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The Role of Korean Red Cross and Democratic People's

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The Role of Korean Red Cross and Democratic People's THE ROLE OF KOREAN RED CROSS AND DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA RED CROSS SOCIETY IN CONDUCTING FAMILY REUNION AGENDA IN KOREAN PENINSULA 2011-2013 An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in International Relations By: Nuansa Deanabila 1110114000020 DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY JAKARTA 2015 ABSTRACT This research analyzes the role of Korean Red Cross (South Korea) and DPRK Red Cross Society (North Korea) in conducting family reunion agenda in Korean peninsula during the period of 2011 until 2013. The objective of this thesis is to find why both Korean Red Cross and DPRK Red Cross Society could not hold the humanitarian agenda as part of humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This thesis is done through secondary sources. The author finds that because during those periods, despite the existence of both Red Cross in Korean peninsula can be considered as significant for the continuation of the agenda, the verdict from South and North Korean governments could not be changed or bothered by them as the governments are the officials. Moreover, as part of the National Societies of the Red Cross and Red Cresent Movement, both Red Cross have to obey the principles of the Movement. The most prominent one is the neutrality principle which adds the Korean Red Cross and DPRK Red Cross Society stance where they cannot interfere or take part in the political matter within their countries. The theoretical framework used in this thesis are track two diplomacy and the concept of non-state actors. The analysis outcome through these theories is while using the track two process, both Red Cross have limitation and lack of power when it comes to influencing the officials’ decision that affected the family reunion agenda in Korean peninsula. Key Words: family reunion, Korean Red Cross, DPRK Red Cross Society, track two diplomacy, the Movement, South Korea, North Korea, ICRC v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank Allah Subhnahanu Wata’ala, who gave me numerous tests during the process of this thesis and I could not be more thankful for that, and I came out stronger than ever after the thesis ends. I would like to thank my parents who always provide and support me. My sister Laras Adinda Nabila, who can be the person I can talk about anything with despite our nine-year age gap. My friends Dijifortyel (Yunda, Sabrina (Nenek), Rani, Niken), DAS (Amel, Dyna, Dara, Dini Dewi, Sofwa, Devi), Anak Soleh Solehah aka my high school buddies (Yurika, Imam, Wahid, Angger, Ahadi) who are considerate enough to never make fun of me as of why I have not yet graduated (with an exclusion of Imam, damn you Mam). Furthermore, my classmates in HI Inter 2010 led by Takdir, our eternal leader who I find that their passions are very inspiring and also the laughs that we shared in class. Mr. Teguh Santosa as my thesis adviser who gave his precious time to help me write this thesis. Resti, who I became very close with during our time writing our theses, always remember that time we were so afraid on APTB. Last but not least, my two closest best friends during my college years, Defi and Mentari. I am so grateful that I have found such nice, loyal, and kind friends in my early 20s. Oh, I almost forgot, Bang Ramin my ojeg driver who is always willing to drive me to campus, I hope you will not be intimidated by those ojeg-online drivers. Music, movies, and TV series that accompanied me when I was stuck and stressed out doing this thesis, such as Hannibal, The Walking Dead, The Big Bang Theory, and 2 Days 1 Night, thank you for keeping me away from reality for awhile otherwise I would end up depressed. I would especially thank Andrew Mcmahon and Jack’s Mannequin because his music continues to inspire and sometimes heal me. Thank you for being there from my adolescent to my adult life. I will watch your show one day, one way or another. Surya and Molan, the two crazy announcers who never fail to make me laugh or at least smile with your cheap yet effective jokes met with my low sense of humor. Keep doing what you guys are doing and I always will be here listening. Lastly, I would like to dedicate this thesis to the late Mr. Budi Satari, although I had not had the opportunity to know you better, but from what I have seen and heard and the little advice that you gave me, I truly knew that you were an incredible human being. May you rest in peace, Sir. Jakarta, December 15, 2015 Nuansa Deanabila vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURE .................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background ...................................................................... 1 B. Research Question............................................................ 3 C. Research Objectives and Benefits .................................... 3 D. Literature Review ............................................................ 4 E. Theoretical Framework .................................................... 6 1. Track Two Diplomacy ................................................ 6 2. Non-State Actors .......................................................... 9 F. Research Method ............................................................ 10 G. Outline ........................................................................... 11 CHAPTER II THE BEGINNING AND ESTABLISHMENT OF FAMILY REUNION AGENDA A. ICRC’s Attempt of Restoring Family Ties .................... 13 B. Family Reunion Agenda as the Outcome of Korean War ................................................................................ 15 1. Korean War ................................................................ 15 2. Ideological and Political History ............................... 19 vii CHAPTER III THE INVOLVEMENT OF KOREAN RED CROSS AND DPRK RED CROSS SOCIETY IN KOREAN FAMILY REUNION AGENDA A. The Role of Korean Red Cross and DPRK Red Cross Society ........................................................................... 24 B. Family Reunion Agenda from 1985 to 2010 ................ 27 CHAPTER IV THE EFFORT FROM KOREAN RED CROSS AND DPRK RED CROSS SOCIETY TO HOLD FAMILY REUNION AGENDA A. Red Cross Talks ............................................................. 35 B. Relevant Matters that Affected the Continuation of Family Reunion Agenda ................................................ 39 1. The Role Portion of the Government and Red Cross in Both Koreas ............................................................... 39 2. Korean Red Cross and DPRK Red Cross Society as National Society ........................................................ 45 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION .................................................................. 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ xiii APPENDIX .......................................................................................................... xxi viii LIST OF TABLE Table III.A.1. Programs Concerning Family Reunions ................................... 27 Table III.B.1. Family Reunions from 1985-2010 ............................................ 31 Table IV.A.1. List of South and North Korean Delegates Red Cross Working- Level Talks 2013 ...................................................................... 36 Table IV.A.2. List of South and North Korean Delegates Red Cross Working- Level Talks 2010 ...................................................................... 37 ix LIST OF FIGURE Figure II.B.1. Map of Korean Peninsula and Surrounding Countries ............. 16 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CSIS Center for Strategic International Studies CPRF Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland DMZ Demilitarized Zone DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies KNP Korean National Police NDC National Defense Commission NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations POWs Prisoners of War ROK The Republic of Korea UN United Nations UNC United Nations’ Command UNTCOK United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea US United States USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics xi APPENDIX Appendix 1 Family Reunions Event...............................................................xxi Appendix 2 Emblem of Korean Red Cross....................................................xxii Appendix 3 Geneva Conventions Article 26..................................................xxii Appendix 4 Red Cross Talks Agreement......................................................xxvii Appendix 5 South North Joint Declaration...................................................xxix xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background Family reunion is a means to draw together families who are separated with the same line of descent. It is usually conducted annually and occurred outdoor.1 While separated
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