The Fort Wayne Vine

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

Taylor University Pillars at Taylor University TUFW Alumni Publications Publications for TUFW and Predecessors Spring 2013 The orF t Wayne Vine Fort Wayne Alumni Center Heritage Association Follow this and additional works at: https://pillars.taylor.edu/tufw-alumni-publications Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Fort Wayne Alumni Center Heritage Association, "The orF t Wayne Vine" (2013). TUFW Alumni Publications. 16. https://pillars.taylor.edu/tufw-alumni-publications/16 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications for TUFW and Predecessors at Pillars at Taylor University. It has been accepted for inclusion in TUFW Alumni Publications by an authorized administrator of Pillars at Taylor University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CARE Spring 2013 CONNECT 008 CELEBRATE opefully spring has sprung in your area of the country or the world. It seemed like winter went on and on this year. Fort Wayne did not Hreceive much snow, but we had many cloudy, cold days—my least favorite. Despite the long winter, made more difficult by the loss of our dear friends Cyril Eicher g32 and Violet (Egly) Ringenberg g45, I am thankful for the increased FW Vine is published two times opportunities I had to visit with Fort Wayne campus per year for Fort Wayne Campus alumni for Share YOUR Voice sessions. alumni and friends by the In each of these times together, we talked about the Fort Wayne Alumni & Friends creation of the Fort Wayne Alumni & Friends Resource Resource Center and the Taylor Center—its purpose and mission. We talked about key University Alumni Relations functions and words. We talked about perceptions Office. Copyright ©2013 Taylor and realities. I truly enjoyed dialoguing with and University®. listening to our alumni. While we are not finished, as I want to hear from Send address corrections and mailing updates to: more of you outside the Fort Wayne area, I believe Fort Wayne Alumni & Friends we have concluded that our mission has to be about Resource Center, 915 W. Rudisill caring, connecting, and celebrating what God has Blvd., Fort Wayne, IN 46807, or done and continues to do through our Fort Wayne call (260) 744-8790. campus alumni community. E-mail: [email protected] or Fortunately, God brought Kathryn Fenstermacher online at fw.taylor.edu c13, a Professional Writing intern, to pick up much of the writing of our publications, the FW Falcon Opinions expressed by e-newsletter, the FW Vine mini-magazine, and Fruit individuals in this publication do from the Vine, our new blog. This allowed me more not necessarily reflect the views time to work on a four-year review for the Taylor of Taylor University®. University President’s Cabinet and to attend more Share YOUR Voice sessions. The Fort Wayne campus was founded in 1904 as the Fort Thank you Kathryn! You have been a God-send, and Wayne Bible Training School. I believe our alumni will truly appreciate your work and It was renamed Fort Wayne ministry in this issue of the FW Vine. Our focus is on Bible Institute, Fort Wayne communicating how we are caring, connecting, and Bible College, Summit Christian celebrating with a plan for our continuance. Hope to College and later became Taylor hear YOUR voice soon. University Fort Wayne. Founded in 1846, Taylor University is one We care, connect, and celebrate, of America’s oldest Christian liberal arts colleges. Over 2,000 graduate and undergraduate students from 46 states and 24 foreign countries attend Taylor, where majors in 50 fields of study Michael D. Mortensen g91 are available. Director of FW Alumni & Friend Relations 4 Cover to Cover A Kingdom View Alumni and friends remember "Prayer Mom" Violet Ringenberg and look for ways to continue her legacy of care. 2 A Legacy of Giving The Eicher family carries on the campus legacy—even after death. 6 Distinguished Campus Servants Check out the newest faces on our Distinguished Campus Servants page. (http://fw.taylor.edu/distinguished-servant/) 9 2 CARE A Kingdom View Violet Ringenberg, 1923-2013 passes on the "Prayer Mom" baton by Kathryn Fenstermacher cs13 oyful. Hospitable. Supportive. Faithful. basis. “She was such a faithful friend of the alumni Prayerful. and friends,” said friend and fellow Auxiliary J Hundreds of words could describe member Ruth Steiner gTU51, whose husband beloved friend and “Ma” Violet (Egly) Paul gTU50 served as the FWBC Chairman of Ringenberg g45, who entered her the Board. “When you were around her you had Heavenly Home on Feb. 4, 2013. Violet was that positive, can-do feeling.” one of the most cherished servants to grace Violet was admired for her leadership the Fort Wayne campus, devoting more than in many areas on campus. But she is 50 years of service to students and alumni remembered most for her participation in the alike. Many still grieve the woman who was Auxiliary’s “Prayer Mom” ministry, serving as a mother to them in so many ways, gently a prayer mom to more than 30 students over guiding them during their student days. the years. The program paired students with They face emptiness where her welcoming Auxiliary members committed to praying figure once stood. But sorrow blends for them throughout the year. Some prayer with joy as we reflect on Violet’s life and moms chose to invest further, inviting envision the beautiful ways her legacy of students into their homes and getting to caring will continue in the future. know them personally. Violet was among Violet’s primary legacy was one of prayer. them. “I think she probably did that more than Whether leading within the Women’s many of us,” said Caroline (Perry) Gerig g61, Auxiliary or volunteering for Phonathon, wife of former FWBC President Don Gerig she always had a prayer on her lips. As head g62, who served with Violet in the Women’s of FW Alumni Volunteer Prayer Team until Auxiliary. “She was a special person.” 2013, Violet received prayer requests from But Violet didn’t have to be an official alumni around the world and prayed for prayer mom to invest in students’ lives. each by name. “She was an encourager,” said Rich Sommer g79, a classmate and Joyce (Wiggle) Gerig fs61, a close friend roommate of Violet’s son Gary g79, claimed and volunteer. “If you had a prayer concern, Violet was like an adopted mother to him. you knew ‘Vi’ was going to pray about it.” He occasionally stayed overnight at the No less important was Violet’s commitment Ringenberg home, did his laundry there to service, especially involving relationships. As once or twice, and was part of a large crowd a pastor’s wife, Violet’s door was always open. of students the family regularly invited over She loved students, and made herself accessible after church. “We’d have 18 to 32 kids at to them by attending campus events on a regular her dinner table every Sunday afternoon,” Sommer said. “She kept doing it year after in the sense that what was important [to God] year, month after month. Her hospitality was important to her.” was second to none.” For Violet, prayer and service were Kelly McMichael g76 and his wife were foremost. Sommer said Violet taught students among the weekly visitors to the Ringenberg what Christian service is all about. “Violet was household. McMichael met Violet through a great visionary,” he said. “She always knew Woodburn Missionary Church where he if she helped us, that we were going to be able completed his Christian Service assignment. to impact other people.” Violet didn’t need to “She was very supportive of my work there,” step into a classroom to do so. She modeled it McMichael said, “and often encouraged me through her life. in that.” McMichael, who did not have a close Outside the classroom, on a deeply relationship with his mother, developed a personal level, Violet upheld the Fort Wayne special relationship with Violet, whom he campus legacy in her own special way. The considered his “surrogate” mother. Resource Center now offers you a chance Violet’s mothering influence continued long to model this kind of service to students after McMichael left Fort Wayne. They kept following in your footsteps, albeit on in touch, and when Violet called him during another campus. Phonathon each year she asked what his needs In the spirit of Violet Ringenberg—a prayer were so she could pray for them by name. “I mom to many students and a mother-figure appreciated that touch that she had, that she to many more—we would like to revive the was concerned with what was happening in “Prayer Parent” program by pairing Fort my personal life,” McMichael said. “She was Wayne alumni and friends with current really one of the most significant women in students at Taylor University. ministry that I knew.” We are looking for volunteers to break Violet cared for students like they were down old barriers, to learn a new name her biological children. But she was keenly and see a new face, and to continue Violet’s aware that they were her spiritual children, work among the next generation. Accept too. “Violet had such a Kingdom view,” Steiner the baton – email [email protected]. said. “She was responsive to the heart of God 4 CELEBRATE Cover to Cover The Yalunka people of West Africa celebrate Their first complete Bible translation by Kathryn Fenstermacher cs13 t was Sunday morning, Feb. 3, 2013. A crowd gathered in the village of Yatia, Republic of Guinea, West Africa. Among Ithem were the native Yalunkas, some of whom had traveled from nearby Sierra Leone.
Recommended publications
  • Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850

    Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850

    The Texture of Change: Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Benjamin, Jody A. 2016. The Texture of Change: Cloth, Commerce and History in Western Africa 1700-1850. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493374 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Texture of Change: Cloth Commerce and History in West Africa, 1700-1850 A dissertation presented by Jody A. Benjamin to The Department of African and African American Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of African and African American Studies Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2016 © 2016 Jody A. Benjamin All rights reserved. Dissertation Adviser: Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong Jody A. Benjamin The Texture of Change: Cloth Commerce and History in West Africa, 1700-1850 Abstract This study re-examines historical change in western Africa during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the lens of cotton textiles; that is by focusing on the production, exchange and consumption of cotton cloth, including the evolution of clothing practices, through which the region interacted with other parts of the world. It advances a recent scholarly emphasis to re-assert the centrality of African societies to the history of the early modern trade diasporas that shaped developments around the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Variable Name: Identity

    Variable Name: Identity

    Data Codebook for Round 6 Afrobarometer Survey Prepared by: Thomas A. Isbell University of Cape Town January 2017 University of Cape Town (UCT) Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Centre for Social Science Research 14 W. Airport Residential Area Department of Political Science Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa P.O. Box 404, Legon-Accra, Ghana East Lansing, Michigan 48824 27 21 650 3827•fax: 27 21 650 4657 233 21 776 142•fax: 233 21 763 028 517 353 3377•fax: 517 432 1091 Mattes ([email protected]) Gyimah-Boadi ([email protected]) Bratton ([email protected]) Copyright Afrobarometer Table of Contents Page number Variable descriptives 3-72 Appendix 1: Sample characteristics 73 Appendix 2: List of country abbreviations and country-specific codes 74 Appendix 3: Technical Information Forms for each country survey 75-111 Copyright Afrobarometer 2 Question Number: COUNTRY Question: Country Variable Label: Country Values: 1-36 Value Labels: 1=Algeria, 2=Benin, 3=Botswana, 4=Burkina Faso, 5=Burundi, 6=Cameroon, 7=Cape Verde, 8=Cote d'Ivoire, 9=Egypt, 10=Gabon, 11=Ghana, 12=Guinea, 13=Kenya, 14=Lesotho, 15=Liberia, 16=Madagascar, 17=Malawi, 18=Mali, 19=Mauritius, 20=Morocco, 21=Mozambique, 22=Namibia, 23=Niger, 24=Nigeria, 25=São Tomé and Príncipe, 26=Senegal, 27=Sierra Leone, 28=South Africa, 29=Sudan, 30=Swaziland, 31=Tanzania, 32=Togo, 33=Tunisia, 34=Uganda, 35=Zambia, 36=Zimbabwe Note: Answered by interviewer Question Number: COUNTRY_R5List Question: Country Variable Label: Country in R5 Alphabetical
  • Expanded PDF Profile

    Expanded PDF Profile

    Who are the Shanga? 1.0 The Shanga language The official classification is Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa. In other words Shanga belongs to the Niger- Congo branch of languages which includes most of the indigenous languages of Sub-Saharan Africa and is classified with the Mande family of languages. Most of these languages are in the centre or west of West Africa, but Shanga is towards the east, so belongs to the Eastern sub-group. Within that sub-grouping there are two clusters of languages, each cluster having some intelligibility between speakers. The Boko/Busa cluster includes Boko, Bokobaru, Bisã and Busa Illo, and the Kyanga cluster which includes Kyanga and Shanga. Shanga is not mutually intelligible with the Boko/Busa language speakers and there is only partial intelligibility with Kyanga. Lexical similarity is 81% with Kyanga, and an average of 65% with the Boko/Busa cluster. The Shanga are called Shanga or Shangawa (plural) by the Hausa and they call themselves Sã ngã̃̀, while the Kyanga at Bakinrua call them Sɛ̃ nga. It is probable that the original name was Sɛ̃ nga and the original name of the Kyanga was Kɛ̃ nga. In francophone countries the Kyanga are known as Tienga, while in Boko they are known as Kɛ̃ a. Page | 1 The distribution of Mande family languages with Boko/Busa/Kyanga on the far right This map shows that the Kyanga people are indigenous to West Africa and did not originate in the Middle East. Eastern Mande languages Bissa Samo Busa Kyanga | | | | Barka Toma Busa Kyanga Lebir Tougan Busa Illo Shanga Boko Bokobaru The results of this research show that there are about 5,000 Shanga speakers living on the banks of the Niger River just north of Yauri in the Shanga Local Government Area of Kebbi State, with another 15,000 ethnic Shanga who have assimilated to Hausa living nearby.
  • Shape-Shifting Nature in a Contested Landscape in Guinea-Bissau

    Shape-Shifting Nature in a Contested Landscape in Guinea-Bissau

    Shape-shifting nature in a contested landscape in Guinea-Bissau Joana Vaz de Sousa Department of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Award of Doctor of Philosophy September 2014 i Abstract Studying people and wild animals based only on their strict and present-day interactions is not enough to develop a comprehensive understanding of social constructions of animal species. People encounter other species (and other people) from within particular historical, social, ecological and economic settings. In 13 months of fieldwork, I adopted a multi-disciplinary perspective, using qualitative ethnographic tools alongside quantitative ecological and interviewing approaches to seek for an in-depth understanding that provides access to multiple views about nature and nature conservation. In southern Guinea-Bissau, space and its history, magic and religion, changes in the landscape and environment, local livelihoods and trade, as well as local relations of power for accessing resources, all shape the social and cosmological terrain of the interactions between people and other living and non-living things. On the one hand, magical territories, the role animal figures play in witchcraft, local knowledge and its management, all portray nature as part of society, both as an element and an actor in society. On the other hand, when nature conservation initiatives based on fines and fences are emphasised, the social appropriation of nature envisions people and nature as separate, even antagonistic entities that negotiate each other’s existence. Land is the most important component of livelihoods as it is tightly connected to labour allocation and knowledge exchange.
  • Storytelling in Northern Zambia: Theory, Method, Practice and Other Necessary Fictions

    Storytelling in Northern Zambia: Theory, Method, Practice and Other Necessary Fictions

    To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/137 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Man playing the banjo, Kaputa (northern Zambia), 1976. Photo by Robert Cancel World Oral Literature Series: Volume 3 Storytelling in Northern Zambia: Theory, Method, Practice and Other Necessary Fictions Robert Cancel http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2013 Robert Cancel. Foreword © 2013 Mark Turin. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC-BY 3.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made the respective authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Further details available at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Attribution should include the following information: Cancel, Robert. Storytelling in Northern Zambia: Theory, Method, Practice and Other Necessary Fictions. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2013. This is the third volume in the World Oral Literature Series, published in association with the World Oral Literature Project. World Oral Literature Series: ISSN: 2050-7933 Digital material and resources associated with this volume are hosted by the World Oral Literature Project (http://www.oralliterature.org/collections/rcancel001.html) and Open Book Publishers (http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781909254596). ISBN Hardback: 978-1-909254-60-2 ISBN Paperback: 978-1-909254-59-6 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-909254-61-9 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-909254-62-6 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-909254-63-3 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0033 Cover image: Mr.
  • African Least-Reached** People Groups - Sorted by Country Names in English Data Source: Joshua Project, with MANI Edits

    African Least-Reached** People Groups - Sorted by Country Names in English Data Source: Joshua Project, with MANI Edits

    African Least-Reached** People Groups - Sorted by Country Names in English Data Source: Joshua Project, with MANI edits. % Evangelicals % Evangelicals Primary Language / % Primary Language / % People Name Dialect Population Adherents People Name Dialect Population Adherents Algeria (35 LR People Groups) Burkina Faso (28 LR People Groups) Algerian, Arabic-speaking Arabic, Algerian Spoken 24,161,000 0.19% Dogose, Doghosie Dogose 33,140 1.00% Arab, Iraqi Arabic, Mesopotamian Spoken 3,630 0.70% Dogoso Dogoso 11,710 1.00% Arab, Moroccan Arabic, Moroccan Spoken 144,000 0.15% Dzuun, Samogo Dzuungoo 19,120 Bedouin, Chaamba Arabic, Algerian Spoken 110,000 0.00% Fulani, Gorgal 5,850 0.10% Bedouin, Dui-Menia Arabic, Algerian Spoken 65,800 0.00% Fulani, Gurmanche 877,540 0.20% Bedouin, Laguat Arabic, Algerian Spoken 65,800 0.00% Fulani, Jelgooji 292,510 0.07% Bedouin, Nail Arabic, Algerian Spoken 30,700 0.00% Fulani, Maasina Fulfulde, Maasina 7,070 0.15% Bedouin, Ruarha Arabic, Algerian Spoken 65,800 0.00% Hausa Hausa 2,230 0.10% Bedouin, Sidi Arabic, Algerian Spoken 110,000 0.00% Jotoni, Jowulu Jowulu 1,130 1.60% Bedouin, Suafa Arabic, Algerian Spoken 65,800 0.00% Jula, Dyula Jula 273,830 0.02% Bedouin, Tajakant Arabic, Algerian Spoken 1,416,000 0.00% Karaboro, Western Karaboro, Western 49,150 2.00% Bedouin, Ziban Arabic, Algerian Spoken 219,000 0.00% Khe Khe 2,580 1.50% Belbali Korandje 3,130 0.00% Lobi, Lobiri Lobi 473,730 2.00% Berber, Figig Tamazight, Central Atlas 65,800 0.00% Maninka, Malinke Maninkakan, Eastern 121,700 1.20% Berber, Imazighen
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/01/2021 08:22:06PM Via Free Access

    Downloaded from Brill.Com10/01/2021 08:22:06PM Via Free Access

    I. CONTACT AND MULTILINGUALISM AS AN OUTCOME OF SPEAKERS IN CONTACT Journal of language contact – THEMA 3 (2010) www. jlc-journal.org Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 08:22:06PM via free access Journal of language contact – THEMA 3 (2010) www. jlc-journal.org Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 08:22:06PM via free access THE MANDE AND ATLANTIC GROUPS OF NIGER-CONGO: PROLONGED CONTACT WITH ASYMMETRICAL CONSEQUENCES G. Tucker Childs∗ Portland State University Introduction Africa features a number of long-standing contact situations between groups speaking unrelated languages. In a broad band across the sub-Saharan region from east to west many such situations can be identified, including the Atlantic-Mande contact region of western West Africa. The interaction between speakers of Atlantic languages and speakers of Mande languages has pointed predominantly in only one direction as to (linguistic) influence, namely, from Mande to Atlantic.1 Why this is so can be explained with reference to historical and socio-cultural factors. Although there are exceptions to this directionality, the exceptions actually reinforce these explanations. This paper explores the structural consequences of the contact between Mande and Atlantic and the reasons for this mono-directionality, concentrating primarily on the affected group, speakers of Atlantic languages. In terms of Mande-Atlantic interaction, the most common practice has been for speakers of Atlantic languages to adopt the culture and language of speakers of Mande languages. The main purpose of this paper is to examine a subset of the variety of language contact situations between speakers of Mande languages and speakers of Atlantic languages (hereafter “Mande” and “Atlantic”).
  • Ways of Knowing Donsoya: Environment, Embodiment and Perception Among the Hunters of Burkina Faso

    Ways of Knowing Donsoya: Environment, Embodiment and Perception Among the Hunters of Burkina Faso

    WAYS OF KNOWING DONSOYA: ENVIRONMENT, EMBODIMENT AND PERCEPTION AMONG THE HUNTERS OF BURKINA FASO A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Humanities 2014 Lorenzo Ferrarini School of Social Sciences Contents ABSTRACT 5 DECLARATION 6 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 NOTE ON LANGUAGE 10 INTRODUCTION 11 RESEARCH FOCUS AND OUTLINE OF THE WORK 12 Concepts of knowledge 15 Outline of the work 20 THE MANDE 24 A history of exchanges 26 Fluid ethnicity and society 30 PART ONE - APPROACHING DONSOYA 37 CHAPTER 1 - THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DONSOYA 38 Donsoya and its cosmology 42 The constitution of modern hunting associations 54 2 CHAPTER 2 - ACCESSING THE FIELD, ACCESSING DONSOYA 61 The initiation 66 The Dankun network 70 Exploring Adama's network 77 Between individualism and connectivity 83 PART 2 - THE HUNTER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT 89 CHAPTER 3 - THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF THE BUSH 90 Cotton and cows 91 Hunting and illegality 95 Donsoya facing environmental change 103 CHAPTER 4 - CONCEPTIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 112 The village and the bush 113 Blurring the boundaries 121 Enacting an environment 125 PART 3 - RESEARCHING SENSORY EXPERIENCE 133 CHAPTER 5 - THE EXPERIENCE OF THE BUSH 134 Learning to hunt 136 Anthropology and perception 140 An Ecological approach to perception 144 Noise and sound 149 Frustrated visions 153 Perceiving in the darkness 156 Researching experience 159 3 CHAPTER 6 - REPRESENTING THE APPRENTICESHIP 164 Representing the sensory aspects of hunting 167 Collaboration and enactment 174 Enactive poetics 179 PART 4 - FROM EMBODIMENT TO ECOLOGY 184 CHAPTER 7 - THE EMBODIMENT OF DONSOYA 185 Embodied knowledge 187 Embodying donsoya 193 Kinds of knowledge 200 CHAPTER 8 - CONNECTING KNOWLEDGE, BODY AND ENVIRONMENT 207 The materiality of knowledge 207 Fetishes 213 Beyond the semiotic 217 A donso and his fetish, a donso as a fetish 221 The ecological embodiment of knowledge 226 REFERENCES 231 4 Abstract Ways of Knowing Donsoya: Environment, Embodiment and Perception among the Hunters of Burkina Faso.
  • Beyond Jihad Ii Iii

    Beyond Jihad Ii Iii

    i Beyond Jihad ii iii Beyond Jihad The Pacifist Tradition in West African Islam LAMIN SANNEH 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978– 0– 19– 935161– 9 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v In tribute to the Jakhanke clerics who follow the pathways of tolerance and commitment with learning and humor vi vii CONTENTS Author’s Note ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Issues and Directions 1 PART ONE HISTORICAL GENESIS 21 1. Beyond North Africa: Synthesis and Transmission 42 2.
  • ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES on MANDE POPULATION MOVEMENTS, COMMERCIAL NETWORKS, and SETTLEMENT PATTERNS from the ATLANTIC WET PHASE (Ca

    ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES on MANDE POPULATION MOVEMENTS, COMMERCIAL NETWORKS, and SETTLEMENT PATTERNS from the ATLANTIC WET PHASE (Ca

    ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MANDE POPULATION MOVEMENTS, COMMERCIAL NETWORKS, AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS FROM THE ATLANTIC WET PHASE (ca. 5500-2500 B.c.) TO THE PRESENT * George E. Brooks Indiana University I In this paper I discuss known and probable migrations and areas of settle­ ment of proto-Mande and Mande-speaking groups during eight climate periods spanning the past eight millennia. Recent scholarship concerning west African climate patterns in past times has made feasible provisional periodizations of west African history that are independent of European-derived chronologies. Concomitantly, these historical periodizations offer provocative insights re­ garding such long-term processes as human migrations and settlement patterns; the diffusion of cultigens and domestic animals; the development of long- dis­ tance trade routes; and the use of horse cavalry in warfare. The provisional historical schema comprising eight climate periods and Map 1 depicting ecological zones are principally derived from the pioneering studies of Sharon E. Nicholson and of Susan and Roderick McIntosh, and from the analyses I have presented elsewhere: (1) The Atlantic Wet Phase which ex.tended from ca. 5500 to ca. 2500 B.C., was succeeded by (2) a two-and-a-half mIllennia-long period of desiccation. (3) There was a six centuries-long transi­ ton period between ca. 300 B.C. and ca. 300 A.D., during the latter part of which ecological conditions improved sufficiently to permit the development of intra­ and trans- Saharan commerce. (4) Four centuries of moderate rainfall ca. 300-ca. ~OO, and (5) four centuries of abundant rainfall ca. 700-ca. 1100, were followed bY (6) a four centuries' long dry period extending from ca.
  • Making and Managing Femaleness, Fertility and Motherhood Within An

    Making and Managing Femaleness, Fertility and Motherhood Within An

    Making and managing femaleness, fertility and motherhood within an urban Gambian area Heidi Skramstad Dissertation submitted for the degree of Dr.Polit. Department of Social Anthropology University of Bergen March 2008 ISBN 978-82-308-0600-5 Bergen, Norway 2008 Printed by Allkopi Tel: +47 55 54 49 40 For Marit Skramstad, Mama Jamba, Aji Rugie Jallow and all other great mothers Contents CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: ................................................................................................................................ 7 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 11 Organisation of the thesis............................................................................................................................ 14 SUBJECT FORMATION, DISCOURSES, HEGEMONIES AND RESISTANCE................................................................. 15 Ideology, hegemony or dominant discourses............................................................................................... 17 The discursive production of sex, gender, sexuality and fertility................................................................. 19 Women’s positions, mutedness and resistance ............................................................................................ 20 THE DISCURSIVE PRODUCTION
  • Executive Summary For

    Executive Summary For

    A GUIDE TO WORLD RESOURCES2000–2001 People and Ecosystems The Fraying Web of Life UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME WORLD BANK WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE Full ReportSeptember Forthcoming 2000 WORLD RESOURCES 2000–2001 WORLD RESOURCES REPORT PRINCIPAL PARTNERS Coastal/Marine Carol Rosen, Editor-in-Chief, United Nations Development Programme Edgardo Gomez, Marine Science since July 1999 Roberto Lenton, Charles McNeil, Institute, University of the Philippines Leslie Roberts, Editor-in-Chief, Ralph Schmidt, Susan Becker, Kathleen Sullivan Sealey, Department of before July 1999 Kristen Lewis Biology, University of Miami Gregory Mock, Senior Editor United Nations Environment Programme Ecologists/Generalists Wendy Vanasselt, Associate Editor Dan Claasen, Ashbindu Singh, Serge Antoine, Comité 21, France Janet Overton, Managing Editor Anna Stabrawa, Marion Cheatle Munyaradzi Chenje, Director, Lori Han, Production Coordinator World Bank Environment Resource Centre for Amy Wagener, Research Assistant Robert Watson, John Dixon, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe Rich Barnett, Outreach and Kirk Hamilton, Stefano Pagiola Madhav Gadgil, Centre for Ecological Marketing Director Sciences, Indian Institute of Science SENIOR ADVISORS Hiroyuki Ishi, Graduate School of Data and Maps Agriculture Frontier Science, University of Tokyo Dan Tunstall, Information Director Mary Tiffen, Drylands Research, Eugene Linden, Contributor, Robin White, Data Tables Manager United Kingdom Time Magazine Christian Ottke, Associate Biodiversity