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THE CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY of COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Eottton: FETTER LANE, E.G

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THE CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY of COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Eottton: FETTER LANE, E.G The Leonard Library W?tiittt College Toronto cfl> Shelf No. &J. Register No. 19 IDEAL BO OK STO THE CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY OF COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Eottton: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER >u too, PRINCES STREET Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. ILetpjig: F. A. BROCKHAUS $eta iork: G. P. PUTNAM S SONS tfombag anD Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. All Rights reserved THE CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY OF COSMAS INDICOPLEUSTES EDITED WITH GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES BY E. O. WINSTEDT, LATE SENIOR DEMY OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD Cambridge : at the University Press 1909 tenbrtoge: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THF UNIVERSITY PRESS. PREFACE book is the partial result of a journey to Italy in THISthe spring of 1904, and another to Mt. Sinai and again to Italy in 1905. Of both journeys the costs were defrayed by grants liberally made me by the Craven Committee, to whom I owe my sincerest thanks. My gratitude is no less due to the President and Fellows of Magdalen College, who by electing me to a Senior Demyship gave me the opportunity of spending on this and other research work time which must otherwise have been devoted to the weariness and vexation of earning a liveli hood. For the suggestion of this particular author I hardly know whether I am most indebted to Prof. Heiberg of Copenhagen, from whom the suggestion originally came, or to Monsieur Seymour de Ricci, who passed it on to me, and whose friendship enlivened days spent in collating a text, which even the most ardent admirers of Cosmas if there are any such must admit is not exhilarating as a whole. Since the main interest of the work is geographical, the Syndics of the Cambridge Press desired me to add notes on the and I undertook and carried out that geographical portions ; task to the best of my ability, though I could not help feeling some natural diffidence, since geography is a subject with which I am little familiar, and since in Cosmas case there are special difficulties. The famous Adulitic Inscription, for instance, demands an intimate knowledge of the geography of Abyssinia and Ethiopia in the third or fourth century of our era : and those who have claimed such knowledge and treated of the subject, differ so greatly in their conclusions, and in some cases spend so much time and energy in throwing stones at one another, that, after wading through a sea of their pamphlets, I ended much where I began with no personal views on the vi PREFACE geography of those countries at such an obscure epoch. I have therefore generally contented myself with endeavouring to summarize such views as appear worthy of mention without attempting to decide between them. For these and any other notes that I have given I am under great indebtedness to McCrindle s annotated translation in the Hakluyt Society s publications and to Mr Beazley s section on Cosmas in his Dawn of Modern Geography, the fullest and most illuminating sketch of Cosmas work which has yet appeared. Those who have seen or heard of the MSS. may perhaps wonder why the magnificent illuminations with which all of them are furnished, are not reproduced. The chief reason is that of the illuminations of the oldest MS., which are far the best, Monsignor Stornaiolo was already preparing a facsimile edition, which has now appeared : and, though it might have been interesting to some few readers if the illuminations of the Laurentian or Sinaitic MSS. had been given in full for comparison with the Vatican volume, it would have increased the cost of publication materially, and besides, to be properly treated, would have required a greater knowledge of Byzantine art than I can claim. With the concurrence of the Press, I therefore thought it better to limit the illustrations to such few plans and pictures as seemed for the of the text necessary comprehension ; and even those had to be further reduced to such as were likely to look more than a smudge when reproduced. Hence a few of the interesting pictures of animals described in the eleventh book had to be omitted. For the selected plates which appear in the volume I am indebted partly to the kindness of Prof. Biagi of the Laurentian library, and partly to the courtesy of Mr Beazley and the Clarendon Press, who have allowed me to reproduce the plates given in the Dawn of Modern Geography. My thanks are also due to Dr M. R. James for sending me what looks like a reference to Cosmas in two Cambridge MSS., and to Mgr. Stornaiolo for examining one or two doubtful points in the Vatican MS. for me. E. O. W. November 1909. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE . v ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA ix INTRODUCTION i LIST OF MSS. AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM . .15 LIST OF SIGNS 34 LIST OF CONTENTS OF THE BOOKS AS GIVEN IN THE MSS .35 TEXT ... ... 37 NOTES .......... 333 INDEX OF BIBLICAL . QUOTATIONS t .359 INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES 363 INDEX OF . GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES , .367 GENERAL INDEX . 370 PLATES I XIV . at end of book ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA References to and quotations from Cosmas are so rare even in Greek is to him as a voice in the wilderness MSS. that one disposed regard crying ; and certainly one would not look to find any traces of him in the western world. But Dr M. R. James has very kindly pointed out to me a passage occurring in two MSS. of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, both of English origin, which may almost certainly be reckoned as a reference to the Christian Topography. The two MSS. are nos. 183 and 320, and are probably of the tenth and eleventh centuries respectively, though Stubbs dated the latter of them as early as the eighth century. And the passage in question, which is V 1 on fols. 68 to 6g of MS. 183, reads as follows: Christianus historicus dicit longitudinem mundi esse XII milium, latitude vi miliorum. Longitudo templi ix cubitos in longitudine et xxx cubitos in latitudine et xxx cubitos in altitudine. Tabernaculum habens longitudinis cubitorum XXX, latitudinis x, altitudinis aeque x. De area noe CCC cubit in longit, in lat L cubitorum, in altit XXX cubitorum. As Dr James remarks, the dimensions of the world here given correspond exactly with those of Cosmas, and the name Christi anus Historicus is not inappropriate. He has also pointed out to me a passage in a letter of Koaena, archbishop of York (767 to 781 A.D.), to Lullus of Mainz which he thinks may perhaps throw light on the composition of the MSS. The passage may be found in Jaffa s Monumenta Moguntina, p. 291, and runs : Illud vero, quod de libris inquisisti, marinis aestibus terrain advectantibus, omnino incognitum nisi quia falsum est. Ceterum libros necdum nobis ad manum venerunt nee alia nos cosmografiorum, ; apud exemplaria nisi picturis et litteris permolesta. lam sepius mihimet perscribere illorum tuis destinavi, sed non potui scriptores adquirere ; forte, adiutus subplicationibus. The difficulty of finding copyists may perhaps point to Greek as the language of the cosmographers referred to : but in any case the presence of a copy of Cosmas, or of extracts from his work, in the west seems sufficiently attested by the passage just quoted. I append a regrettably long list of corrigenda, including some corrections of misprints and some alterations of the text, the latter mainly derived from a recollation of the portions of which photographs appear in Mgr. C. Stornaiolo s recently published work Le Miniature delta Topografia Cristiana di Cosma Indicopletiste (Milano, 1908). ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA * 8, 1. 26 read been, still. 11, 11. 5 and 31 read Erythraei. 40, 1. 34 after om. S add ov V. 62, 1. 3 read rbv Noroi/ with V. 1 62, 1. 6 read TOVTM altering the footnote to TOVTO V . 62, 1. 31 read CDS KCII with V. 74, 1. 1 5 read roi avopa with V. 82, 1. 2 delete the comma. 128, . 2O read devrepos ecrrivj TOVT<TTIV with V. 2 V has H3> 3 dnjKvovfjLfvot rightly. 144, . 24 V omits dfj.r)v. 149, . 28 read TVTTW with VS. 162, . 13 read Ato-Trorov rjfjL&v Xpio-rov with V. 164, . 24 V reads yevop,fvr]s. the should end at and the 164, 32 heading Koo-p,o<p6pos paragraph begin with roCro. 171, .30 delete 6. 2 171, .36 for V read V (man. rec.). 185, . 1 8 V omits TOV alwvos. 186, . 14 read app.6(ov for cipp,oov. 187, . 3 read dvdpwrrivov with V. 187, . 20 read OVTOS Mi^cu as with V. 1 88, .17 read ev rw ovpavw with V. 189, . 17 V omits ourcoy. 20 omit with V. 189, T) 191, . 12 read Ovo-ias with V. 191, 1. 25 V omits 6 0os. 195, 1. 19 read irpbs rbv fTfpov deleting the footnote. 208, 11. 19, 20 read eVt TOV 6ebv Xonrbv deleting the footnote. 209, 1. 26 read dva7r\r)p(Do-iv. 210, 1. 1 8 omit TMV ddavaTcov with V. 224, 1. 37 read Gen. i. 26 and add the same reference to 223, 1. 25. 227j 1. 3 ^r ICTTWV read io-rcav. 271, 1. 22 Km KfKoAATjreu is omitted by V. INTRODUCTION " What scholar has not laughed at the idea of Kosmas, the Alexandrian, that the sun retired behind a mountain to spend the night ? And that the earth, the ocean and the fabulous mountain were all included and enclosed in a luminous oblong box of the exact shape of the tabernacle of Moses?" (M.
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