Marchmont St Giles’ Graveyard Walk War and Warriors Cpl John Howie 2nd Lieut George Howie died 1 died 21st March 1918 aged 21 aged 30 K Company, 3rd Battalion attached to 3rd special battalion, 16th Battalion Royal Scots Royal Engineers “RIP UNTIL THE DAY His name is on the Arras DAWNS AND THE Memorial, along with SHADOWS FLEE AWAY” 35,000 other soldiers Buried at Ration farm whose remains were not (L a Plus Douve) Annexe, discovered. Belgium He died on the first day of The graveyard is south of the German Spring Ypres, north of Offensive of 1918 which Armentieres and just was the last major German north of Ploegstreet offensive of the war called Wood, with 11,000 and he names on memorial was on the front line at without graves. Arras.

Sons of Mr and Mrs John Howie, 32 Street Major General Frederick Roome, 1783-1845

He was the son and brother of Major Generals He served in the Indian Army Frederick married Evander McIver Roome born 1796 - 1875 (born Morrison) in 1824, at age 40 she was 28 Evander is buried in the graveyard although her husband is buried in Bombay.

They had 6 children. Frederick seems to have been married before Evander and his first wife was Indian. He appears to have had 4 other children.

Lieut Andrew Ronald Lusk Died aged 21 on 30th June 1942 1st Batt, Kings Own Royal Regiment Lancaster He is commemorated on the El Alamein War Memorial. The Alamein Memorial forms the entrance to the El Alamein War Cemetery in Egypt. The memorial commemorates nearly 12,000 servicemen of the who died in the Western Desert campaigns of the Second World War including the Battle of El Alamein. He died the day before the major German Offensive called the first battle of El Alamein. David James Theodore Lusk Flying Officer Died aged 24 on 7th May 1940 22 Squadron of Royal Air Force He is buried in the Jonkerbos Cemetery. His grave stone reads “NOR HEIGHT, NOR DEPTH, ... SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD” Both David and Andrew were the brothers of Mary Lusk whose married name was Levison, who was the woman who campaigned for the Ordination of Women in the Church of Scotland.

Major General Charles Irvine Indian Army Born on 17 February 1823, Tarves, Aberdeen. Father Alexander Forbes Irvine, mother Margaret Hamilton. He became an Officer in the Honorable East India Company Service, before joining the 51st North India Company, then afterwards the Punjab Infantry. in 1843 he went through the Gwalior campaign; he was present at the Battle of Punnair, where he was awarded a medal; he took part in the first Sutlej campaign 1845-46, his regiment being em- ployed on escort of seige trains; he was present at first and second seiges of Mooltan 1848-49, where he was again awarded a medal; was, at time of outbreak of Inidan Mutiny, in command of Fort Michmie, and later second in command of his regiment. He went with the same regiment on Expedition to China under SIr Hope Grant 1860-61; he was present in Looshai Expedition 1865 (medal). He joined the Bengal Staff Corps on its foundation, and retired with the rank of Major General 23 January 1875. Captain James Donaldson Died 23/08/1917 Aged 39 7th Battalion attached to the 9th Battalion, the (Royal Highlanders) Son of Mr and Mrs Donaldson, of Arncroach, ; husband of Helen Donaldson, of 7, Briarwood Terrace, West Park Road, Dundee. He was killed at the 3rd Battle of Ypres – Paschendaele. He is buried in Brandhoek New Military Cemetery No 3, Which contains 975 First World War burials.

This grave marks men who died in Scotland and who had close local connections. Little is known about them, although they probably died of illness or a time after they received wounds. Serjeant WILLIAM CAMPBELL Service Number 3065 Died 26/01/1915 5th Bn. Royal Scots Husband of Henrietta Aitken Shaw Ogilvie 13, Viewforth Square, . Awarded Territorial Force Efficiency Medal. Died of pneumonia Private C Francis Service Number 10957 Died 29/05/1918 aged 24 King's Own Scottish Borderers Flight Cadet JOHN WOOD MACKAY Service Number 110338 Died 13/06/1918 Aged 18 39th Sqdn. Royal Air Force, THE Squadron was based in and spent the war fighting Gotha Bombers and Zepellins. Son of Donald and Frances MacKay, 38, Spottiswoode St., Edinburgh. He died while flying. Private J TRAYNOR Service Number 45010 Died 10/02/1919 16th Bn. Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) Serjeant JAMES JUDE Service Number 7255957 Died 22/01/1946 Aged 43 Royal Army Medical Corps Son of Alexander and Mary Jude; husband of Mary Ann Jude, of Edinburgh. Little is known about James Jude, however, it is the one grave stone in this cemetery which a stone of The Commonwealth War Grave.

Lieutenant ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL BROWN, WS Died 27/05/1918 Aged 35 "A" Bty. 95th Bde. Royal Field Artillery Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Brown, of Edinburgh. " Faragon," Murrayfield

Archibald was commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant Royal Field Artillery in December 1915. He served in with A 95 Battery from 2nd September 1916 till 27th May 1918. He was promoted Lieutenant August 1917. He was killed on 27th May 1918 at Berry-au-Bac on the Aisne. He lies in the Jonquery Cemetery near Reims. Inscribed on his stone is “ELDEST SON OF ARCHIBALD GEORGE BROWN W.S. EDINBURGH LIEUTENANT ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL BROWN”. Jonchery-sur-Vesle British Cemetery was made after the Armistice, by the collection of graves from the battlefields and other cemeteries. There are now over 350, 1914-18 war casualties commemorated in this site. Of these, over two-thirds are unidentified and special memorials are erected to five soldiers from the United Kingdom, buried in other cemeteries, whose graves could not be found. The cemetery covers an area of 1,376 square metres and is enclosed by a low flint rubble wall. Lieutenant PETER JOHN STEWART MCPHAIL, BA WS Died 26/11/1918 Aged 30 Royal Garrison Artillery Son of Peter and Catherine McEwan McPhail, of 7, Craigmillar Park, Edinburgh. Died at Winchester and is buried here. He Joined the Officer Training Corps in September 1915, and after training obtained a Commission as 2nd Lieutenant in Royal Garrison Artillery. He went to France in January 1917, where he was slightly wounded in March 1918 and afterwards suffered from shell-shock. In May 1918 found unfit for general service and returned to this country. In November 1918 contracted pneumonia and died on 26th of that month at Magdalene Camp Hospital, Winchester. Prior to his death he was promoted to Lieutenant and also served as a Temporary Adjutant. Peter senior was a prosperous merchant in Edinburgh, who gave the sum of £2,000 in 1919 to the Kenmore Nursing Association to form a memorial of his only son. The Marquis of Breadalbane at the same time intimated his intention to grant a perpetual title to the Association for the cottage occupied by the nurse in the village of Kenmore; and the Association has since been called "The Stewart McPhail Memorial Nursing Association.”

Captain DOUGLAS MARSHALL STEWART Died 03/01/1919 Aged 24 4th Bn. Royal Scots A son of Mr. John and Jane. Stewart. He was born in 1894, and went through George Watson’s from 1902-12. He was in the OTC, 1907-12, and left with the rank of Colour Sergeant. He began the study of agriculture, and previous to the war was gazetted to the 4th Royal Scots. He went with his unit through the Gallipoli, Egyptian, and Palestine campaigns 1915-17 and rose to the rank of Captain. He was wounded in the head at the third battle of Gaza on 2nd November 1917, and died at Edinburgh on 3rd January, 1919. Serjeant WILLIAM ARCHIBALD AITKEN Died 11/05/1941 aged 39 1st County of London (Westminster) Battalion Of the Home Guard. Son of William Robertson and Janet Shadforth Aitken (nee Hoggan), of Sunderland, Co. Durham; husband of May Katherine Aitken, of Edinburgh.

The worst air raid on London during the Blitz took place on 10-11 May 1941. Destruction was spread out all over the city, with German bombers targeting all bridges west of Tower Bridge, factories on the south side of the Thames, the warehouses at Stepney, and the railway line that ran north from Elephant and Castle. 505 bombers flew to London on the night of 10 May, the full moon lighting their snaking path along the Thames. The German pilots had 15 minutes to locate and bomb their targets once they reached London, but still the bombing lasted nearly seven hours, starting at 11pm on 10 May and continuing until the all-clear sounded at 5.50am the next morning. British anti-aircraft batteries and RAF nightfighters managed to shoot down 33 planes, but despite their best efforts,10-11 May 1941 was one of the most destructive raids of the war. The House of Commons, one of the best-known landmarks in Westminster, burned that night. In the House, the raging fire caused the roof to collapse. William Sansom, a volunteer fireman, remembered that: “in the morning there was nothing left of the famous House but a charred, black, smouldering, steaming ruin. The Bar no longer stood to check intruders. The Speaker’s chair was lost. The green-padded leathern lines of seats were charred and drenched. The ingenious, ingenuous, most typical gothic innovations of the old period had gone for ever; and with them the Chamber, its Press Gallery, its Strangers’ and Ladies’ galleries.” The night of 10-1 May 1941 marked the last major raid of the Blitz. It inflicted the highest number of casualties of any single night raid of the London Blitz: 1,436 Londoners killed and over 2,000 others seriously injured. Sir George Washington Brown was a Renowned Scottish architect. He designed a number of buildings , including Central Library, Braid Church in Nile Grove, the Sick Kids Hospital, and among others the Edward VII Memorial Gates at . He lost all 3 sons in the Great War. George Washington Browne went on to design seven war memorials between 1919 and 1921. He was knighted in 1926, admitted as a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects and

Second Lieutenant GEORGE BROWNLIE BROWNE Died 07/02/1916 Aged 23 10th Bn. attd. 9th Bn. Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) Son of G. Washington Browne, R.S.A, of Randolph Cliff, Edinburgh, and of the late Jessie B. Brownlie, “THE MORE DANGER ATTACHED TO DUTY THE MORE THOROUGHLY DID HE DO IT” He was a member of the Cadet Corps, and broke the school record in the cross-country race. After leaving school, he went to Ceylon for tea and rubber planting, and later to Southern India, returning to Scotland in 1915. Gazetted Second Lieutenant, 10th Black Watch, on 7 May 1915, he went to France in the December, attached to the 9th Battalion, and was killed in action on 7 February 1916, age 23, in the trenches near Loos. His Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel John Stewart, wrote: “Your boy was absolutely devoid of fear. He took part in a most successful bombing attack on 25 January, and in my report on the matter I specially mentioned your son's name, and I think that he would in all probability have been mentioned in Despatches for his gallant conduct on that occasion.” He is buried in Vermelles Cemetery designed by Sir Herbert Baker. Private HEW EDWARDS BROWNE Service Number 17572 Died 01/07/1916 Aged 21 15th Bn. Royal Scots Hew, born in Roslin, in 1895, was the youngest of the three sons of George Washington Browne RSA, architect, and Jessie Brownlie. When Hew left George Heriot’s School, he became a pupil photographer before joining up with the 1st City of Edinburgh (Pals) battalion, designated the 15th Battalion, of the Royal Scots in 1914. Pals battalions, which were made up of volunteers from the same locality or business, were introduced to encourage young men to join up with their friends. The 15th Battalion was also known as Cranston’s, named for a former Lord Provost of Edinburgh. It was raised in Edinburgh in September 1914, attracting volunteers from Edinburgh itself and with a strong contingent from Manchester, and arrived in France in January 1916. He died on the first day of the battle of the between La Bolselle and . The first day of the , in northern France, was the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army and one of the most infamous days of World War One. On 1 , the British forces suffered 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 fatalities. They gained just three square miles of territory.

Leslie Aitchison Browne Leslie was George’s eldest son.He graduated BSc, University of Edinburgh, was attached to Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry in France during the War and was severely wounded in 1916 at Ypres. He survived the war. , but never fully recovered from his injuries. He worked as a Research Chemist after the War and died at Peebles on 1 September 1922, age 32. The cause of his death was pulmonary tuberculosis, officially recognised by the Canadian Government as the result of his wartime service. He is the only son buried with his parents. Captain JOHN RANKINE BROWN Died 23/04/1917 Aged 31 7th Battalion. Highland Light Infantry Son of the Rev. John Brown, D.D., and Margaret Romanes Brown, of 23, Ainsley Place, Edinburgh. Native of Bellahouston, . HE is buried in the Deir El Belah military cemetery in Palestine. His grave inscription reads “FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH” John Rankine Brown was the eldest son of the Very Reverend Dr. Brown, of Bellahouston, and grandson of the Very Reverend Dr Rankine of Sorn, both of whom were Moderators of the General Assembly. He was born on the 4th April 1886 and went to the High School of Glasgow when he was only nine years old. At 15 he entered the University of Glasgow, where he carried on his career of unbroken success, winning the Cowan Gold Medal in Latin and Greek, the Blackstone Medal in Greek, and the Luke Historical Prize for best examination in Ancient Greek and Roman History, finishing up with the Snell Exhibition and an inevi- table First Class Honours in Classics. At Oxford he matriculated at Balliol in 1905, and secured First Classes in Classical Moderations, and in final school of Literae Humaniores. He also won the Ferguson Scholarship in Classics. After graduation he decided to specialise in Ancient History, and was classical assistant in Armstrong College, Newcastle. He also studied in Berlin, travelled in Greece, Turkey and Asia Minor. Finally he was appointed to a Fellowship in Pembroke College, Oxford, and as lectur- er in Classics and Ancient History. During his residence in Berlin he became convinced that there was a serious danger of war between this country and Germany, and with his characteristic keen and practical sense of duty he decided that he ought to undergo some military training. He received a Territorial commission in the 7th Battalion. Highland Light Infantry, and was mobilised at the outbreak of war. He served in the Gallipoli campaign, and was invalided home in October 1915. In March 1916, he was sent to Egypt. Captain John Rankine Brown was mortally wounded in the Battle of Gaza on the 21st April 1917, and died on the 23rd. The cemetery was begun towards the end of March and remained in use until March 1919. Most of the burials were made either from field ambulances from March to June 1917.

Second Lieutenant GEORGE JAMES RANKINE BROWN Died 21/05/1917 aged 23 2nd Bn. Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) Son of the Very Rev. John Brown, D.D., and Margaret R. Brown, of Bellahouston, Glasgow. George James Rankine Brown was the third son of Dr John Brown.

Born on the 24th November 1893, he received his education at the High School of Glasgow. Before joining the Army he was engaged in the service of the Burmah Oil Company, Glasgow. He was trained in the University's Officers' Training Corps, and on the 11th January 1916, received his commission in the 11th Bn. Black Watch (Royal Highlanders).

His training was further continued in Edinburgh and at Kinross, until in September 1916, he left for India. There he spent a most enjoyable time, travelling through a considerable part of India, and visiting many places of historic interest. In March 1917, he was selected to go to Mesopotamia with the 2nd Bn. Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), and there on the 21st April, received gunshot wounds in the chest, from which he died on the 21st May, aged 23.

He is buried in Amara War Cemetery, which contains 4,621 burials of the First World War, more than 3,000 of which were brought into the cemetery after the Armistice. 925 of the graves are unidentified. In 1933, all of the headstones were removed from this cemetery when it was discovered that salts in the soil were causing them to deteriorate. Instead a screen wall was erected with the names of those buried in the cemetery engraved upon it. Amara is a town on the left bank of the Tigris some 520 kilometres from the sea. The War Cemetery is a little east of the town between the left bank of the river and the Chahaila Canal. The cemetery was destroyed during the Iraq war and will be rebuilt by the Commission once the current climate of political instability improves.

Captain WILLIAM SANDILANDS BROWN Died 14/10/1918 Aged 26 3rd Battalion North Son of The Very Rev. Dr. Brown and Margaret Romanes Brown, of "Romanhouse," Hallhead Rd., Edinburgh. Born at Bellahouston, Glasgow. His gravestone records “FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH”

William joined the University of Glasgow in 1909, where he matriculated as an Arts student. He was awarded the King William's Bursary of £15 a year, In William's first year he studied Latin and Greek, followed in his second with classes in Maths, Logic, and English. In his final year he studied English and Political Economy. His interest in sports also continued during his time at University, where he gained distinction as an athlete - especially in hurdle racing. He was also a member of the University's Cricket Club for three years, and won prizes in University and Inter-University Sports. He was awarded full Sports Blues for Athletics in 1911. He graduated on the 18th June 1912 with an MA. Having graduated from Glasgow, William joined Edinburgh University to study Law, and served an apprenticeship with the firm Melville & Lindsay. After the outbreak of war, he joined the 15th Royal Scots as a private, and within seven months had been commissioned to the 3rd North Staffordshire Regiment. In 1916, William was sent on active service to France, where he was at- tached to the 1st Battalion as Lewis Gun Officer. In the summer of 1917, he was sent as instructor in Machine Gunnery to the 2nd Army School of In- struction at Wisque. After a year there here was transferred to the King's Own Scottish Borderers, where he was given command of the company. Ten days later Lieutenant William Sandilands Brown was killed during the cap- ture of Uniform Farm. He is buried at Hooge Crater Cemetery.

Second Lieutenant HAROLD HALSTEAD BROWN Died 18/07/1916 aged 19 Gordon Highlanders Harold Halstead Brown was the youngest son of the late Very Reverend John Brown. He was born on the 24th October 1896. On leaving the High School of Glasgow, he proceeded to the University, entering on the Arts side. There he joined the Officer Training Corps, from which he obtained his commission in the Gordon Highlanders in March 1915. He left for the front on the 1st June 1915, and was attached to the 2nd Bat- talion Seaforths, then at Ypres. Later he was invalided home. He rejoined the 3rd Battalion Gordon Highlanders in September, and left again for the front on the 7th March 1916. He was attached to the 1st Bn. Gordon Highlanders, and with them took part in an attack on Delville Wood on the 18th July, and fell in action, aged 29. His name is inscribed on the , in France.

THe Battle of Delville Wood was part of the Somme Campaign. On the 18th 400 shells per minute fell into and the wood, along with heavy rain, which filled shell-craters. The German infantry attacked from the east, north and north-east. They were cut down by small-arms fire as soon as they advanced and no more attempts were made to advance beyond the interme- diate line. By afternoon, the north perimeter had been pushed further south by Ger- man attacks. Hand-to-hand fighting occurred all over the wood. A German officer wrote ... Delville Wood had disintegrated into a shattered wasteland of shattered trees, charred and burning stumps, craters thick with mud and blood, and corpses, corpses everywhere. In places they were piled four deep. Worst of all was the lowing of the wounded. It sounded like a cattle ring at the spring fair.... Second Lieutenant JOHN STUART Died 28/07/1918 aged 20 3rd Bn. Attached to the 4th/5th Battalion of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) He was the son of Mrs. and the late Mr William Stuart, of Luffness Mill House, Aberlady, Scotland. His gravestone says: “HE BEING MADE PERFECT IN A SHORT TIME FULFILLED A LONG TIME”. He is buried in Buzancy cemetery. Buzancy was reached (though not held) by the 1st American Division on the 21st July, 1918, after an advance begun on the 18th. It was attacked by the 15th (Scottish) and 34th Divisions on the 23rd July, and taken on the 28th.

Major DONALD STUART Service Number 32154 Died 05/08/1940 Aged 34 Gordon Highlanders Son of William and Susan Campbell Stuart; husband of Elizabeth Stuart, of Fleet, Hampshire. He is buried in Ramleh Cemetery and the inscription on his grave reads: DEVOTED, BELOVED HUSBAND, FATHER, SON & BROTHER. "LIFE IS ETERNAL; AND LOVE IS IMMORTAL"

The Cemetery houses graves from both the 1st and 2nd World Wars. There are 1168 graves from the Second World War.