c^^‘£lt^0^agic^^;l gurbeg of Inbm. EEPORT OF A TOUR m EASTERN RAJPUTANA ' • IN 1871-72 AND 1872-7 3. jcOMPlIME^TARri BY A. C. L. CAELLEYLE, ABSISTAKT, AECHHOMSICAI. SUKVEr, S. BNDEE THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF MAJOE-aENEEAL A. GUEEIEGHAAI, O.S.I.', C.I.E., PIEECTOE-GENEEAI> AEOH^OLOGIOAE BUEVEl’, VOLUME VI. •‘What is aimed at is an aocnrate description, illustrated by plans, measurements, drawines or photographs, and by copies of insorlptiona, of such remains as most deserve notice, with the history of them so far as it may be trace- able, and a record of the traditions that are preserved regarding them,"—Lonn CANirmo. "What the learned rvorid demand of ns in India is to be quite certain of onr dafa, to place tho mounmcntol record before them exactly as it now exists, and to interpret it faithfully and literally.'*—Jambs Pbiksep. Sengal AsCaiic Soeieig'i JaurnaJ, 1838, p. 227. CALCUTTA: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING. 1878. CONTENTS OE VOLUME VI. PAGE. 1. Mountain Eangea of Eajputana 1 2 Achnera 5 3. ]Ihera 13 4^Eupbas 16 5. Jagnei' ..... 24 Satmas v/ .... _33 Baiana V . • . 40 ' Santipur, or Tijayaraandargarh. 64 9. Sikandra .... 74 10. MacLMi, or SanckMd 77 Baiiat 91 12. Deosa ..... 104 13. Nain, or Nai .... 109 . 14 Cliatsu . ^ .... 116 . 15. Shivdungr .... 12l' 16. Thoda, or There 124 17. Bagliera or Yyaghra — — 136 18 Vigalpirs- < . 152 19. Dhaud, or Ghar 160 20. Nagar, or Karkota Nagara 162 21. ITagari, or Tambavati Nagari . 196 22. Mora ..... 227 23. Bijoli 234 PLATES. I. Map of Eastern Eajputana, II. Cairns at Khera and Satmas. III. ' Aboriginal Eort and Tomb at Tontpur. IV. Plan of Ekba Mandar Temple Baiana. V. Pillars in Temple of Ukba Mandar, VI. Inscription on Pillar of Temple. VII. Mintir of Muhammad Shah, Vijayamandargarh.' Vin. Inscribed Pillar at Vijayamandargarh, s. 428. IX. Plan of ancient Temple at Machari. X. Pillars of Temple. XI. Ahoriginal Tomb, and Inscription jit Maclmid. XII. Monoliths and Stone Circles near Dcosa, XIII. Pillars at Chatsu, Baghera and Thoda. XIV. Plan of Great Temple at Thoda. XV. Plan and Section of Lesser Temple at Thoda, XVI. Ancient Pillars at Baghera. XVII. Cave Temple of Gokarna Visalpur. XVni. Plan of Visala Deva’s Temple, Visalpur. XIX. Section of ditto ditto. XX. Pillar in ditto ditto. XXI. Inscription in ditto ditto. XXII. Map of Xagar. XXin. Plans of Temples at Kagar. XXIV. Mound at Tamhavati Nagari, PREFACE. In tlie cold season oi 18*7142 Mr. CarHeyle started irom Agra to make a tour in Eajpntana. He first visited several old sites in the i'atelipur Sikii range of MUs to tke west of Agra, wliere ke discovered stone cairns and otker early remaias at Kkera, and Satmas and a cmdons aboriginal fort and tomb at Tontpur. He nest visited Baiana and tbe neighbour- ing MU fort of Vijayamandargarh, where he fonnd an inscribed pillar dated in the Samvat year 428. This mscrixJtion, wMch is quite j)erfect, is of special value, as we have Mtherto found but very few dated records of so early a period. Here also he discovered a curious minar of the time of Muhammad Sayid of HeUii. He then proceeded to the ancient town of Mdchdri, where he discovered another aborigiual tomb and some dated inscriptions. Here also he found an ancient tem- ple of some interest. He nest proceeded to Bairht, where he was fortunate enough to discover a rock inscription of Asoka. It is imperfect ; but after some time I found that it was a third copy of the dated msorij)tion of Asoka, of wMch two nearly perfect texts had been found at Hdj)ndth and Sahasaram. At Heosa Mr. OarUeyle discovered several monoliths. He next visited the old Mina fort of Hai or Naiu, and the neighbomdng city of Ohatsu, at wMch place, as well as at B^ghera and Thoda, he discovered some cm’ious stone circles of the aborigmal inhabitants. At Thoda he made jplans and other drawings of two fine temples, and at Visaipm* he found a dated inscrij)tion of PritMd Raja in the temple of Visala Deva. He made drawings of tMs temple as well as of the cave temple of Gokama. — PEEPACE. Mr. Caiileyle remamed m camp during tlie whole of tlie hot weather and rains of 1872, when he was engaged in exploring all the ancient sites in the neighbourhood of Ohitor. One of these, which he discovered 12 miles to the north-east of Ohitor, is of special interest, as it is undoubt- edly one of the oldest cities in Northern India. It is now called Karkot Ndgar, or simply Ndgar. Here he obtained some coins "with an inscription in Asoka characters, which I read as MajMmikdya-Sibi-jcincix^cidcisa. “ [Coin] of the Majhimikhyas of the country of Sibi.” Accepting this reading as correct, the city of Nhgar may be looked upon as the old capital of the district of Sibi. After visiting several minor places, Mr. Carlleyle reached, another old city called Tambavati N^gari, or simply Nd.gari. It lies 30 miles nearly due north from Btindi, and 12 miles to the west of TJnidra. In tke maps it is named simply Nagger. At this place Mr. Carlleyle obtained upwards of five thousand copper coins, nearly the whole of which bear the name of Mdlavdn, which I take to refer to the Mhlavdns of the Hindu- Par^ns. As this name occm’s in characters of aU ages from of the time Asoka 250 B. 0. down to about %00 or 600 A. D., I conclude that the city must have flourished tteough the whole of this long period. Mr-. Car-lloyle vrsrted Brjoh. also where he made plans of the temples After ‘>«“^-™o^-plaoes he returned to rSTi'™'in 1873, havmg Agm early^ spent the m>eater nnvf seasons of 1871-72 and 1872 73 Ep m iutcryening hot season SL o^ tour through ^ prolonged Rainutdm Tr* plates, forms the subject of thepreZt ™l^“ A. CUNNINGHAM. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT. REPORT OF OPERATIONS OF THE ARCHJIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA FOR THE SEASONS 1871-72-73. THE MOHNTAIH EANGES OE ElJPtTANA. THE PATHAR, KARKOTA,- AND ARAVALLI RANGES. Before describing tlie antiquities of EajpAt&,na, it will be useful to say a few words regarding the mountains of Jay- pur and Mewar, and more particularly of that great range or chain of hills of wliicli the JPathar constitutes the south- ern continuation or extension, and in the very midst of the southern exj)ansion of wdiich Bijoli is situated in an elevated vaUey. Eor the position and nature of this great range are intimately connected not only with the geographical position of, and j)hysical characteristics which surround, Bijoli, but the position of this hHl range and of other neighboming chains of hill s which belong to the same mountain system is also intimately connected with the nature of the geogra- phical position and physical characteristics of numerous other ancient places or localities which I visited in E^j- putana. The Pathar range may be identified with the Parip^tiA mountains mentioned in the Vishnu J?urdna. y The great bill range, of which the Pathar forms only a ^^art, is one of the most continuous and unbroken, and also one of the longest, of hHl ranges or mountain systems in India.' In some places—as, for instance, for a long distance to the north of Bfindi—it forms an unbroken and impenetrable waU, without even a valley by which it can be crossed. In other places, as at Bundi and Indergarh, and near NTay^shahr and Eanthambhawar, tortuous valleys or passes run through the range. This range extends the whole way from Alain&l in the south, where it overhangs the plains of MMwa, to the junetion of the Ban^s Eiver with the Ohambal on the north, near Ehizrpfir and TJtgir. But the Eiver Banas merely runs • Sec the acconip.uij'ing map, Plate I. ; 2 AUCniEOLOGICAX REPORT. through a break in the range to its junction with the Ohanihal for this great range commences again and continues onwards still further northwards towards Mal&rna, Khushalgarh (or KosMgarh), and Karauli ; and the high hills near Hindaun and Dholphr are also simply detached continuations or spurs and offshoots of the same range. Tliis great range has there- fore a total extent of about 200 miles from south-west to north-east, and yet would it be believed that, in maps gene- rally, this great range is never laid down correctly ; and that hi some maps it is not even marked or laid down at aU, or if it is ever marked in a map, it is generally confounded or apparently mixed up with another and totally different range,—^namely, the Harkota range, which runs exactly parallel to it, hut at the distance of about 20 miles further west ? The great hill range, which may he called the Ban- thamhhawar, Indergarh, Bimdi, and Pathar chain, runs about straight from south-west to north-east. I travelled along nearly the whole extent of 'it, both southwards and northwards, and I also crossed the range twice over and at two diSerent pomts, so that I know it well. I may therefore say that I have seen and observed every part of this range throughout its whole extent. In travelling from the ancient mty of Niigar, near TJniy^ra, southwards, on my route towards Chitor, I found that the native people of the locality every- where called this hill range Aramia,^~t]iiLt is, the Ai*avalH range and I ; found that they applied tliis name in particular to tiiat pm-t of the range which lies between Narayanpffi' (south ol Mndi) Bhudi, and Indergarh or fromNardyanpte m the south to Indergarh in the north.