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Pest and Disease Incursions: Risks, Threats and Management in Papua New Guinea

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Pest and Disease Incursions: Risks, Threats and Management in Papua New Guinea PNGPlantProt.book Page 1 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in Papua New Guinea Papers presented at the 2nd Papua New Guinea Plant Protection Conference, Kokopo, East New Britain Province, 8–10 November 2004 Editor: T.V. Price Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2006 PNGPlantProt.book Page 2 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a special research competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES This series of publications contains technical information resulting from ACIAR-supported programs, projects and workshops (for which proceedings are not published), reports on Centre-supported fact-finding studies, or reports on other topics resulting from ACIAR activities. Publications in the series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and scientific institutions and are also available from ACIAR’s website at <www.aciar.gov.au>. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra, ACT 2601 Price, T.V., ed., 2006. Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in Papua New Guinea. Papers presented at the 2nd Papua New Guinea Plant Protection Conference, Kokopo, East New Britain Province, 8–10 November 2004. Canberra, ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62, 199p. ISBN 1 86320 464 4 print ISBN 1 86320 465 2 online Cover design: Design One Solutions Technical editing and desktop operations: Clarus Design Pty Ltd Printing: Elect Printing PNGPlantProt.book Page 3 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Foreword Papua New Guinea is an important partner country for ACIAR, reflecting the long-term relationship between Australia and PNG. Village-based agriculture supports between 70 and 80 per cent of the PNG population with domestic trading of fresh produce a very important source of cash incomes. Crop protection is vital to sustain this sector. The papers in this publication include reports from several projects supported by ACIAR. One project, which is active in PNG, Indonesia and Australia, has mapped sug- arcane pests and diseases. Research has now extended to survey key areas to build up a comprehensive picture of pest and disease distribution. In other projects, pests of horticulture crops, the Oribius weevil and the red-banded mango caterpillar, are being studied. The damage caused by the weevil has been deter- mined, and treatments to exclude adult weevils from some plants have resulted in price premiums of up to 200 per cent. The use of biocontrol agents against the invasive weed Chromolaena continues to gain momentum in PNG. A new control agent — a stem galling fly — has been widely released and is established at many sites. ACIAR is pleased to be able to publish this series of papers, which were presented at the 2nd Papua New Guinea Plant Protection Conference. I congratulate the researchers working on plant protection in Papua New Guinea on forming their association and wish them well in the future. Peter Core Director Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research From: Price, T.V., ed., 2006. Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in 3 Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62. PNGPlantProt.book Page 4 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM PNGPlantProt.book Page 5 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Contents Foreword 3 Preface 9 Opening remarks by the Governor of East New Britain Province 11 Keynote address Plant pest incursions: risks, threats and management G.V. Maynard 14 Crop pests and management Incidence of pathogens naturally associated with taro beetles in sugarcane fields in Papua New Guinea A.N. Simbiken 20 Pest species of Oribius Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorhynchinae) and their host plants in PNG [Abstract only] M.M. Ero, T. Clarke, P. Wesis and B. Niangu 24 Incidence and distribution of Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) in coffee plantations in the Eastern Highlands and Madang provinces of Papua New Guinea A.N. Simbiken 25 The use of sticky traps to study seasonal dispersal activity of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), in Papua New Guinea S.A. Sar 31 Conservation of sugarcane germplasm: survey of Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and northern Australia L.S. Kuniata, R.C. Magarey and G. Rauka 36 Efficacy of neem extract, Delfin® (Bt) and Orthene® on lepidopterous insect pests in cabbages in the Gazelle Peninsula of Papua New Guinea P. Mwayawa 43 Evaluation of four insecticides as part of an integrated pest management strategy for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., in the highlands of Papua New Guinea J. Wemin and P. Wesis 49 From: Price, T.V., ed., 2006. Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in 5 Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62. PNGPlantProt.book Page 6 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Breeding sites of major coconut beetle pest Scapanes australis Boisd. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea, Dynastinae) in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea P. Gende, T. Kakul, S. Laup and S. Embupa 57 Farmer perceptions of coffee pests in Boana district, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea A.N. Simbiken 60 Diseases and management Evaluation of fungicides against potato late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) on susceptible and tolerant potato varieties S. Hariki 66 Preliminary assessment of two inorganic copper-based fungicides against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in the tropical highlands of Papua New Guinea D. Minemba and P. Sovo 71 Improvement of compost mounding systems [Abstract only] R. Raatsch 75 Development of management strategies for ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane at Ramu Sugar, Papua New Guinea L.S. Kuniata, G. Rauka and R.C. Magarey 76 The role of tissue culture in the revival of the potato industry in Papua New Guinea V. Mero 82 A preliminary study of interrupting the epidemiological cycle of Phytophthora palmivora: integrated disease management of cocoa in relation to cocoa cropping cycle Y. Namaliu, J.T. Vano and J.K. Konam 84 Evaluation of disease on new planting materials developed at the Cocoa and Coconut Institute with potential for release to farmers in Papua New Guinea A.B. Kamuso and J.K. Konam 89 Disease performance of international cocoa clones at the Cocoa and Coconut Institute, Papua New Guinea A.B. Kamuso, R. Wennani, J. Saul and J.K. Konam 94 Diversity of Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa in Papua New Guinea J. Saul 100 Keynote address Plant protection in the 21st century: new developments, trends and training requirements T.V. Price 106 Weeds and management The importance of proper weed control in young hybrid cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Papua New Guinea D.S. Yinil, M.S. Powell and H. Tangbil 110 From: Price, T.V., ed., 2006. Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in 6 Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62. PNGPlantProt.book Page 7 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Status and management of invasive weed Chromolaena odorata in Papua New Guinea [Abstract only] I. Bofeng 118 Control of Monstera species in cocoa: a preliminary investigation using various herbicide mixtures D.S. Yinil 119 Pest incursions and quarantine Invasive weeds: impacts, prevention, detection and responses W. Orapa 124 An overview of pest incursions in Papua New Guinea over the past 20 years R. Masamdu 132 Spread of citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease following incursion into Papua New Guinea [Abstract only] R. Davis, T. Gunua, M. Kame, D.I. Tenakana and T. Ruabete 136 Impact of some food-crop disease outbreaks in Papua New Guinea P. Kokoa 137 The PNG pest list database and its uses in quarantine surveillance and pest management R. Masamdu 144 Coconut inflorescence borer, Synneschodes papuana (Lepidoptera: Brachodidae), an important new pest of coconut in Papua New Guinea T. Kakul, M. Aloysius and K. Samai 146 Overview of internal plant quarantine and the challenges in Papua New Guinea R. Masamdu 151 The value of early detection and internal quarantine boundaries in the management of incursions: some examples in plant protection from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea J.F. Grimshaw, B.M. Waterhouse and M.P. Weinert 154 Red-banded mango caterpillar, Deanolis sublimbalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Odontinae), in Papua New Guinea D. Tenakanai, F. Dori and K. Kurika 161 Some aspects of banana entomology in northern Australia: what can we apply to Papua New Guinea? [Abstract only] B. Pinese 166 Pest and disease identification EntomID-PNG — a digital image database of the insects of Papua New Guinea M. Wiemers and M. Ero 168 From: Price, T.V., ed., 2006. Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in 7 Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62. PNGPlantProt.book Page 8 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Use of molecular markers in managing plant pests and diseases: a PNG perspective B. Nass-Komolong and M. Maino 174 The distribution of oryctes baculovirus in different species of Scarabaeidae on New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea A. Schuhbeck and J. Bokosou 184 A comparison of Colletotrichum species associated with berry diseases of Coffea arabica L. M.K. Kenny, V.J. Galea, P.T. Scott and T.V. Price 194 From: Price, T.V., ed., 2006. Pest and disease incursions: risks, threats and management in 8 Papua New Guinea. Canberra, ACIAR Technical Reports No. 62. PNGPlantProt.book Page 9 Wednesday, May 24, 2006 4:03 PM Preface The first Papua New Guinea (PNG) Plant/Crop Protection Conference was held at Lae in February 2002, and was sponsored by the Australian Contribution to the National Agricultural Research Service (ACNARS) and organised by the National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI).
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