DOCSLIB.ORG

A THESIS Entitled DISPERSION of NICKEL AND

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A THESIS entitled DISPERSION OF NICKEL AND MOLYBDENUM FROM MINERALISATION IN GLACIATED TERRAIN; S. NORWAY Submitted for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON by RAYMOND BRIAN BAND Royal School of Mines, Imperial College. August, 1969 ABSTRACT A reconnaissance survey conducted over an area of southern Norway containing Ni-Cu and No-Cu mineralis- ation revealed that the metal content of stream sediment samples collected at a density of 1 per 5 sq. miles adequately outlines known areas of mafic bedrock and zones of weak Mo mineralisation. Studies of bedrock geochemistry indicate the Iveland-Evje amphibolite complex to be a composite body resulting from several phases of basic igneous activity. Subeconomic Ni-Cu mineralisation at MgClland is shown to be genetically associated with the youngest, noritic phase. The distribution of Ni and. Cu in soils and peat bogs at N/11prid is described and particular attention paid to the mode of occurrence of anomalous Ni in soils. Soil Ni anomalies are of complex origin and result from both glacial and saline dispersion. The stream sediment Ni anomaly at MfAland is of restricted length and is due principally to the erosion of anomalous soils. Spurious Ni anomalies, occuring in association with high Mn values and resulting from secondary enhancement, complicate the interpretation of stream sediment data. The effect of climatic fluctuations on the Ni content of stream sediments is studied and is shown to be nonsignificant. The distribution of Mo and Cu in bedrock, soil, peat bogs and drainage sediments in the vicinity of Mo-Cu mineralisation at Flottorp is described. Mo anomalies in the soil principally reflect syngenetic dispersion patterns in the parent till, but saline dis- persion is important in the formation of soil Cu anomalies. Anomalous Mo contents persist in the stream sediment 18,000 ft. downstream from mineralisation. Under favourable circumstances anomalous dispersion trains are unaffected by small lakes in the drainage system. Procedures are recommended for use in exploration for Ni and Mo mineralisation in glaciated areas similar to southern Norway. ii CONTENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES xii INTRODUCTION 1 Previous Work 3 Acknowledgements 6 CHAPTER I. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 7 1. SAMPLING 7 (a Stream sediments 7 (b Soil 7 (c Bog 8 Rock 8 Lake sediments 8 f) Water 9 2. SAMPLE PREPARATION 9 Stream sediments, soils and bogs 9 Rocks 9 Na Mineral separation 10 d) Size analysis 11 3. MEASUREMENT OF pH AND Eh 12 (a Surface waters 13 Groundwaters 13 c Soil and bog 13 4, SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 14 5. ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS 16 (a) Sample attack 16 (i) Hydrofluoric-perchloric acid 16 (ii)Nitric-perchloric acid 17 (b) Determination of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn 20 (i) Procedure 20 (ii)Precision and accuracy 21 iii Determination of Cr 23 Determination of Ca and Sr 26 e) Comparison of spectrographic 27 and atomic absorption data 6. COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF Mo 27 7. Mo IN WATER 29 8, MERCURY ANALYSIS, 30 9. X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS 30 CHAPTER II, THE REGIONAL SURVEY 31 1, INTRODUCTION 31 2. DESCRIPTION OF AREA 32 (a) Geology 32 b Mineralisation 33 c Pleistocene geology 36 d Topography 37 (e Climate, soils and vegetation 38 3, REGIONAL SURVEY RESULTS 39 (a) Presentation of data 39 (b) Results Mo 42 Ni 45 Cr 46 Co 47 Cu 47 Mn 48 Zn 49 Fe 49 4. DISCUSSION 50 (a) Geochemical patterns related to 50 bedrock geology (b) Geochemical patterns related to 52 mineralisation (i) Mo 52 (ii) Ni 53 (iii)Cu 54 (c) Geochemical patterns related to 55 glacial dispersion (d) Geochemical patterns related to 57 secondary environment 5, CONCLUSIONS 61 iv Page THE NICKEL ORIENTATION SURVEY 64 CHAPTER III. BEDROCK INVESTIGATIONS 65 1, INTRODUCTION 65 2. GEOLOGY AND MINERALISATION OF THE 66 IVELAND-EVJE AREA (a) Geology 66 ) Amphibolite 66 ii) Massive gabbroic rocks 67 iii)Diorite 68 (b) Ni mineralisation 68 Flat mine 69 ii) M/lland prospect 70 riii) Other prospects 70 (c) Geology of the MgSlland prospect 71 Norite 71 ii) Amphibolite 72 iii)Metagabbro 72 3. RESULTS 74 4. THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORE AND 74 ASSOCIATED METALS AT MOLLAND 5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROCK UNITS AT 78 MOLLAND (a Whole rock data 82 b Mineral separate data 83 Sr/Ca in plagioclase 88 d Evidence for differentiation 91 6, FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE MAGMATIC 95 ORIGIN OF THE SULPHIDES (a) Ni in magnetics 96 (b) Distribution coefficient for Ni 98 7c RECONNAISSANCE BEDROCK SAMPLING AS A 100 MINERAL EXPLORATION METHOD C, ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE IVELAND-EVJE 102 MINERALISATION 9, CONCLUSIONS 104 Page CHAPTER IV. OVERBURDEN INVESTIGATIONS 107 1. INTRODUCTION 107 2. SOIL RESULTS 108 Ni and Cu in B horizon 108 b) Distribution of Ni and Cu in 111 soil profiles ' (c) Mechanical analysis and the 114 distribution of metals between size fractions (d) Mineral analysis 118 (i) Size fractions 11 8 (ii)Soil and bedrock 122 (e) Adsorption experiments 126 3. Ni AND Cu IN PEAT 134 4. RECONNAISSANCE SOIL TRAVERSES AT 144 FLAT MINE 5. THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GLACIAL 146 AND SALINE DISPERSION 6. CONCLUSIONS 149 CHAPTER V. DRAINAGE SEDIMENT INVESTIGATIONS 15. 1. THE DETAILED DRAINAGE SURVEY 156 2 DISPERSION OF Ni IN THE MaLAND 160 DRAINAGE SYSTEM 3. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS AND THE DISTRIB- 162 UTION OF METALS BETWEEN SIZE FRACTIONS 4. REPEAT SAMPLING INVESTIGATION 169 5. SAMPLING ERROR AT ANOMALOUS LOCALITIES 179 Improved analytical technique 182 b) Replicate sampling 183 Analysing a finer size fraction 185 6. CONCLUSIONS 188 vi Page CHAPTER VI. THE FLOTTORP MOLYBDENUM 191 ORIENTATION SURVEY 1. BEDROCK INVESTIGATIONS 192 a) Introduction 192 N) Results 195 i) Background data 195 ii) Data for mineralised zones 196 iii)Effect of weathering on Mo 197 and Cu content of bedrock (c) Discussion - Origin of the 198 Flottorp mineralisation 2. OVERBURDEN INVESTIGATIONS 204 (a) Introduction 204 (b) Results 205 (i) Soil traverse data 205 (ii) Soil profile data 212 (iii)Mo in peat 215 (iv) Mo in surface waters 218 (c) Discussion - The formation of soil 219 and peat anomalies 3. DRAINAGE SEDIMENT INVESTIGATIONS 225 (a) Mo in stream sediment 226 Mo in lake bottom sediments 228 ) Discussion - Dispersion of Mo 231 W through Lake Haland 4. CONCLUSIONS 236 CHAPTER VII. FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATIONS 243 1. Mo FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATIONS 243 a Vegusdal 244 b Killand 247 c Grovane 247 2. Ni FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATIONS 249 (a) Solberg reconnaissance 250 (b) Preliminary follow-up surveys 251 3. CONCLUSIONS 253 vii LaEt CHAPTER VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 255 FOR FUTURE RESEARCH APPENDIX I. REGIONAL SURVEY DATA 273 APPENDIX II. ANALYTICAL DATA FOR WHOLE ROOK 280 AND MINERAL SAMPLES FROM THE NICKEL ORIENTATION SURVEY LIST OF REFERENCES 288 viii LIST OF TABLES No, Title Page 1 Equivalent particle diameter (mm) for mesh 12 sizes used in mechanical analysis 2 Precision data for spectrographic determin- 16 ation of Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe203, based on 6 replicate analyses of control samples 7818, 7819 and 7820 3 Ni, Cu, Co, Fe and Mg determined after 19 nitric-perchloric attack on sized hypersthene and hornblende samples 4 Proportion of total metal (HF attack) 20 liberated from sized hypersthene and hornblende samples by nitric-perchloric acid digestion 5 Routine operating conditions used in atomic 22 absorption analysis for Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Mg and Zn 6 Calculated precisions at different Ni contents 23 based on 5 replicate analyses 7 Precision data for mineral samples based on 23 5 replicate nalyses 8 Absorbance counts obtained for 5 ug/ml Cr and 25 2% NH4C1 in presence of additives 9 Operating conditions for Cr analysis by 25 atomic absorption 10 Operating conditions for determination of 26 Ca and Sr 11 Analytical precisions for calorimetric deter- 28 mination of Mo, based on replicate analyses 12 Operating conditions for X-ray diffraction 30 analysis 13 Mean values for Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn and Fe 39 (as Fe203) 14 Average contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, 51 Zn and Fe (as Fe 0 ) in acid and basic igneous rocks (Data from2 Hawkes3 and Webb 1962) No. Title Page. 15 Enrichment of Fe, Mn, Co, Zn, Ni, Cu and Mo 60 in areas of secondary enhancement, estimated by comparing the maximum rolling mean contour with the average content of acid igneous rocks 16 (a) Geometric mean values for whole rock analyses 76 16 (b) Values of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic 76 for testing the significances of differences in element distributions between rock types 17 Main features of the bedrock anomalies at 78 M/Slland on Traverses I, II and III 18 (a) Geometric mean values for mineral separate 85 data 18 (b) Values of Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for 86 the distribution of metals between minerals 19 Mean Ni contents, KNi values, Mg contents, 102 Ni/Mg ratios and K(Ni/Mg) values for rock types from the Iveland-Evje complex 20 Main features of the B horizon anomalies on 111 Traverses I, III and IV, MX1land 21 Variation in Ni and Cu content with depth 112 in background soil profiles 22 Variation in Ni and Cu content with depth in anomalous soil profiles 23 Distribution of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe and Mn in 116 the constituent size fractions of anomalous and background soils 24 X-ray data for minerals separated from rock 710 samples from the MySlland area 25 Identification of vermiculite and chlorite 121 in size fraction samples (following the method of Dumbleton and West, 1966) 26 Comparison of mean Ni and Cu contents in 125 background B horizon soils and bedrock 27 pH and Eh data for background peat profiles, 135 Traverse III 28 Variation in Ni and Cu content for anomalous 136 peat profiles 29 Variation in Ni and Cu content for 137 background peat profiles x No.
Recommended publications
  • Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses

    Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses

    Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH FROM THE 1840s TO 1887 by Bjorgvin Martin Hjelvik Snorrason Adviser: Jerry Moon ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH FROM THE 1840s TO 1887 Name of researcher: Bjorgvin Martin Hjelvik Snorrason Name and degree of faculty adviser: Jerry Moon, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2010 This dissertation reconstructs chronologically the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Norway from the Haugian Pietist revival in the early 1800s to the establishment of the first Seventh-day Adventist Conference in Norway in 1887. The present study has been based as far as possible on primary sources such as protocols, letters, legal documents, and articles in journals, magazines, and newspapers from the nineteenth century. A contextual-comparative approach was employed to evaluate the objectivity of a given source. Secondary sources have also been consulted for interpretation and as corroborating evidence, especially when no primary sources were available. The study concludes that the Pietist revival ignited by the Norwegian Lutheran lay preacher, Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771-1824), represented the culmination of the sixteenth- century Reformation in Norway, and the forerunner of the Adventist movement in that country.
  • The Origin, Development, and History of the Norwegian Seventh-Day Adventist Church from the 1840S to 1889" (2010)

    The Origin, Development, and History of the Norwegian Seventh-Day Adventist Church from the 1840S to 1889" (2010)

    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2010 The Origin, Development, and History of the Norwegian Seventh- day Adventist Church from the 1840s to 1889 Bjorgvin Martin Hjelvik Snorrason Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Snorrason, Bjorgvin Martin Hjelvik, "The Origin, Development, and History of the Norwegian Seventh-day Adventist Church from the 1840s to 1889" (2010). Dissertations. 144. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/144 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH FROM THE 1840s TO 1887 by Bjorgvin Martin Hjelvik Snorrason Adviser: Jerry Moon ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH FROM THE 1840s TO 1887 Name of researcher: Bjorgvin Martin Hjelvik Snorrason Name and degree of faculty adviser: Jerry Moon, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2010 This dissertation reconstructs chronologically the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Norway from the Haugian Pietist revival in the early 1800s to the establishment of the first Seventh-day Adventist Conference in Norway in 1887.
  • Områdeplan Med KU Grovane I Vennesla Og Iveland Kommuner

    Områdeplan Med KU Grovane I Vennesla Og Iveland Kommuner

    PLANINITIATIV Områdeplan med KU Grovane i Vennesla og Iveland kommuner Kilde: www.googlemaps.no Kunde: Otra Holding AS Prosjekt: «Grovane» næringspark - reguleringsplan Prosjektnummer: 10220770 Rev.: 0 Dato: 5/11-2020 Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Innledning ...................................................................................................................... 3 2 Formålet med planen ..................................................................................................... 3 3 Planområdet og virkninger utenfor planområdet ............................................................ 3 3.1 Forslag til plangrense ......................................................................................................................... 3 4 Planlagt bebyggelse, anlegg og andre tiltak .................................................................. 4 4.1 Utbyggingsvolum og byggehøyder .................................................................................................... 4 4.2 Funksjonell og miljømessig kvalitet .................................................................................................... 4 5 Tiltakets virkning på, og tilpasning til omgivelser ........................................................... 4 6 Forholdet til andre planer ............................................................................................... 6 7 Medvirkningsprosesser / interessekonflikter .................................................................. 7 8 Temaer som skal avklares i planbeskrivelsen
  • Rebuilding Efforts to Take Years News Officials Estimate All Schools in Oslo Were Evacu- Ated Oct

    Rebuilding Efforts to Take Years News Officials Estimate All Schools in Oslo Were Evacu- Ated Oct

    (Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY News In Your Neighborhood A Midwest Celebrating 25 welcome Se opp for dem som bare vil years of Leif leve sitt liv i fred. to the U.S. De skyr intet middel. Erikson Hall Read more on page 3 – Claes Andersson Read more on page 13 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 122 No. 38 October 21, 2011 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $1.50 per copy Norway.com News Find more at www.norway.com Rebuilding efforts to take years News Officials estimate All schools in Oslo were evacu- ated Oct. 12 closed due to it could take five danger of explosion in school years and NOK 6 fire extinguishers. “There has been a manufacturing defect billion to rebuild discovered in a series of fire extinguishers used in schools government in Oslo. As far as I know there buildings have not been any accidents be- cause of this,” says Ron Skaug at the Fire and Rescue Service KELSEY LARSON in Oslo. Schools in Oslo were Copy Editor either closed or had revised schedules the following day. (blog.norway.com/category/ Government officials estimate news) that it may take five years and cost NOK 6 billion (approximately Culture USD 1 billion) to rebuild the gov- American rapper Snoop Dogg ernment buildings destroyed in the was held at the Norwegian bor- aftermath of the July 22 terrorist der for having “too much cash.” attacks in Oslo. He was headed to an autograph Rigmor Aasrud, a member of signing at an Adidas store on the Labor Party and Minister of Oct.
  • Kartlegging Av Margborerangrep Etter Skogbrannen I Mykland I 2008

    Kartlegging Av Margborerangrep Etter Skogbrannen I Mykland I 2008

    Forord Forord Denne masteroppgaven er skrevet på INA (Institutt for naturforvaltning) på UMB (Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap), og omhandler forekomsten av margborer etter en skogbrann. Arbeidet med masteroppgaven har vært en interessant og lærerik prosess, og markerer slutten for mitt toårige masterstudie i skogfag. Bakgrunn for valg av oppgaven er at jeg ønsket å kombinere en oppgave med både natur- og skogforvaltning siden jeg har en bachelorgrad i naturforvaltning og snart mastergrad i skogforvaltning. Da Per Holm Nygaard var gjesteforeleser i faget Skogøkologi fortalte han at Skog og landskap hadde aktuelle masteroppgaver med skogbrann som tema, noe jeg syntes hørtes interessant ut. Jeg hadde også et ønske om å skrive om noe det ikke var forsket så mye på fra før, og det ble mulig ved å velge en slik oppgave. Jeg ønsker først og fremst å rette en stor takk til mine veiledere Per Holm Nygaard og Paal Krokene på Skog og landskap for hjelp til feltarbeid, hjelp til å finne aktuell litteratur, veiledning og rådføring samt korrekturlesing. Videre vil jeg takke forsker Bo Långström ved Sveriges Landbruksuniversitet for hjelp med å finne aktuell litteratur. Takk også til min venn og stipendiat Roar Økseter for hjelp og veiledning i bruken av GIS. En takk rettes også til min venn og klassekamerat Øyvind Hatleli for hjelp til engelsk oversetting og veiledning i bruken av EndNote. Skog og landskap ønsker jeg å takke for utlån av aktuell litteratur og økonomisk hjelp til feltarbeidet og trykking av oppgaven. Til slutt ønsker jeg å takke min kjære samboer Trude Iren Saure for hjelp til feltarbeid, korrekturlesing og generell støtte.
  • Vennesla Kommune Seksjon for Samfunnsutvikling/ Enhet for Kultur

    Vennesla Kommune Seksjon for Samfunnsutvikling/ Enhet for Kultur

    Vennesla kommune Seksjon for samfunnsutvikling/ Enhet for kultur Temaplan for kulturminner og kulturmiljøer Vedtatt i kommunestyret: 20.04.2017 Forord Kulturminneplanen er utarbeidet i samarbeid med Vest-Agder fylkeskommune, og er støttet med økonomiske midler fra Riksantikvaren. Den er ikke utarbeidet som en kommunedelplan, men som en temaplan. Planen er ufullstendig, og vil være gjenstand for fortløpende oppdatering og revidering. Kommunen ønsker innspill på planen fortløpende. Innspill kan sendes til kommunens postmottak (epost: [email protected] og merkes «kulturminneplan»). Kulturminneplan vedtatt 20.04.2017 1 Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Bakgrunn for planen ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Innledning ................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Litt om kommunens historie ................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Mål med planen ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Planens oppbygging ................................................................................................................................. 5 2 Typer av kulturminner ........................................................................................................................................
  • Folketeljinga 1801. Ny Bearbeiding

    Folketeljinga 1801. Ny Bearbeiding

    OGES OISIEE SAISIKK 13 OKEEIGA 11 Y EAEIIG OUAIO CESUS 11 SAISISK SEAYÅ CEA UEAU O SAISICS O OWAY OSO 19 IS -337-119- FØREORD Denne publikasjonen gir opplysningar om befolkninga i Noreg i 1801 slik dei er komne fram etter ei ny bearbeiding av teljingsmaterialet frå det aret. Publikasjonen ligg fOre kort tid etter at Statis- tisk Sentralbyrå i særskilt hefte har prenta gamle tabellmanuskript frå Folketeljinga 1769 som tidlegare for ein stor del ikkje har vore publiserte. Folketeljinga 1801 er den første nominative teljinga her i landet, dvs. ei teljing med oppgåver for kvar einskild namngjeven person. Teljingane før og også etter 1801, fram til 1865, skilde seg ut på denmZten at dei lokalt teljingsansvarlege berre laga samandrag for grupper av personar. Tanken om ei ny bearbeiding av det verdfulle grunnmaterialet frå 1801 vart drOfta i Byrået tidleg på 1950-talet. Av ulike grunnar vart det ikkje gjort noko meir med saka den gongen. I 1968 gjorde professor Knut Mykland på vegner av historikarar ved universiteta i Bergen og Oslo og Norges lærerhOgskoie i Trondheim opptak til eit mete med Byrået om same sak. Det var full semje om at ei ny bearbeiding av dette maeiae ettermoderne statistiske isi ie kunne gi langt betre innsyn i strukturen i den norske befolkninga på 17- og 18-hundretalet enn dei kunnskapane ein tidlegare hadde fått ut av teljinga. Det gjaldt til dømes fordelinga etter alder og ekteskapeleg status, etter leveveg og samansetjing i husstandar. Moderne teknisk utstyr ville og gjere det mogleg med fleire kryssgrupperingar av materialet. Ved ny bearbeiding kunne ein i tillegg betre enn fOr stette krava til statistisk kunnskap om små geografiske einingar.
  • Why Did Japan Choose the 3'6" Narrow Gauge? Akira Saito

    Why Did Japan Choose the 3'6" Narrow Gauge? Akira Saito

    Feature Origin of 3'6" Gauge Why Did Japan Choose the 3'6" Narrow Gauge? Akira Saito ‘The reason why narrow gauge (1067 mm) locomotives were made stronger by Crimean War, becoming the first was adopted for early Japanese railways making them bigger, explaining why the managing engineer of Norway’s Railway is unclear.’ This is the first sentence of 7' broad gauge once offered advantages Construction Bureau. Chapter 6 in A History of Japanese over Robert Stephenson & Company’s 4'8" Norway only became fully independent Railways, 1872–1999 written by four standard gauge. Until the mid-1850s, a from Sweden at the beginning of the 20th well-known specialists in Japanese railway builder could only choose century and was nominally under railways and published in English by between standard gauge and broad gauge, Sweden’s control when Stephenson and EJRCF. (Some Japanese readers might explaining why standard gauge was called Pihl brought the first rail technology to hope for a Japanese version too.) narrow gauge in those days! the country. Clearly, the cheaper narrow I was invited to the publishing party on Gradually, standard gauge spread gauge would have offered advantages to the book’s completion and while glancing throughout Britain and into other parts the builders partly because of Norway’s through my copy I came across the above of Europe but when the builders began difficult topography with many sentence. Surely, I thought, more can be to look towards exports to less-developed mountains, lakes and fjords and partly said on the subject than just that.

  • Naturlos 2014

    Fulldistribusjon naturl s TURKALENDER 2014 Lærerike natur- og kulturvandringer i Vest-Agder og Aust-Agder DNT Sør Friluftsrådet Lister Skogselskapet Midt-Agder for Lindesnes Friluftsråd i Agder Friluftsråd regionen ÅRET GJENNOM LÆRERIKE TURER MED NATURLOS TURER MED TURISTFORENINGER Tirsdagsturene med DNT Sør - tur på dagtid NATURLOS PÅ TUREN Turer for alle aldre og form hver tirsdag hele året, Turene er organiserte vandringer i naturen under unntatt juli. ledelse av en naturlos/guide. Naturlosen vil formidle Område: Kristiansand om ulike temaer underveis og skal sørge for at Møtested: Fontenen på Torvet (ved Domkirka) deltakerne ferdes trygt og finner frem på turen. Tid: 11.00 Tlf: 38 12 07 50 For mer informasjon se turprogram www.dntsor.no Naturlosturene er for alle og de fleste er gratis. Kom gjerne innom i vårt tursenter i Kirkegata 15. Noen turer har tilbud om transport og annet for en rimelig kostnad. Enkelte turer krever også påmelding. INFORMASJON Trenger du å vite mer om turen kan du kontakte den enkelte arrangør. Mange av turene blir også annonsert i avisen - se etter naturloslogoen. Denne brosjyren finner du også på nettsiden www.naturlos.no Turer med spesielle tilrettelegginger er merket med følgende ikoner: BARN FAMILIE Onsdagsturene med DNT Sør - senior II Et tilbud for dere som vil gå litt roligere og kortere, hver onsdag store deler av året unntatt juli. Område: Kristiansand VOKSNE UNGDOM Møtested: Varierer, se turprogram www.dntsor.no Tid: 10.30 Tlf: 38 12 07 50 Kom gjerne innom i vårt tursenter i Kirkegata 15. RULLESTOL SYKKEL Torsdagsturene med DNT Sør - senior I Turer i Kristiansandsområdet for spreke seniorer hver SKI FISKE torsdag hele året, unntatt juli.
  • I Aust-Agder Forprosjekt Til Historieverk for Aust-Agder Idrettskrets 2019

    I Aust-Agder Forprosjekt Til Historieverk for Aust-Agder Idrettskrets 2019

    UNIK IDRETTSHISTORIE I AUST-AGDER FORPROSJEKT TIL HISTORIEVERK FOR AUST-AGDER IDRETTSKRETS 2019 Av Hanne Line Hvalby Oslo, november 2014 INNHOLD BAKGRUNN .....................................................................................................................................4 Om Aust-Agder Idrettskrets ...........................................................................................................4 Mål med historieverket ......................................................................................................................4 Utdyping av mål ............................................................................................................................ 5 Målgrupper ...................................................................................................................................... 5 TIDLIGERE LITTERATUR ....................................................................................................... 5 SKISSE TIL INNHOLD...............................................................................................................6 Innledningen ...................................................................................................................................6 ”Førhistorisk tid” ...........................................................................................................................6 Aust-Agder som foregangsfylke: Pionertiden fra 1850-tallet til 1919 ....................... 8 Politisering av idretten: Konflikt, krig og sammenslåing 1919-1945
  • Kommuneplanens Arealdel Merknadsbehandling Til Høringsuttalelser

    Kommuneplanens Arealdel Merknadsbehandling Til Høringsuttalelser

    KOMMUNEPLAN FOR VENNESLA 2018-2030 Kommuneplanens arealdel Merknadsbehandling til høringsuttalelser Vedtak i plan- og økonomiutvalget om offentlig høring 13.03.2018 Høringsperiode 16.03.2018 - 04.05.2018 Ny begrenset høring 25.01.2019 - 09.03.2019 Vedtatt i kommunestyret 25.04.2019, sak: 23/19 INNHOLD MERKNADSBEHANDLING, VEDLEGGSHEFTE AREALDELEN 1 Innledning.............................................................................................................. 3 2 Innkomne uttalelser til høringsforslaget (1. høring) ................................................. 3 2.1 Statens vegvesen ............................................................................................. 4 2.2 Fylkesmannen i Aust- og Vest-Agder ................................................................ 5 2.3 Vest-Agder fylkeskommune .............................................................................. 9 2.4 Vest-Agder fylkeskommune, fylkeskonservatoren ............................................ 12 2.5 Bane nor ......................................................................................................... 13 2.6 Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat (NVE) .................................................. 14 2.7 Direktoratet for mineralforvaltning med Bergmesteren for Svalbard (DMF) ....... 15 2.8 Statnett ........................................................................................................... 15 2.9 Kristiansand kommune .................................................................................... 16 2.10
  • Administrative and Statistical Areas English Version – SOSI Standard 4.0

    Administrative and Statistical Areas English Version – SOSI Standard 4.0

    Administrative and statistical areas English version – SOSI standard 4.0 Administrative and statistical areas Norwegian Mapping Authority [email protected] Norwegian Mapping Authority June 2009 Page 1 of 191 Administrative and statistical areas English version – SOSI standard 4.0 1 Applications schema ......................................................................................................................7 1.1 Administrative units subclassification ....................................................................................7 1.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1 CityDistrict ................................................................................................................ 14 1.1.2 CityDistrictBoundary ................................................................................................ 14 1.1.3 SubArea ................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.4 BasicDistrictUnit ....................................................................................................... 15 1.1.5 SchoolDistrict ........................................................................................................... 16 1.1.6 <<DataType>> SchoolDistrictId ............................................................................... 17 1.1.7 SchoolDistrictBoundary ...........................................................................................