APPENDIX the Types and Reasons for Swearing in Deadpool Movie

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SWEAR WORDS IN DEADPOOL MOVIE

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Brigitta Arni Pritadewi Student Number: 141214033

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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SWEAR WORDS IN DEADPOOL MOVIE

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Brigitta Arni Pritadewi Student Number: 141214033

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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ABSTRACT

Pritadewi, Brigitta Arni. 2018. Swear words in Deadpool movie . Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Some people tend to use swear words as the way to express their emotion in a conversation since it can trigger a quick response from another person. Moreover, we can easily find swear words in a movie or a novel. Thus, the researcher chose Deadpool movie because there were a lot of swear words uttered by the characters. The researcher formulated two questions. The first research question is 1) Which types of swear words are used by the characters of Deadpool movie? The second research question is 2) What are the reasons for swearing in the Deadpool movie? This research conducted using mixed method research. The researcher used used discourse analysis as the method. The data were obtained from the English subtitle of the Deadpool movie. In order to answer the first research question, the data were classified into the types of swear words according to Battistella (2005). In order to answer the second research question, the data were classified into the reasons for swearing words according to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008). The research result revealed that there were four types of swear words used by Deadpool ’s characters namely epithets, profanity, vulgarity and obscenity. The most frequent type which appeared in the movie was obscenity. Furthermore, the research showed that there were four reasons for swearing done by the characters of Deadpool . They are expletive swearing, abusive swearing, humorous swearing and auxiliary swearing. In addition, there are three combinations of the reasons for swearing based on the theory namely expletive and auxiliary; abusive and auxiliary; and humorous and auxiliary. Based on the analysis, the characters of Deadpool often used the swear words to express their feeling which was called as expletive swearing. In conclusion, each type of swear words had a relation with the reasons for swearing. Based on the data, each type had more than one reason for swearing which was used by the characters in Deadpool movie.

Keywords: swear words, Deadpool, discourse analysis

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ABSTRAK

Pritadewi, Brigitta Arni. 2018. Swear words in Deadpool movie . Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Beberapa orang cenderung untuk menggunakan kata umpatan sebagai media untuk mengekspresikan emosinya di dalam percakapannya karena itu dapat memicu respon yang cepat dari orang lain. Selain itu, kita dapat dengan mudah menemukan kata umpatan di dalam sebuah film atau novel. Dengan demikian, peneliti memilih film Deadpool karena banyak kata umpatan yang diucapkan oleh tokohnya. Peneliti merumuskan dua pertanyaan. Pertanyaan pertama adalah 1) Manakah jenis-jenis kata umpatan yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh film Deadpool ? Pertanyaan kedua adalah 2) Apakah alasan-alasan untuk mengumpat yang terdapat di film Deadpool ? Penelitian ini dikerjakan dengan menggunakan metode campuran. Peneliti menggunakan discourse analysis dalam menganalisa data. Data-data diperoleh dari subtitle film Deadpool . Dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang pertama, data diklasifikasikan menjadi jenis-jenis kata umpatan berdasarkan teori dari Battistella (2005). Dalam menjawab pertanyaan kedua, data diklasifikasikan ke dalam alasan- alasan untuk mengumpat berdasarkan teori dari Andersson dan Trudgill (seperti dikutip dari Lindahl, 2008). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada empat jenis kata umpatan yang digunakan oleh tokoh film Deadpool yaitu epithets, profanity, vulgarity, dan obscenity . Selebihnya, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada empat alasan-alasan untuk mengumpat yang diucapkan oleh tokoh film Deadpool . Alasan-alasan tersebut adalah expletive swearing, abusive swearing, humorous swearing, dan auxiliary swearing . Selain itu, ada tiga kombinasi dari alasan-alasan untuk mengumpat sesuai teori yaitu expletive dan auxiliary ; abusive dan auxiliary ; dan humorous dan auxiliary . Berdasarkan analisa, tokoh film Deadpool sering menggunakan kata umpatan untuk mengungkapkan perasaan mereka yang disebut sebagai expletive swearing . Kesimpulannya, setiap jenis kata umpatan memiliki hubungan dengan alasan-alasan untuk mengumpat. Berdasarkan data, setiap jenis memiliki lebih dari satu alasan untuk mengumpat yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh film Deadpool .

Kata kunci: swear words, Deadpool, discourse analysis

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I could have many plans from A to Z but without God’s permission and support, it won’t happen. However, I would like to send my biggest gratitude to

Jesus for his blessing and grace. He always guides me when some things went wrong. I would also like to thank my beloved parents Margaretha Kris Handani and Gunadi Ibnu Sapari , my brother Henricus Ardi Setya Sudira , and my sister

Veronika Armela Rini Rachmaya Jati for their never-ending love, care, support, motivation and prayers.

I send my regards and gratitude to my academic advisor, Patricia Angelina

Lazut, M.Hum., for her guidance during my time to learning and studying at

Sanata Dharma University. Furthermore, I sincerely send my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Truly Almendo Pasaribu, S.S., M.A. for her time, feedback, patience, and motivation in writing and finishing my thesis.

I would like to thank all of my friends in class B small 2014 especially Rene

Santa Danastri and Girinda Kapindi for accompanying and helping me in my struggle in this college life. I would also like to thank my SPD group, Lotus , for the togetherness and cooperation to finish the battle. In addition, I thank my classmates in thesis class, Cara, Eli, Lovilla, Caca, Vidy, Dian, Ang, and Rizky , who always gave constructive feedbacks in the class, especially Tata and Ajeng for helping me to proofread my thesis.

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Last but not least, I address my special gratitude to Ludhgerus Hervin Etby

Saputra for his time, patience, support, motivation, presence, willingness to accompany me to work on my thesis and help me to find some entertainments when

I felt frustrated in writing my thesis.

Brigitta Arni Pritadewi

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page TITLE ...... i APPROVAL PAGES ...... 1 STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...... iv PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ...... v ABSTRACT ...... vi ABSTRAK ...... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x LIST OF TABLES ...... xii LIST OF APPENDIX ...... xiii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Research Background...... 1 B. Research Questions ...... 3 C. Research Significance ...... 4 D. Definition of Terms ...... 5 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 6 A. Theoretical Description ...... 6 1. The Concept of Taboo ...... 6 2. Swear words ...... 7 3. The Types of Swear Words ...... 8 4. The Reasons for Swearing ...... 14 B. Theoretical Framework ...... 17 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...... 19 A. Research Method ...... 19 B. Type and Source of Data ...... 21 C. Research Instrument and Data Gathering Technique ...... 21 D. Data Analysis Technique ...... 23 CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...... 24 A. Types of Swear Words in Deadpool movie ...... 24

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1. Epithets ...... 25 2. Profanity ...... 26 3. Vulgarity ...... 28 4. Obscenity ...... 30 B. The Reasons for Swearing in Deadpool Movie ...... 31 1. Expletive Swearing ...... 32 2. Abusive Swearing ...... 34 3. Humorous Swearing ...... 37 4. Auxiliary Swearing ...... 38 5. Variants of Swear Words in the Category ...... 41 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 48 A. Conclusions ...... 48 B. Implications ...... 50 C. Recommendations ...... 51 REFERENCES ...... 52 APPENDIX ...... 54

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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 3.1 Format of the Categorization of the Types of Swear Words and

the Reasons for Swearing in Deadpool Movie ...... 22

Table 4.1 The Data Findings of the Types of Swear Words ...... 25

Table 4. 2 The Data Findings of the Reasons for Swearing ...... 32

Table 4.3 The Types of Swear Words in Each Reason for Swearing ...... 47

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LIST OF APPENDIX

Page Appendix The types and reasons of swearing in Deadpool movie ...... 55

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides the introduction of the research. It is divided into four sections. The first section explains the background of the study. It presents the reasons of the research. The second section presents the research questions. It provides the problems which are going to be discussed. The third section is the significance of the study. It identifies the contribution of this research for the development of knowledge. The last section of this chapter is the definition of terms. It explains some important terms which are used in this research.

A. Research Background

As social people, we need to communicate with other people. Therefore, communication is important for human beings. Through communication, people are able to state or explain their opinions, minds, and others. It can also be used to express their feelings.

In communicating with each other, we use language as the way to deliver the message. Trudgill (2000) states that “language is not simply a means of communicating information – about the weather or any other subjects but it is a very important means of establishing and maintaining relationships with other people” (p. 15). This means that language is very important for a human to communicate with each other. By using language, people can express their emotions, thoughts, and feelings. Furthermore, our society believes that in language, there are some words which are considered as taboo words. Although,

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they often use them to express their anger, emotion, disappointment, displeasure, and annoyance.

Allan and Burridge (2006) argue that “taboo words come from the Tongan tabu , which came to notice towards the end of the eighteenth century” (p. 2). These taboo words refer to something or an action which is considered as forbidden. Thus, taboo words should be avoided since they would harm a rule of etiquette, politeness, and a certain culture. The examples of taboo words are fuck, bitch, and cunt .

However, not all of the taboo words are included in swear words.

Nowadays, when having a conversation with each other, sometimes, certain people tend to use swear words as the way to express their emotion. According to

Crystal (as cited in Karjalainen, 2002), “swear words are a natural part of the language, and they are undoubtedly one of the most efficient ways to do away with extra frustration or anger in a difficult situation” (p. 3). There is an opinion which says that swear words might become one of the factors for reducing stress. This can be one of the reasons why people choose to use swear words in their daily conversation. They may use the swear words consciously to express their feelings or emotions and unconsciously to express their feelings of shock or pain.

Certain people in the society have already accustomed to using swear words in their daily conversation. Not only men that use the swear words but women also use them as well. This phenomenon can be seen in the mass-media communication such as television, radio, newspaper, magazine, movie, or novel. The use of swear word is considered as the strong word to represent or express the anger, dissatisfaction, and disappointment.

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In this research, the researcher focuses on analyzing the swear words uttered in a movie. This research is different than the previous studies. In the previous research, Damastuti (2016) and Prawinanto (2016) analyze the types of swear words and the motives or reasons of swearing. They used the theory from

Andersson and Trudgill for analyzing the types of swear words and they used the theory from Andersson for answering the reasons of swearing.

On the other hand, this research is going to seek the types of swear words which are uttered by the characters in the movie and the reasons for swearing which are found in the movie. Therefore, the researcher uses the theory from Battistella

(2005) to analyze the types of swear words and the theory from Andersson and

Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008) for analyzing the reasons for swearing.

Moreover, the researcher uses a movie as the source of data. A movie is chosen because it provides the visual and audio source. The researcher chooses Deadpool movie in this research. Deadpool is an American superhero movie with the main character named Deadpool. He hunts the man that almost destroyed his life.

The reason for choosing Deadpool movie is because it is a quite famous movie on 2016. Moreover, the characters in this movie often use swear words in their dialogues. Therefore, the researcher can get an adequate data.

B. Research Questions

Based on the previous section discussed, the researcher formulates two questions to be resolved as follows:

1. Which types of swear words are used by the characters of Deadpool movie?

2. What are the reasons for swearing in the Deadpool movie?

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C. Research Significance

This part identifies the contributions of this research for parties who may use or read the result of this research. The researcher expects that this research will be beneficial for these following parties:

1. University

This research is expected to enrich the data of sociolinguistic research in

Sanata Dharma University. The students can get wider knowledge about swear words. Moreover, this will complement the previous studies which have been written by other students.

2. Study Program

This research is beneficial for the English Language Education Study

Program students in order to introduce swear words. By reading this research, the students could get more understanding of swear words especially the types of swear words and the reasons for swearing. Therefore, the students can be more selective to speak.

3. English Learners

This research will be helpful for English department students who are studying sociolinguistics. This research will help them to get an insight of the use of swear words in a movie.

4. Readers in general

This research will make the readers get wider knowledge about swearing.

Therefore, they could use the swear words better in order to communicate with

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other. They could be thoughtful to use swear words or to choose the swear words in their daily conversation since it is considered as impolite.

D. Definition of Terms

This part explains the terms which are frequently used in this research. The aim is to avoid misunderstanding since there are some terms which are considered as important terms. The terms and the definitions are explained below:

1. Swear words

According to Karjailanen (2002), “swear words are a natural part of the language, and they are undoubtedly one of the most efficient ways to do away with extra frustration or anger in a difficult situation” (p. 3). Furthermore, Jay (2009) stated that “swearing is like using the horn on your car, which can be used to signify a number of emotions in the examples; anger, frustration, joy, surprise” (p. 8). In addition, swear words are the part of language which can be used as the expression of emotions for certain person. This can be a short and effective way to express the anger.

2. Deadpool movie

Deadpool is a superhero movie released in 2016 which is directed by Tim

Miller. The story of Deadpool is written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick in the

Marvel Comics. This movie uses the same name as the main character. Deadpool movie tells about an American superhero in red costume who brings swords wherever he goes. He wants to hunt the man who almost destroyed his life.

Deadpool movie was released on February 12 th , 2016 by Twentieth Century Fox and Marvel Entertainment.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter shows the literature review of the study and the previous research related to the study. It is divided into two sections. They are the theoretical description and the theoretical framework. In the theoretical description, there are some theories which are relevant to the study discussed and other research which are similar to the topic discussed in this study. Moreover, the theoretical framework contains the summary of the theories related to the issue discussed in this study which is going to help the researcher to answer the research questions.

A. Theoretical Description

In this section, there are some theories which are relevant to the research.

These theories are going to be used as the guidance in discussing the issue in this research. The discussion is divided into several parts. The first part reveals the concept of taboo and taboo words. The next part discusses the explanation of swear words. The third part identifies the types of swear words to be discussed. The fourth part explains the function of using swear words. The last part discusses the related studies in this research.

1. The Concept of Taboo

Allan and Burridge (2006) argue that the word taboo comes from the

Tongan tabu, which is used to notice” (p. 2). In Polynesia, taboo means to prohibit or to ban something. In other words, the function of the word taboo is to give a warning to someone else.

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In his book, Allan and Burridge (2006) also say that taboos come up from the social limitation on the individual’s behaviour which triggers discomfort, harm, or injury. In an example, the Javanese are not accustomed to seeing and hearing those swear words because the swear words contradict their etiquette, norms, and rules. Usually, when they hear these words, they will consider the speaker as an impolite person. Therefore, elders in Java often remind their children or grandchildren for avoiding to speak using these words. If someone uses this taboo word in his or her conversation, he or she may be considered as an impolite person by the listener.

In addition, Jay (2009) states that “taboo words are sanctioned or restricted on both institutional and individual levels under the assumption that some harm will occur if a taboo word is spoken” (p. 3). The meaning of harm, in this case, is not really clear. Therefore, people should be very careful in using this word. It can cause a serious effect.

2. Swear words

In his book, Crystal (1995, p. 172) writes that “swear words are a natural part of the language, and they are undoubtedly one of the most efficient ways to do away with extra frustration or anger in a difficult situation”. This can be a way to reduce stress. Some people tend to use swear words when they are angry. They are already accustomed to using it in their conversation. Although, few people are able to say it automatically as the expression of surprise, anger, frustration, discomfort, dissatisfaction, and displeasure. Therefore, they think that using the swear words is the most efficient way to express it.

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Furthermore, Jay (2009) states that “swearing is like using the horn on your car, which can be used to signify a number of emotions in the examples; anger, frustration, joy, surprise” (p. 8). In other words, swearing may become a media to emphasize the emotion of a person. It makes other people recognize if somebody is mad or disappointed because that person uses swear words to express his or her feeling.

In his book, Ljung (2011, p. 4) argues that “swearing is the use of utterances which contain taboo words.” Although not all of the taboo words are considered as swear words, most of the taboo words can be categorized as the swear words.

Moreover, Ljung (2011, p. 4) also says that “swearing is an emotive language.” It has a function to reflect the speaker’s feelings and attitudes. In other words, this swears words can be the reflection of the speaker’s feeling and attitudes. People may understand the feeling of a person by hearing the utterances that containing swear words. In an example, there is a person who falls down because of the slippery floor. He or she will use these swear words to express the feeling of surprise.

3. The Types of Swear Words

Besides the definitions of swear words above, swear words can be categorized into several classifications of types. There are different categorizations based on the theory from Battistella (2005) and Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in

Lindahl, 2008).

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The first theory comes from Battistella (2005, p. 72) who classifies the offensive words or swear words into four categories. They are called epithets, profanity, vulgarity, and obscenity. a. Epithets

Battistella (2005, p. 72) states that “epithets are various types of slurs, such as wop, raghead, and bitch .” Commonly, this type refers to race, gender, or sexuality but this type may also refer to appearance, disabilities or other characteristics. In addition, Esterika (2016) said that the use of animal terms also categorized as epithets, i.e. dog, bullshit, or pig . b. Profanity

Battistella (2005, p. 72) says, “profanity is a religious cursing.” This type often uses the religious term. The examples are hell, damn, goddamn, Jesus Christ, and holy shit. These are included in profanity since it involves the rude use of something which is sacred such as Jesus Christ and goddamn . c. Vulgarity

In his book, Battistella (2005, p. 72) states that “vulgarity refers to the words or expressions that include the sex-differentiating anatomy or excretory functions in a rude way. Moreover, Jay (1992, p. 6) states that “vulgarity is the language of the common person, “the person in the street”, or the unsophisticated, unsocialized or under-educated.” These words are commonly reflected in the street language because people with a high education do not use this language to their colleagues.

Moreover, it is considered as vulgar to talk about hidden parts of the human body.

The examples are cock, ass and cunt .

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d. Obscenity

Based on Battistella’s suggestion (2005, p. 72), vulgarity and obscenity refer to the similar words or expressions about sex-differentiating anatomy or excretory functions in a rude way. The difference between both of them is in the degree of prurience. Furthermore, obscenity emphasizes the excretory functions of the human body. Obscenity is not as rough as vulgarity. Esterika (2016) suggests that obscenity refers to sexual activity and bodily function. She also suggests that obscene words replace the position of the other words in a sentence. Furthermore, Jay (1992, p. 5) states that “a word can be called as obscene because it cannot be used freely, it is a subject restriction, and it might risk sanctioning from the courts.” In other words, the expressions of obscenity are prohibited in public use, especially in mass media.

The examples of obscenity are fuck and shit .

Moreover, besides the categorization from Andersson and Trudgill, there is another classification of types of swear words. This classification is different from the previous one. According to Jay (1992), swear words are classified into ten types which are cursing, profanity, blasphemy, taboo, obscenity, vulgarity, slang, epithets, insults and slurs, and scatology. a. Cursing

Jay (1992, p. 2) states that “cursing is to invoke harm on another person through the use of certain words or phrase.” That is because when the speaker curses other people, the other people are going to be angry and the speaker will be in danger. It is caused by the strong words which are used to curse other people. These

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curse words obtain the power to cause harm through physical and psychological punishments from the group consensus.

The examples of cursing are a religious curse and non-religious curse. A religious curse is an expression such as goddamn you, damn you, and to hell with you . Furthermore, the non-religious curse is an expression such as eat that shit! and

I hope you break your neck . b. Profanity

According to Jay (1992, p. 3), this term is based on a religious distinction which means to be secular or behaving outside the customs of religious belief.

Although the aim of the speaker is not to denigrate God, religion or holy affairs, it would be based more on unawareness to these matters. The examples of this word are Jesus Christ, I’m tired! And For the love of Holy Mary, get out of the room! c. Blasphemy

In his book, Jay (1992, p. 3) says that blasphemy is an act to insult or to show contempt or denigrate God or certain religious. It has a strong relationship with sacred things or certain religious. This is the opposite type of profanity.

Usually, blasphemy is directed toward church or other religion. It would use the

Lord’s name to swear. The expressions used in this type are offensive, but it might be heard funny to the person who does not believe in that religion. In the examples,

Fuck the Pope! and Screw on whatever in the Bible! d. Taboo

Jay (1992, p. 4) suggests that taboo is aimed to suppress or decrease certain behaviour, thoughts, or speech. Therefore, it is used to ban or forbid someone to act

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or utter something. It makes these words tend to be avoided. The example of taboo words is a dick, piss, and screw. e. Obscenity

In Jay’s opinion (1992, p. 5), “a word can be called as obscene because it cannot be used freely, it is a subject restriction, and it might risk sanctioning from the courts.” The function of this word is to protect the listener from the negative language. Obscene words are considered as the most offensive words but it is rare to be used in mass media. They are fuck, motherfucker, cunt, or tits . f. Vulgarity

Based on Jay’s book (1992, p. 6), “vulgarity is the language of the common person, “the person in the street”, or the unsophisticated, unsocialized or undereducated.” These words are commonly reflected in the street language. The example of this type are a booger, slut, piss, snot, kick my ass, and puke . g. Slang

Jay (1992, p. 6) states that “slang is a vocabulary which is developed in certain sub-groups (teenagers, musicians, soldiers, drug users, or athletes) for ease of communication.” It helps to identify the member of the group in order to prevent illegal transactions. Furthermore, Jay (1992, p. 6) also stated that in some situations, the slang words may become popular and they are used by people as the standard language. The examples are pimp, cupcakes, bennies, jelly roll, and jock . h. Epithets

Jay (1992, p. 7) says that epithets are brief but considered a strong emotional language. This type is more offensive than the other types of cursing. It usually

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comes from a frustration when you hurt yourself. It may be such a habit to utter the same word every time you hurt yourself. The example of epithets are shit, damn, hell, fuck you, fuck off, and Jesus Christ . i. Insult and slurs

In his book, Jay (1992, p. 8) writes that insult and slurs are aimed to hurt a person through the particular word or phrase. Nevertheless, they have a different concept. Moreover, Jay (1992, p. 8) states that “slurs may be racial, ethnic, or social in nature and could indicate the stereotype or prejudice of the speaker. On the other hand, insults may indicate to the physical, mental, or psychological qualities of the target and it is commonly heard on the school playground.” The examples of this type are the use of animal imagery ( pig, dog, and jackass ), the use of social deviations ( slut, bastard and homo ), children’s insult based on the abnormal physical, psychological, or social characteristics ( fatty, bubble butt, dumb, weirdo, liar, four eyes, and wimp ), and related to the ethnic and racial slurs ( nigger, chink, slope, honkey, and grease ball ). Furthermore, the person outside the group which is addressed with these words will consider it as jokes. j. Scatology

As written in Jay’s book (1992, p. 9), a scatology refers to human waste products and processes. It is commonly used by toddler or children in the phase of toilet training. The scatology words are common among children. The examples of this type are poo, ka ka, shit, and fart . In addition, the terms which are used by children will be different with the terms which are used by adults. Even though it refers to the same terms.

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4. The Reasons for Swearing

Swear words also have the categorization of the reasons for swearing. Each swear word has a different function in the usage in each utterance. Although, it is possible if certain swear words share the same function and a word or phrase of the swear word can be identified by more than one function.

Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008) have classified the swear words into four groups. Each group has its own characteristics which make them different. They named each group into expletive words, abusive words, humorous words, and auxiliary words. a. Expletive swearing

Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008, p. 4) states that

“expletive words are used to express the emotions of a person, such as anger, frustration or disappointment.” This type of swear words is not used to address to a specific person. The examples are Fuck!, Shit!, and Damn! b. Abusive swearing

This type is the opposite type of the previous one because Andersson and

Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008, p. 4) argue that abusive words are used to address for a specific person or other people. The person who uses this type of swear words usually includes a name-calling. This type tends to insult or to offence.

Moreover, he or she will include different type of curses. The examples are You asshole!, You piece of shit!, and Go fuck yourself!

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c. Humorous swearing

In their book, Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008, p. 4) write that they are used to address other people or a certain person as well. The difference is this type of swear words is not offensive and abusive. It is uttered in a playful way. In an example, Get your ass in gear! d. Auxiliary swearing

According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl Lindahl, 2008, p. 4), in auxiliary words, swear words are not addressed to a certain person or a situation. It is being a way of speaking. In an example, It was a fucking bad day!

Furthermore, besides the categorization from Andersson and Trudgill, there is another categorization of the reasons for swearing. This category is different with the previous one. The next theory comes from Andersson (as cited in Karjalainen,

2002, p. 24) that also classified the motives for swearing into three groups. They are psychological, social, and linguistic motives. a. Psychological

In the daily life, people often get mad or feel frustrated over unpleasant and unexpected events which do not run according to their plan. This situation triggers some people to release and express their strong feeling by swearing. Certainly, the swear words uttered are not deliberate but it tends to be a reflex. Moreover,

Karjalainen (2002, p. 24) stated that “swearing is the verbal expression, or venting, of the aggressiveness which follows upon frustration.” Therefore, the psychological function of swearing is the use of swear words to express their strong emotion of

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anger, frustration, or disappointment. In an example, someone may say fuck! when he or she accidentally hit another person’s car. b. Social

According to Karjalainen (2002, p. 26), besides as the media to express our expression, swear words can be used to show and strengthen the group identity, to insult, to indicate friendship, to mark social distance or social solidarity, etc.

Therefore, swear words also can be the markers of friendliness between friends.

They may use it as the expression of affection. Nevertheless, this function involves more than one person. Usually, a person uses the swear words as rhetoric tools to accomplish a certain reaction from the hearer. In an example, Javanese men may say heh, cuk or hey, su to their Javanese friend in order to show the strong relationship between them. c. Linguistic

Each person has various ways to express herself or himself by using different words, phrases, grammatical structures, etc. According to Karjalainen

(2002, p. 30), every person is free to choose and use any words in the vocabulary, as long as they convey the message we want to deliver. Therefore, there is a function of swearing called linguistics. It is aimed to emphasize the message which is going to be delivered by using the swear words. In an example, what a fucking wonderful place!

In conclusion, Andersson (as cited from Karjalainen, 2002) has divided the motives or functions of swear words into three. These are psychological, social and linguistic. In psychological, swear words are used to express the speaker’s emotion.

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Moreover, in social, swear words are used to be the markers of a friendship since it is used to show the strong relationship between the speaker and the directed person or people. Furthermore, in linguistic, swear words is used to emphasize the message in the speaker’s utterance.

B. Theoretical Framework

This section is the summary of the relevant theories which will help the researcher in conducting the study in order to answer the research questions. These theories will also help the researcher in analyzing the data. The theories which are used are mostly about taboo, taboo words, and swear words. The first aim is to analyze the types of swear words in Deadpool movie. The second aim is to find out the functions of swear words uttered by the characters of Deadpool movie.

In order to answer the first research question, the researcher uses the theory from Battistella (2005) that categorizes the types of swear words into four. They are epithets, profanity, vulgarity, and obscenity. The first type is epithets which refer to race, gender, or sexuality but this type may also refer to appearance, disabilities or other characteristics, i.e. bitch and nigga . The second type is profanity which refers to a religious cursing and uses the religious term such as Jesus Christ and hell . The third type is vulgarity which refers to the expressions about sex- differentiating anatomy in a rude way such as cock and ass . The last type is obscenity which refers to excretry functions or bodily functions of a human and sexual activity such as fuck and shit .

In order to answer the second research question, the researcher uses the theory from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008) that classify the

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types of swear words into four types. They are expletive swearing, abusive swearing, humorous swearing and auxiliary swearing. First, expletive swearing is a type of swear words which is not addressed to a specific person. The examples are

Fuck!, Shit!, and Damn! Second, abusive swearing is a type of swear words which is addressed to a specific person by including a name-calling and insulting that person. The examples are You asshole!, You piece of shit!, and Go fuck yourself!

Third, humorous swearing is a type of swear words which is addressed to other person but it is uttered in a playful way and it is not offensive. In an example, Get your ass in gear! Lastly, auxiliary swearing is a type of swear words which are not addressed to a certain person or a certain situation since it is being a way of speaking. In an example, It was a fucking bad day!

Both of the theory above help the researcher to answer the first and second research question about the types of swear words and reasons for swearing. These theories are used in categorizing the data and discussing the findings of the data.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology used in this research. The discussion will be divided into five sections namely research method, research setting, research subject, research instrument and data gathering, and data analysis technique.

A. Research Method

This research was conducted using a mixed method research. According to

Creswell (2014), “mixed method is chosen because of its strength of drawing both quantitative and qualitative research and minimizing the limitations of both approaches.” This might be the suitable approach since the researcher has the access to both quantitative and qualitative data.

Furthermore, Creswell (2012) says that “mixed method is a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and “mix-ing” both quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study or a series of studies to understand a research problem.” This is suitable approach for this research because the researcher uses the quantitative data and the qualitative data for explaining and interpreting the result.

According to Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010, p.

29), qualitative research aims to understand the phenomenon by focusing on the total picture rather than breaking down into variables. In short, qualitative research aims to give a depth understanding of a phenomenon in the society by focusing on the total picture. Moreover, Lichtman (2013, p. 7) says, “qualitative research is a

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way of knowing in which a researcher gathers, organizes, and interprets information obtained from humans using his or her eyes and ears as filters.” Furthermore, this method is suitable for this research since the researcher obtains the information by reading and watching. Qualitative research was used to explain the types of swear words and the reasons for swearing by the characters in Deadpool movie.

Quantitative research focuses more on the variable and numerical data.

Based on the theory from Creswell (2012), “quantitative research uses a specific numbers that can be statistically analyzed. It can produce results to assesss the frequency.” Quantitative data is commonly presented in the form of table, figure, chart or diagram. Besides, this research uses table to calculate the frequency of each type and reason.

The researcher is also used a discourse analysis as the method to gather the data. According to Fasold (2006, p. 170), discourse analysis focuses on how the language is used beyond the sentence. It is related to the forms of language including sounds, morphemes, words, and sentences to the units of language which are larger than sentences. Therefore, this method can be used to analyze spoken interaction, films, or other written texts and documents. It focuses on the way people express themselves verbally in their social life. In this research, the researcher is going to use the Deadpool movie and the English subtitle for Deadpool movie.

Nevertheless, the researcher argues that discourse analysis is the most suitable method to obtain the data to answer the research questions.

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B. Type and Source of Data

In conducting the research, the researcher uses Deadpool movie and the

English subtitle from the movie. The researcher have been compared the final scipt of the movie and the English subtitle of the movie as the source of data. Then, the researcher chooses the English subtitle rather than the final transcript of the movie since the English subtitle is more synchronized and relatable to the movie. Thus, the data will be more valid.

The researcher downloaded the subtitle from https://subscene.com which is a website to download subtitles. The researcher selected the subtitle based on the review or comment on the website. After that, the researcher checked the subtitle with the movie whether it was exactly the same as the utterances from the characters.

C. Research Instrument and Data Gathering Technique

In order to gather an adequate data, the researcher uses one instrument. The instrument of this research is the English subtitle of the movie as the document instrument. The reasons for choosing the English subtitle of the movie instead of the script of the movie is that the English subtitle is more valid and relatable with the movie for gathering the data. Moreover, in the subtitle of the movie, there is the code of the time which is related to the movie. On the other hand, there is no code of time in the script of the movie. Therefore the researcher chooses to use the

English subtitle of Deadpool movie.

In order to obtain the data, the researcher uses coding categories as the technique to categorize the data. The researcher could use the coding categories for

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gathering the data. In this research, the researcher makes the table of coding categories based on the theories which are related to the topic of the discussion. The following table presents the two matters which become the focus of the study. These topics are the types of swear words and the reasons for swearing. The coding table is illustrated below.

Table 3.1 Format of the categorization of the types of swear words and the reasons for swearing in Deadpool Movie

No Time Data Types Reasons Epi Pro Vul Obs Exp Abu Hum Aux 1. 00:04: Dopinder : Sir, 1 1 12,854 what does Miss  Mama June taste 00:04: like? 15,855 Deadpool : Like two hobos fucking in a shoe filled with piss. Okay, enough

Abbreviations:

Epi : Epithets Exp : Expletive swearing

Pro : Profanity Abu : Abusive swearing

Vul : Vulgarity Hum : Humorous swearing

Obs : Obscenity Aux : Auxiliary swearing

From the coding table above, the researcher is able to analyze and categorize the types of swear words and reasons for swearing uttered in the Deadpool movie.

The researcher is going to put the table in the Microsoft Excel in order to calculate the data analysis faster.

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D. Data Analysis Technique

The next step after collecting the data is analyzing the data. The researcher follows several steps in order to analyze the data. There are four steps to follow.

1. Identifying

The first step to analyze the data is identifying. The researcher has to read the English subtitle of the movie and make a list of the swear words uttered by the characters.

2. Categorizing

After identifying the swear words, the next step to analyze the data is categorizing. The researcher uses the list of the swear words to categorize the swear words according to the types and reasons. In this step, the researcher uses the coding table for categorizing the swear words uttered by the characters.

3. Analyzing

The following step is analyzing the data. The researcher has to analyze the result of the categorization previously. In this step, the researcher analyzes the data to see the spreading of the types of swear words and reasons for swearing.

4. Interpreting and stating the findings

The last step is interpreting and stating the findings. The researcher interprets the result of the analysis in the form of description based on the reviewed literature.

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CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the researcher presents the result and the discussion related to the topic discussed. The discussion has been analyzed according to the methodology. In addition, this chapter elaborates on the interpretation of the findings based on the research questions. There will be two sections in this chapter which elaborates the answer from each research question. The first section discusses the types of the swear words used in the Deadpool movie. The second section discusses the functions of the swear words used in the Deadpool movie.

A. Types of Swear Words in Deadpool movie

Based on the findings, there were 148 swear words found in Deadpool movie. Below, there is a table of the detailed numbers of swear words in each type and the percentage of each type of swear words.

Table 4.1 The Data Findings of the Types of Swear Words

The Types of Swear Words Quantity Percentage (%) Epithets 20 14% Profanity 12 8% Vulgarity 26 18% Obscenity 90 61% Total 148 100%

The table above showed the distribution of the data about the types of swear words uttered by the characters in Deadpool movie. The characters of Deadpool

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movie used all types of swear words in the theory namely epithets, profanity, vulgarity and obscenity. The type which mostly appeared in the movie was obscenity because the characters often used fuck or shit in their utterances. Then, it was followed by epithets. After that, there was a vulgarity. Then, the last classification was profanity since it had the least number from the classification.

Moreover, the example of each type could be seen in the following discussion.

1. Epithets

The first type of swear words found in Deadpool movie was epithets.

According to Battistella (2005), an epithet is a type of swear words which is related to race, gender sexuality, appearance, disability, and other characteristics, such as nigga, motherfucker and bastard . In addition, Esterika (2016) said that the use of animal terms are also categorized as epithets, i.e. dog, bullshit, or pig . In short, epithets cover up the swear words which refers to the social issues.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 20 (14%) expressions which are categorized as epithets. The following dialogues would show the expressions of epithets found in the movie.

1) Colossus: This is shameful and reckless use of your powers. You will both be coming with us. Deadpool : Look, Colossus, I don’t have time for the goody two-shoes bullshit right now! (00:37:07,126)

The dialogue above was included into epithets since Deadpool uttered a swear word in his conversation with Colossus. The swear word was bullshit which referred to animal terms. As written in Hughes’ book (2006), Mencken observed that bullshit was often partially cut into bullsh or bull which was referred to animal terms.

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In the dialogue above, Colossus and Deadpool were debating about

Deadpool who abused his power. He hunted Francis, who turned him into a mutant and made a mess in the city. He killed many people who worked with Francis.

Therefore, Colossus was mad at Deadpool but Deadpool did not want to argue with him at that time. The word bullshit uttered by Deadpool had the meaning of nonsense or unimportant. In addition, the position of the word bullshit above was a noun in the sentence.

2) Deadpool: …but until then, I’mma do what I came here to do. Either that or slap the bitch outta you! (00:38:52,165)

The monologue above was uttered by Deadpool in the same scene with the previous example but the difference was only the presence of Francis. Deadpool found Francis and tried to hurt or kill him. Therefore, Colossus tried to stop him from abusing his power, but Deadpool did not want Colossus to interfere in his business.

In Oxford dictionary, the word bitch means a female dog. Thus, the word bitch is categorized into epithets because it refers to animal terms. Moreover,

Hughes (2006) said that the feminist spirit has reclaimed some words including bitch because it was a pejorative epithet that turned up in the brave names of small feminist groups. Thus, the word bitch is often addressed to another person as a swear word. Moreover, the position of the bitch above was as a noun.

2. Profanity

The second type of swear words found in Deadpool movie was profanity.

According to Battistella (2005), profanity is a swear word that uses religious terms and something which is sacred. Moreover, Jay (1992) stated that profanity is not

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addressed to denigrate God or religion but it would be based on the unawareness of these matters, such as Jesus Christ , God, hell, and goddamn .

Based on the analysis, the researcher found 12 (8%) expressions of profanity in the movie. The following dialogues would show the profanity found in Deadpool movie.

3) Weasel : You look like you need a blow job and a shower. Though, courtesy calls for the latter first. Deadpool : How about three shots of Patron? Weasel : Or how about Triticum aestivum wheatgrass. Excellent for the immune system. Deadpool : Jesus Christ . You sound like Vanessa. (00:32:22,642)

The dialogue above happened in Sister Margaret’s bar. Weasel and

Deadpool were discussing the beverage to drink. Deadpool wanted three shots of a patron but Weasel suggested another beverage which was healthier and good for the immune system. Deadpool did not agree with Weasel’s decision and offer because he sounds like Vanessa, his girlfriend. Meanwhile, he chose to utter the swear word although it did not sound offensive.

The word Jesus Christ in the dialogue above was a noun which was categorized as profanity because it referred to a religious term and sacred word. In

Catholic, Jesus Christ is the central figure who fully respected by Catholic.

Therefore, it was included in swear words especially profanity although it did not sound offensive for other people.

4) Dopinder: Leave a message and have a happy day. Deadpool : (hang up the phone to Dopinder) Goddamn it ! (01:21:06,263)

The dialogue above happened when Deadpool, Colossus, and Negasonic

Teenage Warhead were trying to safe Vanessa since she was kidnapped by Francis.

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They went there by Dopinder’s taxi. Unfortunately, Deadpool left his bag full of weapons in the taxi while Dopinder was already left them. He tried to call Dopinder and ask him to come back but Dopinder did not answer his phone. Then, Deadpool said the swear word above.

The word Goddamn it in the dialogue above was an interjection that was included into profanity because it referred to a religious term. Moreover, Goddamn meant God that is a sacred word for people who believe in a religion. Although it was not offensive or rude, the word Goddamn still included into swear words especially profanity since it was disrespectful.

3. Vulgarity

The third type of swear words found in Deadpool movie was a vulgarity.

Battistella (2005) says that vulgarity refers to the sex differentiating anatomy or excretory functions but it focuses on the sex anatomy of a human. Furthermore, Jay

(1992) states that vulgarity is the language of the common person, “the person in the street”, the unsophisticated people, or undereducated people. The words that included into vulgarity were cock, cunt, and vagina .

From the data analysis, the researcher found 26 (18%) expressions of vulgarity in the movie. The following dialogues would give an insight about the vulgarity used by the characters of Deadpool movie.

5) Colossus : We can’t allow this, Deadpool. Please, come quietly. Deadpool : You big chrome cock-gobbler ! Colossus : That’s not nice. (00:38:02,048)

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The dialogue above happened after Deadpool attacked Francis in the bridge.

Colossus came and gave some advice for Deadpool who abused his power but he would not listen to him. They were arguing. Then, Deadpool uttered the swear words to mock Colossus because Deadpool made a joke of his body.

The word cock above was a noun which was categorized into vulgarity because it referred to the sex differentiating anatomy among men and women. It was the body part of a human. Cock was categorized as vulgarity because it was considered vulgar and embarrassing to talk about the hidden parts of the human body.

6) Vanessa : You love skeeball. Apparently, more than you love vagina . Deadpool : That’s a tough call. (00:22:16,103)

The dialogue above was a conversation between Deadpool and Vanessa, his girlfriend. It was the first time they met. They met in Margaret’s bar and went for a date. At that time, they were talking about what they were going to do after leaving the bar. Deadpool was asking Vanessa what to do and Vanessa said that they could do anything. Then, they talked about a game in the arcade games arena. After that,

Vanessa said that Deadpool liked skeeball.

The word vagina was a noun referred to the woman sex anatomy because only women who have it. Furthermore, it reflected as a “street” language because it was embarrassing to talk about the hidden part of a human body. Therefore, vagina categorized into vulgarity.

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4. Obscenity

The last type of swear words found in Deadpool movie was an obscenity.

According to Battistella (2005), obscenity and vulgarity refer to the similar terms about sex differentiating anatomy and excretory functions of a human but obscenity is not as rough as vulgarity. Furthermore, obscenity focuses more on the excretory functions of human body. On the other hand, vulgarity focuses more on the sex anatomy of a human. In addition, Esterika (2016) said that obscenity emphasizes the sexual activity and bodily functions. Moreover, an obscene word often used to replace another word in the sentence or phrase. The examples were fuck and shit .

From the previous table, the researcher found 90 (61%) expressions of obscenity in Deadpool movie. The following examples would give an insight of obscenity used in the movie.

7) Jeremy: Is this 7348 Red Ledge Drive? Are you Mr Merchant? Merchant: Yeah, Mr Merchant who didn't order the fucking pie! (00:14:34,742)

The dialogue above showed a conversation between Merchant and Jeremy, the pizza delivery guy. At one night, Merchant had a delivery pizza but he thought that he never ordered it. Merchant and Jeremy were confused. They were arguing as the dialogue above. Jeremy asked Merchant in order to make sure he got the right address. Merchant answered if Jeremy got the right address but he never ordered the pizza.

The word fucking was an adjective which was categorized into obscenity because it was about sexual activity. Moreover, in the utterance above the word

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fucking was added to emphasize what he talked about. Therefore, it could be replaced by another word or it could be omitted.

8) Deadpool : (monologue) The one that sent you down the road to Shitsburgh . (00:40:59,992)

The monologue above happened after Deadpool ran away from Colossus.

He ran away by cutting his hand with a knife because he was tied with handcuffs to

Colossus. After that, he was reflecting on his life and one big bad decision in his life. It was when he came to Francis to cure his cancer but it turned out that Francis made him into a mutant. Then, he uttered the monologue above.

The word Shitsburgh was a noun that was categorized into obscenity because the main word in the swear word above was shit . According to Battistella

(2005), the word shit included into obscenity since it referred to human excretion.

Therefore, it was categorized into obscenity.

B. The Reasons for Swearing in Deadpool Movie

The researcher found that there were 148 swear words in Deadpool movie.

The following table was the classification of the reasons of swearing found in

Deadpool movie.

Table 4.1 The Data Findings of the Reasons of Swearing

Reasons for Swearing Quantity Percentage (%) Expletive Swearing 47 32% Abusive Swearing 30 20% Humorous Swearing 8 5% Auxiliary Swearing 40 27%

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Variants of Swear Words in The Category 23 16% Total 148 100%

From the table above, it can be seen that Deadpool movie used all reasons of swearing from the theory named expletive swearing (Exp), abusive swearing

(Abu), humorous swearing (Hum), and auxiliary swearing (Aux). The reason which mostly appeared in the movie was expletive swearing. Then, it was followed by auxiliary swearing. After that, there was abusive swearing because the characters often used the swear words and addressed them to another character in the movie.

Next, it was followed by the variants of swear words in the category which consisted of the combination of the reasons of swearing from the category. Then, the last classification was humorous swearing since it had the least number from the classification. Moreover, the example of each reason could be seen in the following discussion.

1. Expletive Swearing

The first reason for swearing in Deadpool movie was expletive swearing.

According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008), expletive

swearing uttered by the speakers as the expression of their emotion. It can be used

to express an emotion such as anger, disappointment, frustration, shocked, and

panicked.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 47 (32%) expressions of expletive

swearing words used by the characters. This type commonly appeared in the

movie since the characters used the swear words to express their emotion. The

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following examples would give an insight of the use of expletive swearing in

Deadpool movie.

1) Deadpool : I forgot my ammo bag! Dopinder : Shall we turn back? Deadpool : No, no time. Fuck it! I got this. 9, 10, 11, 12 bullets or bust. (00:06:00,362)

The dialogue above happened when Deadpool was going on his way with a cab. He was talking with the cab driver named Dopinder. Deadpool remembered if he forgot to bring his bag and when Dopinder offered to go back to taking it,

Deadpool refused it. He used the swear words to express his feeling or emotion when he finally found another way without going back and taking the bag. In short, the swear words above were classified into expletive swearing because

Deadpool used it as the expression of relief.

2) Colossus : You will recover, Wade. You always do. Deadpool : You ever see 127 hours spoiler alert? Negasonic Teenage Warhead : Oh my God! (00:40:28,695)

The dialogue above was telling a situation where Deadpool met Colossus and Negasonic Teenage Warhead. In that scene, Deadpool was trying to attack and hit Colossus but he failed and was injured. Then, Colossus took him to handcuff but Deadpool still trying to run. He cut his arm with a knife. Seeing what

Deadpool did, Negasonic Teenage Warhead uttered the swear words above. She said it because she was shocked to see Deadpool’s action. Therefore, swear words above were included into expletive swearing because it was the expression of her feeling of shock.

3) Deadpool : Get it through your head or get out of fuck town! Blind Al : Shit. That’s all the pieces in the house. (01:15:56,921)

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The dialogue above happened when Deadpool came to Blind Al’s and

Deadpool’s apartment and collecting all weapons to save Vanessa from Francis or

Ajax. Blind Al uttered the swear words as her expression of disbelief and a little

bit angry because Deadpool took all weapons in the house including her weapon.

Therefore, the swear words above especially shit were included into expletive

swear words because it was not directed to the other character and it was the

expression of Blind Al’s feeling.

In a nutshell, the characters of Deadpool movie used the expletive swearing

in their utterances for different reasons. In an example, Deadpool used the swear

word fuck it as his expression of relief. Then, Negasonic Teenage Warhead used

the swear word Oh My God as her expression of shock. Furthermore, Blind Al

used the swear word shit as her expression of disbelief and a little bit angry.

Therefore, the use of expletive swearing in Deadpool movie had several

variations.

2. Abusive Swearing

The second reason for swearing in Deadpool movie was abusive swearing.

According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008), abusive swear

words uttered by the characters of Deadpool movie to be directed to the other

characters and sometimes they included a name-calling. Commonly, it was used

to insult the other characters and it was offensive words.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 30 (20%) expressions of abusive

swearing words uttered by the characters. This reason commonly appeared in the

movie since the characters used it and directed the swear words to the other

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characters. They also used it to insult the other characters. The following example would give an insight of the use of abusive swearing.

4) Deadpool : Cheers to your health Weasel : Fuck you Boothe : Come here, you fat fuck ! (00:19:06,881)

The dialogue above happened when Deadpool came to Sister Margaret’s bar. While Deadpool was drinking his beer with Weasel, Boothe hit a black guy in the bar. He said the swear words fat fuck while he hit the black guy. Boothe called the black guy with fat fuck . Nevertheless, these swear words belong to abusive swear words because it was addressed to another character as stated by

Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008). Moreover, it was used to insult another character.

5) Deadpool : What have you done to me? Francis : I’ve merely raised your stress levels high enough to trigger a mutation. Deadpool : You sadistic fuck ! (00:50:27,059)

The dialogue above happened when Deadpool was in a laboratory. He was there to cure his cancer with a genetic mutation but Francis got angry to Deadpool and decided to take a serious action. He put Deadpool in a capsule with a low oxygen. It made Deadpool’s skin looked like getting burned because of the genetic mutation. He uttered the swear words because he was mad at Francis. He addressed the swear words to Francis and it was offensive. This was suitable with the theory from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008). Therefore, this utterance was included in abusive swearing.

6) Francis : Go on then. Vanessa : Thanks, dickless . And I mean you. Francis : Wow. You’re a talker too. You and Wade.

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Vanessa : I’ve been trying to tell you assholes, you’ve got the wrong girl. (01:17:11,996)

This dialogue happened when Vanessa was kidnapped by Francis. Her mouth was closed with a plaster. Vanessa uttered the swear words after Angel

Dust, the member of Francis’ group, opened the plaster. She addressed the swear words to Francis. She wanted to insult Francis. Therefore, the swear words uttered by Vanessa were included into abusive swearing because the expressions were addressed to another character and it was used to insult another character as stated by Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008).

7) Francis : You stupid fucking idiot. Did you think there was a cure for that? Deadpool : What? Francis : You heard me. Deadpool : No! No! (01:33:50,260)

This dialogue above happened when Deadpool met Francis to save Vanessa.

He fought with Francis. When Francis was defeated, Deadpool asked him to fix his face because it became worse after Francis put him in a low oxygen capsule.

Heard what Deadpool was asking for, Francis laughed and uttered the swear words. It was addressed to Deadpool in order to insult him. Nevertheless, this utterance was included in abusive swearing since it was addressed and used to insult another character in the movie as the theory from Andersson and Trudgill

(as cited from Lindahl, 2008).

In conclusion, the characters in Deadpool movie used the abusive swearing in their dialogue. They used it to insult and to offend another character in the movie. Due to that reason, they addressed the swear words to another character.

Although, the characters used various swear words in this type.

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3. Humorous Swearing

The third reason for swearing found in Deadpool movie was humorous

swearing. According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008),

humorous swearing was uttered in a playful way. Although, it was addressed to

another character.

From Deadpool movie, the researcher found 8 (5%) expressions of

humorous swearing words uttered by the characters. This reason was the least type

of swear words which appeared in Deadpool movie. Most of the time, the

characters addressed the swear words to another character but it was not uttered

in a playful way. The following example would show the humorous swearing

uttered in the movie.

8) Deadpool : Oh, hello. I know, right? Whose balls did I have to fondle to get my very own movie? (00:06:48,777)

The monologue above happened when Deadpool was sitting on a bridge. He

was drawing something while listening to a music. In the scene, he was startled to

see the camera. Then, he talked to the camera and uttered the swear words. He

uttered the swear words in a playful way. Besides, he directed the swear words to

the camera or the audience who would watch the movie. Nevertheless, this

monologue was included into humorous swearing since it was similar with the

categorization from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008).

9) Deadpool : Cock shot! Oh, your poor wife. Colossus : You really should stop. (00:39:21,294)

The dialogue above happened on a bridge where Deadpool attacked Francis.

Colossus came to warn him but Deadpool did not like it. He started to hit Colossus

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but he always failed because Colossus’s body was made of steel. He tried to punch

Colossus in his groin as he uttered the swear words above in a playful way. He

addressed the swear words to Colossus. Therefore, it was included in humorous

swearing since it was addressed to another character but it was uttered in a playful

way like the categorization from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl,

2008).

10) Francis : Wade Wilson! What’s my name? Deadpool : Oh, I’mma fucking spell it out for ya. (01:21:35,659)

This dialogue happened when Deadpool, Colossus, and Negasonic Teenage

Warhead arrived at the place where Francis kidnapped Vanessa. They were going

to save her. After walking in a moment, there was Francis who screamed and

asked Deadpool who was his name. Then, Deadpool replied it with an utterance

which contained the swear words. He uttered it in a playful way and addressed it

to Francis. Nevertheless, this utterance was included in humorous swearing as

stated by Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl, 2008).

In short, the characters of Deadpool movie used humorous swearing in their

dialogue. Although, the number of it was quite small. The characters used the

humorous swearing as the variation in uttering the swear words. They wanted to

create a humour in their dialogue. It made the situation become funnier because

they uttered the swear words in a playful way while still addressed the swear

words to another character.

4. Auxiliary Swearing

The fourth reason for swearing which can be found in Deadpool movie was

auxiliary swearing. According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl,

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2008), auxiliary swearing was being a way of speaking from a certain person. This was not addressed or directed to another person. It was uttered in a non-emphatic tone and it was being the way of the speaker to talk.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 40 (27%) expressions of auxiliary swearing words. The number of this type was quite big since most of the time, besides addressed the swear words to express their feeling and to another character, the characters used the swear words because that was their way of speaking. They tended to use the swear words to substitute some words or as an affix. The following examples were an insight of the use of auxiliary swearing in the movie.

11) Francis : I encourage distractions. Wouldn’t want you giving up on us, now would we? Deadpool : Hey, don’t take any shit from him, Cunningham. (00:46:34,827)

This dialogue happened when Deadpool was in Francis’ laboratory. He was having a conversation with Cunningham who was lying down beside him.

Suddenly, Francis came and asked that question to Cunningham but Deadpool replied that question with a sentence which contained the swear words. The swear words shit referred to anything but Deadpool changed it into any shit since it was his way of speaking and it was uttered in a non-emphatic tone. Therefore, it was included in auxiliary swearing which was the categorization from Andersson and

Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008).

12) Weasel : Come on, Wade. It can’t be that bad. Deadpool : Ah, bullshit! I’m monster inside and out. I belong in a fucking circus . (00:58:05,016)

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The dialogue above happened in Sister Margaret’s bar after Deadpool met and followed Vanessa. He came to see Weasel and shared his feeling about his relationship with Vanessa. Deadpool stated if he did not want to ruin Vanessa’s life with his physical appearance right now. Weasel was trying to cheer him up but Deadpool’s reaction was pessimistic because he thought that he turned into a monster. He uttered the swear words as an affix. This was being his way of speaking as well. Nevertheless, the swear words were included in auxiliary swearing as stated by Andersson and Trudgill in their categorization (as cited from

Lindahl, 2008).

13) Weasel : To you Mr Pool. Deadpool. That sounds like a fucking franchise. (00:59:57,295)

The monologue above happened when Deadpool met Weasel in Sister

Margaret’s bar. They were talking about finding a nickname for Deadpool. Weasel gave some suggestions until Deadpool looked at a list name on a board. He noticed an interesting name which was Deadpool. Then, they did a cheer for the new nickname and Weasel uttered the swear words above. It was an affix because it was added to a phrase. This could be the way of Weasel’s speaking. Therefore, these swear words included in auxiliary swearing.

In short, the characters in Deadpool movie used this reason for swearing as well. The number of this reason was quite big unlike the previous reason for swearing which was humorous swearing. They used this reason of swearing more frequently since it became their way of speaking as stated by Andersson and

Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008) . They tended to substitute or add some words with swear words.

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5. Variants of Swear Words in the Category

Beside the previous reasons that have been mentioned before, the researcher

found there were some combinations of the reasons for swearing in Deadpool

movie. It made the data vary from the theory of Andersson and Trudgill. There

were three combinations found in Deadpool movie. It was expletive and auxiliary

swearing, abusive and auxiliary swearing, and humorous and auxiliary swearing.

All variants of swear words had a combination with auxiliary swearing

because auxiliary swearing used by the characters in Deadpool movie to substitute

a certain word since it was their way of speaking. Moreover, auxiliary swearing

tended to appear as an affix in a word or a phrase. Therefore, the other reasons

could have a combination of auxiliary swearing. a. Expletive and Auxiliary Swearing

This variant of swear words was a combination of expletive swearing and

auxiliary swearing. According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl,

2008), expletive swearing uttered by the speaker as the expression of his or her

feeling or emotion, while auxiliary swearing uttered by the speaker to substitute

or add a certain word because it was his or her way of speaking.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 6 combinations of expletive and

auxiliary swearing. The following example would give an insight the

combinations of expletive swearing and auxiliary swearing.

14) Weasel : Wade, we have a fucking problem. And by “we” I mean “you”. (01:10:48,779)

This monologue happened when Weasel called Deadpool after Francis and

his group came to Sister Margaret’s bar to find Deadpool. Unfortunately,

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Deadpool was not there. After Francis and his group left the bar, Weasel

immediately called Deadpool. When he called Deadpool, he uttered the swear

words. These swear words were used to express his feeling of panic and to

emphasize the emergency situation. Therefore, it was included in expletive

swearing according to the theory from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from

Lindahl, 2008). Moreover, these swear words also included in auxiliary swearing

since it was added in a noun phrase “a problem”. Weasel uttered it in a non-

emphatic tone and it was his way of speaking. Nevertheless, the swear words

above were included into the combination of expletive and auxiliary types.

15) Colossus : You’ve been warned before Deadpool. You will both be coming with us! Deadpool : Look, Colossus. I don’t have the time for the goody two- shoes bullshit right now! (00:37:07,126)

The dialogue above happened after Deadpool hit Francis in the bridge and

he was warned by Colossus for abusing his power. Hearing what Colossus said,

Deadpool felt annoyed and got a little bit angry. It triggered him to utter the swear

words above. Therefore, the swear words above was included into expletive

swearing because it expressed the feeling of annoyed and angry from Deadpool.

On the other hand, it was also included into auxiliary swearing since it had been

his way of speaking based on the theory from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited

from Lindahl, 2008). Nevertheless, these swear words were included into the

combination of expletive and auxiliary swearing. b. Abusive and Auxiliary Swearing

This variant of swear words had a combination of abusive swearing and

auxiliary swearing. According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl,

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2008), abusive swearing was uttered by the speaker to be addressed to another character and to insult another character. While the auxiliary swearing was being a way of the speaker’s speaking. The auxiliary swearing tended to substitute or add a certain word in a sentence.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 10 combinations of abusive and auxiliary swearing. The following examples would show the combinations of abusive and auxiliary swearing.

16) Deadpool : P.S. I’m keeping your wallet. You did kinda give it to me. Merchant : Okay, just look man. Can I have my Sam’s card? Deadpool : I will shoot your fucking cat! Merchant : I don’t really know what that means. I don’t have a cat. (00:15:34,769)

The dialogue above happened when Deadpool came to Merchant’s house.

He had a conversation with Merchant and Jeremy. Then, he took the Sam’s card from Merchant. Merchant asked him to give it back but Deadpool refused it and uttered the swear words. These swear words addressed to Jeremy and it used to insult him because Deadpool uttered it while pointing the gun at Merchant’s head.

Therefore, it was included in abusive swearing. After that, the swear words fucking could be included as the auxiliary swearing as well since it was added in the phrase “your cat”. This had been Deadpool’s way of speaking and this was being the character of auxiliary swearing based on Andersson and Trudgill’s theory (as cited from Lindahl, 2008). Nevertheless, these swear words was categorized as the combination of abusive and auxiliary swearing.

17) Francis : Wade fucking Wilson. Well, hello gorgeous. Deadpool : Yeah, like I got bit by a radioactive Shar-Pei. (00:29:29,436)

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This dialogue above happened when Deadpool met Francis in the bridge.

He attacked Francis. Being successfully hurting himself, Francis was curious

about who was behind the red costume. After knowing if it was Deadpool or

Wade, he uttered the swear words above. Francis addressed the swear words to

Deadpool since it was a name-calling and he tried to insult him by calling his name

by combining it with swear words. Nevertheless, the swear words above was

included in abusive swearing. Furthermore, the swear words above also included

into auxiliary swearing since Francis added the swear words when he called

Deadpool. Therefore, it was included in the combination of abusive and auxiliary

swearing. c. Humorous and Auxiliary Swearing

This variant of swearing was a combination of humorous and auxiliary

swearing. According to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008),

humorous swearing was commonly addressed to another character or person but

it was uttered in a playful way, while auxiliary swearing was being a way of the

speaker to speak. It tended to be such an affix since the speaker tended to substitute

or add a certain word in a sentence or a phrase.

In Deadpool movie, the researcher found 7 combinations of humorous and

auxiliary swearing. The following examples would give an insight of the

combinations of humorous and auxiliary swearing.

18) Deadpool : Now, if I were a 200-pound sack of assholes named Francis, where would I hide? (00:28:08,388)

This monologue happened after Deadpool attacked some people in the

bridge where he was sitting before. He tried to look for Francis but he had not

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found him. Then, he looked at the camera and uttered the monologue which

contained the swear words. He uttered the swear words in a playful way. The

assholes were referred to a specific person who was Francis. Therefore, this

monologue was included in humorous swearing. Moreover, the swear words also

included into auxiliary swearing because it was Deadpool’s characteristic to speak

according to the theory from Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl,

2008). However, the swear words above were included into the combination of

humorous and auxiliary swearing.

19) Dopinder : Who brought this twinkly man? Deadpool : Twinkly but deadly. My chrome-penised friend back there has agreed to do me this solid. (01:18:36,747)

The dialogue above happened in Dopinder’s taxi. Deadpool rode the taxi

with Colossus and Negasonic Teenage Warhead to save Vanessa from Francis.

Dopinder asked Deadpool about Colossus. Then, Deadpool replied it with a swear

word with the swear words above. He addressed the swear words to Colossus but

he uttered it in a playful way. Nevertheless, it included into humorous swearing,

but these swear words also included in auxiliary swearing. It was because it had

been Deadpool’s way of speaking as stated by Andersson and Trudgill (as cited

from Lindahl, 2008) and it was being an affix in the phrase of “my chrome friend”.

Therefore, the swear words above were categorized into the combination of

humorous and auxiliary swearing.

In a nutshell, the characters in Deadpool movie used all of the types of swear words according to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited from Lindahl, 2008). Besides the categorization of the theory, the data showed that there were some utterances

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which had the combination of two reasons. Those combinations were expletive and auxiliary swearing; abusive and auxiliary swearing; and humorous and auxiliary swearing.

Table 4.2 The Types of Swear Words in Each Reason for Swearing

Types Epithets Profanity Vulgarity Obscenity Reasons Expletive 3% 7% 3% 18% Swearing Abusive 6% - 5% 9% Swearing Humorous - - 4% 1% Swearing Auxiliary 2% - 3% 22% Swearing Variants in the 2% 1% 3% 11% Category Total in each 13% 8% 18% 61% types Total 100%

Based on the table above, it can be seen the distribution of the types of swear

words based on the theory from Battistella (2005) in each reason for swearing. In

epithets, the frequent reason for swearing by the characters was abusive with 6%

of the total number. Moreover, in profanity, the most frequent reason for swearing

was expletive with 7% of the total number. Furthermore, in vulgarity, the most

frequent reason for swearing was abusive with 5% of the total number. Finally, in

obscenity, the frequent reason for swearing was auxiliary with 22% of the total

number.

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In addition, it can be seen the distribution of the reasons for swearing by the

characters in Deadpool , according to Andersson and Trudgill (as cited in Lindahl,

2008), in each type of swear words. In the first reason for swearing which was

expletive swearing, the most frequently used type of swear words was obscenity

with 18%. In the second reason for swearing which was abusive swearing, the

most frequently used type of swear words was obscenity with 9%. In the third

reason for swearing which was humorous swearing, the most frequent type of

swear words used by the characters was vulgarity with 4%. In the fourth reason

for swearing which was auxiliary swearing, the most frequent type of swear words

used by the characters was obscenity with 22%. In the last reason for swearing

which was the variants of the reasons for swearing, the most frequent type of swear

words used by the characters was obscenity with 11%. In short, obscenity was the

dominant type of swear words in each reason for swearing which appeared in

Deadpool movie.

In conclusion, each type of swear words had a relation with the reasons for using it. The character uttered the swear words with a certain reason. Every type of the swear words had more than one reason. Epithets could be used to express the character’s feeling or emotion (expletive), to insult another character (abusive), and as the character’s way of speaking (auxiliary). Profanity could be used to express the feeling or emotion of the character (expletive) and as the character’s way of speaking (auxiliary). Vulgarity and obscenity could be used in all reasons for swearing but it was more frequent to insult another character (abusive). Lastly, the frequent use of obscenity was as the way of the character to speak (auxiliary).

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section presents the summary of the findings as clearly and briefly as possible. The second section presents the implication of the results of the findings to language teaching or learning. The last section is the recommendation for the current practice and future researchers.

A. Conclusions

Based on the findings and analysis from Chapter IV, the researcher could sum up the results of the data analyzed. The researcher had been formulated two research questions in Chapter I to be discussed. The first research question is asking about the types of swear words used in Deadpool movie. The second research question is asking about the reasons for swearing by the characters of Deadpool movie.

There were four different types of swear words used by the characters of

Deadpool movie. The first type was epithets which was categorized the swear words based on the social issues such as race, gender, sexuality, disabilities or appearance, and the use of animal terms. Based on the analysis, the swear words included as epithet was bitch, bullshit, motherfucker, stupid, dumbass, and motherfucking . The second type was profanity which was categorized the swear words based on the religious terms. From the analysis, the swear words included as profanity was God, Jesus Christ, Oh my God, hell, damn, and Goddamn it . The

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third type was vulgarity which was categorized the swear words based on the use of sex differentiating anatomy or the hidden parts of a human body. From the analysis, the swear words included as vulgarity was butt, boobie, cock, ass, vagina, assholes, dick, and penis . The fourth type was obscenity which was categorized the swear words based on the use of excretory function of a human body and sexual activity. Based on the analysis, the swear words included as obscenity was fuck, shit, a blow job, masturbating, fucked up and fucking pie.

Moreoever, there were four reasons for swearing used by the characters of

Deadpool movie. The first reason was expleting swearing which was used to express the character’s feeling or emotion. The second reason was abusive swearing which was addressed to another character to insult her or him. The third reason was humorous swearing which was addressed to another character in a playful way. The last reason was auxiliary swearing which was being the way of the character to speak. Meanwhile, the researcher found if there were three combinations from the category. Those were the combination of expletive swearing and auxiliary swearing; abusive swearing and auxiliary swearing; and humorous swearing and auxiliary swearing. Moreover, the characters of Deadpool movie often used expletive swearing in their utterances since most of the time, they used the swear words to express their feeling or emotion of anger, shocked, disappointed, frustration, and sad.

Furthermore, each type of swear words had a relation with the reasons for using it. The character uttered the swear words with a certain reason. Each type of the swear words had more than one reason. Epithets could be used to express the

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character’s feeling or emotion (expletive), to insult another character (abusive), and as the character’s way of speaking (auxiliary). Profanity could be used to express the feeling or emotion of the character and as the character’s way of speaking.

Vulgarity and obscenity could be used in all reasons for swearing but it was more effective to insult another character. Furthermore, the frequent use of obscenity was as the way of the character to speak.

B. Implications

After doing this research, the researcher can give some implications related to the education field. Below is the implication of this research for English teaching- learning:

1. English Language Lecturers

This research can help English Language Lecturers, especially in Sanata

Dharma University to give a deep understanding of impoliteness and swear words.

The lecturer can add this material as the example of impoliteness. This material can be discussed briefly since most of the students are accustomed to hear some swear words in their daily conversation. By giving this material, the students can be more aware and able to avoid using the swear words since there is a lot of new vocabulary in these swear words that might be never heard before.

2. English Language Education Study Program Students

As the students in English Language Education, the students have to learn more about Sociolinguistic especially politeness and impoliteness because it is relatable to our daily life. In this Era of globalization, many foreigners come to our country and many people in our country go abroad for vacation, study or business

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matter. By learning this material, the students can be more aware and careful to communicate with them in order to avoid abusive words. Therefore, they can interact and communicate effectively.

3. Readers in general

This research can give more understanding to readers in general about swear words used in a movie. They may understand the jokes in English if it contains swear words. The readers may get some new vocabulary of swear words which might never be heard before. Therefore, they can avoid to use it when having a conversation with foreigners to avoid misunderstanding.

C. Recommendations

After doing this research, the researcher has some recommendations for the future researchers. This research focuses on the types of swear words and reasons for swearing in Deadpool movie. This research can be the starting point for the future researchers to conduct their research. This research also can give an insight into Sociolinguistic especially swear words.

The researcher suggests that the future researchers can develop this research in the further research. The researcher suggests that the future researcher can conduct the research in the sequel to Deadpool movie or in the other movie.

Moreover, the future researcher can use the other source of data such as a novel, video talk-show, poem, song, or a speech. This will enrich the data about swear words and give a valid data if swear words can be found in any other media.

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REFERENCES

Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the censoring of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction to research in education (8th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Battistella, E. L. (2005). Bad language: Are some words better than others? Oxford: Oxford University Press. Creswell, J. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Crystal, D. (1995). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Damastuti, T. I. (2016). Swear words used by Susan Cooper in the Spy movie. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Retrieved July 6, 2017, from http://repository.usd.ac.id/6575/2/121214100_full.pdf Esterika, T. (2016). The analysis of swear words that are used by white and black characters in 12 Years a Slave movie. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Retrieved June 9, 2018, from http://repository.usd.ac.id/6375/2/121214132_full.pdf Fasold, R. W. (2006). An introduction to language and linguistics. (J. C. Linton, Ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hughes, G. (2006). An encyclopedia of swearing: the social history of oaths, profanity, foul Language, and ethnic slurs in the English-speaking world. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Jay, T. (1992). Cursing in America. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Jay, T. (2009). The utility and ubiquity of taboo words. Perspectives on psychological science, 4(2) , 153-161. Retrieved September 27, 2017, from Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts:

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https://www.mcla.edu/Assets/uploads/MCLA/import/www.mcla.edu/Unde rgraduate/uploads/textWidget/1457.00018/documents/Jay_Taboo.pdf Karjalainen, M. (2002). Where have all the swearwords gone: An analysis of the loss of swearwords in two Swedish translations of JD Salingers Catcher in the Rye. Helsinki: Unpublished Pro Graduate Thesis, University of Helsinki. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/engla/pg/karjalainen/wherehav.pdf Lichtman, M. (2013). Qualitative research in education: A user's guide (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications Inc. Lindahl, K. (2008). The x -word and its usage: Taboo words and swear words in general, and x-words in newspapers. Retrieved October 5, 2017, from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:5732/FULLTEXT01.pdf Ljung, M. (2011). Swearing: A cross-cultural linguistic study. New York: Palgrave McMillan. Prawinanto, A. (2016). A sociolinguistic analysis of the use of swear words in the "Antologi Rasa‟ novel written by Ika Natassa. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Retrieved July 7, 2017, from https://repository.usd.ac.id/3303/2/111214158_full.pdf Setiawan, M. A. (2016). Swear words in 21st Jump Street movie. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Retrieved July 6, 2017, from http://library.usd.ac.id/web/index.php?pilih=ta&mod=yes&aksi=full&id=8 b5fabf0d43ce89f1ab59868324ff633. Trudgill, P. (2000). Sociolinguistics: An introduction to language and society. London: Penguin.

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APPENDIX The types and reasons for swearing in Deadpool movie

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No Time Data Types of Swear Words Reasons for Swearing Epi Pro Vul Obs Exp Abu Hum Aux 1. 00:04:12,854 Dopinder : Sir, what does Miss Mama 1 1  June taste like? 00:04:15,855 Deadpool : Like two hobos fucking in a shoe filled with piss. Okay, enough 2. 00:04:38,213 Dopinder: And what did he do to you, 1 1  Mr. Pool? 00:04:39,746 Deadpool: This shit … 3. 00:05:42,744 Flight deck guard: Fucking mutant. 1 1 1  00:05:44,611 4. 00:05:54,356 Deadpool: Oh, shit ! I forgot my ammo 1 1  bag. 00:05:56,022 5. 00:06:00,362 Dopinder: Shall we turn back? 1 1  Deadpool: No, no time. Fuck it. I got 00:06:02,061 this. 6. 00:06:34,696 Deadpool: (singing) Brother, wanna 1 1  thank your mother for a butt like that 00:06:37,330 7. 00:06:37,332 Deadpool: (singing) Can I get some 1 1  fries with that shake-shake boobie ? 00:06:39,899

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8. 00:06:48,777 Deadpool: Oh, hello. I know, right? 1 1  Whose balls did I have to fondle to get 00:06:50,743 my very own movie? 9. 00:07:25,313 Deadpool: cock shot. 1 1  00:07:26,379 10. 00:08:49,397 Deadpool (monologue) : Shit . Did I 1 1  leave the stove on? 00:08:51,497 11. 00:11:22,717 Deadpool: (monologue when he got 1 1  shoot) Shit 00:11:24,083 12. 00:11:27,021 Deadpool: (monologue) 1 1  Motherfucker ! 00:11:28,688 13. 00:11:30,058 Deadpool: Ten! Shit! 1 1  (Deadpool shot another character) 00:11:31,190 14. 00:11:31,659 Deadpool: Nine. Fuck 1 1  (Deadpool shot another character) 00:11:32,725 15. 00:11:34,329 Deadpool: Eight. Shit -fuck! 1 1  (Deadpool shot another character) 00:11:35,394

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16. 00:12:48,136 Deadpool: Stupid! Worth it. 1 1  (Deadpool shot another character) 00:12:50,102 17. 00:13:23,805 Deadpool: What the shit -biscuit ! 1 1  Where are you at Francis? 00:13:26,238 18. 00:14:03,678 Deadpool: (killing another character) 1 1 1  But that guy in the red suit just turned 00:14:06,212 that other guy into a fucking kabab 19. 00:14:22,263 Deadpool: I gotta take you back to long 1 1  before I squeezed this ass into red 00:14:25,698 spandex 20. 00:14:34,742 Jeremy: Is this 7348 Red Ledge Drive? 1 1 1  Are you Mr. Merchant? 00:14:38,244 Merchant: Yeah, the Mr. Merchant who didn't order the fucking pie! 21. 00:14:48,456 Merchant: (asking to Deadpool) The 1 1  fuck are you? 00:14:49,622 22. 00:14:49,624 Merchant: (asking to Deadpool) The 1 1  fuck you doing in my crib 00:14:51,624

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23. 00:14:52,793 Deadpool: Is it burnt crust? 1 1  Jeremy: I… God , I hope not. Um… 00:14:54,727 24. 00:15:34,769 Merchant: Okay, just look, man. Can I 1 1 1  have my Sam’s card? 00:15:37,836 Deadpool: I will shoot your fucking cat! 25. 00:15:40,641 Merchant: I don’t really know what that 1 1  means. I don’t have a cat. 00:15:42,508 Deadpool: Then, whose kitty liner did I just shit in? 26. 00:17:19,473 A teen girl: Hey, think you could fuck 1 1  up my step-dad? 00:17:21,440 Deadpool: I give a guy a pavement facial, it’s because he’s earned it. 27. 00:17:35,690 Deadpool: Nope. Never will be. 1 1  Teenager in the street: Oh. Fuck you , 00:17:37,690 Wade. 28. 00:17:37,692 Deadpool: (monologue) I’m just a bad 1 1  guy who gets paid to fuck up worse 00:17:41,360 guys 29. 00:17:47,535 Deadpool: (monologue) Think of us as 1 1  really fucked up tooth fairies except we 00:17:49,468 knock out the teeth and take the cash.

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30. 00:18:55,636 Weasel: Remind me what good will 1 1  come of this? 00:18:57,703 Deadpool: I don’t take the shits . I just disturb them. 31. 00:19:04,078 Deadpool: Cheers. To your health. 1 1  Weasel: Fuck you . 00:19:09,047 32. 00:19:06,881 Boothe: Come here, you fat fuck ! (He 1 1  was fighting with Buck) 00:19:09,047 33. 00:19:15,523 Buck: Stay the fuck down 1 1  00:19:16,955 34. 00:19:19,627 A man in the bar: Whoa! Took his ass 1 1  out! 00:19:21,427 35. 00:19:53,594 Deadpool: You bet on me to die. 1 1  Motherfucker , you’re the world’s 00:19:55,461 worst friend 36. 00:21:51,245 Deadpool: Hey, what can I get for uh 1 1  $275 and a Yogurtland rewards card? 00:21:54,012 Vanessa: Baby, about 48 minutes of whatever the fuck you want and a low- fat dessert.

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37. 00:22:16,103 Vanessa: You love skee ball. 1 1  Apparently more than you love vagina . 00:22:18,370 Deadpool: That’s a tough call. 38. 00:22:48,769 Deadpool: The limited edition Voltron, 1 1  defender of the Universe ring por favor. 00:22:50,902 Okay, here we go. Had my eye on this sucker for awhile 39. 00:26:07,334 Deadpool: What if I just held on and 1 1  never let go? 00:26:10,068 Vanessa: Just ride a bitch’s back , like Yoda on Luke 40. 00:26:15,475 Deadpool: Oh, Star Wars jokes. 1 1  Vanessa: Empire 00:26:16,942 Deadpool: Jesus Christ . It’s like I made you in a computer. 41. 00:28:05,619 Deadpool: (monologue) Now, if I were 1 1 1  a 200-pound sack of assholes named 00:28:11,056 Francis, where would I hide? 42. 00:28:54,234 Deadpool: Ladies and gentlemen, what 1 1 1  you’re witnessing is sweet dick-kicking 00:28:59,004 revenge 43. 00:29:29,436 Francis: Wade fucking Wilson. Well, 1 1 1  hello gorgeous. 00:29:31,636

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Deadpool: Yeah, like I got bit by a radioactive Shar-Pei. 44. 00:30:03,837 Deadpool: (monologue) I think we can 1 1  all agree that shit just went sideways in 00:30:06,604 the most colossal way. 45. 00:30:55,856 Vanessa: You belong here at home 1 1  surrounded by your Voltron and your 00:30:59,491 Bernadette and your me. Deadpool: Listen, we both know that cancer is a shit-show . 46. 00:31:01,161 Deadpool: Like, a Yakov-Smirnoff- 1 1  opening-for-the Spin-Doctors-at-the- 00:31:06,164 Iowa-State-Fair shit-show and under no circumstances will I take you to that show. 47. 00:31:30,924 Deadpool: I swear to God, I will find 1 1  you in the next life and I’m gonna 00:31:34,192 boom-box careless whisper outside your window. Wham! Vanessa: No one is boom-boxing shit . Okay? We can fight this. 48. 00:31:44,271 Vanessa: Besides, I just realized 1 1  something. You win. Your life is 00:31:49,407

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officially way more fucked up than mine 49. 00:32:11,264 Weasel: Wade 1 1  Deadpool: Weas.. 00:32:13,565 Weasel: You look like you need a blow job and a shower 50. 00:32:22,642 Weasel: How about three shots of 1 1  Patron? Or how about Triticum 00:32:22,640 aestivum wheatgrass. Excellent for the immune system. Deadpool: Jesus Christ . You sound like Vanessa 51. 00:34,36,743 Agent Smith: We will make you better 1 1  than better. A superhero. 00:34:39,510 Deadpool: Look, Agent Smith, I tried the hero business and it left a mark, but if I ever hit “fuck it,” I’ll look you up. 52. 00:34:41,781 Deadpool: Shit. We’re within 500 yards 1 1  of a school, so you may wanna… 00:34:43,481 53. 00:36:40,166 Deadpool: (monologue) Pro; They pull 1 1  down a gaggle of ass. 00:36:43,134

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54. 00:36:48,741 Deadpool: Con; They’re all lame -ass 1 1  teacher’s pets. 00:36:51,843 55. 00:37:07,126 Colossus: This is shameful and reckless 1 1 1  use of your powers. You will both be 00:37:11,162 coming with us. Deadpool: Look, Colossus, I don’t have time for the goody two-shoes bullshit right now! 56. 00:37:16,636 Deadpool: And you are? 1 1  Negasonic Teenage Warhead: 00:37:20,037 Negasonic Teenage Warhead. Deadpool: Negasonis Teenage. What the shit ? The coolest name ever! 57. 00:37:29,048 Deadpool: So, what you’re like, uh, his 1 1  sidekick? 00:37:31,682 Colossus: No. Trainee. Deadpool: Let me guess. X-men left you behind on what? Shit detail? 58. 00:38:02,048 Colossus: We can’t allow this, 1 1  Deadpool. Please, come quietly. 00:38:04,315 Deadpool: You big chrome cock - gobbler! Colossus: That’s not nice.

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59. 00:38:05,768 Deadpool: You’re really gonna fuck 1 1  this up for me? 00:38:07,218 60. 00:38:07,220 Deadpool: Trust me, that wheezing bag 1 1  of dick-tips has it coming. He is pure 00:38:11,789 evil. 61. 00:38:35,514 Deadpool: Listen! The day I decide to 1 1  become a crime-fighting shit-swizzler 00:38:37,281 who rooms with a bunch of other little whiners… 62. 00:38:40,687 Deadpool: … at the Neverland mansion 1 1  of some creepy, old, bald, Heaven’s 00:38:45,623 Gate-looking motherfucker … 63. 00:38:47,293 Deadpool: On that day, I’ll send you 1 1  shiny, happy ass a friend request… 00:38:49,694 64. 00:38:52,165 Deadpool: …but until then, I’mma do 1 1  what I came here to do. Either that or 00:38:54,966 slap the bitch outta you! 65. 00:39:21,294 Colossus: Wade, please. 1 1  Deadpool: Cock shot! 00:39:24,195

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66. 00:39:45,418 Colossus: This is embarrassing. Please, 1 1  stay down. 00:39:48,019 Deadpool: You ever hear of the one- legged man in the ass-kicking contest? 67. 00:40:28,695 Negasonic Teenage Warhead: (seeing 1 1  Deadpool cut his arm with a knife) Oh 00:40:29,860 my God. 68. 00:40:52,351 Deadpool: (monologue) Rock meet 1 1  bottom. And when life ends up 00:40:55,786 breathtakingly fucked , you can generally trace it back to one big bad decision. 69. 00:40:59,992 Deadpool: (monologue) The one that 1 1  sent you down the road to Shitsburgh . 00:41:03,194 70. 00:41:14,207 Agent Smith: Nothing warms my heart 1 1  more than a change of someone else’s. 00:41:16,040 You finally hit “fuck it.” Deadpool: Just promise you’ll do right by me. 71. 00:42:35,321 Francis: We have another talker. 1 1  Deadpool: I’m just excited about my 00:42:37,521 first day at superhero camp. Angel Dust: Shut the fuck up

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72. 00:45:36,635 Cunningham: You mean a bucket list? 1 1  Wade: Like a fuck-it list. I’d really like 00:45:39,103 to light a spliff off the Olympic torch. 73. 00:46:34:827 Francis: Wouldn’t want you giving up 1 1  on us, now would we? 00:46:36,760 Deadpool: Hey, don’t take any shit from him, Cunningham 74. 00:47:11,230 Francis: You are so relentlessly 1 1  annoying. 00:47:14,298 Deadpool: Thanks. Never heard that before. Francis: Why don’t you do us all a favour and shut the fuck up ? 75. 00:48:03,616 Francis: And that’s where we’ll leave 1 1  you. Right there. 00:48:05,883 Deadpool: Oh, and I thought you guys were dicks before 76. 00:48:16,529 Francis: (monologue) You. A 1 1  dishonourable discharge. Hip-deep in 00:48:18,662 hookers . You’re nothing. 77. 00:48:44,957 Francis: Terrorizing citizens, putting 1 1  down freedom fighters. Maybe just 00:48:47,624 mow the occasional lawn.

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Deadpool: What the fuck is wrong with you? 78. 00:50:16,048 Francis: Fucking hell . Looks like 1 1  someone lost his shot at Homecoming 00:50:18,382 King. Deadpool: What have you done to me? 79. 00:50:27,059 Francis: I’ve merely raised your stresss 1 1  levels high enough to trigger a 00:50:29,926 mutation. Deadpool: You sadistic fuck ! 80. 00:51:23,782 Francis: Oh, well. Go ahead. 1 1  Angel Dust: Oh, you smell like shit 00:51:28,852 81. 00:51:28,854 Angel Dust: Motherfucker 1 1  Francis: Hey, hey, hey. It’s all right, 00:51:30,821 it’s all right. 82. 00:57:29,948 A guy in the street: God, he’s so 1 1 1  fucking gnarly . 00:57:33,750 A woman in the street: Look at this face. 83. 00:58:05,016 Weasel: Come on, Wade, it can’t be that 1 1  bad. 00:58:07:384 Deadpool: Ah, bullshit !

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84. 00:58:07,385 Deadpool: I’m monster inside and out. I 1 1  belong in a fucking circus . 00:58:09,753 Weasel: Wade, Vanessa loves you. She doesn’t care what you… Oh! Oh! 85. 00:58:22,134 Weasel: You look like an avocado had 1 1  sex with an older, more disgusting 00:58:24,200 avocado. Deadpool: Yeah Weasel: Not gently. Like it was hate- fucking. 86. 00:58:29,975 Weasel: There was something wrong 1 1  with the relationship and that was the 00:58:35,211 only catharsis that they could find without violence. Deadpool: And the only guy who can fix this fugly mug is the British shitstick who ran the mutant factory. 87. 00:58:42,020 Weasel: Yeah, well you gotta do 1 1  something to remedy this because as of 00:58:43,253 now, you only have one course of action. Deadpool: Damn straight. Find Francis.

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88. 00:58:48,293 Weasel: Star in horror films. 1 1  Deadpool: What? 00:58:53,129 Weasel: Star in your own horror films because you look like Freddy Krueger face-fucked a topographical map of Utah. 89. 00:59:00,105 Deadpool: I’m gonna work through is 1 1  crew until somebody gives up Francis 00:59:01,871 force him to fix this, then put a bullet in his skull and fuck the brain hole. Weasel: I don’t wanna see tha or think of it again. 90. 00:59:37,909 Weasel: Oh , shit . I put my money on 1 1  you and now... I just realized I’m never 00:59:39,209 gonna win the, uh… 91. 01:00:00,866 Weasel: To you, Mr. Pool. Deadpool. 1 1  That sounds like a fucking franchise. 01:00:02,165 92. 01:00:16,581 Deadpool: (monologue) This shit’s 1 1 1  gonna have nuts in it. 01:00:19,349 93. 01:00:44,976 Blind Al: (talking to Deadpool) Seltzer 1 1  water and lemon for blood or wear red. 01:00:51,180 Dumbass.

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94. 01:01:29,421 Deadpool: Where the fuck is Francis? 1 1 1  01:01:31,354 95. 01:02:14,556 Deadpool: Tell me where your fucking 1 1 1  boss is or you’re gonna die! In five 01:02:14,564 minutes! 96. 01:05:36,901 Deadpool: Oh! So comfy. 1 1  Blind Al: Upside of being blind, I’ve 01:05:38,434 never seen you in Crocs. Deadpool: You mean my big, rubber masturbating shoes? Blind Al: Yes, I know. 97. 01:06:45,035 Blind Al: Why such a douch this 1 1 1  morning? 01:06,46,735 Deadpool: Let’s recap. The cock thistle that turned me into this freak slipped through my arms today… Arm. 98. 01:06:54,879 Deadpool: Catching him was my only 1 1 1  chance to be hot again, get my super 01:06:57,346 sexy ex back and prevent this shit from happening to someone else. 99. 01:06:57,348 Deadpool: So, yeah, today was about as 1 1  much fun as a sandpaper dildo 01:07:00,983

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100. 01:07:21,906 Francis: (talking to Angel Dust) Found 1 1 1  out who our friend in the red suit is. 01:07:29,045 Fucking Wade Wilson 101. 01:07:48,666 Francis: Still, we’ll put him out of our 1 1  misery on our terms. 01:07:52,702 Angel Dust: Right. And when he heals? Francis: He can’t. Not if there’s nothing left of him to heal. You know, it’s funny. I almost miss the fucker . 102. 01:08:11,989 Deadpool: Oh. 1 1  Blind Al: Tylenol PM? 01:08:16,058 Deadpool: You can stick that where you stuck the Bactin. I raided my stash of wisdom tooth Percocet and I’m orbiting fucking Saturn right now. 103. 01:08:46,724 Blind Al: Looks aren’t everything. 1 1  Deadpool: Looks are everything. You 01:08:49,058 ever heard David Beckham speak? It’s like he mouth-sexed a can of helium. 104. 01:10:48,779 Weasel: (talking to Deadpool on the 1 1 1  phone) Wade, we have a fucking 01:10:51,146 problem. And by “we” I mean “you”

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105. 01:11:03,027 Weasel: Have you decided what you’re 1 1  gonna say to her? 01:11:04,293 Deadpool: Fuck me! Weasel: Uh, maybe not start with that. 106. 01:12:32,850 Deadpool: (monologue) Ah, you weak 1 1  motherfucker ! Come on! 01:12:35,651 107. 01:14:27,364 Deadpool: (monologue) Fuck. Fuck! 1 1  01:14:29,865 108. 01:14:32,369 Deadpool: Motherfucker! 1 1  Weasel: Wait, wait. Let’s… Just… 01:14:34,203 109. 01:14:37,475 Weasel: We can talk about what we’re 1 1  gonna… 01:14:38,507 Deadpool: Jiminy! Fuck face ! 110. 01:14:39,944 Weasel: Okay, or you can hit that. 1 1  Yeah, yeah, yeah. 01:14:41,844 Deadpool: Fuck! Fuck! 111. 01:14:43,214 Weasel: No, no. All right. Hey! 1 1  Deadpool: Fuck! Fuck! 01:14:44,980

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112. 01:14:44,982 Deadpool: Fuck! 1 1  Weasel: Hey, um… 01:14:46,515 Deadpool: Whoa! Whoa! Weasel: Relax. Relax. Relax. 113. 01:14:50,421 Weasel: Okay, I think that’s a good 1 1  start. 01:14:52,488 Deadpool: Oh, I’m gonna rip his motherfucking. 114. 01:15:05,102 Weasel: He wants you to come to him. 1 1  Deadpool: What is that? 01:15:06,869 Weasel: That’s the shit emoji 115. 01:15:54,919 Blind Al: I was gonna spend the night 1 1  assembling the Borje, but this is holding 01:15:56,919 my interest. Deadpool: I told you, we’re going with the Urvaj, not the Borje. Get it through your head or get out of fuck town 116. 01:15:56,921 Blind Al: Shit. That’s all the pieces in 1 1  the house. 01:15:59,588 117. 01:16:05,963 Deadpool: Up, up, up. Oh. Down, 1 1  down, down. 01:16:07,029 Blind Al: Fuck you

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118. 01:16:45,202 Weasel: (talking to Blind Al) You 1 1  wanna get fucked up ? 01:16:46,635 119. 01:17:11,996 Francis: Go on then. (asking Angel 1 1  Dust to open Vanessa’s plaster in her 01:17:14,997 mouth) Vanessa: Thanks dickless. And I mean you. 120. 01:17:18,302 Francis: Wow. You’re a talker too. You 1 1  and Wade. 01:17:21,536 Vanessa: I’ve been trying to tell you assholes , you’ve got the wrong girl. My old boyfriend, he’s dead. 121. 01:17:48,165 Deadpool: Ripley, from Alien 3! 1 1  Negasonic Teenage Warhead: Fuck , 01:17:50,132 you’re old 122. 01:18:36,747 Dopinder: Who bought this twinkly 1 1 1  man? 01:18:39,348 Deadpool: Twinkly but deadly. My chrome-penised friend back there has agreed to do me this solid. 123. 01:20:10,174 Dopinder: Knock ‘em dead, Pool Boy! 1 1 1  Deadpool: Time to make the chimi- 01:20:12,240 fucking-changas

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124. 01:20:20,084 Deadpool: (monologue) Not often a 1 1  dude ruins your face skull-stomps your 00:20:22,484 sanity, grabs your future baby mama and personally sees to four of your five shittiest moments. 125. 01:21:06,263 Dopinder: Leave a message and have a 1 1  happy day. 01:21:07,629 Deadpool: (hang up the phone to Dopinder) God damn it ! 126. 01:21:35,659 Francis: Wade Wilson! What’s my 1 1 1  name? 01:21:37,859 Deadpool: Oh, I’mma fucking spell it out for ya 127. 01:22:46,630 Deadpool: Finish fucking her the fuck 1 1  up! 01:22:48,363 Colossus: Language, please.

128. 01:22:49,466 Deadpool: Suck a cock 1 1  01:22:50,699 129. 01:23:35,545 Deadpool: (talking to Francis’ guard) 1 1 1  Fellas! Hey! Hey! You only work for 01:23:39,381 that shit-spackled muppet fart.

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130. 01:25:15,128 Deadpool: Bob! 1 1  Bob: Wade! 01:25:16,378 Deadpool: Oh my God , I haven’t seen you since … Bob: Since TGI Fridays. Deadpool: Jacksonville Fridays. 131. 01:25:19,483 Deadpool: Well, what the hell ! 1 1  01:25:23,385 132. 01:25:21,718 Deadpool: (talking to Bob) God , come 1 1  here, you 01:25:23,385 133. 01:26:53,577 Deadpool: (monologue) 1 1 1  Motherfucking 01:26:55,076 134. 01:27:06,490 Deadpool: (monologue when seeing 1 1 1  Francis) Motherfucker should have 01:27:08,957 worn his brown pants. 135. 01:27:18,735 Vanessa: Wade? 1 1  Deadpool: Don’t worry, baby. I’mma 01:27:21,135 get you out of that shit-box. 136. 01:27:27,644 Francis: What better way to crawl back 1 1  inside that head of yours? 01:27:27,642 Deadpool: Oh, you never left.

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Vanessa: But you did, asshole ! 137. 01:30:17,180 Vanessa: (talking to Deadpool) 1 1  Asshole! 01:30:19,280 138. 01:31:35,125 Vanessa: (monologue) Shit! Shit! Shit! 1 1  01:31:36,290 139. 01:31:59,916 Deadpool: (monologue) Ah! Damn it ! 1 1  Maximum Effort! 01:32:01,949 140. 01:33:06,082 Deadpool: Yoo-hoo! Oh my God ! That 1 1  was so … 01:33:08,850 141. 01:33:50,260 Francis: You stupid fucking idiot. Did 1 1 1  you really think there was a cure for 01:33:53,394 that? Deadpool: What? Francis: Your heard me. Deadpool: No. No! 142. 01:34:39,375 Deadpool: Any last words? 1 1  Francis: What’s my name? 01:34:40,508 Deadpool: Who fucking cares?

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143. 01:35:42,171 Colossus: Why? 1 1  Deadpool: You were droning on. Sure, I 01:35:45,206 may be stuck looking like pepperoni flatbread but at least fuckface won’t heal from that. 144. 01:35:59,455 Deadpool: (whispering) Oh, shit. 1 1  01:36:01,188 145. 01:36:08,498 Deadpool: Now, if you’ll excuse me, 1 1  I’m just aboy about to stand in front of a 01:36:10,564 girl and tell her. What the fuck am I gonna tell her? Colossus: Well, you better figure it out. 146. 01:39:06,742 Vanessa: Hey, after a brief adjustment 1 1  period and a bunch of drinks. It’s a face 01:39:08,742 I’d be happy to sit on. Deadpool: I’m not the same underneath this suit, either. No. Super-penis 147. 01:39:20,823 Deadpool: (talking to Colossus) Go 1 1  make yourself useful! You, go be really 01:39:22,656 big brother to someone. Tell Beast to stop shitting on my lawn.

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148. 01:39:33,336 Negasonic Teenage Warhead: That’s all 1 1  right. You’re cool. 01:39:34,935 Deadpool: What in the ass ? That was not mean. I’m proud of you! Total 20 12 26 90 53 41 14 63

Abbreviations:

Epi : Epithets Exp : Expletive swearing

Pro : Profanity Abu : Abusive swearing

Vul : Vulgarity Hum : Humorous swearing

Obs : Obscene Aux : Auxiliary swearing