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Kastamonu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Lepidoptera Faunası

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Kastamonu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Lepidoptera Faunası Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 15 (2) 308-318 http://dx.doi.org/10.17475/kuofd.33631 Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty Kastamonu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Lepidoptera Faunası *Erol AKKUZU1, Serkan EROL2, Eda DINGILOĞLU3, Gizem ÖZDİKMENLİ3, Hamit AYBERK4 1Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, Kastamonu 2T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, 2. Bölge Müdürlüğü, Yalova Şube Müdürlüğü, Yalova 3Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kastamonu 4İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul *Sorumlu yazar: [email protected] Geliş tarihi: 23.06.2015 Özet “Kastamonu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Lepidoptera Faunası” adlı bu çalışma, Kastamonu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırlarında yaşayan Lepidoptera faunasının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2010-2013 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Alandaki örnekleri toplamak amacıyla ışık tuzakları ve atraplardan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, alanda yayılış gösteren 15 familyaya ait 70 türün varlığı belirlenmiştir. Yakalanan türlerden, Nymphalidae familyasının 13 tür ile en zengin tür sayısına sahip olduğu bunu sırasıyla Noctuidae (12), Pieridae (10), Geometridae (8), Lycaenidae (6), Satyridae (6), Arctiidae (4), Sphingidae (3), Hesperiidae (2), Papillionidae (1), Zygaenidae (1), Pyralidae (1), Lasiocampidae (1), Saturniidae (1) ve Drepanidae (1) familyalarının takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Yakalanan türlerin 34’ünün Türkiye IUCN Kırmızı Listesi’nde LC-düşük riskli statüde yer aldığı görülmüştür. Lycaenidae familyasından Polyommatus cornelia (Gerhard, 1851) endemik, Satyridae familyasından Maniola megala (Oberthür, 1909)’nun ise “endemiğe yakın” tür grubundan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Lepidoptera, Kastamonu, Fauna, Yayılış Lepidoptera Fauna of the Forest Enterprise Directorate of Kastamonu Abstract This study named as “Lepidoptera Fauna of the Forest Enterprise Directorate of Kastamonu” was made for determining distribution and presence of Lepidoptera fauna in Kastamonu Forest Enterprise region between 2010- 2013 years. Light traps and sweep nets were used to collect the samples from the study area. A total of 70 species belonging to 15 families were identified. The family Nymphalidae was the richest with a number of 13 species. This was followed by Noctuidae (12), Pieridae (10), Geometridae (8), Lycaenidae (6), Satyridae (6), Arctiidae (4), Sphingidae (3), Hesperiidae (2), Papillionidae (1), Zygaenidae (1), Pyralidae (1), Lasiocampidae (1), Saturniidae (1), and Drepanidae (1). Thirty four of captured lepidopter species are listed in the Turkish IUCN Red List as Least Concern (LC). Polyommatus cornelia (Gerhard, 1851) (Lycaenidae) and Maniola megala (Oberthür, 1909) (Satyridae) were determined as endemic and near endemic, respectively. Key Words: Lepidoptera, Kastamonu, Fauna, Distribution Giriş Türkiye’nin kelebekleri listesi ilk İlk çağlardan günümüze kadar kayıtların gelmeye başladığı 1800’lü Lepidoptera takımına mensup türler güzel (Hesselbarth ve ark., 1995) yıllardan bu yana renkleri ve desenleri ile doğa bilimcilerin, değişmektedir. Karaçetin ve Welch (2011) entomologların ve insanların ilgisini Türkiye’de 45’i endemik, 21’i ise çoğunluğu çekmektedir. Türkiye sınırları içinde olan endemiğe yakın Canlı organizmalar içerisinde birey ve tür tür olmak üzere yaklaşık 380 kelebek türü sayısı açısından en büyük grubu böcekler bulunduğunu bildirmektedir. Dünya üzerinde oluşturmaktadır. Yeryüzünde yaşayan geniş dağılım gösteren pek çok tür, organizmaların 3/5’nin böceklerden oluştuğu Türkiye'de de yayılış göstermektedir (Price, 1997) düşünüldüğünde böceklerin (Göktürk, 2011). biyolojik çeşitliliği oluşturan önemli Türkiye’deki Kelebeklerin Kırmızı Kitabı organizma gruplarından birisi olduğu (Karaçetin ve Welch, 2011) verilerine göre, söylenebilir. Böcek takımları arasında Türkiye kelebeklerinden 1 tür Bölgede Coleoptera’dan sonra en fazla türe sahip olan Tükenmiş (RE), 3 tür Kritik (CR), 15 tür takım yaklaşık 200 bin tür ile Lepidoptera’dır Tehlikede (EN), 8 tür Duyarlı (VU), 11 tür (Avcı, 1994; Atay ve Yolcu, 2012). Tehdite Yakın (NT), 256 tür Düşük Riskli (LC), 57 tür Yetersiz Verili (DD), 27 tür 308 Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 15 (2) 308-318 Akkuzu ve ark. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty Uygulanamaz (NA) ve 2 tür (Anonim, 2013). Müdürlük, Batı Karadeniz Değerlendirilmemiş (NE) kategorisinde bölümünde Kastamonu il sınırları içerisinde listelenmektedir. yer almaktadır. Kastamonu Orman İşletme Lepidoptera takıma mensup türler Müdürlüğü´nün toplam sahası 107.030,5 ha. ekonomik olarak önem arz etmektedir. olup bunun 55.134,0 ha.´ı orman alanı ve Birçok türün larvası fitofag olup zirai bitkiler 51.896,5 ha.´ı açıklık alandan oluşmaktadır. ve orman ağaçlarında önemli zararlara neden Araştırma alanının kuzeyinde Küre Orman olmaktadır. Erginlerin çoğu ise nektar, İşletme Müdürlüğü, doğusunda Taşköprü ve yaprak özsuyu, fermantasyona uğrayan Karadere Orman İşletme Müdürlükleri, özsuyu vb. ile beslenir (Daly ve ark., 1978). güneyinde Ilgaz Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Daha önce Türkiye'nin birçok bölgesinde batısında İhsangazi ve Daday Orman İşletme kelebek türlerini saptamak amacıyla çeşitli Müdürlükleri yer almaktadır. Kastamonu faunistik çalışmalar yapılmıştır (Mathew, Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü; Bostan, 1881; Rebel, 1903; Graves, 1925, 1926; De Değirmenciler, Gölköy, Kastamonu ve Lattin, 1950, 1951; Kansu, 1963; Mol, 1977; Kuzyaka olmak üzere 5 adet Orman İşletme Kornosor, 1987; Hakyemez, 1994; Şefliği ile Fidanlık ve Ağaçlandırma Hesselbarth ve ark., 1995; Avcı, 1997; Okyar Şefiklerinden oluşmaktadır (Anonim, 2013) ve Aktac, 1998, 1999; Beşkardeş, 2002; (Şekil 1a). Akbulut ve ark., 2003; Cebeci, 2003; Akkuzu ve ark., 2007; Ayberk ve Akkuzu, 2007; Can, 2.2. Arazide Yapılan Çalışmalar 2008; Kaygın ve ark., 2009; Ayberk ve ark., Arazi çalışmaları 2010-2013 yılları 2010; Göktürk, 2011; Ayberk, 2010, 2013). içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İşletme Yapılan bu çalışma ile Kastamonu Orman Müdürlüğü sınırlarında 24 farklı alanda İşletme Müdürlüğü’nde bulunan kelebek yakalan Lepidoptera türlerinin yerleri türlerinin tespiti yapılarak Türkiye kelebek Kastamonu Memleket Haritası üzerinde faunası çalışmalarına katkıda bulunulması noktalar halinde belirtilmiştir (Şekil 1). amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanını en iyi şekilde temsil etmek amacıyla kelebek toplama noktalarının Materyal ve Yöntem alanda bölgesel ve yükseklik olarak homojen 2.1. Araştırma Alanının Tanıtımı dağılmasına ve değişik alan kategorilerinde Araştırma alanının tanıtımı ile ilgili olmasına dikkat edilmiştir (Şekil 1). gerekli bilgi ve verilerin temininde Örnekleme yapılan alanlarla ilgili bilgiler Amenajman Plan’larından yararlanılmıştır Tablo 1’de verilmiştir. Şekil 1. Kastamonu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü (a. İşletme Şeflikleri, b. Topoğrafik Harita) 309 Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 15 (2) 308-318 Akkuzu ve ark. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty Tablo 1. Örnekleme alanı ile ilgili bilgiler Meşcere Nokta İşletme Şefliği Koordinat Mevki Yükselti (m) Kategori Tipi 563549 1 Bostan Bostan köyü 1400-1600 Ziraat Alanı 4551829 563635 2 Bostan Gözecik Mh. 1000-1200 GÇsC Ormanlık İbreli 4552369 565329 3 Bostan Boğaca sırtı 1000-1200 GÇsC Ormanlık İbreli 4553766 561558 Ormanlık 4 Bostan Aşağı Tüfekçi Mh. 1000-1200 Knb3 4551032 Yapraklı 558978 Yerleşim Yeri, 5 Kuzyaka Karaçomak Çayı mevkii 800-1000 4556546 Ziraat Alanı 561138 Yerleşim Yeri, 6 Kuzyaka Akçaköy mevkii 800-1000 4558974 Ziraat Alanı 562176 7 Kuzyaka Karaaslan Tepe 800-1000 Çkc2 Ormanlık İbreli 4559746 561780 Yerleşim Yeri, 8 Değirmenciler Akçaağaç Mh. 800-1000 4571851 Ziraat Alanı Ziraat Alanı, 560429 9 Değirmenciler Konukçu köyü, Yeni Mh. 800-1000 BM, İs Ormanlık 4576476 Yapraklı Ziraat Alanı, 564024 10 Değirmenciler 620-800 İs, Z-1 Ormanlık 4578595 Saraçlar Mh. Çağlayandere Mevkii Yapraklı Yerleşim Yeri, 564275 Çka 11 Gölköy Orman Fakültesi bahçesi 620-800 Ormanlık 4587488 OT-1 Yapraklı 554864 Ziraat Alanı, 12 Kastamonu Örencik Mh. 800-1000 Zçka, Z 4586585 Ormanlık İbreli 554319 Sulak Alan, 13 Kastamonu Aşağıören Mh. mevkii 800-1000 BMÇk 4587808 Ormanlık İbreli 553875 14 Kastamonu Eğrihan Mh. 800-1000 BM-1 Ormanlık İbreli 4584080 557778 15 Gölköy Hacısaban kasabası 800-1000 Çkab2-1 Ormanlık İbreli 4592992 Z-1, Ziraat Alanı, 16 Gölköy 556601 Başköy 800-1000 Çkbc3 Ormanlık İbreli 4596390 17 Gölköy 569096 Gömeç köyü 700-850 Ziraat ve iskan 4587152 18 Değirmenciler 564178 Olukbaşı 850-1000 iskan 4579398 310 Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 15 (2) 308-318 Akkuzu ve ark. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty Tablo 1’in devamı 19 Değirmenciler 555998 Kasabaörencik köyü 850-1000 ziraat 4593827 Subaşı köyü orman 20 Kastamonu 559308 800-1000 ziraat deposu 4589190 21 Değirmenciler 572147 Aşağıören Mh. 700-800 Çkbc3 Orman 4591781 22 Kastamonu 564244 Şeker Fabrikası Mevkii 850-950 iskan 4580437 23 Kastamonu 565412 Eğitim Fakültesi bahçesi 750-850 İskan 4582378 24 Kuzyaka 566288 Kayı köyü 1000-1150 Ziraat 4562934 Arazide kelebekleri yakalamak amacıyla Papillionidae (1), Zygaenidae (1), Pyralidae atrap ve ışık tuzağından yararlanılmıştır. (1), Lasiocampidae (1), Saturniidae (1) ve Yakalanan örnekler içerisinde etil asetat Drepanidae (1) olmak üzere toplam 70 bulunan öldürme şişelerine konularak lepidoptera türü tespit edilerek, aşağıda öldürülmüştür. Bu kelebeklerin her biri zarflar içerisine konularak laboratuvara listelenmiştir. getirilmiştir. TAKIM: LEPIDOPTERA 2.3. Laboratuar Çalışmaları Familya: HESPERIIDAE Latreille, [1809] Laboratuvara
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