Het PPS-Contract Is Als Een Huwelijk, Je Weet Niet Wat Er in De Toekomst Zal Gebeuren Maar Je Probeert Het Te Voorzien’ (Tenne, 2015)

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Het PPS-Contract Is Als Een Huwelijk, Je Weet Niet Wat Er in De Toekomst Zal Gebeuren Maar Je Probeert Het Te Voorzien’ (Tenne, 2015) Scriptie 13 januari 2016 ‘Het PPS-contract is als een huwelijk, je weet niet wat er in de toekomst zal gebeuren maar je probeert het te voorzien’ (Tenne, 2015). Welke factoren verklaren het succes of falen van een PPS in een geopolitiek conflict? Begeleider: Natascha van der Zwan Tweede lezer: Joris van der Voet Student: Anne-li Steutel Studentennummer: S1577069 Onderwerp: Publiek-Private Samenwerking in een Geopolitiek Conflict Studie: Management van de Publieke Sector Plaats: Leiden Universiteit Campus Den Haag 1 Abstract Dit onderzoek heeft de succes- en faalfactoren van een publiek-private samenwerking in een geopolitiek conflict onderzocht. Een geopolitiek conflict heeft een negatief effect op een investeringsklimaat van een land (Araya et al., 2013). Om deze reden is het aannemelijk dat de succes- en faalfactoren van een PPS in een geopolitiek conflict anders in elkaar zitten dan een land zonder conflict. Voor dit onderzoek zijn twee case studies in de Israëlische watersector bestudeerd. Om de twee casussen te onderzoeken is gebruik gemaakt van een documentenanalyse en semigestructureerde interviews. In de casus is er gekeken naar welke dertien succes- en faalfactoren worden waargenomen en welke andere succes- en faalfactoren naar voren komen. Opmerkelijk is dat in de analyse alle succesfactoren worden waargenomen, terwijl de faalfactoren nauwelijks tot niet terugkeren. Deze bevinding kan verklaard worden door het feit dat de overheid de sector niet in een negatief daglicht wil zetten. Naast de deductieve factoren zijn er nog een aantal factoren die werden benadrukt in de interviews. Het gaat hierbij om de aspecten vertrouwen, professionaliteit, samenwerking, transparantie en het nemen van de tijd om de juiste analyses uit te voeren. De resultaten van deze studie tonen aan dat het conflict een negatief effect heeft op de risicoallocatie en de flexibiliteit die worden beschreven in het contract. Ondanks deze negatieve effecten van het conflict ontstaat er een positieve interactie tussen de succesfactoren risicoallocatie en het investeringsklimaat en de succesfactoren risicoallocatie en flexibiliteit. Dit positieve effect wordt gecreëerd doordat de Israëlische overheid zich bewust is van de negatieve effecten en realiseert dat zij door deze situatie bepaalde beschermmechanismen moeten faciliteren. Door de risico’s in het contract tot in detail te beschrijven zijn de betrokken organisaties op de hoogte van de verwachtingen en beschermmechanismen die worden geïmplementeerd op het moment dat een conflict het project hindert. Uit het voorgaande resultaat kan geconcludeerd worden dat investeerders als gevolg van deze zekerheid vertrouwen in de samenwerking met een partner boven de risico’s van een PPS in een geopolitiek conflict verkiezen. 2 Inhoudsopgave 1. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................5 1.1. Aanleiding onderzoek .........................................................................................................................5 1.2 Probleemstelling ..................................................................................................................................6 1.3 Wetenschappelijke en maatschappelijke relevantie ...........................................................................7 1.4 Opbouw scriptie ..................................................................................................................................7 2. Literatuurstudie .........................................................................................................................................9 2.1 Hoe wordt een geopolitiek conflict in de literatuur beschreven? ........................................................9 2.2 PPS definitie en gebruik ................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Typen PPS ........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.4 Een BOT-contract ............................................................................................................................ 12 3. Theoretische argumentatie ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Succesfactoren .................................................................................................................................. 16 3.2 Faalfactoren ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Succes-en-faalfactoren in verschillende situaties ............................................................................. 21 3.4 Koppeling theorie onderzoek ........................................................................................................... 22 3.5 Hypothesen ...................................................................................................................................... 24 4. Onderzoeksmethoden ............................................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Koppeling theorie onderzoek ........................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Casusselectie .................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 Dataverzameling ............................................................................................................................... 31 4.4 Data-analyse ..................................................................................................................................... 33 4.5 Validiteit en betrouwbaarheid van het onderzoek ............................................................................ 34 5. De Israëlische PPS-sector met een focus op de ontziltingsfaciliteiten Ashkelon en Hadera.................. 36 5.1 Inleiding PPS in Israël ...................................................................................................................... 36 5.1.2 Effecten van een Geopolitiek Conflict .......................................................................................... 37 5.2 BOT-procedure Israël ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 BOT-overeenkomst .......................................................................................................................... 42 5.3.1 BOT-contracten in Israël ........................................................................................................... 44 5.3.2 Risicoverdeling .......................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.3 Grensoverschrijdende risico beschreven in het contract ........................................................... 48 5.3.4 Force Majeure ............................................................................................................................ 50 5.4 Ontziltingsprojecten in Israël ........................................................................................................... 51 3 5.4.1 Ashkelon .................................................................................................................................... 52 5.4.2 Hadera ....................................................................................................................................... 54 5.4.3 Zijn de BOT projecten Ashkelon en Hadera succesvol? ........................................................... 56 5.5 Succes- en faalcriteria....................................................................................................................... 57 6. Analyse ............................................................................................................................................... 60 6.1 Conclusie analyse ............................................................................................................................. 66 6.2 Beperkingen van het onderzoek ....................................................................................................... 68 7. Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................ 70 Bijlage 1 Interviewscript ........................................................................................................................ 85 Bijlage 2 Interviewscript Sagi Ben Simon ............................................................................................. 88 Bijlage 3 Interviewscript Boaz Lessem .................................................................................................. 91 Bijlage 4 Interviewscript Frederic Lokiec .............................................................................................. 96 Bijlage 5 Interviewscript Rani Mairovitch ........................................................................................... 100 Bijlage 6 Interviewscript Ayelet Simon-Vakslar .................................................................................. 107 Bijlage 7 Interviewscript Abraham Tenne...........................................................................................
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