3 The Resource/ Collection Objective Objective 3: provide a library resource that is both attractive and manageable by: • providing more public floor area and more library materials that are immediately accessible to the public by moving materials from storage to open shelves. e.g. more new/ current stock on display; extending the range and amount of material and information immediately available currently held in storage. • providing additional and improved facilities such as café and crèche in order to make the library easier and more enjoyable to use. e.g. social facilities that encourage longer visit periods. • bringing collections together so that they are integrated, with a seamless flow to movement between subject areas of the library. e.g. bring visual arts/music/film/literature together and thus encouraging the primary concept of public libraries to extend one’s knowledge space, through the excitement of serendipitous discovery. • providing library services in a more relaxed environment. e.g. applying retail techniques. • increasing consultation, exhibition, and interpretation space. e.g. by providing space around the collections to allow greater promotion through display, browsing, study and reading and encouraging staff to expand their role as facilitators. • managing stock of books/ information formats to ensure stock is appropriate and interesting. e.g. electronic monitoring of use, increased staff time available to select and edit material through more efficient use of staff time; flexible space to adapt collections as public interests change. • developing ICT technologies to provide electronic information/ online services where appropriate. e.g. wifi, use of databases, e- journals and e-books; Enquire Service; utilising staff to increase public ICT skills such as e-citizen. • ensuring the long term future preservation of special collections are environmentally controlled, secure and fire protected (BS5454 standards). e.g. by increasing the space and upgrading facilities available for special collections. • providing appropriate facilities for the conservation and repair of collections to minimise risk of damage. e.g. by providing in-house bindery facilities manned by professional staff. • providing facilities for photographic archiving of rare material to minimise handling and so protect the original materials. e.g. by employing professional photographic staff and ensuring they have the appropriate equipment and facilities. • increasing storage space (onsite and offsite) to manage collection growth.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

• providing the ICT infrastructure that will allow the library to incorporate developments in ICT so as to deliver technologically advanced service. e.g. flexible network; hardware and software capability; e.g. active and responsive ICT support to deliver library systems and services. • expanding facilities for the digitisation of library materials to improve access both in the library through intranet and for other users on line. e.g. by providing streamlined space and conditions to facilitate ongoing digitisation processes.

3.3.4 The Community Objective

Objective �: enable the library to play a full part in the life of the local community by: • providing facilities that allow Central Library with in-depth resources to support Edinburgh’s community libraries. eg supply of information, materials, staff subject knowledge and advice. • incorporating Council services into the library to bring new potential audiences while reinforcing citizenship. e.g. providing a Council hub and one stop shop for other Council services. • providing a community information hub through increasing the range of information resources and advice facilities available. e.g. health, environment. • making the library more central to local community life by enhancing leisure amenities; increasing community meeting space and pro- actively engaging with local groups to use library facilities and resources. e.g. by providing community meeting space available 24/7. • providing ICT access and guidance to e-government. e.g. by providing suites of computers managed by facilitators/on the spot guidance in doing transactions/get started computer sessions; formal ICT qualifications. • enhance active citizenship by providing forums for local devolved government. e.g. meeting space and representation by local and national government officials - Councillor; MEPs surgeries and meet the people sessions. • Providing a neutral environment, (free from political, ethnic, religious or class associations) for the dissemination of information. e.g. as currently exists but with a more relaxed space.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

3.3.5 The Local Economy Objective Objective 5: Support the local, knowledge and creative economies by • providing an informal learning environment to support lifelong participation in the knowledge economy. e.g. by staff providing encouragement, support and facilitating access to information; study space; referral service to and from ELISA institutions and community learning agencies; easy access to resources - getting a job; changing careers; planning your retirement. • providing formal and informal environments for business to meet either by arrangement or chance. e.g. by providing meeting space and business suites with appropriate electronic facilities. • acting as a touchdown space and learning hub for city centre workers (not just migrants) (touchdown: access to internet with associated office support facilities). e.g. providing readily accessible informal space for ICT. • increasing the availability of ICT through more equipment and training for ICT and digital skills. e.g. greater staff availability to facilitate use and wifi access. • providing a study environment/resources to support the curriculum of and supplement study provision for all formal education. e.g. different levels of study areas - quiet, relaxed etc. • providing after school homework clubs to support local schools and working parents. e.g. homework clubs and general study areas. • supporting the creative industries by offering free access to literature, arts and music resources. e.g. as currently provided by the Fine Art & Music Libraries and sections of the Lending and Reference Libraries. • supporting the creative industries by offering access to a rich network of other libraries and backed by information and advice. As currently provided through local, national and international library networks. e.g. Scottish Visual Arts Group, International Association of Music Libraries etc. • providing a place for writers and artists to work and meet with audiences to share knowledge and gain inspiration through events, workshops etc. e.g. through the provision of flexible audience areas suitable for converting from formal audience seating to informal groupings. • Supporting Edinburgh’s festivals by bringing promoters and new audiences together in a community setting and expanding people’s interest and enthusiasm all year round. e.g. utilising audience space to promote both the festivals and the support Central Library collections can offer. • Supporting Edinburgh’s festivals by assisting with promotion, publicity, and launching of events, as well as provision of library materials for events. e.g. developing existing tie-ins with Jazz, Book, Storytelling Fests.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

3.3.6 The Children’s Young Person Objective Objective 6: Promote early literacy and reading among children and young people by: • providing the highest standard of children’s library recognising best practice. • providing a youth zone/ library to help young people’s transition to adult services, reinforcing a life long library habit. • providing a venue to host prestige children’s literary events and exhibitions. • providing a year round programme of activities and events for children and young people of all ages and their families. • supporting children’s and young people’s creativity through a programme of creative reading and writing activities. • providing creche facilities for library users. • making the library child and family friendly by providing a children’s areas within other departments. • providing children’s changing/ feeding facilities. • introducing children to the collections and resources of central library through school visits etc. • introducing other activities to attract younger audiences e.g. after school clubs etc. • engaging with the formal Scottish education system to provide curriculum support and enhance learning systems.

3.3.7 The Staff Service Objective Objective 7: Ensure that the services delivered by staff are responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people of Edinburgh by: • providing a library layout that enables the library systems and processes to work cost effectively so that staff have time to engage with users and potential users. e.g. by optimum usage of electronic service mechanisms such as RFID and online booking systems; self service concept; floorwalkers. • introducing technology such as RFID to achieve above. • developing continuous professional development programmes to maintain a high level of staff awareness of the varying needs of library users. e.g. expanded customer care, best working with different groups of users; releasing staff for outreach work; developing skills and knowledge in cross sectoral working.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

3.3.8 The Sustainability/ Environmental Objective Objective 8: Ensure that the future use of a central library that is predicated on sustainability principles by: • promoting a culture of borrowing (re-using/ recycling) by providing an attractive library facility. • properly examine the re-using existing buildings where practical. • building a long term solution to central library’s needs. e.g. a facility that will work for the next five decades. • development of the new parts of the library to Breeam “excellent” rating. i.e. maximum environmentally sustainable facilities and maintenance features. • promoting awareness of environmental design through provision of a sustainable central library facility. • providing a library facility that is located to minimise energy spent in travelling to the library. i.e. in an area to which the public are already drawn in the greatest possible numbers.

3.3.9 The Conservation/ Townscape/ Cityscape/ City Environment/ Cultural Infrastructure Objective Objective 9: Provide a library facility that continues to contribute to the cultural infrastructure of Edinburgh by: • enabling the central library to continue providing a valuable public service as originally intended. e.g. as that ‘potent agency for the good of the people of Edinburgh for all time to come’ Andrew Carnegie. • provide a library facility that, through close proximity to other cultural institutions, helps generate a cultural momentum. e.g. providing a synergy for users that only this proximity can offer.

SETTING OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTIVES

3.3.10 The Flexibility/ Future Proof Objective Objective 10: Ensure sufficiently flexible to accommodate the future needs of the library by: • provide a library building that is sufficiently ‘loose fit’ to allow space to be used in different ways. e.g. flexible space and furniture - shelves on castors etc. • providing a library building that has allowed for growth in the relevant departments. e.g. as above. • provide a library building that can be reorganised to allow some departments to spread into areas previously used for other purposes. e.g. as above. • provide a library building that can accommodate variations in the quantities of different information materials and have the potential to take new materials formats that have not yet been developed. e.g. flexible and non-prescriptive furniture. • provide efficient storage facilities on and off site that allow the library to manage growth. e.g. rolling stacks and flexible shelving to current British Standard level.

SETTING OBJECTIVES 4.0 OPTIONS 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 LOCATION 4.3 DO THE MINIMUM 4.4 RELOCATION OF PART OR WHOLE OF LIBRARY 4.5 EXTEND LIBRARY TO THE WEST

OPTIONS INTRODUCTION

4.1 INTRODUCTION These Options are developed from the Conservation Plan prepared by LDN in 2002, the Options Appraisal by LDN 2002, from discussion with representatives of Edinburgh Central Library and discussions with City of Edin- burgh Planning Department, see appendix 6. The Options described in the following section have been chosen to cover a range of possible developments for the library. There are other options that have not been considered as they either do not meet the library’s requirements or are too similar to the other options. It may be that the conclusion is a variation on the Options as described. Edinburgh The various Options below look at different ways to provide around 15,000m2, see Building Size section 2.7, within a new/ or refurbished library. In practice the areas required for different Options will vary slightly, particularly with the Options that consider dividing the collections with the resultant duplication of support facilities. For the purposes of this study the Options have been tested against an ‘ideal’ area requirement based on a single central library facility. Some of these Options consider relocation of the library in part or whole although it is not the purpose of the current study to identify potential other sites. Relocation can however be considered in theory against types of alternative location. Further analysis could be made on relocation of library facilities if sites become available. All of the Options will require some building works to the George Washing- Old Town ton Browne/ Bank/ Annexe buildings and the Vaults. In practice the works that would be required to each of the buildings would vary slightly depending on the Options and the proposed accommodation for each of the parts of the library. However much of the costs associated with making the buildings more usable address the various problems that each of the buildings GEORGE IV BRIDGE have and so for the purposes of this study the costs for reuse of the various buildings can be considered the same for each Option. Approximate costs have been put against the Options. These costs are ex- clusive of land acquisition costs as these are difficult to predict accurately. A COWGATE city centre location may have competition from commercial interests while land costs in an out-of-city location may be subsidized as part of a larger development (planning gain). However the approximate costs can be used to make value-for-money comparisons between the various options. A break- Cowgatehead down of the approximate costs and an explanation on the assessment of costs and exclusions is given in appendix L. The costs for works to the Bank, Annexe and Vaults were based on an outline schedule of works, which is included in appendix K.

OPTIONS INTRODUCTION

4.1.1 Metro Library The idea of a satellite Metro Library in a retail environment is attractive to ECL. This would signal a new approach to provision of library services and help change the public profile of the institution, broadening its appeal. However creating a Metro Library would not have a significant effect on the space demands for the proposed central library. As such the idea of a Metro Library does not figure in the Strategic Options Development Study and is not considered as an Option. The Metro Library could be a useful part of the re-branding of Central Library and may be a useful part of the decant arrangements.

4.1.2 Storage A key consideration to the development of the Central Library is book storage. The current arrangement of on site storage is not an effective use of city centre land. As well as limited on site storage using space efficient rolling stacks there will be the need for off site storage, probably a warehouse around the city perimeter. This need is common to all Options and so is not of strategic importance.

OPTIONS

LOCATION

Bus The width of the lines that illustrate the LRT bus routes are weighted to represent the number of bus routes using particular streets and can be taken as an indication on the level (number and frequency) of service. Clearly Princes Street is best served street in Edinburgh and could be considered more central than the George IV Bridge in terms of bus service. George IV Bridge is, however, a short walk from South Bridge, which has many bus routes. It may be that some bus services could be altered to make access to the George IV Bridge location easier for more people.

Cycle The cycle routes illustrated on the map are taken from the Edinburgh City Cycle map by Spokes. In practice most city centre locations could be made bicycle friendly with secure bicycle parks. George IV Bridge is part of the N1 national cycle route, a network of defined routes that cover the UK. While the bicycle does not suit the needs of all library users the number of bicycles locked to the railing outside illustrates the popularity of this mode of transport. It may be possible to find more space around the entrance to allow for better bicycle parking.

Car While most people in Edinburgh have a choice on the mode of transport they use there should be some car parking provision for those who have disabilities and possibly also some family parking. Most city centre locations would have difficulty in providing on-site car parking. A library location close to the St James Centre or Castle Street car parks could be a practical way to provide car parking for the library. With an extension to the west of George IV Bridge it should be possible to incorporate some on-site parking with access from the Cowgate.

OPTIONS LOCATION

4.2.2 cultural centre

The map below illustrates the location of Edinburgh’s cultural institutions.

KEY Libraries Galleries/ Museums Education Government Courts Military Worship

Crown CENTRAL LIBRARY Other

Cultural map of central Edinburgh

Two centuries after the construction of the Georgian New Town and subse- quent Victorian and suburban expansions, the City’s cultural institutions are still predominantly located in the Old Town. While there is some rationale for relocating the library and spreading the cultural centre of Edinburgh more widely, there are strong mutual benefits for keeping the Central Li- brary in the same area as the National Library of Scotland, National Museum of Scotland, University of Edinburgh and Edinburgh College of Art. The Central Library is well used by students studying at all Edinburgh’s universities, colleges and also by pupils from local schools, Napier, Heriot Watt and Queen Margaret University who use Central Library extensively. For visitors to the city it is useful to find cultural attractions in close proximity and the experience of using the different facilities in enhanced by co-location.

Edinburgh’s status as a City of Literature is a reflection of the City’s literary heritage. The Old Town in particular is rich with cultural significance: the historical events (real and fictional), the people and places that shaped these stories, see appendix F. An Old Town location would allow the central library to draw on this heritage, which adds value to the Edinburgh collections and the experience of users and visitors to the library.

OPTIONS THE CURRENT CENTRAL LIBRARY GROUP OF BUILDINGS

4.3 The current Central Library Group of Buildings The George Washington Browne building is described at length in the Con- servation Plan by LDN 2002. For consideration of the Options an appreciation of the condition and potential of existing additional buildings is required. The key characteristics of the Bank, Annexe and Vaults are discussed below. The Bank Building (B-listed) adjoins the GWB building but has limited connection to the GWB building. The floor levels of the Bank Building are different from those of the main building. While level access has been achieved at level 5 (George IV Bridge) other floors are currently not accessible by wheelchair. Separate lift access would have to be incorporated into this building for continued use by the Library. While the building could contribute around 1550m2 to the area of the building half this area is below the level of George IV Bridge so has little daylight or natural ventilation so would have limited possible uses. The floors were not designed for book storage and may have to be strengthened for use as storage. Bank from George IV Bridge The Annexe building (B-listed) is separated from the GWB building by the Cowgate. It has a separate entrance from George IV Bridge. ECL occupy 5 floors of the 8 storey building, the upper floors being rented residential use. Level access is possible at level 5 but other floors are currently inaccessible by wheelchair. It would be possible to connect the Annexe to the GWB building with a bridge link across the Cowgate at levels 2or 3. Separate lift access would have to be incorporated into the building for continued use by the Library. While the building could contribute around 1890m2 area levels 1 to 4 are below George IV Bridge level and have limited potential for natural light and ventilation. The mixed use of this building has the consequence that there are ongoing problems with water leaks from the rented Annexe entrance properties above. The floors were not designed for book storage and may have to be strengthened for use as storage. The Vaults constitute the structure of George IV Bridge. There are vault spaces to the north and south of the Cowgate. The vaults on the north side of the Cowgate can be accessed from the lower floors of the Bank Building. On the south side of the Cowgate the vault spaces can be accessed from the lower floors of the Annexe. The Vault on the south side of the Cow- gate currently has lost the floor at level 2 so that level 1 is a double height space. On the north side only level 1 at Cowgate level (currently used as a carpark) has level access. Floors have been inserted within the Vaults to offer 2825m2 area. Separate lift access would be required for the vaults area. There are level variations within the floors of the vaults which restricts level access. Improving access between the GWB building and the Vaults will be problematic. Potential for natural light and ventilation is very limited. There are problems of water ingress from the road above which have been tackled in the past with tanking systems. While these have has some effect a more effective tanking system would be required to make the Vaults usable space. Annexe from Cowgate

OPTIONS THE CURRENT CENTRAL LIBRARY GROUP OF BUILDINGS

The lower floors of the Bank Building and the Vaults are used by the Festival Fringe for one month of the year and the quirky arrangements work well for the Fringe. It may be that the vaults could be developed as a performance space/ entertainment venue. The Bank, Annexe and Vaults buildings are generally less well maintained than the GWB building and major work will be required to integrate these buildings properly with the GWB to make the collection work together as a whole. All three buildings will require new lifts, staircases, building services, structural improvements, tanking and general refit, as noted in the Outline Schedule of Works in appendix K.

OPTIONS

RELOCATION OF PART OR WHOLE OF LIBRARY

4.4 Relocation of part or whole of Library Options 1a and 1b consider relocation of part of the library, which would divide the collections. There are concerns about the practical consequences of such a reorganisation for the library user. There are mutual benefits to the value of the collection if it can be accommodated ‘under one roof’ and conversely dividing the collection will reduce the effectiveness of a central library. For the purposes of this study we have considered dividing the library collection into two parts. This is not a simple task as the Central Library collections is organised as a whole so removal of one part affects several collections.

The Edinburgh Collection: a cultural heritage resource for Scotland. This collection comprises the former Edinburgh Room and some materials from the Scottish Library augmented by some Scottish materials from other parts of the Library. It would include local studies and rare books. While some of the materials have historic or cultural significance this collection should not be considered an archive as this collection will grow over time. These collections may be of particular interest to visiting library users, who may be from other parts of Scotland or further away.

General Lending: general lending, arts, science etc. These parts of the collection constitute the larger part of the ECL library and would include the more popular materials, as well as information in depth on particular subjects. These collections would be used regularly by local city residents.

The above division of the collections is not definitive but could be useful as a working definition for the purposes of this study. The exact reorganiza- tion of the collection may be dependant on the chosen locations. There are running costs inherent in dividing the collection with duplication in staffing across two facilities. Options 1c and 1d consider relocation of the entire library building. The conditions of the Carnegie donation do not preclude the disposal of the George Washington Browne building. Relocation would also raise the challenge of finding a suitable use for the building, but this is out with the scope of this study.

OPTIONS RELOCATION OF PART OR WHOLE OF LIBRARY

4.4.1 Option 1a: Relocate General Lending Option 1a: Relocation of General Lending to another city centre site (reusing an existing building), retention of the Edinburgh Collection at the GWB building, disposal of the Bank, Annexe and Vaults. Cost:£23.6M

Areas

GWB BANK Annexe VAULTS OTHER TOTAL 4 090 DISPOSE DISPOSE DISPOSE 10 910 15 000

As the smaller part of the Central Library Collection the Edinburgh Collec- tion could be accommodated in the GWB building. The historical precedent and grandeur of the GWB building could be adapted for the Edinburgh Collection. The Bank, Annexe and Vaults could be disposed of. In terms of ease of access to the general public a site in the area of Princes Street or George Street could be considered be more central than George IV Bridge. However sites in this area are at a premium and there are considerable commercial pressures for land in these areas. For a site of suitable size to become available would, for example, require the relocation of a department store or office building. Princes Street from esplanade This would be a bold re-arrangement of the Central Library. It would locate the larger part of the collections in a more retail environment, which could be considered to give the library a more populist image. While the accommodation rooms of the Edinburgh Collection in the George Washington Browne Building, the audience size using this part of the Cen- tral Library collection may not justify the maintenance costs to the George Washington Browne Building. The cost for this option assumed reuse of an existing building. The rates applies to this cost allow for refitting refurbishment of a building. The viability of such a solution would be dependant on the design loadings of the floors of an existing building. (The minimum imposed floor loads for library buildings is 4kN/m2 whereas the minimum imposed floor loadings for general office space is 2.5kN/m2.) Structural alterations would make this cost significantly higher. Dividing the collections will incur higher running costs with staff duplication between buildings. Re-use of an existing building is less likely to provide an attractive library environment than the new build or extension options. There would be an on-cost for decant and temporary relocation of the Edin- burgh Collection while works are carried out on the GWB Building.

OPTIONS RELOCATION OF PART OR WHOLE OF LIBRARY

4.4.2 Option 1bi: Relocate Edinburgh Collection in city centre

Option 1bi: Relocation of Edinburgh Collection to another city centre site (new build), retention of General Collections at George IV Bridge re-configuring GWB, Bank, Annexe and Vaults. Cost: £27.5M

Areas

GWB BANK Annexe VAULTS OTHER TOTAL 4 090 1 550 1 890 2 825 4 645 15 000

This is the converse of Option 1a: the General Lending Collections would be retained at George IV Bridge and the Edinburgh Collection would be relocated.

General Lending: With the larger part of the central library retained at George IV Bridge the Bank Building, Annexe and Vaults would have to be used. The difficulties of re-configuring these buildings was identified in Section 4.3.2 and it would be difficult to make an attractive library facility from those buildings. Edinburgh Collection: as the smaller part of the Central Library collection a new location for the Edinburgh Collection would be easier to find than the General Lending. The Edinburgh Collection could be located in the city centre to complement the city museums. There are mutual benefits to locating the cultural institutions in close proximity. Dividing the collection will incur higher running costs with staff duplication between buildings. There would be an on cost for decant and temporary relocation of general lending while works area carried out on the GWB, Bank, Annexe and Vaults.

OPTIONS RELOCATION OF PART OR WHOLE OF LIBRARY

4.4.3 Option 1bii: Relocate Edinburgh Collections out-of-centre Option 1bii: Relocation of Edinburgh Collection to an out of centre location (new build), retention of General Collections at George IV Bridge re-configuring GWB, Bank, Annexe and Vaults. Cost: £26.1M

Areas

GWB BANK Annexe VAULTS OTHER TOTAL 4 090 1 550 1 890 2 825 4 645 15 000

This is similar to Option 1bi except the Edinburgh Collection would be relocated to an out of centre location.

It could be considered that, given the special nature of the material, people would be willing to travel to experience the collection. The Edinburgh Col- lection could be a destination attraction, and could be a landmark public building in one of Edinburgh’s development areas. Dividing the collections will incur higher running costs with staff duplication between buildings.

There would be an on-cost for decant and temporary relocation of general lending while works are carried out on the GWB, Bank, Annexe and Vaults.

OPTIONS

5.0 APPRAISAL 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 PHILOSOPHY OF DECISION ANALYSIS 5.3 METHODOLOGY 5.4 SELECTION OF PARTICIPANTS 5.5 WORKSHOP DAY 1 5.6 RECESS 5.7 OPERATIONAL CRITERIA 5.8 Workshop Day 2

APPRAISAL INTRODUCTION

5.1 Introduction Section 3 of this study distilled a series of Objectives from national policies combined with specific needs of Edinburgh. Section 4 presented a broad range of Options for the future development of the Central Library. Section 5 of this study is in large part a record of workshops where a panel of informed participants appraised the Options presented in section 4. The evaluation of the Options is not a simple scored comparison of the Objectives against the Options. It is obvious that not all of the Objectives are relevant in evaluating the Options. To facilitate the Appraisal process we introduced a Decision Analyst to facilitate a workshop.

APPRAISAL PHILOSOPHY OF DECISION ANALYSIS

5.2 Philosophy of Decision Analysis Significant design tasks often reach a point when a number of possible options exist for solutions to the design problem and the designer and the client must decide which option is in some way ‘best’. Usually this will involve assessing the performance of each option against a range of criteria and identifying the one with the superior overall performance. The decision makers may attempt to conduct their appraisal by examining the options on a purely qualitative level, noting their various advantages and disadvantages and then endeavouring to synthesise a judgement based on this. However, unless there are quite obvious differences between the options, a qualitative assessment of this kind may not be of much help. Moreover, if the number of items of information which the decision makers must balance in their minds exceeds about seven, the cognitive load imposed is great and would probably exceed their information processing capabilities. In an effort to deal with this problem it is often the practice to convert the qualitative decision problem into a quantitative one by using numbers to describe the performance of each option. For problems of this kind in the public sector, the Green Book published by the ODPM (now the Department of Communities and Local Government) in England and Wales recommends the use of Multi Criteria Analysis as a methodology for assisting decision makers with these complex problems. This is a specialist field that exists at the intersection of micro-economics, operational research and psychology, and uses techniques from each of these fields to help decision makers come to decisions that are rational and justifiable. There are a number of different techniques used by practitioners in the field, and there is a large body of research into different approaches to Multi Criteria Analysis. The Green Book refers to a guide to Multi Criteria Analysis also published by the Department of Communities and Local Government. The methodology applied here followed this guidance and furthermore was applied by the assistance of a facilitator who is an expert in the field of Multi Criteria Analysis. It was considered important to use an expert facilitator for two main reasons: 1. Expert facilitators have at their disposal a range of tools and techniques to help decision makers, and the tool or technique used must be appropriate in the particular decision situation. 2. It is possible for the unwary to mis-apply techniques, resulting in decision models that are at best distorted and at worst completely misleading.

APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY

5.3 Methodology The Multi Criteria Analysis Methodology One of the most common quantitative approaches to option appraisal is the weighted scoring method. The options being assessed are given a set of criteria by which they will be measured. Usually some of these criteria are more important than others, so they are given numerical weights to reflect their relative importance. Each option is then awarded a score on each criterion according to its performance (eg a mark out of 10). The scores on each criterion are then multiplied by the criterion weight, and the total weighted score is then added up. The option with the highest score is the best overall performer. While this methodology appears simple in principle, there are many pitfalls in its application. The Guide to Multi Criteria Analysis describes some of these and it describes some techniques for applying the methodology correctly. The method followed in this exercise adhered to the best practice described in the guide, but it also went further in applying techniques at various stages developed in the field of decision analysis with the help of the expert facilitator. The main steps in the analysis are described below.

5.3.1 Selection Of Criteria Criteria are best selected by reference to the options under consideration. Although it seems obvious, it is important to remember that the object of the appraisal process is to find the best overall option from among the candidates. The criteria must therefore: differentiate between the options apply to all of the options include all of the important facets of the decision be capable of measurement in some way A simple and powerful technique developed in the field of psychology called Personal Construct Theory was used to help with defining the set of criteria. The implementation of this involved the use of triadic comparison wherein the decision makers were asked to compare the options in groups of three, and to explain how two of the options are alike, yet different from the third. This technique, used with proper guidance, can produce a criterion set that automatically satisfies the first three requirements listed above. The measurement requirement can be more difficult, but a skilled analyst can assist the decision makers in producing measurable attributes by breaking down intangible attributes into sub-attributes that are often more easily measured.

APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY

5.3.2 Specification Of Criterion Values Specifying criterion values or ‘scores’ is the next step in the process. This step is fraught with problems of what is termed measurement bias, however an analyst can elicit reliable values using methods that reduce these problems. Anchored rating scales coupled with graphic representations of the translation from underlying measurement scale to value (score) known as value functions were used to produce reliable assessments of value for each option on each attribute.

5.3.3 Specification Of Criterion Weights A concept that is difficult to grasp by the uninitiated is that weights have no intrinsic meaning at all. The most ‘important’ criterion will not necessarily have the highest weight. The weights entirely depend upon the measurement scales established for the criteria as described above, and they define trade-offs between the values on these scales. In this exercise the analyst asked a series of trade off questions that established the relative weightings of the criterion value scales. During the questioning process the number of trade-off questions were over-specified so that consistency of judgement was tested, and inconsistency was explored and addressed if necessary. In order for the Multi Criteria Analysis model of the decision to be valid, it must be possible for the decision makers to trade off freely between the criteria in the model, all the way from their worst values to their best values. The technical term for this is additive difference independence. It is essential for the decision model to work correctly that this condition is satisfied. The analyst checked for this during his trade-off questioning procedure. If the condition is not satisfied, this usually means that an option is being considered that should not in fact be among the options at all, or it means that two or more attributes are interacting because they are standing for more than their given meanings. If this interaction occurs it is often solved by finding the attribute that is missing from the set and thereby de-coupling the interacting attributes.

5.3.4 Analysis Of Total Weighted Scores Determining the total weighted scores for each option is straightforward arithmetic once the above steps in the procedure have been completed, however the analysis process does not stop there. Generally the construction of these decision models is difficult, involving many judgements with incomplete information at each stage. It is prudent to test the sensitivity of the outcome of this procedure to uncertainties in the input data. This sensitivity analysis is a way of finding out how robust the decision in favour of a particular option really is. In this exercise the analyst re-visited certain components in the Multi Criteria Analysis model to test out with the decision makers the effect of changing the inputs of values and weights on the overall decision. It may be that the decision is sensitive to several things, implying that the decision is not clear cut. On the other hand it may

APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY

be found that it is quite robust, not changing even although the inputs are modified to reflect the limits of uncertainty. In this instance it was found that the rank ordering of the top three options was robust to this analysis.

5.3.5 Application of the methodology The application of the Multi Criteria Analysis methodology demands a concentrated effort on the part of the decision makers, aided by a decision analyst who is skilled in the various techniques required at each stage in the methodology. The practical circumstances in which the methodology is applied depends very much on the nature of the decision problem and the context. It is essential that the key decision makers are part of the process. They must understand the options being put forward, and they must have the expertise between them to understand the decision context so that they can assess scores and weights correctly. A model which has emerged over several applications of the method is the split two day intensive workshop, and that was the arrangement applied in this exercise. This seems to work well in most situations. The two day period is often long enough in total to carry out the analysis; it is usually possible for the key decision makers to set aside this amount of time for the process; and the break between the days allows the decision makers and the design team to reflect on the process so far and carry out research in preparation for the second day. In this exercise the two day workshop was organised on the following programme: Day one Introduction of MAVT process Study of the Objectives and Options under consideration Selection of Constructs Recess: to formulate Operational Criteria

Day two Review of Operational Criteria Specification of Attribute values Specification of attribute weights Analysis of total weighted scores

APPRAISAL SELECTION OF PARTICIPANTS

5.4 Selection of Participants Invitations were made to eight people who had some involvement with or understanding of libraries and their cultural significance. The choice of invitations was intended to result in a variety of specialist roles to give the panel a breadth of knowledge and experience. The majority of the participants have senior positions within City of Edinburgh Council to ensure that those involved in the decisions that affect the future of the Library understand the process involved in this study. The choice was also influenced by the availability of participants and their ability to commit two days of their time to the workshop process. The selected panel were: - Archives & Records Management Manager, Corporate Services Development Quality Manger, City Development – Museums Manager Central Library & Information Services Manager, Services for Communities - Library Services Manager, Services for Communities Angela Leitch - Head of Performance & Community Engagement Services, Services for Communities - Senior Partner LDN Architects LLP - Group Leader, Asset Development, City Development

As preparation for the workshops the participants were given a final draft of this study (Sections 1-4) in advance of the workshops days.

APPRAISAL WORKSHOP DAY 1

5.5 WORKSHOP DAY 1: 29 MARCH 2007

5.5.1 Introduction to the Multi Criteria Analysis Methodology The decision analyst outlined the process for the participants and explained the key steps on both the first and the second days, and what would be required of the participants during the break in between.

5.5.2 Explanation on development of Objectives and Options The participants were introduced to the Objectives (see section 3) with explanation of their development from policy guidance and specific needs of Edinburgh Central Library. The panel were introduced to the Options (see section 4) with explanation of their development from the broadest range of possible solutions, and the key advantages and limitations of each Option were described.

5.5.3 Generation of Value Constructs Under guidance of the facilitator the participants proceeded to create a set of value constructs that captured the key ways in which they perceived value in the options, and differentiated among the options in their view. (These constructs would lead to the creation of criteria on the second workshop day). The analyst guided the participants through the process using the Personal Construct Theory triadic comparison technique. This resulted in a long list of possible constructs, many of which were merely re-statements of others or which, on further reflection, did not differentiate between the options sufficiently. This long list was then reduced to a short list that was represented as a Repertory Grid that summarised these remaining constructs and indicated how each option was viewed on each construct as being towards the positive pole or negative pole. The repertory grid produced in this exercise is shown in figure 1. This part of the methodology took up the first day. It took this time on this occasion as on others because it is the most difficult part of the exercise in many ways. The fundamental structure of the decision problem is determined at this point, and the way in which value is perceived on the different options is also set down. Typically this process generates a great deal of discussion amongst the decision makers until they have a shared perception of the decision problem.

APPRAISAL WORKSHOP DAY 1

5.5.4 Record of Value Constructs Consensus repertory grid from Workshop 29 March 2007

OPTIONS CONSTRUCT

1a 1b 1b 1c 1d 2a 2b 2c 2d POSITIVE POLE NEGATIVE POLE i ii (√) (X) X √ X X X √ √ √ √ Central Cultural Loss of Synergy at Hub existing Hub

√ √ X √ X √ √ √ √ Good Geogaphical Poor Geographical Accessibility Accessibility

√ √ √ √ √ X √ √ √ Opportunities Little opportunity for Commericial Partnership

√ √ X √ X √ √ √ √ Contribute to City Detract from City Centre Diversity Centre Diversity

√ √ √ X X √ √ √ √ Positive Heritage Negative Heritage Outcome Outcome

Large Carbon Small Carbon Foot- Footprint print

X X √ X √ X X X X Decentralisation of Centralisation of Cultural Facilities Cultural Facilities

X X X √ √ X √ √ √ Large Contribution Small Contribution to City Profile to City Profile

√ √ √ √ √ X X √ √ Improved Security Poorer Security of of Stock Stock

√ X X √ √ X X X √ Easy to navigate Difficult to navigate building(s) building(S)

X X X √ √ X X X √ Flexibility of Inflexibility of building(s) building(S)

X X X √ √ X X X √ Low disruption High disruption to service during to service during project project

X X X √ √ X X √ √ Combined Split collection collection

√ √ X √ √ √ √ √ √ New opportunity Few opportunities for cultural synergy for cultural synergy

APPRAISAL RECESS

5.6 RECESS During the recess between the two days of the workshops the design team and the decision analyst worked to produce operational criteria from the constructs identified on the first day. Criteria that captured the essence of the constructs and scales were devised that enabled these to be measured whenever possible. Some of the criteria were binary yes/no concepts whereby an option was either good or bad as assessed on that criteria, but most criteria had continuously variable measuring scales with a worst option, a best option, and a number of options between these end anchors. The measuring scales devised in some ways appeared quite prosaic in relation to the higher level construct they were measuring, but what matters in these analyses is that the scales reflect the differences between the options on that criterion, and that they lead to correct preference orders among the options on that criterion. The scales sometimes used surrogate measures which were simpler measures that none the less varied in the same way as the more complex concept. The operational criteria sets and the performance of each option on each criterion produced for this exercise is shown in section 5.7. In parallel with this the design team also prepared budget capital and life- cycle costs for each option.

5.6.1 Development of Criteria The operational Criteria were developed in accordance with the principle of consistent subjectivity: it is difficult to achieve objectivity with these complex criteria but subjectivity applied equally to all criteria should allow a balanced evaluation of the Options. Similarly, the measures and the data used in the criteria need only be sufficiently accurate to allow balanced evaluation between the Options. The data used in the measurement is sufficiently accurate to allow comparison between Options.

5.6.2 Rejection of particular Constructs On consideration of measures for the constructs it became apparent that some constructs were not reliable measures and were dropped from the Criteria list. Carbon Footprint The issues surrounding the environmental impact of a building project are complex and do not lend themselves to simple analysis. While the reuse of existing buildings as opposed to demolition and new build would use less embodied energy, the existing building may well be more expensive to run due to poorer thermal performances. At this stage there is not sufficient information on the Options to differentiate between them. Any of the Options could be made sustainable (although this would be easier for some Options than others) One of the most significant environmental impacts of new buildings is the energy used in the transport of people to buildings. The location of the building relative to the users is important, but this is measured in other Criteria.

APPRAISAL RECESS

Decentralisation of cultural facilities It was considered that this construct was a high level policy decision about the future structure of Edinburgh rather than a measure for the Options. In addition this construct is close to being in opposition to cultural hub, which would cancel each other out. Opportunities for cultural synergy It was considered that this construct does not provide sufficient difference between Options. Any of the Options could offer opportunities for cultural synergy, and it is difficult to say that some offer more than others.

5.6.3 Assumptions made in development of Criteria To comply with the principle of consistent subjectivity certain assumptions were made on the more theoretical Options to allow sensible consideration of the Criteria.

5.6.4 Assumptions made on Location The City Centre location was taken to be the centre of Princes Street as there are no obvious city centre locations that are currently available for use as the library. The city centre location could be anywhere between Haymarket to the top of Leith Walk, Princes Street is in the middle of this area and can be used as a notional ‘average’ for this analysis. The out of town location was taken to be Granton. Other locations (such as Edinburgh Park) could have been used but other out of town locations would have given similar measurements so, for the purposes of the study, the Granton development is a suitable assumption.

5.6.5 Assumptions made on Audience For the Options that considered splitting the collection based on audience usage of different parts of the library we have assumed that 90% of the audience will use the General Collection and 10% will use the Edinburgh Collections. To an extent the audience will be affected by the location of various parts of the library.

5.6.6 Assumptions made on buildings We have assumed that the volume of the theoretical city centre building would be between 6 to 10 storeys. The relatively high cost of land would demand an intensive use of a city centre site. We have assumed that larger accommodation needs, for options that consider the relocation of the General Collections or whole library to the city centre, would be a 10 storey building, where as the smaller accommodation needs of the Edinburgh Collection could be accommodated in a 6 storey building. The height of a particular building will vary depending on a given location but with two storeys below ground a 10 storey building would be of similar scale to recent developments in Princes Street.

APPRAISAL RECESS

We have assumed that the out of centre building would be over 3 storeys. Lower land values would allow a low rise building with larger floor areas. We have assumed that arrangement of larger accommodation needs, options that look at the relocation of General Collections or the whole library are less likely to be arranged over just one or two levels where the footprint would become large and internal travel distances become greater. It has been assumed that the buildings are relatively simple building volumes. For ease of measurement irregularities in the existing buildings have been averaged out to achieve a simple volume. It has been assumed that buildings in town are likely to be contiguous with other buildings on two sides, where buildings built out of town are free standing. Where areas have been used in the Criteria these have been net internal areas. As with other data used the areas are sufficiently accurate to allow comparison between the Options.

5.6.7 Checking of Criteria The measurements developed for the Criteria listed below were considered critically with a ‘sensitivity’ check. Where the measure gave results that were counter intuitive the rules of measurement were reviewed.

APPRAISAL OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7 Operational Criteria

5.7.1 Accessibility The measure for accessibility was taken as a factor of the distances involved: The shorter the distance the more accessible the location. For the purposes of this study distance was measured from St Andrew Square as a notional centre point for transport because it is situated between the bus and train stations. Distances were measured from St Andrews Square to the possible locations of George IV Bridge, City Centre, and Granton. These distances were then weighted using the % of audience travelling to each destination giving a range of values that reflect the relative accessibility of each Option. Options 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d inevitably have the same value for this Criteria. As Edinburgh’s city morphology conforms to the traditional city model with a dense city centre surrounded by a suburban ring, the city centre is the most accessible location for most people. An alternative measure was considered taking a range of journey starting points but similar results were achieved.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.2 Navigability

As with accessibility, the measure for navigability was also taken as a factor of distance: The shorter the distances involved the greater ease of navigability.

It is assumed that each building has its own circulation pattern and is measured individually. The various additional buildings that make up the existing Library have their own circulation patterns and floor levels limit the degree two which they can be integrated. The theoretical maximum distance of travel within each building is from one corner of the lowest level to the opposite corner at the highest level. A distance of 10m is added for each change of floor. The total distance for each Option is the aggregate of each Option. The exception to this rule is options 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d where the extension will be constructed with floor levels that tie through with the existing building so that the extension and existing building can be considered as working together.

This is a simplification of the issues of navigability. In practice the limitations of any given arrangement of buildings can be mitigated with good design. To an extent careful arrangement of new circulation cores could tie together disparate elements. Bridges could be introduced to link between buildings. Floors can be removed and replaced to improve the areas of floor on the same level. Use of lifts and escalators can make the upper floors more accessible. Good signage can overcome a complex circulation pattern. Good design would organise the public areas of the building closer to the main circulation routes so the area is more easily found while service type functions are accommodated further away. However for the purposes of this study it is reasonable to take distance as a measure of the likely navigability of the Options.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.3 Flexibility

The measure for flexibility is taken as an average of net floor area at any given floor level: The greater the area of floor at the same level the better the flexibility allowing the Library to reorganise the collections and facilities in response to changing needs and demands.

It is assumed that where Options comprise of one or more buildings the floor levels will be different and are measured individually. As with Naviga- bility the exception to the rule is Options 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d which will be built so that the floor levels tie through with the existing building and so in terms of flexibility can be considered as one floor level.

This is a simplification of the issues of flexibility. Some buildings work well with a variety of rooms of a fixed size but for libraries the reallocation of collections and facilities between rooms would cause disruption to service and it is more practical to reposition the start of a section within the same floor.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.4 Cultural Hub

The measure for the Cultural Hub was taken as a measure of the distance from the different possible library locations to a number of key cultural institutions. The shorter aggregate distance the stronger the Cultural Hub.

For the purposes of this study we chose 14 of the more significant libraries, museums and galleries in Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland Poetry Library Scottish Storytelling Centre National Museum of Scotland Writers’ Museum The Museum of Edinburgh The Museum of Childhood National Gallery of Scotland Royal Scottish Academy City Arts Centre Fruit Market Gallery Scottish National Portrait Gallery Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art Dean Gallery

Other institutions could have been included: the National Library building in Causewayside; Edinburgh City Archives at the City Chambers; or National Archives of Scotland at West Register House. The definition of culture could have been drawn more widely to include other forms of entertainment. However the results would not have been significantly different had more institutions been included.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.5 Split/ Combine Collection

The inconvenience of having to move between parts of the building is expressed as measure of distance between parts of the library: The greater the distance the more inconvenient the arrangement of buildings.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.6 Security of stock

Measured as balance between areas of existing buildings against new buildings with an additional factor to take account of risk from adjacent buildings: lower the relative risk the better.

This measure assumes that newer buildings can provide better security to stock through modern building methods and fire prevention measures. We have given refurbished buildings a 50% risk and new buildings a 20% risk which is a relative risk developed from discussions with insurance providers.

Adjacent buildings have proven a risk to the library as the maintenance and upkeep of these buildings is out with the control of Central Library. An additional 10% is added for each additional structure.

In theory it should be possible to upgrade an existing building to current standards, although in practice this is more difficult.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.7 Disruption to Service

Measured in the number of months that normal library service will be dis- rupted during the building project: shorter length of time means less disruption to service.

From previous book decant exercises of Library stock ECL estimated that it would take around two months to move the entire library stock. This time frame has been applied to the Options which have different requirements for the movement of books.

In addition with some Options it is inevitable that some of the library would have to be provided in temporary accommodation. It is assumed that this would provide a reduced level of service to that normally provided and so the time spent in temporary accommodation is added at 50%.

There are variations on the possible phasing and temporary accommodation that could be used. For example it may be possible to avoid the need for temporary accommodation in Options 1bi and 1bii by clever phasing of the works. However this is likely to prolong the works and may be more confusing for the audience, adding to disruption (and probably the cost of works)

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.8 City Profile

Measured as a percentage of new build in each option: the more new build the greater the potential to raise the city profile.

APPRAISAL

OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

5.7.9 City Centre Diversity

The nature of this construct was considered ‘polar’; the outcome on city centre diversity could not be easily quantified, but library presence in city centre was good for diversity of activity and the cultural health of the city centre, whereas the loss of a library would leave the mix of activity in the city poorer.

5.7.10 Heritage

The nature of this construct was also considered ‘polar’; the continued use of the George Washington Brown building could not be easily measured, but continued use of the building as a library could be considered a good outcome for the cultural heritage of Edinburgh, whereas loss of the building to another use would be detrimental.

APPRAISAL OPERATIONAL CRITERIA

CITY CENTRE DIVERSITY HERITAGE OF GWB BUILDING improved by the presence of a library maintained by the continued use of the facility in the city centre GWB building as a library

OPTION 1a Relocate General Lending assumed Princes Street location YES YES

OPTION 1bi Relocate Edinburgh Collections (city centre) assume Princes Street location YES YES

OPTION 1bii Relocate Edinburgh Collections (out of centre) assume Granton location YES YES

OPTION 1c Relocate entire Library (city centre) assumed Princes Street location YES NO

OPTION 1d Relocate entire Library (out of centre) assume Granton NO NO

OPTIONS 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are effectively the same for this attribute with the entire library at George IV Bridge YES YES

APPRAISAL WORKSHOP DAY 2

5.8 DAY 2: 2 MAY 2007

5.8.1 Review of Work done on criterion definitions during the Recess

The decision analyst and the design team summarised the work done on producing the most operational criterion set possible with the information and time available to them and the decision makers were given an opportunity to comment on these. The measurement scales devised for defining the performance of each option on these criteria were also explained. Fi- nally, the work in calculating the costs (both capital and life-cycle) for each option that had been done during the recess was explained. The decision makers in the group discarded two criteria at this point as not differentiat- ing between the options after all. Otherwise they indicated that they were content with the criteria definitions and measuring scales developed.

5.8.2 Specification of Value Functions

The decision analyst guided the participants through the process of producing ‘value functions’ for those criteria that were continuously variable. These functions translate the measurement scales previously devised into a ‘score’ between 0 and 10 for each option on each criterion. The value functions were developed using a graphical technique and using the bisec- tion method of finding the mid point in value terms on each option, and then further refining the shape of the graph until the decision makers were content that it accurately reflected their perception of value vs underlying natural measurement.

The set of value functions elicited is shown in figure 3.

5.8.3 Specification of Criterion Weights The decision makers next specified weights for each criterion indirectly by responding to a series of trade-off questions from the analyst (similar to the swing weight method described in the Guide to Multi Criteria Analysis). This in effect enabled the analyst to calibrate one value scale against the other. Through the responses from the participants and with the aid of a computer, the analyst was then able to determine the weights inferred for each attribute. It is normal practice to normalise the weights to sum to a round number such as 1, 10 or 100. The computer model employed in this exercise normalises the swing weights to sum to 100. These normalised weights are shown on the spreadsheet output in figure 4. When the first pass at the weights had been made, the analyst explained the weights to the participants and they were given the opportunity to adjust their judgements when any of the weights appeared inconsistent with each other.

APPRAISAL WORKSHOP DAY 2

5.8.4 Analysis of Weighted Scores for Each Option

The computer model was used to calculate the total weighted score for each option and this was graphed as a scattergram against capital cost and life-cycle cost to assist the participants in determining which of the options is best value for money. The scattergrams of total weighted score vs capital cost is shown in figure 5, and the scattergram for total weighted score vs life cycle cost is shown in figure 6.

It can be seen from the graphs that option 2d appeared to be the best performer as a balance between performance and cost both in terms of capital cost and life-cycle cost over 10 years. This was followed by 1c, 2c and 2b. It was noted by the analyst that option 1a appeared to be an ‘efficient’ option in decision analysis terms as while it did not score as highly as those noted above, it had a lower capital and life-cycle cost. The decision makers concluded however that while this was true, it was judged that it was worth spending the additional money to obtain the improved performance of 2d, 1c or 2c. It was acknowledged however that it would not be worth spending the additional money to obtain the performance of 2b, and 1a may well be preferred over 2b for that reason.

A sensitivity analysis was carried out to test how robust the ranking outcomes of the model were to variations in weights and scores. It was found that the model was robust, with the top three ranked options remaining in their relative positions irrespective of changes to weight and score within the limits that the decision makers were prepared to contemplate.

APPRAISAL

6.0 CONCLUSIONS 6.1 REVIEW OF ANALYSIS 6.2 AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDY 6.3 IMPLEMENTATION

CONCLUSIONS REVIEW OF ANALYSIS

6.1 Review of Analysis

6.1.1 Preferred Options The Options which scored most highly during the formal appraisal process are the group which all include the development of the vacant site to the west of the Central Library, Options 2a, 2b and 2c. These Options include progressively more development of the site, with a concomitant increase in the number of Annexe buildings that can be disposed of as more new floor space is created on the development site. With each step in the amount of new development, the cost increases, but the quality of the finished product improves. It should be noted that this study does not attempt to give values to the buildings that may be disposed of. This should be the subject of further work in establishing the feasibility of developing the most highly scoring Option, Option 2d. It should be noted that although Option 1c scores highly, it does not score as well as Option 2d, and is more costly. It should therefore be regarded as being ‘dominated’ by Option 2d, and not meriting further consideration.

6.1.2 Preferred Development Option

Option 2d : Develop the vacant site to the west of the existing Library to create a new, purpose made facility and link this to the re-developed existing building. Dispose of the existing library Annexees Option 2d scores most highly in comparison to all the other Options. It is more costly than some other Options but most fully satisfies all the development objectives. Importantly, it is not reliant on the acquisition of property or buildings by City of Edinburgh Council and, given that the site is currently owned (falls within the property portfolio of several CEC departments) by CEC it should be possible to ensure that the land is reserved for library use. Option 2d satisfies the development objectives identified in Section 5 as follows: • Potential to reinforce city cultural hub. • Good geographical accessibility. • Good opportunities for commercial partnerships, particularly at Cowgate level. • Good contribution to City centre diversity. • Positive heritage outcome. • Large contribution to City profile. • Improved security of Library stock. • Easy building to navigate. • Flexible building. • Low disruption to service during implementation of project. • All collections in one place. • New opportunities for cultural synergy. The development of the existing site for library use is also a unique opportunity to make a physical connection between the Cowgate and George IV Bridge that will increase the permeability of the townscape to pedestrian movement.

CONCLUSIONS REVIEW OF ANALYSIS

6.1.3 Alternative Development Options

Option 1a : Develop separate lending library in another city centre location by re-using an existing building. Retain the edinburgh Collections at the existing library and dispose of the library Annexees Option 1a appears to offer good value, although it does not score as highly as others. This Option does offer the exciting prospect of locating part of the library service in a different type of setting where it could complement the retail environment of, for example, Princes Street. By re-locating the lending library to such a location, the pressure on available space in the existing Library building would be reduced and this would allow it to be re- developed to offer an ideal environment for the Edinburgh Collections There are limitations to the viability of this Option as follows: Option 1a appears to offer good value, although it does not score as highly as others. There are some limitations to the viability of this Option. Availability of land: Edinburgh is a compact dense city with a thriving economy; there are few obvious available sites/ buildings. Land value: The cost of land and value of property was deliberately omitted from consideration in this study. Land values are site sensitive and are to a degree dependant on how much they are worth to the buyer. The buoyant economy limits competition for available buildings and makes prediction of land value difficult. While all land in the city centre is of considerable value, the most accessible areas such as Princes Street/ George Street attract a premium for their retail value. The costs of land/ buildings is a significant unknown variable for this Option. Costs: While the costs in this study are all approximate, based on limited information, the costs of the more theoretical Options are less exact than others. The costs stated in this study for Option 1a assume that an existing building can be reused as a library with out major structural or external alterations. The actual costs of redevelopment of a particular building may be much greater than assumed for the purposes of this study. It may be useful to conduct a separate study to consider the feasibility of this Option. Given the intense use of land within the centre of Edinburgh the success of this Option would require a degree of serendipity in the timely relocation of a large bank/ building society or department store to make a location available.

CONCLUSIONS AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDY

6.2 AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDY

6.2.1 A Business case analysis could consider revenue that could be generated through library activity and broader cultural financial benefits of better library facilities.

6.2.2 A survey of potential users could help reinforce the need for change and also the brief for a new library.

CONCLUSIONS IMPLEMENTATION

6.3 IMPLEMENTATION

6.3.1 Phased construction Consideration needs to be given to the costs of a phased development. Phasing of works inherently costs more than construction in a single phase. Coupled with the cost of building inflation it may be that the cost of a phased construction cannot be justified. It may be more cost effective to complete the works in one phase, even considering commercial loans, than to phase the works. Certain aspects of the development could be done as early phases or enabling works. The establishment of an out of centre store for the books currently held in the less than satisfactory Stacks could free up the stack area for discreet development in advance of later phases. Ultimately phasing of development to the west could determine the built form of the new library, which could be detrimental to the final long term library arrangement. A further consideration is the effect of a long term programme of piecemeal construction on a library audience who would be confused and distracted by a programme of building works over the period of a decade.

CONCLUSIONS Appendix A Existing Areas

CENTRAL LIBRARY

EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY - Table 1 0608 EXISTING AREAS BY LEVEL STRATEGIC OPTIONS DEVELOPMENT STUDY LIBRARY AnnexeE BANK VAULTS TOTALS LEVEL 0 ANCILLARY 410 STORE 425 VACANT 220 VACANT 945 STACK 95 TOTAL 505 425 220 945 2095

LEVEL 0A STACK 95 TOTAL 95 - - - 95

LEVEL 1 BIBLIO 300 STORE 460 VACANT 220 VACANT 950 ANCILLARY 180 STACK 95

TOTAL 575 460 220 950 2205

LEVEL 2 SCOTTISH 330 STORE 460 VACANT 220 VACANT 930 ANCILLARY 90 STORE 120 COMMUNITY 90 STACK 95

TOTAL 725 460 220 930 2335

LEVEL 3 EDINBURGH RM 160 MUSIC 390 VACANT 220 OFFICES 270 LIBRARY LECTURE 60 STACK 95

TOTAL 585 390 220 - 1195

LEVEL 4 LENDING 350 CHILDRENS 80 INTERNET 160 ENTRANCE 150 OFFICES 30 STACK 95

TOTAL 595 110 160 - 865

LEVEL 5 OFFICES 60 STORE 45 RARE BOOKS 25 STACK 95 TOTAL 180 45 - - 225

LEVEL 6 REFERENCE 465 OFFICE 215 STACK 95

TOTAL 560 - 215 - 775

LEVEL 6A STACK 95 OFFICE 90

TOTAL 95 - 90 - 185

LEVEL 6B STACK 95

TOTAL 95 - - - 95

LEVEL 7 FINE ARTS 80 FINE ART 185 AnnexeE OFFICE 20

TOTAL 80 - 205 - 285

MAIN TOTALS 4090 1890 1550 2825 10355 EDINBURGH CENTRAL LIBRARY - Table 2 0608 EXISTING AREAS BY USE STRATEGIC OPTIONS DEVELOPMENT STUDY LIBRARY AnnexeE BANK VAULTS TOTALS PUBLIC SPACES SCOTTISH 330 MUSIC 390 FINE ART 185 COMMUNITY 90 CHILDRENS 80 INTERNET 160 EDINBURGH 160 LECTURE 60 LENDING 350 ENTRANCE 150 REFERENCE 465

TOTAL 1605 470 345 2420

STORE ART AnnexeE 80 STORE 425 RARE BOOKS 25 STORE 460 STACK 950 STORE 460 STORE 120 STORE 45

TOTAL 1175 1390 2575

OFFICES OFFICES 270 OFFICES 30 OFFICES 215 OFFICES 60 OFFICES 90 OFFICES 20

TOTAL 330 30 325 685

ANCILLARY ANCILLARY 410 ANCILLARY 180 ANCILLARY 90 TOTAL 680 680

BIBLIO BIBLIO 300

TOTAL 300 300

VACANT VACANT 220 VACANT 945 VACANT 220 VACANT 950 VACANT 220 VACANT 930 VACANT 220 TOTAL 880 2825 3705

MAIN TOTALS 4090 1890 1550 2825 10355 Appendix B Required Areas

CENTRAL LIBRARY all areas are in square meters ENTRANCE/ EXPRESS/METRO LIBRARY/ new book 5 adult books 15 teenage graphic novels 10 CDs 15 DVDs 100 Newspapers 50 coffee shop 100 self services issue terminals 50 internet access 50 no growth total 395

Issues return area RFID technology 100 storage with automated book return machinery ( freight lifts required)

CHILDREN’S LIBRARY Children’s books - items: lending: 5000 approx assuming a mixture of shelves (3No shelves high) for 4000 items at 195 items/m2 20 kinder boxes for 1000 items at 126 items/m2 10 Informal reading with Sofas 50 Enquiry area: 15 Exhibition space 15 Buggy park 20 Creche to operate part time. catering for up to 8no children. 30 Children’s toilets and baby changing facilities located near 10 say 10m2 Play/activity areas 120 no growth total 290 GENERAL COLLECTIONS items: 250,000 approx at 97 items/m2 2600 Enquiry areas 40 total 2640

READING/ STUDY AREAS for around 300 readers in cafe culture environment (part of this could be the reference room) total 900

CENTRAL LIBRARY Sound and Vision - CDs/ DVD/s interactive media centre leading into arts 200

ARTS

FINE ART Art books - items: 47,000 Octavos: 23 100 items 170 Quartos: 19 375 items 185 periodicals: 7 700 items 60 Folios: 21 linear metres (large format 20 Videos: 9 linear meters of shelf 5 DVDs: 4 linear meters 5 Allowance for retail type display 70 Enquiry area 15 exhibition space 30 studio space for demonstrations 20 study space for 20 people 40 Artist in Residence. 20 Growth: 1500 items / 20 linear meters p.a.over 25 years 300 total 940

MUSIC DANCE AND DRAMA Scores/ sheet music 40 books, 39,300 items 335 quattro oversize: 2000 items 20 CDs: 15,000 items 120 DVD: 600 items 10 Listening area with sofas 40 music practice rooms - 4000 scores 30 miniature scores: 1800 items 10 Vocal Sets 50 linear metres 40 Storeage for multiple copies of scores 30 Enquiry area: 15 Future Growth around 700 volumes/ 13m p.a. 130 total 820

FILM Books 60 DVDs 20 total 80 LECTURE/ PERFORMANCE SPACE Performance space with audience space for 120 total 150

CENTRAL LIBRARY CITY OF LITERATURE books 150 Exhibition space 50 reading writing development activities total 200

RARE BOOKS Special book collection - items: 30,000 (assume rolling stack) 80 Exhibition space 100 Consultation rooms 30 repair/ photo graphic 90 total 300

LOCAL STUDIES/ FAMILY HISTORY books 50 000 items 510 newspapers 120 folios 40 plans 30 microfilm readers 25 interpretation and consultation rooms 100 storage 400 secure storage 100 total 1325 CROSS CUTTING/ CREATIVE PARTNERSHIP SPACE Learning & Skills technology suite and interactive learining 300 space Councillors meeting rooms 200 Community space: meeting rooms for hire 400 total 900

ASSISTED LEARNING RESOURCE CENTRE Space for 1:1 learning Office accommodation for Translation services total 150

CENTRAL LIBRARY ROOF TOP CAFE seating area for 200 200 counter area 25 kitchen area 5 store 10 staff room & lockers 12 staff toilets 5 Exhibition area 25 public toilets male: 2cubicle & 4no urinals (at 3m per cubicle+urinal) 18 female: 6 cubicles (at 4m per cubicle) 24 accessible: WC1no 3 Garden (seasonal use) 100m2 total 330

STAFF AREAS/ ANCILARY FUNCTIONS number of staff say 75 total staff meeting rooms: say 3no at 10m and 2no at 25m 80 Open Plan admin area for 12 people 100 training areas 50 toilets 15 Quiet rest room 20 Offices: say 5no offices at 20m 100 staff changing & shower: 25 staff kitchen with additional fridge/ freezer capacity 30 Staff room 30 Locker area 20 IT support 20 server room 10 total 500

STORAGE rolling stacks at 375 items/m2 total 1 000 PUBLIC TOILETS assuming an adudience of 800 and 50:50 mix male 2 cubicles and 6 urinals (at 3m2 per cubicle+urinal) 18 gives 18m2 female 14 cubicles (at 4m2 per cubicle) gives 56m2 56 accessible toilets approx 2no per floor (3.3m2 each), 53m2 53 baby changing facilities: approx 5m2 5 adult changing facilities: approx 6m2 6 First Aid room: approx 6m2 6 total 150

CENTRAL LIBRARY LOADING BAY Vehicle delivery area 50 Secure storage (for music scores etc) say 15m2 15 total 100

subtotal 11 470

Circulation 2 500

Services 700

Structure/ building fabric 300

total 14 970

CENTRAL LIBRARY Appendix C Spatial Diagrams

CENTRAL LIBRARY

Appendix D Discussion on Old Town morphology and current developments

CENTRAL LIBRARY OLD TOWN MORPHOLOGY

Morphology (architecture), the study of the shape and form of buildings.

Much has been written about the development of the Old Town. The notes below discuss those aspects of the evolution of the Old Town into a building pattern or morphology. The development of Edinburgh Old Town has much in common with the development of other scottish towns. 12 or 13 century settlements were organised around a High Street which operated as a market place. With Edin- burgh this High Street followed the ridge of the hill leading up to the Castle. Tofts (house plots) were arranged along either side of the High Street and their plots stretched down each side of the ridge. At Edinburgh the width of the plot varied, the average width was around 22 feet 4 inches, 6.76 metres. As with many other towns a service lane or Cowgate ran along the foot of the Tofts. By the 16 century Tofts became more heavily developed with the buildings on the plots behind the original buildings facing onto the High Street. As Tofts reached saturation point additional space was added by building upwards. Access between the buildings facing onto the High Street to the buildings behind became known as Closes. During the 17th century some of the timber buildings were replaced by stone tenements. This was in part because of improved quarrying techniques with the use of gunpowder, in part because the close proximity of building encouraged fires, and in part because the supplies of timber were becoming depleted. The replacement of older buildings with new followed the 12th century close pattern. The form and detail on the buildings varied greatly: external stairs, corbels, circular and octagonal trunpile stairs, chimneys, crow stepped gables. Materials varied also with mixtures of timber boarding arranged vertically, horizontal and diagonally. Timber frame construction allowed for horizontal runs of windows. Stone walls had vertical windows which could have straight lintels, shallow or gothic arches. More important entrances had decorative stonework with engravings or armorial inscrip- tions. Roofs could be thick scottish slate or red pantiles imported. Buildings were adorned with canopies, dovecotes, rabbit boxes, window boxes and clothes lines stretching across the closes. The incremental nature of the building work resulted in such diversity, even within the same building. By the 19th century the living conditions in many of the closes was poor. Some buildings were lost through demolition, other areas through fire, and some through neglect and collapse. The expanding city required better road connections and North Bridge and George IV Bridges were driven through the Old Town fabric. The interventions of Victoria Street and Cockburn Street were more sensitive to the character of the Old Town.

CENTRAL LIBRARY The construction of the New Town had both negative and positive effects on the Old Town. With the construction of the New Town much of the wealth and investment in buildings moved out of the historic centre. Para- doxically this may have helped to preserve the character of the Old Town

THE LOCAL PLAN The current Local Plan for Edinburgh has been issued in draft: www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/environment/planning_buildings_i_i_/ planning/planning_policies/local_plans/CEC_edinburgh_city_local_plan. 4.8 ‘Planning permission will be granted for development where it is demonstrated that the proposal will create or contribute towards a high quality, sustainable living or working environment. Design should be based on an overall design concept that draws upon positive characteristics of the surrounding area to create or reinforce a sense of place, security and vital- ity.

GRASSMARKET stage: planning The need for re-landscaping of the Grassmarket was highlighted by Mal- colm Fraser Architects. (www.malcolmfraser.co.uk) . The project is to be implemented by Guillespies landscape (www.gillespies.co.uk) http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1226&id=956742006 The design requires the removal of parked cars from the Grassmarket to King Stables road (where they could be parked end on). This makes more space for public events as well as the cafes and bars along the north side of the plaza. Significantly for the Library it moves one of the local carparks further from the Library. The Grassmarket was named in the draft local plan as a priority for redesign.

SOCO (FORMER GUILDED BALLOON BUILDING DESTROYED BY FIRE) Alan Murray Architects for Whiteburn The design achieves a relatively dense use of the site by continuing the scale of the buildings facing South Bridge onto the Cowgate. The elevation to the Cowgate is broken into several parts differentiated with changes in material, form and fenestration patterns. One of the forms has an oval plan and sits at the end of foot of Blair Street. Parts of the building are set back to make more space at pavement level. The building provides a pedestrian link between South Bridge and Cowgate levels.

CENTRAL LIBRARY PARLIAMENT HOUSE REDEVELOPMENT Phase 1a complete, other phases on hold. In 1999 LDN Architects were commissioned to masterplan the development of Parliament House. Working with a complex existing arrangement of historically significant buildings and additions, LDN planned a staged redevelopment of Judges’ Chambers, Library, Courts and ancillary spaces. The form of the additions reflect the vertical emphasis and density of the Old Town. The typical close morpology of the Old Town was not broken between St Giles and the Cowgate.

THE BRIDGE Stage: planning granted cost: £34 Alan Murray Architects for Kilmartin and HBOS This mixed use development includes a hotel, retail space and a branch for HBOS. Facing onto the Lawnmarket the treatment of the elevation has been varied to make the scale of new building more sympathetic to the scale of the adjacent buildings. While the new building is clearly of a modern style the fenestration pattern on the smaller section of this elevation appears to be random, which attempts to relate to the medieval buildings. Facing onto Victoria Street the new building follows the curve of the street and terminates Victoria Terrace with an arcade. The existing Lothian Regional Council Headquarters by RMJM 1968 is of its time. The horizontal emphasis, large scale and material choice concede little to the Lawnmarket.

CENTRAL LIBRARY CALTON GATE Stage: planning The Calton Gate development on the site of the former new street bus depot. Alan Murray Architects for Mountgrange The development is a substantial redevelopment in the Old Town covering an area from the High Street to Regents Road. The development includes hotel, residential and retail space and forms new pedestrian routes from the High Street to Calton Road. The scheme is currently being revised after consultation from planning. Planners have asked developers to make significant changes to the masterplan to ensure that the character of the Old Town is not compromised. The design introduces new roads which give the development a more open character which is arguably less dense than the close morphology that more typifies the Old Town. Conservation groups welcomed the review. www.caltongate.com (http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1226&id=889832006)

CENTRAL LIBRARY

Appendix E Discussion on site to the west of Central Library

CENTRAL LIBRARY GEORGE IV BRIDGE Constructed 1827 -1834 (named in honour of King George IV who visited Edinburgh in 1822. The vaulted structure has been infilled at the sides and accessed from buildings on either side. At the corner of the Lawnmarket on the West side of the road are the now empty Edinburgh City Council offices built in 1968 by RMJM. Soon to be replaced by a mixed use scheme (see Current Developments in the Old Town. Between Victoria Street and the Cowgate at No3 the former Bank of Scotland building by John Henderson 1836-7 in the Old Flemish Style, now part of Central Library, see Conservation Plan by LDN. Beyond the Cowgate Nos 9-16 by R Thornton Shiells 1868, (accommodates Children’s and Music Library at lower levels). On the East Side The National Library of Scotland, originally designed by Reginald Fairlie 1934-36, it was completed 1950-5 by A.R. Conlon.

VICTORIA STREET and VICTORIA TERRACE

Constructed 1829-34 by Thomas Hamilton. Victoria Street replaced the precipitous West Bow which had connected with the Lawnmarket with a more gradual rise to the recently completed George IV Bridge. Victoria Terrace picks up various Closes that drop down from Castle Hill and the Lawnmarket. At the junction of The Upper Bow and Victoria Terrace are steps that connect with Victoria Street below. Below the Terrace, on the south side of Victoria Street, are the India Buildings 1864 by David Cousin in the Scots Renaissance style. The lower floors are currently used by the Espionage club which also has escape and access to the Cowgate to the rear. (private road?). The former St Johns Church 1838-40 by George Smith is currently used as Finnigans Wake bar and the Liquid Rooms club (owned by Scottish and Newcastle). The Liquid Rooms open out at the rear onto a beer garden which overlooks the site.

COWGATE At the corner with the West Bow is the former Greyfriars Hotel 1930 by E.J. MacRae, now flats. Adjacent is the former Cowgatehead Free Church 1861 currently used as a clinic. Between the Church and the Central Library is a carpark with portakabins used by the Library. On the south side of the Cowgatehead is the Magdalen Chapel built 1541-4 with the steeple added 1620.

CENTRAL LIBRARY CLOSES

Anderson’s Close lies directly to the west of the site. Its current state is unattractive with wheelie bins blocking the south entry. There are no entrances from the close and no activity to give it life. Edmonstone’s Close is accessed from the West Bow. The buildings that sit between Edmonstone’s and Anderson’s Closes were formerly used at a theatre venue for the Traverse Theatre and more recently the Stepping Stones Theatre. The buildings have been recently converted back to flats. John Ainslies map (circa 1780) names several closes that run from the Cow- gatehead towards the Lawnmarket but these seem to have fallen out of use. Blocked up openings in Victoria Street may have provided access to Closes behind.

CENTRAL LIBRARY

Appendix F Literary Heritage

CENTRAL LIBRARY

Appendix G Report from meeting with Planning

CENTRAL LIBRARY LDN Architects

CENTRAL LIBRARY STRATEGIC OPTIONS DEVELOPMENT STUDY 0608

Notes of meeting with CEC Planning Department on 31.08.06

Present: CEC Planning LDN Architects

1.0 BACKGROUND TO CURRENT STUDY

explained that LDN had been commissioned by CEC to extend the findings of the 2003 report in to the ongoing use of the Central Library. The report will review the potential of the existing building, and the vacant site to the west, to accommodate an enhanced library service equal to those of other major UK cities. The report will also review whether all or part of the services currently available at the Central Library should be located elsewhere in the City.

2.0 LIBRARY LOCATION

2.1 • Other possible locations for the whole Library or parts of the library service.

advised that there is no absolute reason, in Planning terms, why the Central Library would have to remain in the existing building. The fact that it is central to Edinburgh is perhaps the most compelling, in that it offers services to both visitors and residents in a central location. It is also difficult to envisage another use to which the Library could be put without undermining its heritage significance. This would be an important consideration in relation to proposals to move the entire service elsewhere.

It was noted that the Central Library is one of many buildings in the Old Town that accommodates cultural and educational uses. These include the libraries and academic buildings of Edinburgh University, colleges, schools, churches, courts and City Council facilities. Collectively, they create a City Quarter in which their proximity to one another creates a coherent urban identity, and in which their individual functions are mutually supported. This coherence would be diminished by the loss of the library to the Old Town.

In relation to the possibility of positioning parts of the service in other locations, IS advised that there would be no absolute presumption against this and agreed that the retail hub of Princes Street would be a very interesting proposition in terms of attracting users to a re-invented ‘metro’ style informal lending library. agreed that this might allow the Central Library to more effectively compete with the kind of attractive offer available in bookshops.

advised that other city locations would benefit from having some cultural component within the development mix. The waterfront developments currently underway would be enhanced by the incorporation of civic buildings and there might be the opportunity to create links with other institutions such as the Royal Museum at their Conservation Centre.

went on to discuss the possibility of identifying links with other developments, highlighting the potential for the library to occupy parts of building developments that might be of secondary importance to the main purpose of the development. For example, at Kings Stables Road, there might exist the potential for the library to house part of its collection in less commercially attractive levels of new buildings on lower floors. offered to host a workshop session to explore this sort of potential with other colleagues in CEC. LDN Architects

3.0 PHYSICAL IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON COWGATE SITE

• Scale of necessary development at Cowgate.

IS agreed that the site immediately to the west of the Central Library is capable of accommodating a substantial development. A large development would, of course, have a visual impact on adjacent sites. A large building would, inevitably, be highly visible from Greyfriar’s Churchyard but this would re-establish an appropriate grain and density, which is missing on the vacant site at present.

• Over shadowing of adjacent properties -which are most sensitive?

It will be necessary to consider the massing of a new building in relation to the daylight requirements of adjacent properties. CEC published guidance should be followed.

• Maximum acceptable height.

advised that the acceptable height of any proposed development would be dependent on the detailed nature of the proposals. However, it will be essential to carefully consider the impact of any new mass on the roof form of the George Washington Browne building. The pyramidal roof of the Reference Library is a unique and particularly distinctive reference point on the Edinburgh skyline. It would be necessary to identify important, distant views of this roof to ensure that they will not be obscured by any new building mass. LDN have already done some work in this regard that will inform recommendations about building height.

went on to say that it might be desirable for the roof-scape of any new building to itself provide a means of orientation for visitors to the wider context of Edinburgh, perhaps with rooftop terraces.

4.0 TRAFFIC POLICIES • George IV Bridge. Future transport plans – one-way systems? • Could the Cowgate be made more pedestrian friendly? Speed restrictions? Pedestrian Crossing? • Availability of on street parking for library users and accessible parking. • Future plans for pedestrianisation of Grassmarket and Chamber Street. • Planning attitude to on site parking for library employees, library users and accessible parking/ family parking.

advised that CEC would welcome proposals that would improve the environment for pedestrians at Cowgate level where the pavement is particularly narrow. This might include proposals to emphasise pedestrian priority at the junction of Candlemaker Row.

stated that there would no prohibition of some parking being provided within the curtilage of a new development, particularly if a case could be made to include provision for family, staff and accessible spaces. It would be necessary to carefully consider the design of entry points relative to the geometry of the road and the available sightlines. IS suggested that the type of parking provision being considered should be profiled and that this should be discussed with the Traffic Section. It should not be assumed that disabled parking could be made available at George IV Bridge level.

confirmed that there are indeed plans under discussion that would entail the full or partial pedestrianisation of Chambers Street and the Grassmarket if they were realised. He did not envisage the Cowgate becoming fully pedestrianised at all times.

LDN Architects

5.0 OLD TOWN CLOSE MORPHOLOGY

• Planning policy on Closes in relation to the Cowgatehead. • Is it more important to retain the exact line of the Close or to make the Close safer? • Should closes be open to the public at all times or should gates be used at night to improve safety?

welcomed proposals that would open up existing closes to safe pedestrian movement within the overall site bounded by the Cowgate, Victoria Street and George IV Bridge. He would generally support physical change of the sort that would increase the permeability of quarters of the City. In this instance, this could include vertical connections between the Cowgate and George IV Bridge within an expanded library. It was noted that a new building could be configured to open up routes or even create new public space related to internal uses of the enlarged library.

CEC would favourably view proposals that acknowledge the historic close pattern within a new building form if such an approach would provide a workable building diagram.

suggested that Closes should not be closed at night but that they should be configured, where possible, to avoid creating potentially dangerous blind corners.

6.0 ALTERATIONS TO THE EXISTING BUILDING

• Key spaces of architectural value inside the existing building. • Alterations at George IV Bridge entrance.

agreed that any proposals to alter the existing library building should follow and acknowledge the relative significance of different aspects of the interior. For example, alterations should not be allowed to affect the architectural integrity of the Reading Room. In other less significant spaces there may be more latitude for change – particularly where the building has already been subjected to inappropriate or insensitive alteration.

Appendix H Report from meeting with CEC stakeholders (Services for Communities)

CENTRAL LIBRARY

LDN Architects

2.04 SFC said that Planning would also be incorporated with Services for Communities and that there would be representatives from Planning on the boards of the Partnership.

2.05 ECL described the likely departmental structure within SFC. Under ‘Community Information & Engagement’ (working title) there would be a series of managers including a Libraries manager. The managers would also have responsibilities within an area Partnership. This matrix management structure should provide a more integrated service that the traditional ‘Silo’ structure.

3.00 NEXT MEETING

3.01 ECL to arrange a meeting with Mark Turley.

Distribution:

LDN Architects 16 Dublin Street Edinburgh EH1 3RE

11 September 2006 Appendix I Sub Services Plan

CENTRAL LIBRARY August 2007

CENTRAL LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES SUB SERVICE PLAN 2007-2010

1.1.1. SERVICE INFORMATION

Services for Communities Central Library is part of the Performance and Community Engagement Division in the Services for Communities Department. Its core business is to provide access to a wide range of information and learning resources.

Cultural Significance Opened in 1890, Edinburgh’s Carnegie Central Library is a landmark building located close to the heart of Edinburgh’s World Heritage Site. It is one of the City Council’s major cultural assets. Its importance within the city’s cultural infrastructure is increasing with Edinburgh’s designation as the first UNESCO City of Literature.

Central Library contains unique collections of national importance centred on those of the Edinburgh Room and Scottish Library and ranks among Scotland’s busiest lending libraries. Attracting over 450,000 visitors a year, the Library is used by residents, visitors and researchers for its lending, information, study and research facilities.

Moving into the 21st century, the Central library has adapted, altered and expanded its services in response to changing needs. Recent successes have included the implementation of the People’s Network providing the public with free Internet access. In developing virtual services, recent funding awards from the Cities Growth Fund and Edinburgh World Heritage will make the Library’s rich store of images accessible to world wide audiences on the Web. The Library service has also recently joined Enquire, a UK wide virtual public reference and information service.

Conservation Plan and Option Appraisal Study Notwithstanding these successes, Central Library building presents a major challenge. Reports to the Council Executive have detailed the need for an extensive upgrade and re-modelling of the building and its services if it is to become, once again, the city’s flagship public library in the world’s first UNESCO City of Literature.

The findings of a Conservation Plan were endorsed by the City Council in 2005 and LDN Architects will be completing an Option Appraisal Study during 2007. This will enable the Council to decide on the most viable way of re-modelling Central Library for the 21st century. When a preferred option is agreed, the costs will be multi-million and it will be necessary to put in place a phased funding and planning implementation strategy.

While this long term strategy is being progressed, Library staff will continue, within the constraints of the current building complex, to work with partners to develop Central Library as a cultural hub in Edinburgh’s vibrant city centre.

In this context, the ongoing implementation of local Neighbourhood Management arrangements during 2007 is creating new opportunities to engage effectively with and meet the needs of local people in the Central Community Planning Area.

1.1.2. SERVICE PROFILE

Knowledge, Information and Inspiration for All Central Library offers access to a wide range of cultural opportunities with a mission to provide knowledge, information and inspiration for all. The Library is a cornerstone of Edinburgh’s public library network. This comprises 26 community libraries, 4 mobile libraries and a range of specialist services including those to people from minority ethnic communities and disabled people. For Edinburgh residents, the local library acts as a gateway to the wider library resources available locally, nationally and internationally. They both use and are referred to Central Library for more in-depth lending and information resources than those available locally.

The strength of its collection, universal access policies and physical proximity to other major libraries including NLS, Edinburgh College of Art and Edinburgh University place Central Library at the heart of the city’s knowledge society. In ensuring that people have seamless access to resources, the subject expertise and knowledge management skills of staff facilitate a complementary approach to building and maintaining collections with partner libraries.

The subject collections and services of Central Library augment those which the public can access through the community library network. These are grouped within 3 administrative areas which encompass:

Art & Music The Art Library offers the most extensive public collection of printed material on art and design in Edinburgh. The collection includes books, exhibition catalogues, magazines, press cuttings and multi media formats on art, architecture, design and photography. The service meets the needs of users looking for information on a diverse range of subjects from studying the buildings of the Old and New Town, finding out about digital media design and reading up on Andy Warhol before or after a visit to the festival exhibition.

The Music Library offers one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of material on music and dance in the UK. CDs, DVDs, books, sheet music and magazines cover all types of music and dance and information is available on local amateur music societies, vocal and instrumental teachers and events. The Library also supplies sets of choral and orchestral music to local music societies, schools and churches.

Edinburgh & Scottish The Edinburgh Room is the most comprehensive collection of published material in the world about Edinburgh. It is a treasure trove of information on Edinburgh’s towns, villages, history, people and the events of Scotland’s capital.

The Scottish Library has information about Scottish life, history and culture including books, maps, videos, newspapers, journals and illustrations as well as a huge genealogical resource. The Library is part of the Scottish Parliament library partner network.

Lending & Reference The Central Lending Services include the Main Lending Library, Children’s Library and Learning Centre.

The Lending Library is a gateway to City of Literature with novels, short stories and fiction in community and foreign languages together with literary biographies. With a stock of c70,000 items, the information stock covers a huge range of subjects from alternative therapies, history and politics to popular science.

The Children’s Library has a range of story and information books, books on tape, large print and bi-lingual picture books. Computers, comics, drawing materials toys and games are also available for use in the Library.

The Learning Centre offers free Internet access, computer taster sessions and space for classes to undertake introductory sessions to using networked and online resources.

The Reference Library offers a comprehensive enquiry and information service with a large stock of books, journals and newspapers covering subjects of current and historical interest. These include an expanding range of materials in electronic formats. It also has free access to the Internet and study space. The Reference Library provides the “home base” for the new online Enquire surgery service.

Special Collections The special collections housed in Central Library have a significant cultural and heritage value both locally and nationally. The collections comprise rare books, prints and calotypes. Of particular importance to the history of early photography in Edinburgh are the collections of early calotypes of D O Hill and R Adamson and the Dr Thomas Keith negatives. The collections also contain materials of artistic merit: the Dyer collection includes prints by celebrated Japanese artist Hokusai and James Skene’s watercolour drawings, principally of the Edinburgh Old and New Towns, provide a contemporary representation of the City during the early nineteenth century.

Development plans centre on preserving and adding to existing collections and developing and improving public access to this unique and rare material. The Capital Collections project will include cataloguing, digitisation and an enhanced Internet presence.

Services to Council Equalities Groups. The Library is fully committed to meeting the aims and objectives of the Council’s Equalities policies. The Library has a fully accessible resource centre for disabled people with specialist computer software equipment and one – to- one staff help.

Community Meeting Space Central Library has two meeting spaces which can be booked for public meetings and events. The re-opening of the Conference Room in 2006 is enabling many more community groups and agencies to hold sessions in the Library.

1.1.3. KEY FUNCTIONS AND SERVICES Core services centre on offering:

• a free book lending service to all who live, work and study in the city. • a range of multi media lending materials, including CDs, DVDs, audio books etc as above. • a free information and enquiry service to individuals, groups and agencies. • study and meeting space. • free access to Internet, electronic resources and networked services. • a range of Council information and one stop shop services. • a range of user education services, including talks and visits. • access to lifelong learning and cultural opportunities through displays, promotional activities and initiatives such as an annual Festival of Scottish Writing.

1.1.4 KEY FACTS AND FIGURES

Levels of Use

The contribution that Central Library makes to the strength of the public library network can be seen in the 2006-2007 performance information figures: In analysing these figures, it is important to note that it is predominantly adults who use Central Library. It is in serving this user group that its performance strength lies.

• 473,585 people visited Central Library, 17 % of the network total. While this is a decrease on the previous year, the number of visitors has increased by 8% from 2002-2003. The vast majority of visitors were adults. • Central Library is the highest single issuing service point in the public library network recording 388,265 issues - representing almost 13.5% of all issues from the city library service which totalled 2, 884,016. • When extracting the global children’s and teenage issue, Central Library issued more than 1 in 6 of all items borrowed by adults across the network. 365,201 items were issued to adults accounting for 17% of the total adult issue which was 2,164,139. • More than 1 in 4 of all adult non fiction issues took place at Central Library Central Library accounted for 29% of the total adult non fiction book issue (207112 out of 711,276) and 19% of the total audiovisual items issued. The latter total of 64,898 included spoken word, audio music, language sets and multi media, DVDs and videos and children and teenage audiovisual materials. • 1 in 5 of all Edinburgh City Libraries and Information Services new members joined at Central Library (5004 people out of a total of 24571). This proportion rises when measured against the new adult members total. • As a nexus for enquiries and information referrals, almost half of all recorded enquiries were received there (158,591). • Its contribution to digital inclusion is further evident in the use of the People’s Network with 29% of computer sessions taking place at Central Library (82,333). • In terms of global issues, from the total lending stock of the Central Library, 460,000 items were issued or renewed from locations across the city, including over 22,000 items renewed over the Internet. • The children’s issue of 15,586 continued at comparable levels with those for Sighthill, Balerno and Muirhouse libraries. 7 children joined the Bookstart scheme.

Reasons for Visiting From the findings of the CIPFA Plus Survey 2005, the primary reasons why adults visit Central Library are to get access to resources for reading, information and computer use.

The top three activities are:

• To borrow books (50%) and other media. • To seek/find out information (36%). • To use the People’s Network (29%).

The appeal of the People’s Network and the activity mix of borrowing/ consulting/ studying/ browsing contributes to the Library’s success in attracting repeat visitors.

• 3 out of 10 people (30%) visit more once a week. • Almost 1 in 5 (19%) visit once a week.

Age and Occupational Profile In offering cradle to grave services, the Library attracts adults across all age groups with a fairly even balance between genders and between younger and older users.

• 25-34 year olds comprise almost 1 in 4 of all users.

Older people aged 55+ make up 26% of visitors. Central Library also attracts people from a wide range of occupations:

• 3 in 10 are economically active people in full time employment who form by far the largest group. • 1 in 5 are retired. • Almost 1 in 5 are full time students (17%) . • In relation to social inclusion, more than 1 in 10 adult users are unemployed (12%) which represents a significant grouping.

Ethnic Composition of Users Central Library contributes to the Council’s aims of building a culturally diverse city by attracting people from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds to use its knowledge resources.

The ethnic composition of Central Library users is cosmopolitan:

• Half come from a Scottish ethnic group (50%). • Almost 20% of adults come from another British grouping • A further 30% of users come from any other white background. Visitors also include people from Indian, Pakistani, Chinese, Asian and African backgrounds.

Demographic Profile The relationship between Central Library’s city centre location and the demographic profile of users is also clearly defined:

• Postcode analysis for the 2005 survey group of libraries shows that 75% of users live within 1.25 miles of their local library but Central Library and Ethnic Services draw substantial numbers of people from across Edinburgh. • The majority of adults using Central Library are residents (77%). • 40% of users come from wards towards the centre of the city. • The highest numbers (20%) from Holyrood, Southside and Tollcross wards. • Most other wards in the city are represented. • 13% of users are non-Edinburgh which includes out of town, regional and international visitors.

Taken together, these findings indicate that Central Library is fulfilling a specific role within the Edinburgh Libraries Network in that it is used by people who live, work and study in the centre of the city and /or are willing to travel to use its in depth resources and showcase collections.

Traffic In relation to traffic within the building complex, the busiest departments are:

• Central Lending, used by more than 1 in 2 of all adult visitors (55%). • Reference Library, used by almost a quarter of visitors (24%) . • Music/Audio Library attracts a similar percentage (24%). • Fine Art and Scottish Libraries attract 16% and 15% of users respectively . • Edinburgh Room is used by 9% of visitors in the survey sample.

Cross Use A snapshot of specific enquiries received by staff indicates the significant level of cross use of departments. See Central Library: Statistical Information Report 2007. As the report notes it will be useful to carry out a more detailed survey in the future.

Stock and Facilities • Central Library has c 120 study places, 3 public photocopiers, 16 OPACs and 52 Internet enabled public use PCs. • The number of microfilm readers in the Central Library was increased from 6 to 12, thanks to funding from the lottery funded Newsplan project. • 12,000 items of new stock were added during 2006-2007 –a similar figure to the previous year.

Stock holdings are as follows: • • Lending • Reference • • Open Access • Reserve • • Central Lending • 58504 • 14588 • • Central Children’s • 4915 • • • Fiction Reserve • • 8730 • • Fine Art • 19314 • 22472 • 5546* • Music • 34952 • 30445 • 3399* • Scottish • 10193 • 1309 • 29220* • Edinburgh Room • • • 22013* • Reference • • • 215400

There are 325,127 items of stock catalogued on Talis. The Edinburgh Room, Scottish Library and Reference Library all have significant holdings of uncatalogued items. This includes not only books, but illustrative material, maps, microforms and serials. The Edinburgh Room has around 130,000 items in total, the Scottish Library has c. 70,000 and the Reference Library c 45,000 items.

This sub total of 472,277 represents stock items catalogued on Talis.

Total stock holdings are c 850,000. It should be noted that this figure is not completely reliable because of the number of formats involved.

Stock and Facilities Use Trends

Analysis of underlying trends indicates that the pattern of usage in Central Library is changing. While borrowing books and other media continues to be the most popular activity, issues have declined across the Library network, including Central Library. This pattern is in line with national trends, reflecting changes in consumer preferences, market penetration of the Internet and new e and downloading technologies.

While recorded use of traditional reference and information resources (slides, microfilms, CD Roms, microfiche and reference books) showed a welcome increase of 1% during 2006-2007, Central Library must keep pace with other learning institutions in providing e-content and virtual learning environments.

Remote and Virtual Access As the Libraries Service Plan Digest 2007-1010 explains, this means working to provide remote or virtual access to information services 24/7. This strategy includes maximising electronic resource purchasing through SLIC and potentially, other consortium purchasing initiatives e.g. SHEDL (Scottish Higher Education Digital Library); maximising site licences across the library network; creating Connect to… web content and providing remote access as a channel of convenience in the library membership offer.

In engaging virtually with people, developing Enquire as a local Edinburgh “Ask a Librarian” niche information service offers opportunities to develop services responsively, especially in popular subjects such as family history and homework.

While use of the People’s Network continues to be high and demand often exceeds supply, statistics indicate that this may have reached a plateau. In modernising services, it will be highly desirable to introduce Wifi facilities.

Diversifying Services Participation in the Scottish Executive’s Concessionary Travel Scheme points to the Library’s success in diversifying its core business and acting as a one stop shop for Council and Government transactions. Libraries are the front face for this service to the public. The new disabled persons’ travel pass is a 'Smart Card' and it is intended to add further functions to it in the future including Library membership.

In seeking to maximise both the volume and the quality of service transactions, staff will continue to identify a number of improvement actions in sub service plans, incorporating information and feedback from user surveys and other planning/feedback mechanisms.

Charter Mark The Library service will be applying for re-accreditation of its Charter Mark award during 2007- 2008. In this context, people using Central Library have provided valuable feedback on their satisfaction with services.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, given the shortcomings of the building complex, the CIPFA Survey 2005 results demonstrate significant levels of dis-satisfaction with services.

• The highest numbers of negative comments relate to access (103) – physical barriers; opening hours; charges; guiding and language barriers. • The quality of the environment also attracts negative views (70) covering concerns relating to cleanliness; damage; décor; noise; litter; lighting etc. • The range and quality of stock also generates negative comments(64) – many of which relate to fiction provision, prior to the refurbishment of the Lending Library. • Pleasingly, comments about staff are, in the main, positive (48).

Suggestions for Improvements Both the CIPFA comments and recent complaints and suggestions forms indicate the many areas in which users want to see improvements to services. Recurring requests relate to:

• Access – better opening hours; particularly at weekends and earlier/later; disabled access • Environment –public toilets – distance to travel, standard and need for a complete overhaul; coldness of building; cleanliness and condition of building; lighting of building; need for modernisation; more quiet areas • Services –computers –more; noise of pcs to other users; lack of space between them; getting Wifi access like Glasgow libraries; lack of group study areas; lack of eating area and café – place to eat and drink when studying; • Stock – more books; more fiction; more large print; more DVDs; expanding the microfilm collection.

As part of the commitment to Charter Mark, staff will continue to respond and act on customer feedback to improve services as appropriate. This will include adjustment to services through implementation of the Libraries Review Change Programme.

1.1.5. SIZE AND STRUCTURE The staffing establishment of Central Library and Information Services comprises 52.5 FTE posts.

1.1.6. KEY PARTNERS Central Library works with a very wide range of partner organisations. Key partnerships include the following sectors:

• Literature. • Culture and Leisure. • Formal education. • Health. • Informal learning/education. • Libraries and information. • Local government/government. • Voluntary organisations and agencies.

Audience Development and Community Engagement In re-positioning Central Library and its services, audience development and community engagement work is a key priority for 2007-2010 and beyond. Key audiences and communities of interest comprising both current and potential users are:

• Children and young people. • Students. • Adult learners. • Local residents and people working in the city centre. • Knowledge seekers – people of all ages and backgrounds and organisations interested in the pursuit of knowledge. Key interest areas are the arts and music, history (including family history) and heritage, reading and literature and popular science. • Economic migrants. • International visitors and the Scottish diaspora who are interested in accessing their heritage.

Access and Education Developing access and education programmes will continue to be essential in developing and realising the vision for Central Library in the 21st century. These will underpin plans to develop the Library as a flagship cultural destination at the heart of the city.

Current Partnership Initiatives In relation to key partnerships, Central Library staff have drawn up an action plan for collaboration with NLS in 2007 and beyond. Regular liaison meetings have also taken place with the Council’s Archives Service with a view to strengthening future collaboration. In a collaboration with Edinburgh World Heritage, work will start during 2007, on promoting public understanding of the Edinburgh Old and New Town World Heritage Sites following a funding award to the Capital Collections digitisation project. Staff are also fostering links with cultural partners in the Old Town, participating in the Old Town Festival and a Literary Trails project.

As described in the Sfc Libraries Service Plan, participation in ELISA initiatives, including the Libraries Passport Scheme, the Edinburgh Libraries Festival and staff development initiatives form part of current and future work programmes.

In developing services to children and young people, staff have produced a listing of resources available in Central Library to support the school curriculum. Work will continue on strengthening links with primary and secondary school teachers and with the Information and Learning Resources service in Children and Families.

Local Partnerships Central Library is part of the Central Edinburgh Adult Guidance and Learning Network. In developing links under the umbrella of community learning, Central Library will be hosting an Adult Learners Fair in August 2007. This will involve information and advice agencies including careers Scotland, community education, WEA, Edinburgh University’s Office of Lifelong learning and the Adult Learning Project among others.

Work plans will focus on working with the local Neighbourhood Partnerships to achieve the benefits of joined up working in the city centre neighbourhood.

1 DEMOGRAPHICS The Edinburgh mid year population estimates for 2004 show Edinburgh’s population standing at 453,670. The age group breakdown is as follows

Age Group Number % of whole 0-4 21,079 4.7% 5-15 45,000 9.9% 16-24 72,147 15.9% 25-34 75,717 16.7% 35-44 69,573 15.3% 45-64 101,251 22.3% 65+ 68,903 15.2%

Together with projected population growth for Edinburgh, new developments in the city centre including those in the Quarter Mile and Caltongate are projected to increase the number of people living within the catchment area of Central Library.

2 PROGRAMMES AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 2007-2010 The following programmes will be taken forward during 2007-2008.

Providing a stimulating environment for learning and cultural activities

Encouraging library use by providing modern library buildings and facilities: • Contribute to completing the Re- development of Central Library Option Appraisal Study led by LDN Architects. • Continue the refurbishment of Central Lending with the long-term aim of maximising usage and improving the quality of visitor experience. • Continue to upgrade public facilities using funds available from the Council’s capital and fabric renewal allocations, including public toilets.

Increasing access to reading opportunities and stimulating reading for enjoyment • Extend reader development programmes through planning Connect sessions with adult learners, programming Festival of Scottish Writing 2007, participating in the Children’s summer reading programme, City of Literature initiatives and a wide range of other individual events and sessions. • Extend collaborative and partnership working initiatives including developing partnerships with Edinburgh World Heritage, NLS and City Archives Service.

Increasing public access to the resources of libraries in the City through the Edinburgh Libraries Strategy • Participate in the Edinburgh Libraries Fair; Information Day at the Assembly Rooms and ELISA working groups (e.g. e-content; digital access; passport; staff development).

Improving public access to the unique heritage collections of the Central Library • Extend public access to the special collections of Central Library through taking forward the Capital Collections digital project funded by the Cities Growth Fund and Edinburgh World Heritage. Prepare funding bid to British Library Turning the Pages competition. • Participate in Britain in Print project to catalogue pre-1700 items. • Develop collection preservation strategies through formulating an action plan for 2007-2010. • Continue to participate in Rare Books in Scotland Working Group.

Encouraging and stimulating book borrowing by improving library design and layout • Continue to introduce changes within public spaces to improve ambience for public.

Providing a good start for children and young people Increasing access to reading opportunities and stimulating reading for enjoyment by children and young people • Continue to extend access and education programmes for children and young people in and through Central Library.

Responding to people who need extra help Supporting social and digital inclusion by providing free public access to the Internet and other electronic resources. • Participate in plans to re-design the People’s Network and extend the range and promotion of electronic resources. • Participate in delivering the Scottish Executive’s free travel scheme for disabled people. • Extend lifelong learning opportunities for adult learners with programmes including Connect taster sessions.

Contribute to the Council’s Smart City programme through continued development of ICT facilities and services • Participate in plans for catalogue conversion and Smartcard technology. • Develop plans to make Enquire a local virtual reference and information service. • Extend public access to Central Library services through expanding web content for the Library website.

Establish priorities for the improvement and development of services through robust public consultation processes • Participate in CIPFA Plus Children’s and other surveys in 2008 and beyond. • Review and improve Central Library newsletter, working with colleagues in Corporate Communications.

Determine the extent of service improvement achievable through use of self-service measures • Participate in plans to install self-service facilities in pilot libraries as appropriate.

Improving Quality Improve overall levels of customer care • Participate in work to gain re-accreditation of Charter Mark award for the service.

5. ACHIEVEMENTS During 2006-2007, Central Library and Information Services recorded the following achievements in relation to key activity areas.

Ensuring excellent quality services are provided • The range of materials available in European languages was expanded. • Following a successful consortium bid, Central Library participated in the second phase of the Britain in Print retrospective cataloguing/access programme. • Funding was awarded from the Cities Growth Fund to create an online database of images from the Library’s collections which will be launched on the Web in 2008. A funding award from Edinburgh World Heritage of £18,000 will support work on promoting public understanding of the Old and New Town World Heritage sites. • The Library service joined Enquire. This will enable the service to join a surgery rota answering on line reference and information enquiries from users across the UK. • Central Library participated in issuing bus passes to older disabled people as part Scottish Executive’s new free travel scheme, linked to a Smartcard initiative. • The Library participated in the launch of the ELISA Passport Scheme, promoting seamless referral to other library institutions.

Offering a range of opportunities for life-long learning • ICT taster events included sessions on jobs, careers and genealogy. • The VISIT Group undertook a total of 49 visits to 695 people. • Central Library hosted and participated in a wide range of lifelong learning and reader development programmes. These embraced the Festival of Scottish Writing programme, which included a launch day with a crime theme, using the Central Reference Library for an evening event chaired by Richard Holloway. Promotions for children included the annual reading programme and World Book Day tours for children from a local primary school. The One Book One City reading campaign was celebrated with a day of Kidnapped readings in Central Library for both children and adults. • Music events included hosting “Mr Hudson and the Library” as part of the band’s UK tour. The Edinburgh Room celebrated the King’s Theatre centenary with an exhibition in the Conference Room. • Partnership activities included a full day seminar on the photography of Thomas Keith with the Scottish Society for Early Photography. • In September 2006, Central Library took part in Doors Open Day for the first time. • Planning took place for participation in the Old Town Festival programme for 2008. • Staircase and departmental displays included Stevenson’s Edinburgh, Ceilidh Culture, Jacobites and exhibitions by the Edinburgh Mountain Film Festival and Edinburgh Photographic Society. • Central Library supported the arts in Edinburgh through renting the Bank Building “Underbelly” as a Festival venue.

Contributing to the care, and continuing improvement, of the natural and cultural heritage. • The second phase of the Central Lending Refurbishment project was completed. • A new store guide for the Front Hall was designed and installed and a new Welcome Leaflet was produced. • A programme of repairs continued in upgrading the external fabric of the building.

Appendix J 5 Year Maintenance Plan

CENTRAL LIBRARY

2.2 A condition survey of the Mechanical and Electrical Services within the property was carried out by the Council's Architectural Services Division in January 2002. A further Condition Survey of the property addressing Roofs, Windows, General Condition and Fire Safety was carried out by Architectural consultants in October 2003 and Atkins completed a further External Fabric Condition Survey in July 2004. A Periodic Testing and Inspection of the electrical wiring systems was carried out by a specialist contractor and reported on in September 2004.

2.3 During the recent upgrading of the public lift motor and controls, certain elements of the lift shaft were noted as being in relatively poor structural condition and the lift arrangement itself prevents access by wheelchair users.

2.4 Prior to the basement areas of the Central Library being used as a Festival venue (the 'Underbelly') in August 2004, a survey was carried out to identify the potential risk of fire spread from the basement areas to the remainder of the Library. As well as identifying the need for fire- separation construction to walls, ceilings and doorways, the survey highlighted the extremely poor condition of the existing electrical, emergency lighting and fire alarm installations in the area. The venue promoters installed appropriate permanent fire separation measures; additionally, they installed temporary electrics and emergency lighting, both of which were subsequently removed at the end of the Festival.

2.5 A Fire Risk Assessment of the main building was carried out in December 2004 and the report on the Assessment contains recommendations for upgrading the fire protection to various areas of the building by means of fire doors and screens.

2.6 All of the various Survey reports have been consistent in their evaluation of the condition of the different main elements of the building and they have generally included recommended timescales within which the various works should be carried out. The reports are also consistent in their recommendations for the works considered to be of High Priority and requiring immediate attention on the basis of Health and Safety criteria.

3. Current Status

3.1 The Central Library currently has a budget of £200,000 for carrying out essential repair and upgrading works.

3.2 In addition to this budget, the Central Library has received an allocation of £60,000 funding in the current financial year for 'Refurbishment of Historic Buildings', together with additional funding of some £20,000 for works addressing the requirements of the Disabled Discrimination Act ('DDA') for the main staircase.

3.3 Arising from the Periodic Testing and Inspection of the electrical wiring systems in September 2004, instructions were issued for the contractor to carry out remedial and upgrading work to those items which were of serious Health and Safety concern; these included earthing and earth bonding, defective or broken switchgear and provision of warning labels. This work also required BT to power-down / power-up their systems. The total cost of the survey and the works (including BT) was £23,500.

3.4 The survey also identified that significant upgrading work was required to the main entrance distribution board at an estimated cost of £10,500. This work will require a shut-down of the electrical systems, erection of scaffolding and associated builder work. Due to the scale and nature of the works, it was decided to obtain quotations for the co-ordinated 'package' and this is in the process of being obtained.

3.5 As a follow-on from the Fire risk assessment carried out prior to last year's use of the 'Underbelly' as a Festival venue, it was determined that a permanent smoke detection and fire alarm system should be installed to protect the Central Library. This work has now been carried out at a cost of £22,000.

3.6 The Periodic Testing and Inspection of the electrical wiring systems in September 2004 also identified that the general power and lighting wiring throughout the Library is in need of replacement. This is consistent with the recommendations contained in the Architectural Services Division's survey of January 2002. As this latter survey also identified deficiencies with the heating system components throughout the Library building, it is intended that a combined rewiring and heating upgrade first-phase contract is commenced. The building will be surveyed to identify areas where both wiring and heating upgrading is most urgently required and these areas will be tackled first. As some redecoration will be required in conjunction with the rewiring and heating upgrading, it is also intended to include the complete redecoration of the affected areas within the overall contract. This approach will minimise the disruption to the operation of the Library and consultation with Library staff will ensure the works are programmed in the most operationally efficient manner. It is anticipated that £74,000 will be required to fund this first-phase combined contract.

3.7 The Library Main Stair requires to be upgraded in terms of the DDA provisions, however the 'Listed' status of the building restricts what work can be done. Following discussions with Planning, it is intended to upgrade the lighting installation on the staircase and to install an additional handrail. Quotes are being obtained for this and the estimated cost is £25,000. However, as noted at 3.2 above, DDA funding of some £20,000 has been obtained and therefore the essential repairs and upgrading budget will require to fund the balance of £5,000.

3.8 Atkins' External Fabric Condition Survey of July 2004 confirmed the findings of earlier surveys, particularly in respect of the condition of the external stonework above the level of George IV Bridge. Various areas were identified as being in need of urgent attention to prevent risk of danger to the public from falling fragments of masonry, and to prevent further deterioration of the stonework.

3.9 A specialist firm (Zenith) was commissioned to examine and make safe the stonework identified in the Fabric Condition Survey. Their remit was also extended to check the remainder of the issues raised by the Fabric Condition Survey and to identify any further items requiring immediate attention.

3.10 Zenith carried out surveys of the Central Library and the Music Library and carried out the necessary works to make the building safe. These works comprised the erection of scaffolding, removing severely spalling stone, re-bedding and fixing loose stonework and providing netting to the timber tower, front entrance stonework and central dormer. They also repaired the glazed brick wall at the rear of the Central library, removed spalling concrete from the public lift shaft, applied safety film to the Fine Arts windows and, while access was in position for fabric repairs, have re-pointed and painted windows to the rear elevation. The total cost of these works was £58,000, and this cost is being met from the 'Refurbishment of Historic Buildings' funding in the current Financial Year.

3.11 While Zenith have removed and made safe the spalling stonework, they have not inserted new moulded stonework. This is specialist work and will be the subject of a competitively tendered contract, which is in course of preparation, at an estimated total cost of £60,000. As this work follows on from, and reinstates the stonework made safe under Zenith's initial commission, it is recommended that the necessary funding is bid for from the 'Refurbishment of Historic Buildings' to enable the work to be carried out in financial year 2006/07.

3.12 Additionally, based on recommendations in Zenith's survey, the public lift shaft steelwork has been treated to prevent further corrosion, the main chimney stack has been capped and the Fine art windows have been painted at a total cost of £9,000.

3.13 As noted above, Zenith have temporarily netted the main tower to prevent the fall of loose timberwork. Remedial work will be carried out in this location to fix the loose timber and to seal the structure to make it weathertight, preventing further deterioration. Zenith have quoted for this work and the total estimated cost is £6,000.

3.14 Based on the December 2004 Fire Risk Assessment of the main Library building, which recommends the upgrading of various doors and screens to provide appropriate fire resistance, a technical survey has been carried out and estimated costs have been prepared.

The recommended works comprise:

Reference Library Entrance – upgrade doors and partitions, door closers Bookstack doors – upgrade doors, door closers Fine Art Stair – upgrade doors, door closers Bib Services – install magnetic door holders Corridor – upgrade doors, replace exit door ironmongery, install fire- stops Final Exit Doors – upgrade ironmongery to push-bars Boiler Room – upgrade door, install fire-stops

The total estimated cost of this work is £50,000 and tender documents are in the course of preparation.

3.15 Summary of Essential Works costs (set against £200,000 budget). The costs of the essential works, both carried out to date and planned, are:

Electrical Inspection and remedial works £ 23,500 Planned work to Distribution Board £ 10,500 Smoke detection / Fire Alarm system £ 22,000 Planned First-phase Rewiring & Heating £ 74,000 Follow-on works from Zenith survey £ 9,000 Weatherproofing to main tower £ 6,000 Planned work for fire protection measures (Fire doors, etc) £ 50,000 Main Stair DDA Works (balance of cost) £ 5,000

Total £200,000

4. Proposed Investment Plan

4.1 The various condition surveys which have been carried out on the building have been consistent in their findings and recommendations. During the course of the works to date being carried out, it has been possible to examine the various elements in greater physical detail than at the survey stage and it has been found that the validity of the surveys has been confirmed.

4.2 Although the most critical works in respect of External Masonry and Electrics have been (or are being) addressed through the present programme of ad-hoc works in terms of urgent Health and Safety issues, it is clear from the various condition surveys that continuing investment is required. This will prevent the building fabric and the Services from deteriorating to the point where masonry again becomes unsafe, Services may suffer sudden failures with attendant disruption and elements such as roof coverings, drainage and internal finishes will require complete replacement rather than planned, incremental repair with selective replacement.

4.3 The various condition survey reports have identified the various elements of the building, assessed the condition of the components within each element and have recommended timescales within which upgrading, refurbishment or replacement of the components are considered necessary, together with the relevant costs.

4.4 Due to the long life expectancy of many of the major elements such as the main structure, slated roofs, main floors and plasterwork, but taking into account the cyclical requirement for repairs or upgrading of these components, the condition surveys have identified required investment over a 20-year period.

4.5 The total estimated investment required over the next 20 years is significant, reflecting the identified requirement for general upgrading rather than day-to-day repairs and maintenance. The required investment, at present day costs, is in the order of £5.60 million. This cost includes the following specific items which are of relatively high cost and cannot reasonably be phased or otherwise sub-divided:

i) works for the Refurbishment of the Lending Library and Bookstack Areas which was the subject of a Feasibility and Cost Report carried out by Building Design Services in February 2004, with a total cost of some £1.11 million;

ii) works to the Bank Building ('Underbelly'), mainly of a mechanical and electrical services nature, identified in the condition surveys at a total cost of some £400,000. This is a self-contained area of the building which has had the minimum of work done meantime under the current programme of works in order to make the area safe.

iii) works of upgrading to the Goods Lift, Staff Lift and Public Lift / Lift Shaft at a total cost of some £350,000.

It should be noted that these particular works are longer-term requirements within the 20-year period. It is considered, however, that they should form a part of the Conservation Plan Option Appraisal as the works are likely to be dependant on decisions regarding the future use of the building spaces.

4.6 In view of the recent report ‘A Conservation Plan for Edinburgh’s Central Library’ and the resulting Option Appraisal which is being carried out at present, the recommendations within this report for future investment are limited to the first 5 years. The proposed investment within this period generally relates to the 'high priority' works identified in the condition surveys relating to upgrading and preservation of the building fabric and the upgrading or replacement of the major mechanical and electrical services. Proposed investment in these elements is not anticipated to conflict with proposals arising from the Option Appraisal. The proposed 5-year investment plan addresses the works considered necessary to maintain the building in a safe condition, to prevent further deterioration to the building envelope through the effects of weather and to maintain the interior spaces to an acceptable standard. It does not address the major building improvement or re-planning issues identified in the Conservation Plan.

4.7 The total estimated investment required over the first 5 years of the 20- year plan is some £1.93 million. The detail of this investment is given in Appendix 1 attached, phased on an annual basis.

4.8 Although the proposed 5-year investment plan has been shown phased on an annual basis, the works could, however, be re-phased within the overall investment plan to suit any re-planning within the building arising from the Option Appraisal. In particular, the costs in respect of the main electrical services allow for upgrading circuits on an area-by-area basis allowing for maximum flexibility for re-planning.

5. Recommendations

5.1 To note the works of an essential Health and Safety nature which have recently been carried out and to note that some sections of this work have yet to be instructed and completed, all as described in Section 3 of this Report.

5.2 That a bid for funding of £60,000 should be made from 'Refurbishment of Historic Buildings' to enable the reinstatement of stonework to be carried out as described in paragraph 3.11 of this report.

5.3 To note that several condition surveys of the Central Library building have been carried out, all of which are consistent in their recommendations for phased investment in the fabric and Mechanical and Electrical services, both on Health and Safety grounds and in order to preserve the building in a weathertight and useable condition.

5.4 That a bid be made for investment funding of £1.93 million over a 5-year period commencing in Financial Year 2006/07 to enable the planned works to proceed.

5.5 To note that the 5-year investment requirement identified within this Report has flexibility as to the timing of the works to suit the outcomes of the current Option Appraisal.

5.6 That an annual review of the Investment Plan and a building survey should be carried out in order to confirm or revise the prioritisation of the programme, and to take account of outcomes of the Option Appraisal, but noting that identified Health and Safety issues will remain as the highest priority.

Appendices 1. Details of 5-year Investment requirements

Contact/tel Raymond Adamson, Building Design Services 529 7198

Background Condition Survey Report by Thomas and Adamson -1998 Papers Survey Report on Mechanical & Electrical Services by Architectural Services Division - January 2002 External Fabric Condition Survey by Atkins – July 2004 Periodic Testing and Inspection of the Electrical Wiring Systems by Arthur McKay - September 2004 Fire Risk Assessment by Corporate Health & Safety Adviser and Fire Officer - December 2004 Central Library and Music Library External Fabric Inspection & Repair Maintenance Manual 2005 by Zenith - May 2005.

Appendix 1

Central Library - 5 Year Investment Plan

Element Required Works Total Required Investment Priority Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Building Fabric

Roof Coverings Repairs to asphalt roofing £750 £750 Roof Drainage Renew secret guttering; repair/repaint cast iron £60,000 £18,000 £10,500 £10,500 £10,500 £10,500 Chimney Stacks Replace copes, chimney pots £15,000 £15,000 Central Dormer Replacement woodwork / Glazing £45,000 £45,000 Stair Structure Upgrade / repair cast iron spiral stairs £7,500 £7,500 Stair Balustrade / Handrails Upgrade / repair steel and timber balustrades £3,125 £3,125 External Walls Stonework Repairs / renew pointing £139,500 £46,500 £23,250 £23,250 £23,250 £23,250 Windows Re-point / Repair / re-decorate £102,000 £20,000 £20,500 £20,500 £20,500 £20,500 Doors Repair / re-paint £1,125 £1,125 Internal Doors Repair / re-paint / upgrade ironmongery £6,000 £2,000 £2,000 £2,000 Wall Finishes Make good plaster / re-paint; make good timber / re-paint £93,000 £1,000 £45,000 £47,000 Floor Finishes Replace carpet and PVC sheet / tile finishes, floor paint £257,000 £85,000 £85,000 £85,000 £2,000 Ceiling Finishes Remove flaking plaster/paint, make good, re-paint £86,000 £60,000 £16,000 £10,000 Services Appliances Replace broken sanitary ware £1,500 £1,500 Communications Upgrade/replace data wiring, telephone wiring & accessories £150,000 £50,000 £50,000 £50,000

Electrical

LV Distribution Upgrade/replace wiring and distributution boards £90,000 £40,000 £25,000 £25,000 Lighting Upgrade/replace wiring; relace luminaires in offices & circulation £187,000 £45,000 £48,000 £48,000 £46,000 Power Upgrade/replace wiring £113,000 £30,000 £28,000 £28,000 £27,000 Fire Alarms Upgrade/replace to current standards £77,500 £27,500 £25,000 £25,000

Mechanical

Heating Replace radiator valves/ control systems; allow for boiler replacement £422,000 £100,000 £40,000 £66,000 £66,000 £150,000 Water Services Replace Tanks with insulated tanks to current standards / insulate pipework £61,000 £50,000 £11,000 Ventilation Replace extract fans £12,000 £12,000

Total Amounts £1,930,000 £438,750 £371,000 £441,750 £400,250 £278,250

Appendix K Schedule of works

CENTRAL LIBRARY OUTLINE SCHEDULE OF WORKS FOR ORIGINAL LIBRARY BUILDING.

DRAFT

Area of original building: 4090m2

Given the size of the extension it is probable that the entrance level from George IV Bridge will have to be substantially modified. The most architecturally significant interior spaces: the Reference room and grand stair will be restored/ redecorated/ rewired. The book stack will also have to be significantly altered.

1 DOWNTAKINGS AND SUBSTRUCTURE

1a Demolitions and Downtakings.

Remove existing floor to level 4 (entrance level from George Street). Remove non-load bearing internal walls at levels 0-3. strip redundant building services.

1b Substructure/ Ground Floors

Assume that existing library building is structurally sound and that foundations can take additional loadings.

2 SUPER STRUCTURE

2a Structure

Assume that the building is structurally sound and has adequate capacity for proposed alterations.

2b Upper floors

New floor construction at levels 3 and 4.

2c Roof

Assume maintenance of roof as part of the works

2d Stairs/ Lift

Assume construction of new feature stairs within the original building between levels 2/ 3/ 4.

Assume incorporation of 1no public Lift within the original building (there will be several lifts in the new extension).

2e External walls

Assume some maintenance of existing decorative stonework.

2f External doors and windows

Allow for some maintenance of existing windows and doors.

2g Internal walls

Assume metal frame plasterboard construction.

2h Internal Doors

Assume solid core doors.

2i Wall finishes

Painted plaster.

2k Ceiling finishes

Painted plaster.

2j Floor finishes

Allow for good quality timber flooring.

2l Decoration

Allow for complete redecoration.

3 SERVICES

3a Sanitary appliances:

Majority of toilet accommodation will be within the new extension. Assume 1no accessible WC per floor.

3b Disposal installation

Allow for centralised disposal system at level 0.

3c Water installation

Allow for installation to WCs and Staff areas.

3d Heating and ventilation

Allow for mechanical supply and extract for levels 0 to 4. Allow for replacement of existing boiler and pipe work.

3e Electrical installation

Electrics: Assume complete new electrical installation.

3f Fire protection

Allow for sprinkler system for special collections, say 10%

4 FITOUT

4a Allow for high quality bespoke timber shelving for public areas.

OUTLINE SCHEDULE OF WORKS FOR VAULTS.

DRAFT

Area of vaults: 2825 assuming that the ground floor (currently CEC carpark) can be made available for use by ECL.

Probable use as storage (for Central Library or National Library of Scotland).

1 DOWNTAKINGS AND SUBSTRUCTURE

1a Demolitions and Downtakings.

Remove existing internal partitions (mainly associated with use of the vaults by Underbelly during Festival). Remove existing tanking systems. Remove existing electrical systems

1b Substructure/ Ground Floors

Assume that existing vault construction is structurally sound and that foundations can take additional loading associated with storage uses.

2 SUPER STRUCTURE

2a Structure

Assume that the vaults of the bridge are structurally sound and have adequate capacity for storage of books.

A number of structural openings will be required at levels 1,2 and 3 to make effective use of vault space.

2b Upper floors

Assume that concrete floors can take loadings required for book storage? (A structural assessment of existing structural floors is required to establish load bearing capacity).

Additional concrete floor required to provide accommodation at level 3 in the Vault to the south side of the Cowgate.

2c Roof

High performance tanking system required to level 2 of the vaults. Newton 500 system with drainage, or similar.

2d Stairs/ Lift

North side of Cowgate: Floor levels require a separate lift from the main library. Assume goods lift.

Assume 1no additional bridge link to improve connection with main library building.

South side: assume that lift within the Annexe will provide access by lift for Vault.

North side of Cowgate: Assume that 2no existing escape stairs are adequate.

South side of Cowgate: 1 new escape stair required.

2e External walls

Stonework repairs

Level 1: gated openings to be in filled with stonewall.

Internal lining to external walls: insulated plasterboard system.

2f External doors and windows

Allow for replacement of all external doors and windows.

2g Internal walls

Assume metal frame plasterboard construction.

2h Internal Doors

Assume replacement of existing doors with fire doors.

2i Wall finishes

Painted plaster.

2k Ceiling finishes

Allow for insulated plasterboard lining system to vaults at level 2.

2j Floor finishes

Allow for vinyl sheeting throughout.

2l Decoration

Allow for decoration.

3 SERVICES

3a Sanitary appliances:

Assume use of toilets within main building.

3b Disposal installation

Assume centralised disposal system in main building.

3c Water installation

Assume none required.

3d Heating and ventilation

Assume that full air conditioning will be required to cope with relatively high levels of humidity below road. Assume that hot water for heating is supplied from centralised heating system in main building.

3e Electrical installation

Electrics: Assume complete new electrical installation.

3f Fire protection

Allow for sprinkler system generally.

4 FITOUT

4a Shelving: Nordplan rolling stack storage system?

OUTLINE SCHEDULE OF WORK FOR THE ANNEXE

DRAFT

Area of annexe 1890m2

Probable use as office/ administration/ storage. Given the structural implication of storage we have assumed that levels 1 and 2 are used as storage and that the upper floors are used as offices.

1 DOWNTAKINGS AND SUBSTRUCTURE

1a Demolitions and Downtakings.

Remove of existing shelving and fittings. Remove existing services.

1b Substructure/ Ground Floors

Additional foundations may be required to take loading for book storage. Allow for alterations to ground floor slab around loading bays to the Cowgate. Allow for introduction of insulated floor construction and new concrete slab over level 1.

2 SUPER STRUCTURE

2a Structure

Columns support may be required to take loading for book storage.

2b Upper floors

Existing floors do not have sufficient structural capacity to take full loading of bookshelves. Floors would require additional support or replacement if used for storage. Assume that existing floor construction would have adequate structural capacity for office/ administration uses? Allow for raised floor for electrical cabling for levels 3 & 4.

2c Roof

The main roof is in common ownership with residential properties; the west end of the annex property has a roof above level 5a. Although the works would not directly affect the main roof, given the age of the property regular maintenance would be required. The roof above level 5a should be overhauled.

2d Stairs/ Lift

Allowance for additional escape stair would be required. (Existing external escape stair does not comply with current building standards) Allow for installation of lift. Allow for alterations to existing stair for new raised floor.

2e External walls

Allow for repair/ repointing of existing stonework walls. Allow for tanking system to inner face of wall to George IV Bridge at level 4. Allow for insulated lining system to inside of external walls.

2f External doors and windows

Allow for repair overhaul of existing windows and doors. Allow for replacement of doors/ windows at Cowgate level. Allow for replacement of doors at George IV Bridge.

2g Internal walls

Allow for metal frame partition system generally to levels 3, 4, 5 and 5a.

2h Internal Doors

Allow for new doors generally.

2i Wall finishes

Plaster generally.

2k Ceiling finishes

Allow for suspended ceiling system for levels 3, 4, 5 and 5a.

2j Floor finishes

Allow for carpet generally with vinyl in circulation/ toilet/ storage areas.

2l Decoration

Allow for paint finishes generally.

3 SERVICES

3a Sanitary appliances:

Allow for construction of toilet accommodation at levels 3 and 4. Assume 1no accessible WC per floor, 1no gents WC+ 1no Urinal, 2no female WC.

3b Disposal installation

Assume centralised disposal system in main building.

3c Water installation

Allow for new water installation.

3d Heating and ventilation

Assume that full air conditioning will be required as only limited natural ventilation is possible. Assume that hot water for heating is supplied from centralised heating system in main building.

3e Electrical installation

Assume complete new installation.

3f Fire protection

Allow for sprinkler system for levels 1 and 2.

4 FITOUT

4a Allow for office furniture/ shelving for books/ rolling stacks?

OUTLINE SCHEDULE OF WORK FOR THE BANK BUILDING

DRAFT

Area of bank building: 1550m2

Probable use as office/ administration/ storage. Given the structural implication of storage we have assumed that levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 are used as storage and that the upper floors are used as offices.

1 DOWNTAKINGS AND SUBSTRUCTURE

1a Demolitions and Downtakings.

Remove of existing shelving and fittings. Remove existing services. Remove existing internal partitions.

1b Substructure/ Ground Floors

Additional foundations may be required to take loading for book storage. Allow for introduction of insulated floor construction and new concrete slab over level 1.

2 SUPER STRUCTURE

2a Structure

Columns support may be required to take loading for book storage.

2b Upper floors

Existing floors may not have sufficient structural capacity to take full loading of bookshelves and require additional support or replacement if used for storage. Assume that existing floor construction would have adequate structural capacity for office/ administration uses? Allow for raised floor for electrical cabling for levels 5, 6 and 7.

2c Roof

On going water ingress is a problem? The roof should be overhauled?

2d Stairs

A second means of escape should be provided from level 7. Allow for a new escape stair to all levels. The levels require that a separate lift will be required for the Bank Building.

Assume new bridge link to the main building to better integrate the Bank Building with the main building?

2e External walls

Allow for repair/ repointing of existing stonework walls. Allow for tanking system to inner face of wall to Victoria Street at level 3. Allow for insulated lining system to inside of external walls to levels 1, 2, 3 and 4. Consideration will have to be given to how thermal performance of the upper floors is achieved while retaining the architectural detail.

2f External doors and windows

Allow for repair overhaul of existing windows and doors. Allow for replacement of doors/ windows at Cowgate level. Allow for replacement of doors.

2g Internal walls

Allow for metal frame partition system generally to levels 5, 6 and 7.

2h Internal Doors

Allow for new doors generally.

2i Wall finishes

Plaster generally.

2k Ceiling finishes

Plaster generally.

2j Floor finishes

Allow for carpet generally with vinyl in circulation/ toilet/ storage areas.

2l Decoration

Allow for paint finishes generally

3 SERVICES

3a Sanitary appliances:

Allow for construction of toilet accommodation at levels 5, 6 and 7. Assume 1no accessible WC per floor, 1no gents WC+ 1no Urinal, 2no female WC.

3b Disposal installation

Assume centralised disposal system in main building.

3c Water installation

Allow for new water installation.

3d Heating and ventilation

Assume that full air conditioning will be required as only limited natural ventilation is possible on lower floors and the city centre location means that natural ventilation is not fresh. Assume that hot water for heating is supplied from centralised heating system in main building.

3e Electrical installation

Electrics: Assume complete new electrical installation.

3f Fire protection

Allow for sprinkler system for levels 1, 2, 3 and 4.

4 FITOUT

4a Allow for office furniture/ shelving for books/ rolling stacks?

Appendix L Estimated Costs

CENTRAL LIBRARY cost estimate [1 Chartered Quantity Surveyors : Building Surveyors : Project Managers : Planning Supervisors

The City of Edinburgh Council Central Library Strategic Options Study

COST ESTIMATE

CONCEPT STAGE

INDEX PAGE

1 Introduction 2

2 Summary of Costs 2

3 Basis of Cost Estimate 2

4 Exclusions 4

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cost estimate [2 Chartered Quantity Surveyors : Building Surveyors : Project Managers : Planning Supervisors

The City of Edinburgh Council Central Library Strategic Options Study

COST ESTIMATE

CONCEPT STAGE

6 March 2007

1 Introduction This report provides the preliminary broadbrush estimates of the possible level of construction costs associated with the various options described by LDN Architects in their Strategic Options Study. The output reflects our understanding of the various proposals for the refurbishment of the existing accommodation and the proposed new build variants.

2 Summary of Costs

Option 1a £23,600,000

Option 1bi £27,500,000

Option 1bii £26,100,000

Option 1c £49,900,000

Option 1d £45,400,000

Option 1d (Additional Community Library) £5,400,000

Option 2a £29,700,000

Option 2b £36,300,000

Option 2c £39,800,000

Option 2d £42,100,000

3 Basis of Cost Estimate 3.1 Benchmark Costs: Refurbishment Due to the nature of the proposed refurbishment works at the existing buildings at George IV Bridge, the application of overall cost/m2 allowances for a refurbishment of this nature is not considered appropriate.

In order to build up a picture of the likely cost involved, we have interpreted the descriptions of works contained in the LDN Outline Schedules of Works for The Vaults, The Annexe, The Bank Building and the Original Bank Building utilising, where appropriate, cost information abstracted from the Five Year Investment Programme appended to the Report entitled CEC Programme of Upgrading Works (September 2005) provided by LDN Architects.

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cost estimate [3 Chartered Quantity Surveyors : Building Surveyors : Project Managers : Planning Supervisors

The City of Edinburgh Council Central Library Strategic Options Study

COST ESTIMATE

CONCEPT STAGE

6 March 2007

3 Basis of Cost Estimate (cont) 3.1 Benchmark Costs: Refurbishment (cont) In the case of Option 1a, which assumes that space is acquired at another city centre location in need of alteration, adaption and refurbishment, we have utilised a rate/m2 allowance due to the totally undefined and unquantifiable nature of the works (the rate is not dissimilar to that derived from an analysis of the refurbishment of General Register House Phase IV for the National Archives of Scotland).

3.2 Benchmark Costs: New Build Where new build options are considered, we have made due allowance for the location, complexity of construction, likely planning constraints and current market conditions.

3.3 Market Forces At present the construction sector in the central belt is extremely buoyant, with the result that contractors are being selective about the projects they wish to pursue. This is equally true of the sub-contract supply chain. In many cases, large contracting firms are no longer prepared to competitively tender for projects on a single stage basis, preferring two stage negotiation procurement routes. The risk profile of projects also has a bearing on the ability of Employers to generate interest in their project insofar as the allocation of the risk towards the contractor will result in an increased cost for the works and/or a dearth of contractors prepared to tender. The impact of the 2012 London Olympics will be significant over the next five years. The current BCIS five year forecast of tender prices anticipates annual increases in construction tenders in excess of 6%, well ahead of inflation.

3.4 Basis of Cost Information Provided by LDN Architects Block floor plans Floor areas/accommodation matrix Outline schedules of works for The Vaults, The Annexe, The Bank Building, The Original Library Building

Costs should be considered as current as at 1st Quarter 2007. An allowance has been made for design team fees for each of the options. The actual composition of design teams is yet to be determined but would likely include Project Manager, Architect, Structural Engineer, Services Engineer, Cost Consultant, CDM Co-ordinator, Acoustic Consultant, FM/Sustainability Consultant, Environmental Consultant.

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cost estimate [4 Chartered Quantity Surveyors : Building Surveyors : Project Managers : Planning Supervisors

The City of Edinburgh Council Central Library Strategic Options Study

COST ESTIMATE

CONCEPT STAGE

6 March 2007

4 Exclusions - to be budgeted for elsewhere (where applicable) The following items are beyond the scope of this current estimate and should be considered when preparing an overall budget appraisal for this project.

4.1 The impact of phasing the works when refurbishing the premises at George IV Bridge (ie. it is assumed that the building will be closed and handed to the Contractor for the duration of the works). 4.2 Decant costs. 4.3 Removal of asbestos. 4.4 Loose furniture and equipment.

4.5 Abnormal ground conditions.

4.6 Major services diversions. 4.7 Planning and building warrant fees. 4.8 VAT. 4.9 Legal and financing charges. 4.10 CEC internal fees.

Prepared by:

10 Wemyss Place Edinburgh EH3 6DL

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Summary

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs 6/3/07

General Summary "Broadbrush" Estimated Options Construction Cost

1a Relocate Lending: Special Collections retained at Geo IV Bridge & Lending Functions 23,600,000

1bi Relocate Special Collections; Lending retained at Geo IV Bridge & Lending Functions (Central) 27,500,000

1bii Relocate Special Collections; Lending retained at Geo IV Bridge & Lending Functions (Remote) 26,100,000

1c Relocate Entire Library (Central) 49,900,000

1d Relocate Entire Library (Remote) 45,400,000

1d Additional Community Library 5,400,000

2a Best Use of Existing Buildings 29,700,000

2b Disposal of the Vaults 36,300,000

2c Disposal of the Vaults & the Annexe 39,800,000

2d Disposal of the Vaults, the Annexe & the Bank Building 42,100,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

1. Abnormal ground conditions/services diversions/structural conditions/asbestos removal 2. Loose furniture and equipment generally 3. Legal and Financing charges 4. CEC Internal fees & expenses 5. Statutory Fees & Charges 6. VAT

Page 1 of 15 Option 1a

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 1A

Relocate Lending: Special Collections retained at Geo IV Bridge & Lending Functions relocated to A N Other city centre location (existing building)

Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge 4,090 m2 2,748,125

Space required at A N Other city centre location requiring alteration, adaption, refurbishment 11,000 m2 1,700.00 18,700,000

Total construction Cost 21,448,125

Contingency 10% 2,144,813 23,592,938 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 12% 2,831,153

23,592,938

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 23,600,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank 1,550 100% of area Annex 1,890 100% of area Vaults 2,825 100% of area Gap Site n/a Existing Clinic n/a

Page 2 of 15 Option 1bi

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 1Bi

Relocate Special Collections; Lending retained at Geo IV Bridge & Lending Functions relocated to A N Other city centre location Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge 10,355 m2 9,352,215

Space required at A N Other location new building in City Centre 4,645 m2 2,750.00 12,773,750

Total construction Cost 22,125,965

Contingency 10% 2,212,597 24,338,562 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 13% 3,164,013

3,164,013

27,502,574

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 27,500,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank n/a Annex n/a Vaults n/a Gap Site n/a Existing Clinic n/a

Page 3 of 15 Option 1bii

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 1Bii

Relocate Special Collections; Lending retained at Geo IV Bridge & Lending Functions relocated to A N Other location at the Waterfront Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge 10,355 m2 - 9,352,215

Space required at A N Other location new building at the Waterfront 4,645 m2 2,500.00 11,612,500

Total construction Cost 20,964,715

Contingency 10% 2,096,472 23,061,187 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 13% 2,997,954

2,997,954

26,059,141

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 26,100,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank n/a Annex n/a Vaults n/a Gap Site n/a Existing Clinic n/a

Page 4 of 15 Option 1c

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 1C

Relocate Entire Library to A N Other new central location Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge - m2 - -

Space required at A N Other location new building in City Centre 15,000 m2 2,750.00 41,250,000

Total construction Cost 41,250,000

Contingency 10% 4,125,000 45,375,000 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 10% 4,537,500

4,537,500

49,912,500

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 49,900,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

1. Abnormal ground conditions/services diversions/structural conditions 2. Loose furniture and equipment generally 3. Legal and Financing charges 4. CEC Internal fees & expenses 5. Statutory Fees & Charges 6. VAT

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Library at Geo IV Bridge 4,090 Bank 1,550 Annex 1,890 Vaults 2,825 Gap Site n/a Existing Clinic n/a

Page 5 of 15 Option 1d

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 1D

Relocate Entire Library to A N Other new 'remote' location Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge - m2 - -

Space required at A N Other location new building on Waterfront? 15,000 m2 2,500.00 37,500,000

Total construction Cost 37,500,000

Contingency 10% 3,750,000 41,250,000 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 10% 4,125,000

4,125,000

45,375,000

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 45,400,000

Additional Community Library

Refurbish space in an existing building in the city centre as a Community Library 2,200 m2 1,800.00 3,960,000

Contingency 10% 396,000

Fees 4,356,000

Professional Fees - allowance 15% 653,400

653,400

5,405,400

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 5,400,000

Basis of Cost Estimate 1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Page 6 of 15 Option 1d

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Library at Geo IV Bridge 4,090 Bank 1,550 Annex 1,890 Vaults 2,825 Gap Site n/a Existing Clinic n/a

Page 7 of 15 Option 2a

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 2A

Best Use of Existing Buildings Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for Original Library 4,090 m2 1,011.00 4,134,990 Building

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Bank Building 1,550 m2 1,550.00 2,402,500

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Annex 1,890 m2 1,111.00 2,099,790

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Vaults 2,825 m2 744.00 2,101,800

New extension to west of existing building @ Geo IV Bridge on Gap site (six storey building) 4,645 m2 2,750.00 12,773,750

Total construction Cost 23,512,830

Contingency 10% 2,351,283 25,864,113 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 15% 3,879,617

3,879,617

29,743,730

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 29,700,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Page 8 of 15 Option 2a

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank n/a Annex n/a Vaults n/a Gap n/a Clinic n/a

Page 9 of 15 Option 2b

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 2B

Disposal of the Vaults Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for Original Library 4,090 m2 1,011.00 4,134,990 Building

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Bank Building 1,550 m2 1,550.00 2,402,500

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Annex 1,890 m2 1,111.00 2,099,790

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Vaults n/a m2 -

New extension to west of existing building @ Geo IV Bridge on Gap & Clinic sites 7,470 m2 2,750.00 20,542,500

Total construction Cost 29,179,780

Contingency 10% 2,917,978 32,097,758 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 13% 4,172,709

4,172,709

36,270,467

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 36,300,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Page 10 of 15 Option 2b

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank n/a Annex n/a Vaults 2,825 100% of area Gap n/a Clinic n/a

Page 11 of 15 Option 2c

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 2C

Disposal of the Vaults & the Annexe Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for Original Library 4,090 m2 1,011.00 4,134,990 Building

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Bank Building 1,550 m2 1,550.00 2,402,500

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Annex n/a m2 -

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Vaults n/a m2 -

New extension to west of existing building @ Geo IV Bridge on Gap & Clinic sites 9,360 m2 2,750.00 25,740,000

Total construction Cost 32,277,490

Contingency 10% 3,227,749 35,505,239 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 12% 4,260,629

4,260,629

39,765,868

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 39,800,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Page 12 of 15 Option 2c

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank n/a Annex 1,890 100% of area Vaults 2,825 100% of area Gap n/a Clinic n/a

Page 13 of 15 Option 2d

The City of Edinburgh Council Edinburgh Central Library Strategic Options Study - Options Costs

OPTION 2D

Disposal of the Vaults, the Annexe & the Bank Building

Notional GIFA (m2) 15,000

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for Original Library 4,090 m2 1,011.00 4,134,990 Building

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Bank Building n/a m2 -

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Annex n/a m2 -

Space retained @ Geo IV Bridge & refurbished/altered as described in LDN Outline Schedule of Works for the Vaults n/a m2 -

New extension to west of existing building @ Geo IV Bridge on Gap & Clinic sites 10,910 m2 2,750.00 30,002,500

Total construction Cost 34,137,490

Contingency 10% 3,413,749 37,551,239 Fees

Professional Fees - allowance 12% 4,506,149

4,506,149

42,057,388

Total Order of Cost Estimate (Including Fees) say 42,100,000

Basis of Cost Estimate

1. Indicative allowances based on present day estimated costs/values (current as at 1Q07) 2. Floor areas as advised by LDN 3. Outline Schedule of Works prepared by LDN

Exclusions

Page 14 of 15 Option 2d

6. VAT

Areas of existing accommodation @ Geo IV Bridge released for disposal/other useage

Bank 1,550 100% of area Annex 1,890 100% of area Vaults 2,825 100% of area Gap n/a Clinic n/a

Page 15 of 15