DOCSLIB.ORG

Study of Electrochemical Properties of Liquid Gallium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2017 Study of electrochemical properties of liquid gallium Yuchen Chen University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Chen, Yuchen, Study of electrochemical properties of liquid gallium, Master of Philosophy thesis, Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, 2017. https://ro.uow.edu.au/ theses1/14 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials Study of electrochemical properties of liquid gallium Yuchen Chen "This thesis is presented as part of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Philosophy of the University of Wollongong" March 2017 DECLARATION I, Yuchen Chen, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of philosophy, in the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. This document has not been submitted for a qualification at any other academic institution. Yuchen Chen March, 2017 i ABSTRACT Room temperature liquid metals have been widely studied because of their unique properties including large liquid range and excellent electrical conductivity. Recently, liquid metal gallium and its alloys have attracted huge interest, owing to the discovery of new phenomena based on them. Inspired by these new phenomena, my master thesis focused on the electrochemical properties of liquid gallium and three related topics are presented as follows. Spreading effects of liquid metal gallium have been demonstrated above the melting point of gallium. It was found that spreading of liquid metal can occur in alkaline and acid solution under an applied voltage and liquid metal can be transformed into its spherical shape when the external power supply is cut off. However, the deformations do not show up in pH neutral solution. The volumes of the liquid metal droplet, the externally applied voltage and the concentrations of the electrolyte have great influences in the spreading speed of liquid metal and the maximum top-view spreading area. Spreading effects of liquid metal gallium in the supercooling state have been studied. The experiments were carried out in 0.5 mol/L NaOH and HCl solutions. The spreading and crystallization of liquid metal occurred simultaneously when an external voltage is applied. The crystallization rate is lower than the spreading rate at ii 22 °C. Our findings open new avenues for controlled liquid-solid shape reconfigurations and are of significant importance for potential applications of soft robotics and electronics. A phenomenological study of the gallium beating heart system in both one wire electrode and one graphite ring electrode electrochemical cell configuration stimulated with a DC voltage is presented. The gallium drop is electrically connected to the graphite ring and acts as the working electrode. When a DC voltage is applied, the liquid metal droplet was jumping on the horizontal direction in the middle of graphite ring. The range of beating frequency from 2.3 to 6.1 Hz can be acquired in our experiments. As the voltage increases, the amplitudes of the oscillation of the liquid gallium droplets show dissimilar behaviors with different volumes of liquid gallium droplet. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It’s a great pleasure to take this opportunity to thank those who had helped and supported me along the way. Firstly and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Xiaolin Wang, for his invaluable guidance, persistent support and encouragement, consistent trust throughout my master study in the Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials at the University of Wollongong. The research in this thesis was financially supported by Prof. Xiaolin Wang’s ARC Discovery Project (DP130102956) and an ARC Future Fellowship project (FT130100778). I thank Dr. Tania Silver for her kind help in proofreading and correcting the English in the manuscripts of this thesis. I would also like to express my appreciation to Mr. Zhenwei Yu, Mr. Frank Yun, Dr. Chengbo Zhu, Mr. Feixiang Xiang, Sheik Nazrul Islam, Miss. Lanling Zhao, Dr. Babar Shabbir for their providing measurements and for useful discussion and valuable suggestions. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .......................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. xvii 1 Background and Literature review ............................................................................ 1 1.1 Gallium and its properties ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Gallium and its oxide skin ........................................................................... 5 1.3 Applications ............................................................................................... 13 1.4 New phenomena ......................................................................................... 19 1.5 Motivations ................................................................................................ 27 1.6 References .................................................................................................. 28 2 Controlled reversible deformation of liquid gallium .............................................. 35 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 35 2.2 Experiment ................................................................................................. 37 2.2.1 Chemical properties ............................................................................... 37 2.2.2 Spreading of gallium droplet .................................................................. 38 2.2.3 Area Measurements ................................................................................ 38 2.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 39 2.3.1 Acid solution .......................................................................................... 42 2.3.1.1 Effect of the volume of liquid gallium on the deformation performance.................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1.2 Effect of the concentration of acid solution on the liquid gallium deformation. ................................................................................................... 45 2.3.2 Alkali solution ........................................................................................ 47 2.3.2.1 Effect of the volume of the liquid gallium droplet on the deformation performance. .............................................................................. 47 2.3.2.2 Effects of the applied voltage on the liquid gallium deformation. 50 v 2.3.2.3 Special case .................................................................................... 52 2.3.3 Salt solution ............................................................................................ 54 2.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................ 55 2.5 References .................................................................................................. 56 3 Supercooled Gallium ..............................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • A Review of Single-Mode Fiber Optofluidics (Invited)

    A Review of Single-Mode Fiber Optofluidics (Invited)

    This is the author's version of an article that has been published in this journal. Changes were made to this version by the publisher prior to publication. The final version of record is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2015.2466071 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 1 A Review of Single-Mode Fiber Optofluidics (Invited) R. Blue, Member, IEEE, A. Duduś, and D. Uttamchandani, Senior Member, IEEE together with its ability to readily change its optical properties Abstract — We review the field we describe as “single-mode fiber are distinct advantages which promote the development of optofluidics” which combines the technologies of microfluidics SMF optofluidic devices. In general SMF devices can be with single-mode fiber optics for delivering new implementations classified into continuous fiber devices and fiber-gap devices. of well-known single-mode optical fiber devices. The ability of a This classification also extends to SMF optofluidic devices. In fluid to be easily shaped to different geometries plus the ability to this paper we review the full range of SMF optofluidic devices have its optical properties easily changed via concentration reported to date. Sections II and III examine the modifications changes or an applied electrical or magnetic field offers potential benefits such as no mechanical moving parts, miniaturization, required to the standard SMF to achieve interaction of a fluid increased sensitivity and lower costs. However, device fabrication with the guided light for both continuous fiber and fiber-gap and operation can be more complex than in established single- devices.
  • Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation

    Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation

    IAEA-TECDOC-1569 Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation December 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1569 Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation December 2007 The originating Sections of this publication in the IAEA were: INIS and Nuclear Knowledge Management and Nuclear Power Technology Development Sections International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria LIQUID METAL COOLED REACTORS: EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND OPERATION IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1569 ISBN 978–92–0–107907–7 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 2007 FOREWORD In 2002, within the framework of the Department of Nuclear Energy’s Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR), and according to the expressed needs of the TWG-FR Member States to maintain and increase the present knowledge and expertise in fast reactor science and technology, the IAEA established its initiative seeking to establish a comprehensive, international inventory of fast reactor data and knowledge. More generally, at the IAEA meeting of senior officials convened to address issues of nuclear knowledge management underlying the safe and economic use of nuclear science and technology (Vienna, 17–19 June 2002), there was widespread agreement that, for sustainability reasons for fissile sources and waste management, long-term development of nuclear power as a part of the world’s future energy mix will require the fast reactor technology. Furthermore, given the decline in fast reactor development projects, data retrieval and knowledge preservation efforts in this area are of particular importance. This consensus concluded from the recognition of immediate need gave support to the IAEA initiative for fast reactor data and knowledge presevation.
  • The Implementation of Optofluidic Microscopy On

    The Implementation of Optofluidic Microscopy On

    THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OPTOFLUIDIC MICROSCOPY ON A CHIP SCALE AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY STUDIES Thesis by Lap Man Lee In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2012 (Defended September 12th, 2011) ii © 2012 Lap Man Lee All Rights Reserved iii Acknowledgement The completion of my thesis is based on support and help from many individuals. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my PhD advisor Prof. Changhuei Yang for offering me a chance to work on an emerging research field of optofluidics and participate in the development of optofluidic microscopy (OFM), which leads to many successful results. His guidance has led the OFM project from an elegant engineering idea to reality. His enthusiasm and creativity in conducting academic research is forever young, motivating us to pursue excellence in our projects. I thank him for introducing me to biophotonics and allowing me to play a role in contributing to the field. I want to thank Prof. Yu-Chong Tai for being my thesis committee chair. His pioneering work in MEMS has always been my motivation to pursue something ‘big’ in the world of ‘small’. You will find yourself learning something new every time you interact with him, not only in science but also in life. I want to thank Prof. Chin-Lin Guo for the discussion after the committee meeting. I find his advice very useful. I am thankful for suggestions from Prof. Azita Emami, which made my PhD work more complete. I also acknowledge my candidacy committee members, Prof.
  • COLL Abstracts

    COLL Abstracts

    COLL 1 Cytosolic internalization of luminescent quantum dots Hedi M. Mattoussi1, [email protected], Anshika Kapur1, Goutam Palui1, Wentao Wang1, Scott Medina2, Joel Schneider2. (1) Chem Biochem, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States (2) Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, , Frederick, Maryland, United States The remarkable progress made over the past two decades to grow inorganic nanomaterials, combined with careful surface functionalization strategies offer an opportunity to develop novel platforms for use in molecular imaging and as diagnostic tools. A successful integration into biological systems requires devising strategies to promote their intracellular uptake while circumventing endocytosis. We report on the use of an amphiphilic anti-microbial peptide as means of promoting the cytosolic uptake of luminescent QDs. The peptide is synthesized with a terminal cysteine to allow conjugation onto QDs that have been coated with multifunctional metal-coordinating ligands. Using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry we find that incubating cells with the QD-peptide leads to delivery into the cytoplasm without affecting the cellular morphology or viability. We observed a homogeneous distribution of QD staining throughout the cytoplasm and without co-localization with labelled endosomes. Additional experiments where endocytosis has been eliminated (such as pre-treatment with specific inhibitors) have shown minimal effects on the intracellular QD uptake. COLL 2 Influence of PEGyalation on the interaction of colloids with cells Wolfgang Parak1,2, [email protected]. (1) Universitaet Marburg, Marburg, Germany (2) CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian, Spain Several homologous nanoparticle libraries were synthesized in which inorganic nanoparticles (Au, FePt) were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0090474 A1 Sauciuc Et Al

    (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0090474 A1 Sauciuc Et Al

    US 20060090474A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0090474 A1 Sauciuc et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 4, 2006 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR Publication Classification REMOVING HEAT (51) Int. Cl. F2SB 2L/02 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Ioan Sauciuc, Phoeniz, AZ (US); Jim F28D 5/00 (2006.01) D. Williams, Banks, OR (US) F25D 23/12 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 62/3.2: 62/259.2; 165/104.22 Correspondence Address: BLAKELY SOKOLOFFTAYLOR & ZAFMAN (57) ABSTRACT 124OO WILSHIRE BOULEVARD SEVENTH FLOOR A device includes a liquid metal and a ferrofluid contained LOS ANGELES, CA 90025-1030 (US) in a closed tube. Many electrode groups are connected to the closed tube. A feedback device is connected to the electrode (21) Appl. No.: 10/976,406 groups. The feedback device switches power to each elec trode group in series to circulate the liquid metal and move (22) Filed: Oct. 29, 2004 the ferrofluid in the closed tube. 200 210 -4220 Automatic feedback system and StartUp Circuit (2) (25 260 250 Patent Application Publication May 4, 2006 Sheet 1 of 7 US 2006/0090474 A1 20 FIG. 1A F.G. 1B (Prior Art) (Pr O Art) Patent Application Publication May 4, 2006 Sheet 2 of 7 US 2006/0090474 A1 200 - Automatic feedback system and StartUp Circuit 25 (25 240 E.iSE S3 ES 230 250 FIG. 2 Patent Application Publication May 4, 2006 Sheet 3 of 7 US 2006/0090474 A1 FIG. 3 Patent Application Publication May 4, 2006 Sheet 4 of 7 US 2006/0090474 A1 400 Determine Temperature Alternate power to electrode groups to move ferrofluid 420 Circulate liquid metal Dissipate heat within the liquid metal FIG.
  • Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications

    Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications

    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-10-2020 Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications Hao Wang University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Scholar Commons Citation Wang, Hao, "Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8601 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Opto-Fluidic Manipulation of Microparticles and Related Applications by Hao Wang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Engineering Department of Medical Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Major Professor: Anna Pyayt, Ph.D. Robert Frisina, Ph.D. Steven Saddow, Ph.D. Sandy Westerheide, Ph.D. Piyush Koria, Ph.D. Date of Approval: October 30, 2020 Key words: Thermal-plasmonic, Convection, Microfluid, Aggregation, Isolation Copyright © 2020, Hao Wang Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the people who have supported me throughout my education. Great appreciation to my academic adviser Dr. Anna Pyayt who kept me on track. Special thanks to my wife Qun, who supports me for years since the beginning of our marriage. Thanks for making me see this adventure though to the end. Acknowledgments On the very outset of this dissertation, I would like to express my deepest appreciation towards all the people who have helped me in this endeavor.
  • Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology

    Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology

    sensors Review Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future Habshah Abu Bakar 1, Rosemizi Abd Rahim 2,* , Ping Jack Soh 2,3 and Prayoot Akkaraekthalin 4,* 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, Jitra 06000, Kedah, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Pauh Putra Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia 4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), 1518 Pracharat 1 Rd., Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.A.R.); [email protected] (P.A.) Abstract: Advances in reconfigurable liquid-based reconfigurable antennas are enabling new pos- sibilities to fulfil the requirements of more advanced wireless communication systems. In this review, a comparative analysis of various state-of-the-art concepts and techniques for designing reconfigurable antennas using liquid is presented. First, the electrical properties of different liquids at room temperature commonly used in reconfigurable antennas are identified. This is followed by a discussion of various liquid actuation techniques in enabling high frequency reconfigurability. Next, the liquid-based reconfigurable antennas in literature used to achieve
  • A Complete Interfacial System Solution for Liquid Metal Electronics

    A Complete Interfacial System Solution for Liquid Metal Electronics

    A Complete Interfacial System Solution for Liquid Metal Electronics A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Materials Science & Engineering of the College of Engineering & Applied Science by Sarah E. Holcomb B.S., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2013 Committee Chair: Jason C. Heikenfeld, Ph.D. Abstract Liquid metal electronic devices have numerous advantages over traditional solid devices such as the ability to be flexed and stretched or reconfigured. Examples of such devices are wires, switches, polarizers, and antennas. Previously, mercury has been used as the room temperature liquid metal of choice but has been recently replaced by gallium liquid metal alloys (GaLMAs) which are non-toxic, have extremely low vapor pressures, and can remain liquid at temperatures as low as -19°C. A key difference in the performance of GaLMAs vs. mercury is the mechanically stabilizing, passivating oxide which forms instantly on the surface of GaLMAs in as little as 1 ppm oxygen environments. This oxide presents a significant challenge for reconfigurable device applications because it “sticks” to most surfaces, preventing reversible shape change, which alters the desired electrical performance. Proposed here are two novel methods of overcoming this challenge. These methods enable new capabilities for reconfigurable electronic devices. The first approach involves removing the oxide in situ as it is continuously formed in all practically achievable device environments. Oxide removal is commonly done through the use of hydrochloric acid (aqueous or vapor), which reacts with the gallium oxide to produce gallium chloride, which is not mechanically stabilizing, and water.
  • Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering

    Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering

    Interdisciplinary Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program Self Study January 2012 1 Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Welcome ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Charge to the Review Team .............................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Itinerary and Contact Persons ........................................................................................................... 9 2. TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.1. The University System ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Texas A&M University .....................................................................................................................
  • Tuning Surface Texture of Liquid Metal Particles by Exploiting Material Metastability Joel Cutinho Iowa State University

    Tuning Surface Texture of Liquid Metal Particles by Exploiting Material Metastability Joel Cutinho Iowa State University

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Tuning surface texture of liquid metal particles by exploiting material metastability Joel Cutinho Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons, and the Mechanics of Materials Commons Recommended Citation Cutinho, Joel, "Tuning surface texture of liquid metal particles by exploiting material metastability" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16118. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16118 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tuning surface texture of liquid metal particles by exploiting material metastability by Joel Cutinho A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Materials Science and Engineering Program of Study Committee: Martin Thuo, Major Professor Shan Jiang Jaime Juarez The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Joel Cutinho, 2017. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work primarily to my family, who have taught me to believe in God, myself and follow my desires.
  • Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics

    Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics

    IAEA-TECDOC-1520 Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics Proceedings of a technical meeting held in Karlsruhe, Germany, 28–31 October 2003 October 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1520 Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics Proceedings of a technical meeting held in Karlsruhe, Germany, 28–31 October 2003 October 2006 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Radiation and Transport Safety Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF HEAVY LIQUID METAL THERMAL HYDRAULICS IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1520 ISBN 92–0–111806–6 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria October 2006 FOREWORD Through the Nuclear Energy Department’s Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR), the IAEA provides a forum for exchange of information on national programmes, collaborative assessments, knowledge preservation, and cooperative research in areas agreed by the Member States with fast reactor and partitioning and transmutation development programmes (e.g. accelerator driven systems (ADS)). Trends in advanced fast reactor and ADS designs and technology development are periodically summarized in status reports, symposia, and seminar proceedings prepared by the IAEA to provide all interested IAEA Member States with balanced and objective information. The use of heavy liquid metals (HLM) is rapidly diffusing in different research and industrial fields. The detailed knowledge of the basic thermal hydraulics phenomena associated with their use is a necessary step for the development of the numerical codes to be used in the engineering design of HLM components.
  • Optofluidic Lasers and Their Bio-Sensing Applications

    Optofluidic Lasers and Their Bio-Sensing Applications

    Optofluidic Lasers and Their Bio-sensing Applications by Wonsuk Lee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Electrical Engineering) in The University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Xudong Fan, Co-chair Professor L. Jay Guo, Co-chair Professor David T. Burke Associate Professor Pei-Cheng Ku © Wonsuk Lee 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I. Introduction ........................................................................................................1 1.1. Optofluidic laser ....................................................................................1 1.2. Optofluidic ring resonator .....................................................................3 1.3. DNA detection ......................................................................................5 1.4. Organization ..........................................................................................6 II. Tunable Single Mode Lasing from an On-chip Optofluidic Ring Resonator Laser ..............................................................................................7 2.1. Motivation .............................................................................................7