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RESTORING FAMILY LINKS in DISASTERS Field Manual (PDF) RESTORING FAMILY LINKS IN DISASTERS FIELD MANUAL ENGLISH ESP AGNO L POR TUGAI S ARABE RUSSE CHINOI S FRANÇAIS F ACTSHEET E N B R E F ZOO M RAPPOR T RÉFÉRENCE International Committee of the Red Cross 19, avenue de la Paix 1202 Geneva, Switzerland T +41 22 734 60 01 F +41 22 733 20 57 E-mail: [email protected] www.icrc.org © ICRC, August 2009 RESTORING FAMILY LINKS IN DISASTERS FIELD MANUAL 1 2 CONTENTS IntroductioN Section 1 Principles guiding the rFL response 11 An overview of the key operational and ethical principles guiding all RFL activities Section 2 RFL roles, responsibilities and coordination 15 The Movement’s overall policy and institutional position when responding to RFL needs in a disaster and guidelines on coordination of activities with the authorities and other actors Section 3 RFL in disasters: overview of needs and responses 23 Overall description of RFL needs in a disaster and the phases of the RFL response Preparedness Phase Section 4 Preparedness 29 RFL-specific issues to consider and steps to take in order to enhance preparedness Assessment and planning Phase Section 5 Assessment and planning 35 Assessment including principles, methodology and practical guidance The processes required to draw up a plan of action based on the assessment Section 6 Vulnerable groups and children 51 Needs of and responses for particularly vulnerable groups and children Section 7 RFL and the dead in disasters 55 Importance of management and identification of the dead in disasters The Movement’s role and information to be gathered Section 8 Choosing the right tools and approaches 61 Choosing tools and approaches during different phases of the disaster for different groups in the affected population, with descriptions and purposes of each tool 3 implementatioN Phase Section 9 Human resources 75 Definition of roles, allocation of tasks, recruitment, training, supervision and support Section 10 Office management, working procedures and databases 81 Setting up an office in a disaster and key elements to be included in working procedures Points to consider when setting up and working with a database Section 11 Reporting and external communication 89 Need for internal reporting Key issues to consider in public communication Learning Phase Section 12 Monitoring and evaluation 93 Description and guidance on monitoring and recommended practice for evaluation of disaster response Annexes Annex 1 Data protection principles 99 Annex 2 Assessment checklist 100 Annex 3 Handling and evacuation of dead bodies: Emergency procedures 103 Annex 4 Unaccompanied and separated children 105 Annex 5 RFL tools and approaches 109 Annex 6 Human resources: Main roles and tasks 185 Annex 7 Human resources: Sample job descriptions and person specifications 187 Annex 8 Human resources: Recruitment in disasters 191 Annex 9 Human resources: Training during disasters 193 Annex 10 RFL kit 196 Annex 11 Drafting the terms of reference for an evaluation 200 Annex 12 Team debriefings 201 Annex 13 References and bibliography 202 Annex 14 Agreements with external partners, Council of Delegates, 2003 204 Management oF Dead Bodies after DisasterS A Field Manual for First Responders 213 4 cD-ROM Assessment and Planning Formats Data Sharing Job Descriptions Photo Selection of Tools Statistical and reporting Forms Tools, Sample Forms Training Working Procedures and Administration rESTorINg FAMILY LINKS IN DISASTErS Field manual (PDF) MANAgEMENT oF DEAD BoDIES AFTEr DISASTErS (PDF) 5 rFL IN DISASTErS FIELD MANUAL 6 INTRODUcTIoN INTRODUCTION When disaster strikes, the need to know where and how relatives are – if they have survived, if they need help – is a priority. Beyond this immediate need in the acute phase of a disaster, the psychological, physical and social recovery of individuals and communities depends heavily on the family. For the majority of people affected by a disaster, family is perhaps the most essential ‘coping mechanism’ of all. The International Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement is uniquely placed to address these needs in the field of disaster management. Under the Restoring Family Links Strategy for the International Red Cross and Red Cross Movement 2008–2018, all the Movement’s components pledged to strengthen their RFL capacity, including in natural disasters. This Field Manual is one contribution to that effort. It is published with the ‘Management of Dead Bodies after Disasters: a Field Manual for First Responders’, which provides essential complementary guidance. What are rFL activities? RFL is the generic term for activities that aim to prevent separation and disappearance, restore and maintain contact between family members and clarify the fate of persons reported missing. These activities are often connected to the psychological, legal and material support provided to the families and persons affected, resettlement or reintegration programmes and social welfare services. The management of human remains and forensic identification are related activities. All these can be part of the RFL response in a disaster, as set out in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: RFL activities Situations causing family separation Conflict and other situations of violence, natural and man-made disasters, international migration and other situations requiring humanitarian response RFL activities Activities interconnected with RFL Prevent disappearances and separation Development and promotion of Restore contact between families international and national law Maintain contact between families Material, legal, psychological and other Clarify the fate of the missing support to the families and persons affected Forensic identification and the management of human remains Social welfare Resettlement and integration services 7 rFL IN DISASTErS FIELD MANUAL The RFL activities of the Movement’s various components are grounded in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols, the Movement’s Statutes and resolutions of International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent and the Council of Delegates. The Movement’s strength lies chiefly in its potential to provide a worldwide Family Links Network. Who is the Field Manual for? The Field Manual is aimed primarily at those who manage the RFL response in a disaster. It may also serve as a useful reference for staff and volunteers working in RFL and for those responsible for disaster management in National Societies and ICRC delegations. It has therefore been written with RFL specialists in mind, but may also be useful for those who have to respond to RFL needs without specialist knowledge. What is the Field Manual for? The Field Manual is intended mainly to help those responding to RFL needs in disasters to plan and carry out their work. It provides operational guidance on RFL in disasters, based on field practice and outlines the potential role of the Movement’s components. As conditions can differ significantly between countries and disasters, so the Movement’s specific role varies. The Field Manual therefore does not provide a “how to” guide for each and every disaster and context. The Field Manual is a useful complement to Management of Dead Bodies after Disasters: A Field Manual for First Responders, a 2006 joint publication issued by PAHO/WHO, the ICRC and the International Federation. The management of dead bodies and their identification is closely linked to the need to clarify the fate of those missing as a result of a disaster. The Field Manual may also be used as a guide for activities to strengthen the preparedness of a National Society and/or ICRC delegation. how is the Field Manual to be used? The Field Manual’s sections correspond to the phases of disaster response, as laid out below. Users should read the whole Manual when preparing for a disaster. However, in the emergency phase of a disaster, assessment, planning and response may be virtually simultaneous: they should refer to different sections as required. 8 INTRODUcTIoN rFL in Disasters Field Manual: Structure Sections 1 – 3: PRINCIPLES, BASIS OF MOVEMENT RESPONSE AND OVERVIEW OF RFL NEEDS IN DISASTERS PREPAREDNESS PHASE: ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING SECTION 4 PHASE: SECTIONS 5 – 8 LEARNING PHASE: IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SECTION 12 SECTIONS 9 – 11 In addition to the 12 Sections laid out above, there is a set of Annexes which provides reference and guidance on specific operational challenges. This Field Manual is accompanied by a cD rom which provides further guidance and tools to be used in the rFL response to a disaster. AcKNoWLEDgEMENT The content of the manual was the result of the contributions of individuals at the Central Tracing Agency, ICRC, Geneva as well as staff from ICRC Delegations and National Societies and was developed with the support of the German Red Cross and British Red Cross. 9 rFL IN DISASTErS FIELD MANUAL GLOSSARY 1949 Geneva Conventions Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949 Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949 Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 1977 Additional Protocols Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to
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