Aspects of Talk Show Interaction: the Jonathan Ross Show and the Tonight Show with Jay Leno
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Philosophy English Linguistics Department Academic year 2011-2012 Aspects of Talk Show Interaction: The Jonathan Ross Show and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno Supervisor: Master dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the Prof. Dr. S. Slembrouck requirements for the degree of “Master in de Taal- en Letterkunde: Engels – Duits” by Janne Carnel 1 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Slembrouck for his advice and useful feedback. I am also very grateful to Abi and Heather for checking my language, and to Alexandra for giving me hints. Thanks also to my sister Jolien, for her willingness to proofread and comment on my dissertation. Finally, I wish to thank my family, for their much appreciated support. 2 Table of contents Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 6 2 Conversation Analysis ..................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Preliminaries ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Influences ................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Principles .................................................................................................................. 14 3 Objects of CA study ......................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Turn-taking system.................................................................................................. 16 3.2 Adjacency pairs ....................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Topic organisation .................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Response tokens ....................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Story-telling ............................................................................................................. 23 4 The Talk Show ................................................................................................................. 25 4.1 Socio-historical background..................................................................................... 25 4.2 Semi-institutional character ..................................................................................... 27 4.3 Comparison with news interview ............................................................................. 29 5 Introducing the comparison .............................................................................................. 39 5.1 Data .......................................................................................................................... 39 5.2 Assumptions and objectives ..................................................................................... 42 5.3 Method ..................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 2 Quantitative Analysis ............................................................................................. 45 1 Words per minute ............................................................................................................. 46 1.1 The Jonathan Ross Show ......................................................................................... 46 1.2 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ............................................................................ 49 3 1.3 Comparative discussion ............................................................................................ 53 2 Number of turns per minute ............................................................................................. 56 2.1 The Jonathan Ross Show ......................................................................................... 56 2.2 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ............................................................................ 59 2.3 Comparative discussion ........................................................................................... 60 3 Turn length ....................................................................................................................... 62 3.1 The Jonathan Ross Show ........................................................................................ 62 3.2 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ............................................................................ 64 3.3 Comparative discussion ........................................................................................... 65 4 Question turns .................................................................................................................. 66 4.1 The Jonathan Ross Show ......................................................................................... 68 4.2 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ............................................................................ 69 4.3 Comparative discussion ........................................................................................... 70 5 Response tokens ............................................................................................................... 71 5.1 The Jonathan Ross Show ......................................................................................... 72 5.2 The Tonight Show with Jay Leno ............................................................................ 72 5.3 Comparative discussion ........................................................................................... 73 6 Concluding notes – towards a qualitative approach ......................................................... 75 Chapter 3 Qualitative discussion ........................................................................................... 78 1 Turn-taking system ............................................................................................................ 78 1.1 General patterns ....................................................................................................... 78 1.2 Deviations ............................................................................................................... 85 2 Topic management ............................................................................................................. 95 2.1 Structure .................................................................................................................. 96 2.2 Placement ............................................................................................................... 99 2.3 Comparison ........................................................................................................... 104 4 3 Concluding notes – the talk show as semi-institutional .................................................. 108 Chapter 4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 112 References ................................................................................................................................. 115 Appendices ................................................................................................................................ 119 1 DVD with talk show data ................................................................................................ 119 2 Transcription conventions ............................................................................................... 120 3 Transcriptions talk show data ......................................................................................... 122 5 Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Introduction My dissertation is about television talk shows. When we turn on our TV’s, it is very likely that we come across one. Indeed, over the past decades, talk shows have become an indispensible part of the television landscape. From an interactional perspective, they are a very intriguing phenomenon. Although television talk shows are evidently set in an institutional setting, the talk in these shows is less regulated and more spontaneous than is the case for other interactional activities which are typically set in a television studio, e.g. political debates and news interviews. The interaction in talk shows shares some of the traits of everyday conversation that are not present in other types of broadcast talk such as debates or news interviews. My focus, then, is on the interactional course of two television talk shows and, in particular, on the role of the host. By examining the individual interactional characteristics of the selected hosts, I would like to find out what type of host they are and how the distinct nature of talk show interaction is oriented to by the host’s way of interacting. I will concentrate on talk shows in English, but from an international perspective. I will use video data from both a British and an American talk show. The selected talk shows are The Jonathan Ross Show and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. These talk shows are selected on the basis of the talk show hosts and the type of talk show. Both shows are evening celebrity talk shows and feature very popular hosts. I opt for an international