What Is Optofluidics? What Shall We Discuss This Week?
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Glossary Physics (I-Introduction)
1 Glossary Physics (I-introduction) - Efficiency: The percent of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output; = work done / energy used [-]. = eta In machines: The work output of any machine cannot exceed the work input (<=100%); in an ideal machine, where no energy is transformed into heat: work(input) = work(output), =100%. Energy: The property of a system that enables it to do work. Conservation o. E.: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Equilibrium: The state of an object when not acted upon by a net force or net torque; an object in equilibrium may be at rest or moving at uniform velocity - not accelerating. Mechanical E.: The state of an object or system of objects for which any impressed forces cancels to zero and no acceleration occurs. Dynamic E.: Object is moving without experiencing acceleration. Static E.: Object is at rest.F Force: The influence that can cause an object to be accelerated or retarded; is always in the direction of the net force, hence a vector quantity; the four elementary forces are: Electromagnetic F.: Is an attraction or repulsion G, gravit. const.6.672E-11[Nm2/kg2] between electric charges: d, distance [m] 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (q1q2/d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] m,M, mass [kg] Gravitational F.: Is a mutual attraction between all masses: q, charge [As] [C] 2 2 2 2 F = GmM/d [Nm /kg kg 1/m ] = [N] 0, dielectric constant Strong F.: (nuclear force) Acts within the nuclei of atoms: 8.854E-12 [C2/Nm2] [F/m] 2 2 2 2 2 F = 1/(40) (e /d ) [(CC/m )(Nm /C )] = [N] , 3.14 [-] Weak F.: Manifests itself in special reactions among elementary e, 1.60210 E-19 [As] [C] particles, such as the reaction that occur in radioactive decay. -
Molecular Materials for Nonlinear Optics
RICHARD S. POTEMBER, ROBERT C. HOFFMAN, KAREN A. STETYICK, ROBERT A. MURPHY, and KENNETH R. SPECK MOLECULAR MATERIALS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS An overview of our recent advances in the investigation of molecular materials for nonlinear optical applications is presented. Applications of these materials include optically bistable devices, optical limiters, and harmonic generators. INTRODUCTION of potentially important optical qualities and capabilities Organic molecular materials are a class of materials such as optical bistability, optical threshold switching, in which the organic molecules retain their geometry and photoconductivity, harmonic generation, optical para physical properties when crystallization takes place. metric oscillation, and electro-optic modulation. A sam Changes occur in the physical properties of individual ple of various applications for several optical materials molecules during crystallization, but they are small com is shown in Table 1. pared with those that occur in ionic or metallic solids. The optical effects so far observed in many organic The energies binding the individual molecules together materials result from the interaction of light with bulk in organic solids are also relatively small, making organic materials such as solutions, single crystals, polycrystal molecular solids mere aggregations of molecules held to line fIlms, and amorphous compositions. In these materi gether by weak intermolecular (van der Waals) forces . als, each molecule in the solid responds identically, so The crystalline structure of most organic molecular solids that the response of the bulk material is the sum of the is more complex than that of most metals or inorganic responses of the individual molecules. That effect sug solids; 1 the asymmetry of most organic molecules makes gests that it may be possible to store and process optical the intermolecular forces highly anisotropic. -
A Review of Single-Mode Fiber Optofluidics (Invited)
This is the author's version of an article that has been published in this journal. Changes were made to this version by the publisher prior to publication. The final version of record is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2015.2466071 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 1 A Review of Single-Mode Fiber Optofluidics (Invited) R. Blue, Member, IEEE, A. Duduś, and D. Uttamchandani, Senior Member, IEEE together with its ability to readily change its optical properties Abstract — We review the field we describe as “single-mode fiber are distinct advantages which promote the development of optofluidics” which combines the technologies of microfluidics SMF optofluidic devices. In general SMF devices can be with single-mode fiber optics for delivering new implementations classified into continuous fiber devices and fiber-gap devices. of well-known single-mode optical fiber devices. The ability of a This classification also extends to SMF optofluidic devices. In fluid to be easily shaped to different geometries plus the ability to this paper we review the full range of SMF optofluidic devices have its optical properties easily changed via concentration reported to date. Sections II and III examine the modifications changes or an applied electrical or magnetic field offers potential benefits such as no mechanical moving parts, miniaturization, required to the standard SMF to achieve interaction of a fluid increased sensitivity and lower costs. However, device fabrication with the guided light for both continuous fiber and fiber-gap and operation can be more complex than in established single- devices. -
The Implementation of Optofluidic Microscopy On
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OPTOFLUIDIC MICROSCOPY ON A CHIP SCALE AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY STUDIES Thesis by Lap Man Lee In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2012 (Defended September 12th, 2011) ii © 2012 Lap Man Lee All Rights Reserved iii Acknowledgement The completion of my thesis is based on support and help from many individuals. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my PhD advisor Prof. Changhuei Yang for offering me a chance to work on an emerging research field of optofluidics and participate in the development of optofluidic microscopy (OFM), which leads to many successful results. His guidance has led the OFM project from an elegant engineering idea to reality. His enthusiasm and creativity in conducting academic research is forever young, motivating us to pursue excellence in our projects. I thank him for introducing me to biophotonics and allowing me to play a role in contributing to the field. I want to thank Prof. Yu-Chong Tai for being my thesis committee chair. His pioneering work in MEMS has always been my motivation to pursue something ‘big’ in the world of ‘small’. You will find yourself learning something new every time you interact with him, not only in science but also in life. I want to thank Prof. Chin-Lin Guo for the discussion after the committee meeting. I find his advice very useful. I am thankful for suggestions from Prof. Azita Emami, which made my PhD work more complete. I also acknowledge my candidacy committee members, Prof. -
COLL Abstracts
COLL 1 Cytosolic internalization of luminescent quantum dots Hedi M. Mattoussi1, [email protected], Anshika Kapur1, Goutam Palui1, Wentao Wang1, Scott Medina2, Joel Schneider2. (1) Chem Biochem, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States (2) Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, , Frederick, Maryland, United States The remarkable progress made over the past two decades to grow inorganic nanomaterials, combined with careful surface functionalization strategies offer an opportunity to develop novel platforms for use in molecular imaging and as diagnostic tools. A successful integration into biological systems requires devising strategies to promote their intracellular uptake while circumventing endocytosis. We report on the use of an amphiphilic anti-microbial peptide as means of promoting the cytosolic uptake of luminescent QDs. The peptide is synthesized with a terminal cysteine to allow conjugation onto QDs that have been coated with multifunctional metal-coordinating ligands. Using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry we find that incubating cells with the QD-peptide leads to delivery into the cytoplasm without affecting the cellular morphology or viability. We observed a homogeneous distribution of QD staining throughout the cytoplasm and without co-localization with labelled endosomes. Additional experiments where endocytosis has been eliminated (such as pre-treatment with specific inhibitors) have shown minimal effects on the intracellular QD uptake. COLL 2 Influence of PEGyalation on the interaction of colloids with cells Wolfgang Parak1,2, [email protected]. (1) Universitaet Marburg, Marburg, Germany (2) CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian, Spain Several homologous nanoparticle libraries were synthesized in which inorganic nanoparticles (Au, FePt) were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). -
25 Geometric Optics
CHAPTER 25 | GEOMETRIC OPTICS 887 25 GEOMETRIC OPTICS Figure 25.1 Image seen as a result of reflection of light on a plane smooth surface. (credit: NASA Goddard Photo and Video, via Flickr) Learning Objectives 25.1. The Ray Aspect of Light • List the ways by which light travels from a source to another location. 25.2. The Law of Reflection • Explain reflection of light from polished and rough surfaces. 25.3. The Law of Refraction • Determine the index of refraction, given the speed of light in a medium. 25.4. Total Internal Reflection • Explain the phenomenon of total internal reflection. • Describe the workings and uses of fiber optics. • Analyze the reason for the sparkle of diamonds. 25.5. Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms • Explain the phenomenon of dispersion and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. 25.6. Image Formation by Lenses • List the rules for ray tracking for thin lenses. • Illustrate the formation of images using the technique of ray tracking. • Determine power of a lens given the focal length. 25.7. Image Formation by Mirrors • Illustrate image formation in a flat mirror. • Explain with ray diagrams the formation of an image using spherical mirrors. • Determine focal length and magnification given radius of curvature, distance of object and image. Introduction to Geometric Optics Geometric Optics Light from this page or screen is formed into an image by the lens of your eye, much as the lens of the camera that made this photograph. Mirrors, like lenses, can also form images that in turn are captured by your eye. 888 CHAPTER 25 | GEOMETRIC OPTICS Our lives are filled with light. -
Antireflective Coatings
materials Review Antireflective Coatings: Conventional Stacking Layers and Ultrathin Plasmonic Metasurfaces, A Mini-Review Mehdi Keshavarz Hedayati 1,* and Mady Elbahri 1,2,3,* 1 Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24143, Germany 2 Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany 3 Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Aalto 00076, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.K.H.); mady.elbahri@aalto.fi (M.E.); Tel.: +49-431-880-6148 (M.K.H.); +49-431-880-6230 (M.E.) Academic Editor: Lioz Etgar Received: 2 May 2016; Accepted: 15 June 2016; Published: 21 June 2016 Abstract: Reduction of unwanted light reflection from a surface of a substance is very essential for improvement of the performance of optical and photonic devices. Antireflective coatings (ARCs) made of single or stacking layers of dielectrics, nano/microstructures or a mixture of both are the conventional design geometry for suppression of reflection. Recent progress in theoretical nanophotonics and nanofabrication has enabled more flexibility in design and fabrication of miniaturized coatings which has in turn advanced the field of ARCs considerably. In particular, the emergence of plasmonic and metasurfaces allows for the realization of broadband and angular-insensitive ARC coatings at an order of magnitude thinner than the operational wavelengths. In this review, a short overview of the development of ARCs, with particular attention paid to the state-of-the-art plasmonic- and metasurface-based antireflective surfaces, is presented. Keywords: antireflective coating; plasmonic metasurface; absorbing antireflective coating; antireflection 1. -
Fiber Optics Standard Dictionary
FIBER OPTICS STANDARD DICTIONARY THIRD EDITION JOIN US ON THE INTERNET WWW: http://www.thomson.com EMAIL: [email protected] thomson.com is the on-line portal for the products, services and resources available from International Thomson Publishing (ITP). This Internet kiosk gives users immediate access to more than 34 ITP publishers and over 20,000 products. Through thomson.com Internet users can search catalogs, examine subject-specific resource centers and subscribe to electronic discussion lists. You can purchase ITP products from your local bookseller, or directly through thomson.com. Visit Chapman & Hall's Internet Resource Center for information on our new publications, links to useful sites on the World Wide Web and an opportunity to join our e-mail mailing list. Point your browser to: bttp:/Iwww.cbapball.com or http://www.thomson.com/chaphaWelecteng.html for Electrical Engineering A service of I ® JI FIBER OPTICS STANDARD DICTIONARY THIRD EDITION MARTIN H. WEIK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.v. JOIN US ON THE INTERNET WWW: http://www.thomson.com EMAIL: [email protected] thomson.com is the on-line portal for the products, services and resources available from International Thomson Publishing (ITP). This Internet kiosk gives users immediate access to more than 34 ITP publishers and over 20,000 products. Through thomson.com Internet users can search catalogs, examine subject specific resource centers and subscribe to electronic discussion lists. You can purchase ITP products from your local bookseller, or directly through thomson.com. Cover Design: Said Sayrafiezadeh, Emdash Inc. Copyright © 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hali in 1997 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 3rd edition 1997 Ali rights reserved. -
Fiber Optic Communications
FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission Prof. Murat Torlak Optical Fibers Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit signals over long distances. EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission Prof. Murat Torlak Fiber Optic Data Transmission Systems Fiber optic data transmission systems send information over fiber by turning electronic signals into light. Light refers to more than the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is near to what is visible to the human eye. The electromagnetic spectrum is composed of visible and near -infrared light like that transmitted by fiber, and all other wavelengths used to transmit signals such as AM and FM radio and television. The electromagnetic spectrum. Only a very small part of it is perceived by the human eye as light. EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission Prof. Murat Torlak Fiber Optics Transmission Low Attenuation Very High Bandwidth (THz) Small Size and Low Weight No Electromagnetic Interference Low Security Risk Elements of Optical Transmission Electrical-to-optical Transducers Optical Media Optical-to-electrical Transducers Digital Signal Processing, repeaters and clock recovery. EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission Prof. Murat Torlak Types of Optical Fiber Multi Mode : (a) Step-index – Core and Cladding material has uniform but different refractive index. (b) Graded Index – Core material has variable index as a function of the radial distance from the center. Single Mode – The core diameter is almost equal to the wave length of the emitted light so that it propagates along a single path. -
COATING TRACES Coating
Backgrounder COATING TRACES Coating HIGH REFLECTION COATING TRACES ND:YAG/ND:YLF ..........................................................................................................T-26 TUNABLE LASER MIRRORS .........................................................................................T-28 Coating Traces MISCELLANEOUS MIRRORS ........................................................................................T-30 ANTI-REFLECTION COATING TRACES ANTI-REFLECTIVE OVERVIEW ....................................................................................T-31 0 DEGREE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE ............................................................................T-33 Material Properties 45 DEGREE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE ..........................................................................T-36 CUBES AND POLARIZING COMPONENTS TRACES .........................................................T-38 Optical Specifications cvilaseroptics.com T-25 HIGH REFLECTION COATING TRACES: Y1-Y4, HM AT 0 DEGREE INCIDENCE Optical Coatings and Materials Traces Y1 - 1064nm - 0 DEGREES Y2 - 532nm - 0 DEGREES Y3 - 355nm - 0 DEGREES Y4 - 266nm - 0 DEGREES HM - 1064/532nm - 0 DEGREES P-POL: UNP: - - - - - S-POL: 0°: - - - - - - T-26 cvilaseroptics.com Backgrounder Coating HIGH REFLECTION COATING TRACES: Y1-Y4, HM, YH, AT 45 DEGREE INCIDENCE Y1 - 1064nm - 45 DEGREES Y2 - 532nm - 45 DEGREES Coating Traces Material Properties Y3 - 355nm - 45 DEGREES Y4 - 266nm - 45 DEGREES Optical Specifications HM - 1064/532nm - 45 DEGREES YH - 1064/633nm - 45 DEGREES -
Antireflection Coatings for High Power Fiber Laser Optics Authors: Gherorghe Honciuc, Emiliano Ioffe, Jurgen Kolbe, Ophir Optics Group, MKS Instruments Inc
Antireflection Coatings for High Power Fiber Laser Optics Authors: Gherorghe Honciuc, Emiliano Ioffe, Jurgen Kolbe, Ophir Optics Group, MKS Instruments Inc. INTRODUCTION Finally, a long service life of the optics is important for the High-power kilowatt-level fiber lasers (wavelength in spec- user in order to minimize downtime of the laser machine. tral range 1.0 – 1.1µm) are used in important applications This can be achieved only if absorption of the AR coatings in macro material processing, particularly for cutting and is very low. welding metal sheets. In these applications, optics (lenses, In this paper, we review the materials, coating technolo- protective windows) are needed to work properly at corre- gies and measurement techniques used at Ophir Optics spondingly high laser power and power density levels. For for high-performance low absorption fiber laser optics these optics, absorption losses are of crucial importance: manufacturing. absorption of laser radiation leads to increased tempera- ture and a correspondingly higher refractive index of the RAW MATERIAL optics. This changes the properties of the transmitted la- There are two material categories regarding the ser beam and can therefore impair the performance of the absorption of fused silica: manufacturing process. In addition, temperature increase • (a) Fused silica with absorption greater than 1 ppm/cm, can cause internal mechanical stress and eventually dam- e. g. Corning 7980 age the optics. To avoid this, optics with lowest possible • (b) Fused silica with absorption less than 1 ppm/cm, [1] absorption losses must be used. e. g. Suprasil 3001 . The most common raw material for these optics is fused Due to the high cost of material of category (b), it should silica which is available with sufficiently low absorption. -
Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-10-2020 Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications Hao Wang University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Scholar Commons Citation Wang, Hao, "Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8601 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications by Hao Wang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Engineering Department of Medical Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Major Professor: Anna Pyayt, Ph.D. Robert Frisina, Ph.D. Steven Saddow, Ph.D. Sandy Westerheide, Ph.D. Piyush Koria, Ph.D. Date of Approval: October 30, 2020 Key words: Thermal-plasmonic, Convection, Microfluid, Aggregation, Isolation Copyright © 2020, Hao Wang Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the people who have supported me throughout my education. Great appreciation to my academic adviser Dr. Anna Pyayt who kept me on track. Special thanks to my wife Qun, who supports me for years since the beginning of our marriage. Thanks for making me see this adventure though to the end. Acknowledgments On the very outset of this dissertation, I would like to express my deepest appreciation towards all the people who have helped me in this endeavor.