2020 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Local Authority Feliciano Cirimele Officer Communities Department York House, Sheet Street, Windsor SL4 1DD Address 01628683800 Telephone [email protected] E-mail Report Reference RBWM-ASR20 number June 2020 Date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

The Council has declared five Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs), for exceedance of the annual mean air quality objective (AQO) for nitrogen dioxide

(NO2), in Windsor (2 areas), Maidenhead, Bray (near the M4) and Wraysbury (near the M25).

Air quality across the Borough is generally good and in recent years has been improving. Current monitoring suggests that there are some localised, roadside exceedances of the annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3 for nitrogen dioxide.

The Council has a programme of measures in place to reduce the impact of emissions on local air quality. These form an integral part of the Local Transport Plan (LTP) which informs the Highways Capital Programme with the Council’s efforts to improve air quality. The LTP also implements a suite of 'soft' measures and smarter choices: influencing better travel choices, such as encouraging public transport use, walking and cycling that can all contribute to reduced road traffic emissions.

Cycling represents an important alternative to car use for local journeys, however road safety concerns is the main limiting factor that prevents a greater number of people to take up cycling as their preferred travel choice. Therefore, the road environment needs to change radically if there is to be a substantive increase in cycling.

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 i Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

The Council has a duty to work towards achieving the national AQO. In 2019 marginal exceedances of the AQO were recorded within four of the five AQMAs and at one site outside the AQMAs in Datchet. All results in 2019 within and outside the AQMAs (distance corrected to nearest exposure) are below objective levels.

The Imperial Road/ St Leonards Road Junction AQMA has been below 36 µg/m3 for three consecutive years.

The Borough AQMAs can be viewed at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=315

Actions to Improve Air Quality

Maidenhead

The Maidenhead Town Centre Area Action Plan (AAP), a plan to rejuvenate Maidenhead town centre and the surrounding area includes schemes to reduce congestion and improve air quality.

Maidenhead Station Access scheme, construction of a multi-modal transport interchange for Maidenhead station including facilities for buses, taxis, a new cycle parking hub, and improved pedestrian/cycle links between the station and the town centre. The cycle hub opened June 2020 and the forecourt work is not due until next year. The access scheme is required to cater for the predicted increase in passengers and vehicles accessing the station as a result of electrification of the Great Western Main Line, the Elizabeth Line (formerly known as Crossrail) and the Western Rail Link to Heathrow.

Stafferton Way Link Road has been completed, connecting the A4 and A308. The link helps to reduce congestion in front of the rail station and at critical junctions along the A4.

Bray

A scheme for the widening of the A308 between Holyport Road roundabout and Upper Bray Road has been completed. This has improved traffic flow at the junction and reduced congestion at peak times.

The M4 Smart Motorway scheme includes the upgrade of the noise barriers. Increasing the height of the barriers should reduce the dispersion of pollutants from the M4 towards sensitive receptors.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 ii Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Windsor

Changes to the operation of the traffic signals at the Imperial Road/St Leonards Road and Clewer Hill Road / Winkfield Road junctions were completed in July 2016. The changes have reduced journey times and improved traffic flow at this bottleneck.

Other areas where improvements have been delivered include the Maidenhead Road/Stovell Road junction where traffic signals have been replaced with a roundabout to improve traffic flow and the Arthur Road/Alma Road junction where coaches are banned from turning right onto Arthur Road when leaving the coach park.

Conclusions and Priorities

In 2019 marginal exceedances of the AQO were recorded within the AQMAs at: Imperial Road/St Leonards Road junction and Arthur Road in Windsor; Windsor Road near the M4 in Bray; Bridge Road in Maidenhead and outside the AQMAs at London Road in Datchet. The result from his site in Datchet is uncertain because monitoring started in June 2019 resulting in data capture rate of only 50%. However the annualised mean when distance corrected to nearest exposure was 37.5 µg/m3 which is below the annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3. Monitoring at this site and other sites in Datchet is ongoing and the results for 2020 be reported on in next year’s report.

The maximum NO2 concentration in the Wraysbury/M25 AQMA was just below the objective before the distance correction to nearest exposure was applied.

Annual mean values across the monitoring network have been decreased since

2015. The maximum NO2 concentrations in 2019 within all five AQMAs when distance corrected to nearest exposure was below 10% the annual mean objective (<36 µg/m3). The revocation of AQMAs will be considered after three consecutive years of compliance with air quality objectives.

The maximum NO2 concentration in the Imperial Road/ St Leonards Road Junction AQMA has been below 10% of the objective (<36 µg/m3) for three consecutive years, therefore the revocation of the AQMA can now be consider.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iii Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

The regeneration of Maidenhead town centre and the arrival of the Elizabeth Line represent both a challenge and an opportunity in driving forward air quality improvements in the area.

The Royal Borough has appointed Countryside PLC as joint venture partner to help redevelop four major opportunity sites within the town centre, while other developers are independently progressing with plans for other sites within the town centre. All of these sites are being developed with low levels of on-site parking, and include residential and workplace travel plans designed to promote sustainable travel patterns. Opportunities are being taken to review the operation and layout of the town centre road network to reduce unnecessary through traffic and improve provision for active travel modes.

Growth Deal funding has been secured for the ‘Maidenhead Station Access’ scheme. The scheme includes construction of a multi-modal transport interchange. A new cycle parking hub opened in June 2020. Also improvements to the crossing between the station and town centre and associated changes to the layout of the A308 / Queen Street junction, as well as a new traffic signal scheme have been completed. A two-way traffic operation scheme on Broadway has been completed, this is allowing vehicles to turn left or right out of the Broadway (Nicholsons) car park and left or right onto Frascati Way. Drivers are now able to access the M4, A308 and A4 from the car park without having to travel through the town centre.

Parking displaced from the rail station forecourt will be provided in the existing Stafferton Way multi-storey car park. The scheme is required to cater for the predicted increase in passengers and vehicles accessing the station as a result of electrification of the Great Western Main Line, the Elizabeth Line and Western Rail Link to Heathrow.

The Council has also secured Local Growth Fund support to complete the ‘Missing Links’ between North Maidenhead and planned major development areas at St Cloud Way and West Street, and to improve their connectivity to the town centre and rail station. A new inner-ring is proposed for pedestrians and cyclists, which will be tied into new / enhanced subway crossings of the A4 to reduce the severance effect of this busy main road.

In addition, the council has secured Growth Deal / Business Rates Retention Pilot funding for the Maidenhead Housing Sites Enabling Works project. This will deliver

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iv Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead capacity improvements at a number of critical junctions on the A4 and A308 within Maidenhead, which are forecast to experience significant congestion issues as a result of planned and committed development up to 2032. A business case will submitted in July 2020 for Maidenhead Housing Sites Enabling Works. Stafferton Way improvement is planned for 2020, with one or two additional junctions under consideration.

Following the significant increase in walking and cycling across the UK during the pandemic the government has announced new funding for local authorities to make changes to their highways to encourage more people to choose alternatives to public transport. It is estimated that 14,000 trips previously done by public transport across the Royal Borough will need to be made by other means. The Council wishes to boost cycling as the best alternative to car use and public transport and is seeking to bring forward cycling schemes outlined in the Council’s Cycling Action Plan. A bid was submitted in June 2020 to the Department for Transport.

Local Engagement and How to get Involved

Air quality and sustainable transport matters are debated at various public forums including: Access Advisory Forum; Cycle Forum; Local Access Forum; and Windsor Town Forum.

Public consultations and local residents’ surveys are used to inform the Council’s decisions and policies.

In addition to commissioning its own residents’ survey, the Council also takes part in the National Highways and Transport (NHT) annual benchmarking survey where residents can give their views on a wide range of transport issues. The results are used to inform future investment programmes.

Support is also provided to Neighbourhood Plan Groups to help develop traffic and transport aspects of their Neighbourhood Plans.

For further information email [email protected]

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 v Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Conclusions and Priorities ...... iii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... v 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead ...... 5 Windsor AQMA ...... 6 Wraysbury/M25 – Junction 13 AQMA ...... 7 Bray/M4 AQMA ...... 7 Maidenhead AQMA ...... 7 Future Priorities ...... 9

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 20 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 21 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 21 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 21 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 21 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 21

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 22

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 22 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 23 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 40 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 43 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 47 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 56 Glossary of Terms ...... 57 References ...... 58

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vi Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 12

Table A.1 - Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 23 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 24 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 27 Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 37 Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results...... 38 Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results ...... 39

Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019 ...... 40

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 56

List of Figures

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 31

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vii Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead during 2019. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 1 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=315

Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA(s).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 2 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas Is air Level of Exceedance quality in (maximum the AQMA monitored/modelled Action Plan Pollutants influenced concentration at a location AQMA Date of and Air City / One Line by roads of relevant exposure) Name Declaration Quality Town Description controlled Objectives by At Now Name Date Link Highways Declaration England? Imperial Declared NO2 annual Windsor An area NO 52.5 µg/m3 35.1 µg/m3 Action 2015 https://www3.rb Road/ St March 2014 mean encompassing Plan wm.gov.uk/dow Leonards the junction of 2015 nloads/file/2082 Road Imperial Road /air_quality_acti Junction and Leonards on_plan AQMA Road

Windsor Declared NO2 annual Windsor An enlarged NO 52 µg/m3 35.8 µg/m3 Action 2009 http://aqma.defr AQMA February mean area Plan - a.gov.uk/action- 2015, encompassing 2009 - 2015 plans/RBWM% Amended parts of west 2015 20AQAP%2020 July 2009 Windsor 09.pdf

Maidenhead Declared NO2 annual Maidenhead An enlarged NO 51.7 µg/m3 35.1 µg/m3 Action 2009 http://aqma.defr AQMA February mean area Plan - a.gov.uk/action- 2015, encompassing 2009 - 2015 plans/RBWM% Amended the town centre. 2015 20AQAP%2020 July 2009 09.pdf

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 3 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Is air Level of Exceedance quality in (maximum the AQMA monitored/modelled Action Plan Pollutants influenced concentration at a location AQMA Date of and Air City / One Line by roads of relevant exposure) Name Declaration Quality Town Description controlled Objectives by At Now Name Date Link Highways Declaration England? Bray/M4 Declared NO2 annual Maidenhead An area Yes 59.8 µg/m3 35.7 µg/m3 Action 2015 https://www3.rb AQMA July 2009 mean encompassing Plan wm.gov.uk/dow part of Bray 2015 nloads/file/2082 around the /air_quality_acti place where the on_plan M4 crosses over the A308 Windsor Road Wraysbury/ Declared NO2 annual Windsor The area runs Yes 46.9 µg/m3 34.3 µg/m3 Action 2015 https://www3.rb M25 March 2014 mean along the B376 Plan wm.gov.uk/dow AQMA and intersects 2015 nloads/file/2082 with the M25 /air_quality_acti near junction 13 on_plan

☒ The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 4 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded:

The report is well structured, detailed, and provides the information specified in the Guidance. The following comments are designed to help inform future reports.

1. Trends are clearly presented and discussed and a robust comparison with air quality objectives is provided. 2. The diffusion tube and AQMA mapping is comprehensive and clearly demonstrates the monitoring network.

3. The maximum NO2 concentration in the Imperial Road/ St Leonards Road Junction AQMA was below 10% of the objective (<36 µg/m3), should this compliance be sustained for 3 consecutive years the council should consider revocation of the AQMA.

4. Continual review of the NO2 monitoring locations with historically low NO2 levels is encouraged, to ensure monitoring at the most relevant locations and any review of and changes to the network should be reported on in the 2020 APR. 5. QA/QC of the data was considered to be thorough, with annualisation of data carried out at two sites and an averaged local bias adjustment factor used for the non-automatic network.

6. The report included measures to address PM2.5 and links to Public Health outcomes Frameworks. This is encouraged to be continued in future ASRs. 7. Clear priorities for 2019 were identified, which is welcomed. Progress made on these priorities should be reported on in next year’s report. 8. Comments from the previous appraisal have been included and addressed, which is welcomed.

The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2019 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out below and in Table 2.2.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 5 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Windsor AQMA

Redesign of Clarence Road roundabout New roundabout layout significantly improved congestion / air quality Windsor Parking and Transport Strategy Car parking includes a ring of small-scale park and ride sites. Heathrow Bus Funding Agreement Hybrid and low-emission buses are used on bus services to Heathrow Airport. Supported bus services Supported bus services under RBWM contract require bus operators to use Euro V buses or better. Arthur Road A signal-controlled roundabout has been replaced with a roundabout, other signals have been upgraded to MOVA operation, and coaches are banned from turning right onto Arthur Road when leaving the coach park. Proposed Windsor 20mph A 20mph speed limit was proposed across a number of roads in and around central Windsor. However, following a low response to a public consultation it was decided that the scheme would not be progressed at this time. Cycling Links between Dedworth and Windsor Town Centre have been improved, including the A308 / Barry Avenue cycle route.

Imperial Road/St Leonards Road Junction AQMA

New traffic management schemes Changes to the operation of the traffic signals at the Imperial Road/St Leonards Road and Clewer Hill Road / Winkfield Road junctions were completed in July 2016. The changes have reduced journey times and improved traffic flow. Repositioning of induction loops to improve reliability of the signals, 2019. LEGOLAND travel plan and traffic signage The Borough has secured a travel plan to manage staff, hotel guest and day visitor travel to and from the resort. Improved traffic signage has been introduced to encourage visitors to use alternative routes that avoid congested junctions. The aim is to minimise the impact of visitor traffic on the Windsor AQMAs.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 6 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Wraysbury/M25 – Junction 13 AQMA

Motorway Emissions - air quality barriers The current monitoring results within the AQMA are below objective level. Should future monitoring results indicate that air quality measures may be necessary the council will engage with Highways England to explore possible schemes for the AQMA including the use of air quality barriers.

Bray/M4 AQMA

Motorway Emissions The M4 Smart Motorway scheme includes the upgrade of the noise barriers. Increasing the height of the barriers should reduce the dispersion of pollutants from the M4 towards sensitive receptors. Junction Improvements A scheme to widen the carriageway and extend the right-turning lane on the A308 between the Holyport Road roundabout and the Upper Bray Road junction has been completed. This helps to prevent right-tuning vehicles from blocking northbound traffic on the A308. In addition, the completed Stafferton Way Link Road helps to reduce the number of vehicles travelling to Maidenhead turning right into Upper Bray Road.

Maidenhead AQMA

Travel Plans The Council requires all major new developments to deliver residential and / or workplace travel plans. This is helping to reduce car trips and encourage more sustainable travel patterns.

The following travel plans were received in 2019:

 437- 441 St Leonards Road, Windsor  Shorts Waste Transfer and Recycling Facility, St George’s Lane, Ascot  Water Oakley Farm, Windsor Road, Bray  Braywick Court School, Hibbert Road, Bray  Buildings 1 & 2, Windsor Dials, Windsor  Units 1 to 3, Foundation Park, Canon Lane, Maidenhead  Larchfield House, Maidenhead;

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 7 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

 Units 9 to 27, Cordwallis Industrial Estate, Maidenhead;  Kings Chase, Maidenhead;  Land at York Road, Maidenhead.

The Council is also exploring options with developers and providers for setting up a car club in the town centre to serve a number of major new developments in the area. Also, Maidenhead is part of the easitNETWORK, a project to support and encourage businesses in Maidenhead to adopt sustainable transport options with discounts on rail travel and other sustainable travel products and initiatives: https://www.easit.org.uk/easitmaidenhead.

2016 Stafferton Way Link Road Stafferton Way Link Road has been completed, connecting the A4 and A308 via Oldfield Road and Stafferton Way. The link helps to reduce congestion in front of the rail station and at critical junctions along the A4.

Chapel Arches Residential and workplace travel plans have been secured for the Chapel Arches development. Improvements have been secured for local walking and cycling routes as part of the Chapel Arches development. This includes a contra-flow cycle lane on the eastern section of High Street and a raised table to aid pedestrian crossing movements, as well as public realm improvements.

Maidenhead Station Access £3.75 million of Growth Deal funding has been secured from the Thames Valley Berkshire Local Enterprise Partnership for the ‘Maidenhead Station Access’ scheme. The scheme includes construction of a multi-modal transport interchange, including facilities for buses, taxis and passenger drop-off/pick-up. A new cycle parking hub with capacity for 300 bikes and improvements to the crossing between the station and town centre and associated changes to the layout of the A308 / Queen Street junction have been completed. Also a two-way traffic operation scheme on Broadway has been completed, this is allowing vehicles to turn left or right out of the Broadway (Nicholsons) car park and left or right onto Frascati Way. Drivers are now able to access the M4, A308 and A4 from the car park without having to travel through the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 8 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead town centre. Parking displaced from the rail station forecourt will be provided in a new facility on Stafferton Way. The scheme will be completed in March 2021.

Maidenhead Missing Links £2.42 million of Growth Deal funding has been secured from the Thames Valley Berkshire Local Enterprise Partnership for the ‘Maidenhead Missing Links’ scheme. This will connect North Maidenhead to major development sites in and around Maidenhead town centre and onwards to Maidenhead Station. The scheme will complete a new ‘inner-ring’ for pedestrians and cyclists, and will feature new / enhanced crossings of Strand Water and the A4. The scheme will be completed by end of March 2021.

Maidenhead Housing Sites Enabling Works £4.21 million has been secured from the Thames Valley Berkshire Local Enterprise Partnership for the ‘Maidenhead Housing Sites Enabling Works’. This will deliver capacity improvements at six key junctions around Maidenhead:  A308(M) / A308 / A330 / The Binghams;  A4 / A308;  A4 / B4447 / Market Street;  A4 / B3028 / Lassell Gardens;  A4 / A4094 / Guards Club Road;  A308 / Stafferton Way / Rushington Avenue. The improvements are needed to cope with additional traffic associated with the regeneration of the town centre and the development of the Maidenhead Golf Course site. They will also enable commercial development to come forward in other parts of Maidenhead. The scheme will be completed by end of March 2021.

Future Priorities

The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead’s priorities for the coming year are:

 Due to COVID-19 and the need for social distancing, public transport capacity may be severely reduced. Following the significant increase in walking and cycling across the UK during the pandemic the government has announced new funding and mandated all local authorities to make rapid, meaningful

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 9 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

changes to their highways to help encourage more people to choose alternatives to public transport.

It is estimated that 14,000 trips previously done by public transport across the Royal Borough will need to be made by other means. This includes an estimated 6000 trips to school and home for secondary school children. The Council wishes to boost cycling as the best alternative to car use and public transport and is seeking to bring forward cycling schemes outlined in the Council’s Cycling Action Plan or highlighted by other tools such as the Department for Transport’s Propensity to Cycle Tool. A bid was submitted in June 2020 to the Department for Transport and definitive plans are in the process of being agreed. The first tranche of measures include footway widening and 20mph schemes in Maidenhead, Windsor and Ascot. It is anticipated that the second tranche bid will be more far-reaching and take in a larger geographical area to improve the safety of the road network to accommodate more cycling to school along main routes and other streets;

 To complete the Maidenhead Station Access, scheme by 2021;

 To conclude the design and start construction on the Maidenhead Housing Sites Enabling Works scheme;

 A bid to the Office for Ultra Low Vehicles (OLEV) for grant funding was successful. This is now going through procurement and implementation to provide on-street electric vehicle charge points in residential areas with no off- street parking. Opportunities will be taken to incorporate environmental sensors within charge points to provide additional data on local air quality;

 To undertake a multi-modal corridor study along the A308 between Marlow and Staines-upon-Thames to identify key traffic and transport issues, assess options and develop a package of measures to improve connectivity by walking, cycling and public transport and address congestion. This will form the basis for future funding bids to the Thames Valley Berkshire Local Enterprise Partnership and the Department for Transport (the A308 now forms part of the Major Roads Network);

 Cycle Schemes for 2020/21 include: Dedworth Road Cycle Route with a feasibility study for longer term route enhancements; a Wayfinding scheme for A308 - Windsor to Maidenhead Cycle Route and additional cycle parking.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 10 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Complete design and start construction on the Maidenhead Missing Links cycle route scheme;

 Safety schemes for 2020/21 include a zebra crossing on Bray Road; raising an existing zebra crossing on A308 Marlow Road, Maidenhead; buildouts and safety measures on Courthouse Road and A308 Windsor Road / Holyport Road; new crossing on the Stafferton Link (near Forlease Road), Maidenhead;

 Air quality schemes for 2020/21 include Arthur Road/Vansittart Road traffic signals are due to be refurbished with MOVA upgrade, intelligent pedestrian detection and LED upgrade to help reduce queuing. There is also a ‘No idling / switch off engines’ initiative. This will entail signage at locations (to be confirmed) and a supporting publicity exercise.

The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead anticipates that the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 will achieve compliance in the Windsor and Maidenhead AQMAs. The results in 2019 show that further measures to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of Wraysbury/M25 AQMA and Bray/M4 AQMA may not be required.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 11 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Reduction in Estimated / Organisations Key Comments / Measure EU Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Measure EU Category involved and Performance Progress to Date Barriers to No. Classification Phase Phase Emission from Completion Funding Source Indicator implementation Measure Date Awareness Campaigns Cycle Forum Organise public RBWM Jul 2016 Public Via other AQ updates and 1 events to increase Environmental ongoing Windsor Town ongoing Information mechanisms discussions knowledge and Health Forum Feb, Oct understanding of 2016; Nov 2019 AQ issues. Road Safety Education number of pupils 2018/19 Year 3 – 1,592 Year 4 – 1,485 Year 6 – 1,309 The 15% reduction

in car journeys Education New parent talks To deliver a 3% Programmes given at reduction 1. Road safety 7 schools, within AQMAs and cycle training RBWM Highways addressing safe Reduction in car in combination with with primary Promoting / Project Centre / walking and Promotion of journeys measure 3, 9, 11 2 schools. Travel Cycle Experience ongoing 3% cycling to school ongoing cycling Monitored via and 13 2. Deployment of Alternatives / Department for survey Speed Indicator Transport Bikeability Note: DfT figures Device (SID) / programme – 819 show that traffic has Speed Limit pupils trained decreased by 6% Reminder (SLR) 790 attained since the peak of Levels 1-3 2007.

12 SIDs are regularly deployed at sites across the Borough Funding support 2018/19, DfT for Traveline indicates there are South East public 1.4 million transport passenger journeys information on local bus service. services in RBWM. That is a fall of Bus operators 500,000 bus provide printed at- passenger journeys stop information per year from a for commercial 2014-16 high of bus services. 1.9million (source: DfT Table BU S0 RBWM provides 109a) Number of local at-stop Travel information RBWM Highways bus passenger information for Information to help & advice - / Project Centre / journeys supported bus people plan Providing Public Via other 2017/18 Reduced vehicle 3 Bucks County 2013/14 originating in the services. ongoing journeys NHT information on Information mechanisms emissions Council / transport authority area indicator - RBWM available travel operators undertaken each Joint work with below NHT average options. year Bucks County Council on real- Updated artwork time passenger and unified information. timetables were due to be installed by Real-time March/April in town information centres stops. screens have The new artwork been provided at has been finalized key bus stops and by the borough’s other locations, graphic designer such as but the unified Maidenhead timetables (external Library and St contractor) were put Mark’s Hospital on hold.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 12 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

workplaces, Travel plans can Achieve 100% 100% of state hospitals and achieve a reduction Schools Travel schools and Ongoing - schools. in car driver trips. Plans 3 independent Travel plans Secure Travel Promoting Combining all travel Workplace RBWM Highways schools have for all major 4 Plans through the Travel 3% plans a 3% Travel Planning / Project Centre < 70% driving to travel plans. new Planning process. Alternatives ongoing emission reduction work in year 1 developments Encourage within AQMAs <60% by year 3 4 School Travel required development of should be of the travel plan Plans were travel plans on a achievable updated / voluntary basis. approved in Produce guidance 2018/19 for all Travel

Plans on the web 7 new residential / workplace travel plans were approved in 2018/19

RBWM staff travel plan was adopted October 2009 Info about national lift-share Lift sharing - To schemes is develop an area- Alternatives to Car & lift provided on the wide lift-sharing. RBWM Highways 5 private sharing ongoing council’s website. ongoing Establishing self- / Project Centre. vehicle use schemes contained lift- A local lift share sharing schemes. scheme was set up in 2014. a) Applications: library membership, school admissions, planning applications, parking permits, home to school E-services - transport, and on- Promoting Providing online street EV charge 6 Travel Other RBWM ongoing See measure 2 services to reduce points. Alternatives the need to travel b) Payments - Council invoices, Council tax, business rates, parking fines, housing benefit repayment.

c) Reporting -

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 13 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

PlusBus tickets provide Most operators now Ticketing discounted bus Promoting RBWM have mobile tickets solutions - travel in 7 Travel Other Highways / ongoing but there no unified Promoting public Maidenhead and Alternatives Project Centre ticketing system transport Windsor for rail within the borough. users.

Smart cards and mobile ticketing offered by most local bus operators. MOVA installed at key junctions to provide real-time response to changing traffic conditions.

Variable Message Signs in Maidenhead provide advanced warning of planned road works and major events, and live information about incidents and Urban traffic emergency road control - Updating works. UTC, and extending the Traffic Congestion RBWM Highways Average journey 8 current UTC, in 2013-18 3% Alternative routes Management management, / Project Centre. time conjunction with signed to traffic reduction better traffic LEGOLAND to surveys. encourage motorists to avoid the most congested routes through Windsor.

Advisory HGV route signed in Maidenhead.

Advisory coach route signed in Windsor.

30 mph speed limit extension on A308 Braywick Road

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 14 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

2019/20 20+ new cycle stands installed

West Windsor to Windsor – Cycle quiet route completed.

2018 /19 Cycling schemes: Thames Street, Windsor (cycle parking)

Secured £3.048 for Maidenhead Station Access scheme, which Pedestrian and includes provision Cycling Facilities Transport In conjunction RBWM Highways for a new 300 Funding is secured 9 New/improved Planning and Cycle network 2014-18 See measure 2 3% with measure / Project Centre space cycle hub for Maidenhead routes and Infrastructure 2, 11 and 13 and improved Missing Links’ but crossing facilities pedestrian / cycle scheme not yet crossing between built. Maidenhead Station and the town centre

Secured £2.42 million for ‘Maidenhead Missing Links’ scheme, which will connect North Maidenhead to development sites in Maidenhead town centre and Maidenhead Station. Includes new / enhanced crossings of Strand Water and the A4. 2016 Trial new Completed proposal for Imperial Rd/ St Leonards Rd Junction (AQMA)

2016 Consultation Completed on Arthur Road Junction corridor junctions Improvements - UTC, (AQMA) Modifying the Traffic Congestion RBWM Highways Average journey 10 layout of junctions 2015/16 2016/17 3% Management management, / Project Centre. time Right-turn lane Completed experiencing traffic reduction extension chronic A308/Upper Bray congestion Road junction (AQMA)

2017/18 MOVA Completed upgrade to Clarence Road / Alma Road and provision of

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 15 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

2017/18 Clarence Completed Road / Victoria Street / St Leonards Road – raised table and upgraded signals / pedestrian crossing

2017/18 MOVA Completed upgrade to signals at A308 / Queen Street & A308 /Broadway junctions

2018/19 New double mini- roundabout layout at Dedworth Rd / Completed Parsonage La / Clarence Rd / Hatch La New arrangement with 4no. Zebra

2018/19 Secured £4.21 million for ‘Maidenhead Housing Sites Underway Enabling Works’ to deliver capacity improvements at six key junctions on the A4 and A308 around Maidenhead. A refuge island on A4 Bath Rd, Maidenhead was installed in November 2019. Funded from the 2019/20 Safer Routes to School budget.

2019/20 Safer routes to Courthouse Road schools - Identify / St Marks Road / priorities through See measure 2 Promoting Promotion of St Marks School Travel RBWM Highways 11 Travel cycling and 2014-2017 3% Crescent – 3no. completed Plans and / Project Centre Number of safer Alternatives walking Raised Zebra prioritise through routes crossings capital projects installed working group

Schemes delivered in 2016/17 include: Wraysbury Primary School – completion of footway link from Hythe End along Staines Road

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 16 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Reduction in Estimated / Organisations Key Comments / Measure EU Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Measure EU Category involved and Performance Progress to Date Barriers to No. Classification Phase Phase Emission from Completion Funding Source Indicator implementation Measure Date Previous schemes Holyport, St Edmund Campion and Queen Anne First School. Dedworth Road Study and School Cycle Paths Surveys show a Parking Workplace 27% increase in enforcement - Parking Levy, RBWM Traffic the number of 12 Decriminalised Parking Community Completed Management compliant parking Enforcement on Enforcement Dep. vehicles in enforcement highway Maidenhead Pedestrian / Cycling Facilities - Transport RBWM Highways Cycling Action 13 New/improved Planning and Cycle network 2016-18 2018/19 / Project Centre. Plan adopted routes & crossing Infrastructure facilities Retendered in 2017 - EURO V or better required.

Maidenhead Supported bus network is partly services - Transport commercially Bus route RBWM Highways 14 Providing financial Planning and 2015 See n 16 operated. ongoing improvements / Project Centre. support to local Infrastructure bus services RBWM provides financial support for bus services cannot be provided commercially. Improved public Satisfaction levels transport have fallen from information, 2018 to 2019, including real- staying behind time. national averages and neighbouring Ongoing local authorities programme to upgrade stops to Bus network review Public transport provide raised to be carried out in infrastructure kerbs to improve 2020 Comms have Improvements - accessibility. put together an Reduced traffic Enhance Transport initial engagement Bus route RBWM Highways volume along 15 accessibility and Planning and 2016 2019/20 plan. Mapping of improvements / Project Centre. A308 attractiveness of Infrastructure St Leonards bus routes is almost

public transport Road, Windsor – done. and priority bus Bus stop routes accessibility upgrade – dropped kerbs and tactile paving. Bedford Lane, Sunningdale - New hardstanding at bus stop.

The first Berkshire Quality bus Heathrow LA Public Transport partnership - Partnership Transport Borough wide – meeting was held in Develop high Bus route RBWM Highways delivers enhanced 16 Planning and 2016 % target reduction ongoing Feb 2020 to discuss quality, cross improvements / Project Centre. bus services to Infrastructure low local issues boundary bus and from the (RBWM, services airport. Wokingham, West

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 17 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Centrica park and Services from: ride no longer Centrica, Windsor operates due to (Easter and high cost and summer); limited demand. Park & Ride - Promoting Home Park, Exploring RBWM Highways See measure 9 17 Travel Other completed Windsor; There is no longer a opportunities for / Project Centre. and 2 Alternatives King Edward VII dedicated Park & park and ride Car Park; Ride service at Windsor; and LEGOLAND, LEGOLAND, although can still Windsor park and use a local bus service. First Group introduced X9 The service was Transport RBWM Highways Inter-urban coach Bus route service from subsequently 18 Planning and / Project Centre Completed services improvements Maidenhead to withdrawn due to Infrastructure /South Bucks High Wycombe in lack of use. 2014. Secured £3.048 Maidenhead Station million for Access scheme is Maidenhead underway and will Station Access be completed in scheme to fund 2021. Cycle hub March 2020 new multi-modal opened June 2020. Rail partnerships - interchange and Forecourt work not Working in improved ped/ due until 2021 partnership with Public transport cycle links to the Network Rail, Transport improvements- RBWM Highways town centre. 19 Great Western Planning and interchanges / Project Centre 2016/17 2018/19

Railway (GWR) Infrastructure stations and /Crossrail Working with and South services GWR to secure Marlow Branch Line Western Railway funding for a scheme requires (SWR). July 2020 scheme at Bourne approvals from

End that would Network Rail allow 2 trains per hour Cycle Hub at on the Marlow Maidenhead Station Branch Line. is now open New town centre residential developments have very low Parking standards levels of parking. A Parking - Imposing strict Supplementary maximum parking Travel Plans are Planning Document standards for new Traffic RBWM Highways required for all 20 Other 2019/20 Ongoing is currently being development as Management / Project Centre. major new prepared to replace identified in the developments. the existing parking Borough’s standards. Parking Strategy. Electric vehicle charge points being sought for new developments Stating parking charges and permitted length Public parking of stay in public regimes - Setting RBWM Traffic car parks in town 21 parking charges Other Community Management centre locations to and permitted Enforcement Dep. favour short-stay length of stay parking for shoppers and visitors and

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 18 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

23) Review of Council pool cars underway - all 13 Improve efficiency Out of a fleet of Vehicle Fleet RBWM Highways vehicles currently 22 and 23 of Council’s own Other 2019/20 54 vehicles 87% ongoing Efficiency and Waste Dept. have petrol engines, fleet are Euro V but looking at electric / hybrid options Hybrid vehicles Buses on and hydrogen Heathrow routes fuelled - vehicles Promoting Low Vehicle Fleet RBWM Highways are a mixture of 24 Promoting, where Emission Public ongoing Efficiency / Project Centre hybrid and low- possible, the use Transport emission diesel of less and non- buses polluting vehicles Consulted on Decision taken not Reduction of Reduction of Traffic RBWM Highways 20 mph speed to progress scheme 25 speed limits to speed limits, 2016/17 Management / Project Centre limit across following public 20mph zone 20mph zones central Windsor consultation Looking to roll out Trial of new on-street charge smart, connected points to other electric vehicle residential areas charge points in with little / no off- Alma Road, street parking in Windsor with data 2020 - will make link and air quality use of OLEV grant Transport RBWM Highways / parking sensors, funding. To date no Electric vehicle 26 Planning and Other / Project Centre / 2018/19 2019/20 including stand- new charging points charge points Infrastructure Connected Kerb alone units and installed but RBWM units integrated are currently into street receiving furniture. Also, information from residents offered residents on where the use of electric they would like EV vehicles to trial charge points: 51 living with an EV. applications received in 2019

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 19 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

The PM2.5 annual mean for 2019 was estimated using the nationally derived correction factor (0.7) in accordance with Defra Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16. The PM10 recorded annual mean concentration at MW1, Fracati Way site in 2019 was 22.8μg/m3.

The PM2.5 estimated annual mean concentration at MW1 site was 15.9μg/m3

Based on 2017 data the Public Health Outcomes Framework local indicator for PM2.5 for Windsor and Maidenhead is 5.8, this is just above the average value of 5.6 for the South East region.

The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is taking the following existing measures in the Action Plans to address PM2.5:

 Promoting workplace, school and personalised travel planning (measure 4)

 Introduced MOVA at signal-controlled junctions (measure 8)

 Improving facilities for cycling and walking, including Maidenhead Missing Links (measures 9 and 11)

 Promoting bus services (measure 14, 15 and 16)

 Implementing a scheme for Maidenhead station interchange (measure 19)

 Trial of new, smart electric vehicle charge points (measure 26);

 Three designated Smoke Control Areas in West Windsor.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 20 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

The Royal Borough Windsor and Maidenhead undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at 3 sites during 2019. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Monitoring results are available at https://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/publicbulletin.asp?la_id=35&MapType=Goo gle

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

The Royal Borough Windsor and Maidenhead undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 18 sites during 2019. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias4, “annualisation” (where the data capture falls below 75%), and distance correction5. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

4 https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/bias-adjustment.html 5 Fall-off with distance correction criteria is provided in paragraph 7.77, LAQM.TG(16)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 21 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3. Note that the concentration data presented in Table A.3 represents the concentration at the location of the monitoring site, following the application of bias adjustment and annualisation, as required (i.e. the values are exclusive of any consideration to fall-off with distance adjustment).

For diffusion tubes, the full 2019 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Note that the concentration data presented in Table B.1 includes distance corrected values, only where relevant.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

In 2019 the annual mean objective for NO2 was marginally exceeded within the AQMAs at: Imperial Road/St Leonards Road junction and Arthur Road in Windsor; Windsor Road near the M4 in Bray; Bridge Road in Maidenhead and outside the AQMAs at London Road in Datchet. The result from his site in Datchet is uncertain because monitoring started in June 2019 resulting in data capture rate of only 50%. However the annualised mean when distance corrected to nearest exposure was 37.5 µg/m3 which is below the annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3. Monitoring at this site and other sites in Datchet is ongoing and the results for 2020 be reported on in next year’s report.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

The air quality objectives for PM10 were not exceeded in 2019.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 22 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 - Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance Distance to kerb X OS Y OS Grid to Site Pollutants In Monitoring of Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Ref Relevant Inlet Height (m) ID Monitored AQMA? Technique nearest (Easting) (Northing) Exposure road (m) (m) (1) (2) Frascati MW1 Roadside 488626 180994 NO2 Y Chemiluminescent 5 2 1.7 Way Frascati MW1 Roadside 488626 180994 PM10 Y BAM 5 2 1.7 Way Clarence MW2 Roadside 495664 176592 NO2 Y Chemiluminescent 5 3 1.7 Road Aldebury MW4 Background 488503 182710 NO2 N Chemiluminescent 5 20 1.7 Road

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 23 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance collocated X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type with a Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? WM1 Longmead Background 494067 176764 NO2 N 5 1 N 3 WM2 Priors Way Background 489807 178760 NO2 N 10 2 N 2 Queen WM5b Roadside 488864 180951 NO2 Y 10 2 N 2 Street WM9a Alma Road Roadside 496237 176584 NO2 N 7 2 N 2 Imperial WM10a Roadside 495606 176364 NO2 Y 8 2 N 2 Road WM11a Straight Rd Roadside 498232 174916 NO2 N 3.5 0.5 N 2 WM11b Straight Rd Roadside 498388 174797 NO2 N 11 1 N 1.5 Wraysbury WM13 Roadside 502017 172541 NO2 Y 5 2 N 2 Road 1 Wraysbury WM13a Roadside 502108 172461 NO2 Y 5 2 N 2 Road 2 Wraysbury WM15 Roadside 502259 172322 NO2 Y 5 2 N 2 Road 3 Wraysbury WM15a Roadside 502257 172333 NO2 Y 2 5 N 2 Road 4 Wraysbury WM15b Roadside 502300 172278 NO2 Y 5 1 N 2 Road 5 Clarence WM18 Roadside 495664 176592 NO2 Y 5 2.5 Y 1.5 Road 1 Clarence WM19 Roadside 495664 176592 NO2 Y 5 2.5 Y 1.5 Road 2 Clarence WM20 Roadside 495664 176592 NO2 Y 5 2.5 Y 1.5 Road 3 Frascati Way WM21 Roadside 488626 180994 NO2 Y 5 2 Y 1.5 1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 24 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Tube Distance to Distance collocated X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type with a Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? Frascati Way WM22 Roadside 488626 180994 NO2 Y 5 2 Y 1.5 2 Frascati Way WM23 Roadside 488626 180994 NO2 Y 5 2 Y 1.5 3 WM28 Keate's Lane Roadside 496604 177866 NO2 N 3 2 N 2 Eton Wick WM28a Roadside 496539 177826 NO2 N 3 2 N 2 Road M4 Windsor WM29 Roadside 489975 178721 NO2 Y 10 2 N 2 Road 1 M4 Windsor WM29a Roadside 489928 178754 NO2 Y 10 2 N 2 Road 2 M4 Windsor WM29b Roadside 490060 178593 NO2 Y 10 2 N 2 Road 3 Queens WM30a Roadside 498549 177064 NO2 N 5 1 N 2 Road WM30b High Street Roadside 498645 176990 NO2 N 5 1 N 2 London Roadside NO2 WM30c 498725 177092 N 3 1 N 2 Road Arthur Road WM31 Roadside 495896 176939 NO2 Y 10 1 N 2 1 Arthur Road WM32 Roadside 496082 176903 NO2 Y 2.5 1 N 2 2 Arthur Road WM33 Roadside 496312 176886 NO2 Y 0 1 N 2 3 WM34 Ludlow Road Background 488417 180554 NO2 N 5 1 N 2.5 Hythe End WM01 Background 501366 172377 NO2 N 20 1 N 2 Road St Leonards WM03 Roadside 495331 175569 NO2 Y 7 1 N 2 Road 1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 25 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Tube Distance to Distance collocated X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type with a Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser? St Leonards WM03a Roadside 495294 175556 NO2 Y 7 1 N 2 Road 2 St Leonards WM03b Roadside 495314 175551 NO2 Y 5 1 N 2 Road 3 St Leonards WM03c Roadside 495413 175587 NO2 N 5 2 N 2 Road 4 Osborne WM04 Roadside 496631 175927 NO2 N 3 1 N 2 Road 1 Osborne WM04a Roadside 496380 176035 NO2 N 3 1 N 2 Road 1 Bridge Road WM013 Roadside 489571 181334 NO2 Y 15 1 N 2 1 Bridge Road WM013a Roadside 489652 181323 NO2 Y 5 1 N 2 2 Stafferton WM014a Roadside 489033 180622 NO2 Y 5 1 N 2 Way

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 26 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data Valid 3 (3) (4) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data Monitoring for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) (1) MW1 488626 180994 Roadside Automatic 99 38 43 38.2 36.4 35.1 MW2 495664 176592 Roadside Automatic 97 36.4 39 34.5 34.3 32.1 MW4 488503 182710 Background Automatic 96 - 18 17.6 17.5 17

Diffusion WM1 494067 176764 Background 83 16.2 18.5 16.8 17.9 18.0 Tube Diffusion WM2 489807 178760 Background 100 25.9 27.6 27.6 26.3 25.3 Tube Diffusion WM5b 488864 180951 Roadside 58 - - - - 28.8 Tube Diffusion WM9a 496237 176584 Roadside 92 - - - - 29.7 Tube Diffusion WM10a 495606 176364 Background 83 - - - - 39.9 Tube Diffusion - - - - WM11a 498232 174916 Roadside 100 37.4 Tube Diffusion - - - - WM11b 498388 174797 Roadside 92 36.9 Tube Diffusion WM13 502017 172541 Roadside 100 35.4 37.1 32.8 39.2 32.9 Tube Diffusion WM13a 502108 172461 Roadside 75 36.8 39.7 33.7 36.8 36.5 Tube Diffusion WM15 502259 172322 Roadside 92 45.3 44.7 42.9 41.6 39.4 Tube Diffusion WM15a 502257 172333 Roadside 100 41.6 42.7 40.2 38.7 36.2 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 27 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Valid Data Valid 3 (3) (4) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data Monitoring for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) (1) Diffusion WM15b 502300 172278 Roadside 75 37 38.5 37.7 38.4 35.5 Tube Diffusion WM18 495664 176592 Roadside 100 34 35.7 35.1 34.3 32.0 Tube Diffusion WM19 495664 176592 Roadside 92 33.7 36.4 34.6 32.9 32.1 Tube Diffusion WM20 495664 176592 Roadside 100 33.3 36 34.5 32.5 32.8 Tube Diffusion WM21 488626 180994 Roadside 100 40.3 41.4 38.5 37.4 35.1 Tube Diffusion WM22 488626 180994 Roadside 100 38.9 39.5 39.0 36.3 35.3 Tube Diffusion WM23 488626 180994 Roadside 100 39.2 41.9 38.7 37.9 35.6 Tube Diffusion WM28 496604 177866 Roadside 100 28.4 34.3 30.2 31.2 27.3 Tube Diffusion WM28a 496539 177826 Roadside 83 26.8 35.5 34.3 32.6 29.1 Tube Diffusion WM29 489975 178721 Roadside 100 50.5 53.4 49.5 48.8 43.3 Tube Diffusion WM29a 489928 178754 Roadside 100 40.9 45.2 39.8 41.0 36.9 Tube Diffusion WM29b 490060 178593 Roadside 92 29.5 41.2 35.3 37.3 32.0 Tube Diffusion WM30a 498549 177064 Roadside 100 - - - 31.2 29.0 Tube Diffusion WM30b 498645 176990 Roadside 75 - - - - 32.1 Tube Diffusion WM30c 498725 177092 Roadside 50 - - - - 43.0 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 28 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Valid Data Valid 3 (3) (4) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data Monitoring for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) (1) Diffusion WM31 495896 176939 Roadside 83 40 39.3 39.5 44.8 40.9 Tube Diffusion WM32 496082 176903 Roadside 100 34.4 34.2 32.1 31.7 32.2 Tube Diffusion WM33 496312 176886 Background 100 37 40.6 36.4 38.5 34.6 Tube Diffusion WM34 488417 180554 Roadside 75 - - - - 19.1 Tube Diffusion WM01 501366 172377 Roadside 92 17 18.6 16.0 18.6 16.9 Tube Diffusion WM03 495331 175569 Roadside 100 34.4 40.3 39.2 38.7 37.1 Tube Diffusion WM03a 495294 175556 Roadside 100 43.3 47.4 43.8 44.3 42.1 Tube Diffusion WM03b 495314 175551 Roadside 100 46.6 48.8 48.7 46.7 47.4 Tube Diffusion WM03c 495413 175587 Roadside 100 24.3 25.3 24.6 - 23.7 Tube Diffusion WM04 496631 175927 Roadside 100 30.9 34.8 29.4 31.5 30.9 Tube Diffusion WM04a 496380 176035 Roadside 100 - - - 34.8 31.5 Tube Diffusion WM013 489571 181334 Roadside 100 32.4 32.2 33.2 29.9 31.5 Tube Diffusion WM013a 489652 181323 Roadside 83 38.4 44 41.4 39.5 41.1 Tube Diffusion WM014a 489033 180622 Roadside 100 27.3 31.7 29.1 32.9 31.4 Tube

☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 29 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance adjustment

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 30 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

3 Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 31 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

3 Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) Measured at Diffusion Tubes Sites, Windsor

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 32 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

3 Figure A.3 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites, Imperial /Winkfield Road Junction

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 33 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

3 Figure A.4– Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations (µg/m ) Measured at Diffusion Tube Sites, Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 34 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Figure A.5– Trends in Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m3) measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites, M4/Bray

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 35 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Figure A.6 Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations (µg/m3) measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites, M25/Wraysbury

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 36 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Valid Data 3 (3) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Capture for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) (1) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) MW1 488626 180994 Roadside Automatic 99 99 0 0 0 0 0 MW2 495664 176592 Roadside Automatic 97 97 0 0 3 0 0 MW4 488503 182710 Background Automatic 96 96 0 0 0 0

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 37 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

X OS Y OS Grid Valid Data Capture for 3 (3) Valid Data Capture PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Grid Ref Ref Site Type Monitoring Period (%) 2019 (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) (1) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 MW1 488626 180994 Roadside 98 98 - 25 24 22.8 22.8

☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 38 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS Y OS Grid Valid Data PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Valid Data Capture for Site ID Grid Ref Ref Site Type (1) Capture 2019 Monitoring Period (%) (2) (Easting) (Northing) (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

MW1 488626 180994 Roadside 98 98 - 15 12 2 8

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 39 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019

Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean

X OS Y OS Grid Bias Distance Site ID Grid Ref Ref Adjusted Corrected (Easting) (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw (0.94) and to Nearest Data Annualised Exposure (1) (2)

WM1 494067 176764 30.3 24.6 - - 13.7 14.3 12.3 11.3 15.9 19.9 30.8 18.5 19.2 18.0 WM2 489807 178760 39.5 36.1 25.0 28.3 21.5 21.4 16.4 21.9 22.4 28.0 35.8 26.8 26.9 25.3 WM5b 488864 180951 - - - - 15.6 25.9 - 28.6 28.0 29.7 40.9 32.8 30.6 28.8 WM9a 496237 176584 41.2 36.1 27.2 37.9 28.3 - 25.4 21.2 27.1 31.4 42.5 29.6 31.6 29.7 WM10a 495606 176364 50.9 45.9 34.9 - - 40.8 53.8 35.8 35.8 38.7 50.5 38.0 42.5 39.9 32.8 WM11a 498232 174916 48.6 40.6 32.0 46.7 39.9 41.6 39.1 30.9 38.0 40.5 50.9 29.3 39.8 37.4 30.7 WM11b 498388 174797 48.9 42.9 35.5 45.6 41.1 35.0 - 28.7 34.8 38.3 47.3 33.4 39.2 36.9 27.8 WM13 502017 172541 39.4 43.4 31.3 40.7 33.6 33.8 29.8 30.2 32.1 32.0 43.2 31.1 35.0 32.9 WM13a 502108 172461 44.5 40.4 34.4 49.8 - 37.1 30.7 - - 34.7 43.2 35.2 38.9 36.5 29.3 WM15 502259 172322 57.6 49.8 44.8 31.6 38.0 36.1 35.6 - 43.0 35.4 46.7 42.9 42.0 39.4 32.8 WM15a 502257 172333 47.1 47.7 45.1 33.6 37.6 32.2 29.6 37.0 36.3 36.3 41.5 38.4 38.5 36.2 34.3 WM15b 502300 172278 52.4 40.9 38.8 36.0 36.1 34.8 32.9 30.8 - 37.1 - - 37.8 35.5 WM18 495664 176592 38.8 43.1 30.2 39.3 30.2 31.8 33.0 28.8 31.6 33.9 36.5 30.7 34.0 32.0 WM19 495664 176592 34.5 42.7 31.8 35.4 30.2 32.5 29.9 32.6 31.9 33.9 39.6 - 34.1 32.1 WM20 495664 176592 37.6 44.1 31.7 39.7 32.4 34.0 32.3 32.7 31.1 33.3 38.6 31.7 34.9 32.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 40 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean X OS Y OS Grid Bias Distance Site ID Grid Ref Ref Adjusted Corrected (Easting) (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw (0.94) and to Nearest Data Annualised Exposure (1) (2)

WM21 488626 180994 42.9 44.2 36.2 38.2 34.3 32.8 33.4 35.3 34.5 34.9 42.5 38.5 37.3 35.1 WM22 488626 180994 41.2 44.5 37.8 36.0 35.4 36.0 35.0 34.2 36.2 36.6 40.5 36.9 37.5 35.3 WM23 488626 180994 48.1 45.8 38.3 38.8 31.1 34.0 36.1 30.9 35.3 35.5 43.4 37.0 37.9 35.6 WM28 496604 177866 38.1 32.6 28.4 37.0 29.3 24.1 23.0 20.4 26.7 25.5 37.4 26.5 29.1 27.3 WM28a 496539 177826 42.1 - 27.9 32.6 28.9 30.2 30.0 26.6 32.6 29.7 - 28.8 30.9 29.1 WM29 489975 178721 49.3 52.3 42.7 50.0 44.1 48.0 43.8 44.9 39.4 44.4 54.2 39.9 46.1 43.3 35.7 WM29a 489928 178754 43.4 49.8 35.0 44.3 37.7 36.2 36.1 36.4 32.4 36.4 48.9 35.1 39.3 36.9 32.0 WM29b 490060 178593 42.3 39.5 35.7 40.4 33.1 - 28.4 23.7 30.1 30.6 42.1 28.1 34.0 32.0 WM30a 498549 177064 41.2 39.9 31.9 39.0 32.1 27.8 14.8 23.8 26.3 26.6 35.6 30.9 30.8 29.0 WM30b 498645 176990 - - 35.9 40.0 30.7 32.8 31.8 29.3 28.4 33.7 44.9 - 34.2 32.1 WM30c 498725 177092 ------44.5 38.1 48.4 41.6 53.8 40.5 45.7 43.0 37.5 WM31 495896 176939 45.6 46.9 - - 37.1 49.1 43.2 43.0 42.6 40.0 51.8 36.1 43.5 40.9 35.8 WM32 496082 176903 39.8 41.8 29.1 36.8 30.0 33.1 28.7 30.7 29.3 34.1 40.5 37.2 34.3 32.2 WM33 496312 176886 39.9 37.6 36.1 46.4 40.1 33.2 34.3 29.9 32.6 35.9 46.0 30.0 36.8 34.6 WM34 488417 180554 - - 21.0 27.1 - 18.5 13.9 13.4 16.0 22.8 27.6 22.4 20.3 19.1 WM01 501366 172377 24.7 23.3 15.7 22.5 14.2 - 12.2 9.1 12.9 19.1 25.1 18.4 17.9 16.9 WM03 495331 175569 48.0 46.3 39.9 38.8 37.9 38.8 38.7 32.5 36.2 38.5 44.7 32.7 39.4 37.1 30.9 WM03a 495294 175556 53.0 54.3 48.4 47.6 47.1 48.0 38.9 33.7 35.9 42.4 50.3 38.4 44.8 42.1 34.3 WM03b 495314 175551 54.8 55.6 53.2 52.2 52.9 48.4 52.1 53.4 47.5 45.6 45.1 44.4 50.4 47.4 35.1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 41 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

WM03c 495413 175587 33.8 29.7 26.9 26.6 21.3 22.3 20.5 21.1 22.0 24.9 31.3 22.1 25.2 23.7 WM04 496631 175927 41.9 41.4 32.0 37.9 29.7 31.8 28.2 22.8 26.8 31.6 41.3 29.5 32.9 30.9 WM04a 496380 176035 44.2 42.4 31.0 33.3 28.5 31.0 28.1 25.8 29.1 32.6 45.0 31.3 33.5 31.5 WM013 489571 181334 46.5 45.6 37.0 37.3 25.7 27.4 27.5 26.4 28.0 31.0 36.9 33.2 33.5 31.5 WM013a 489652 181323 49.5 60.9 41.8 36.7 - 35.3 41.4 45.4 38.0 41.8 46.3 - 43.7 41.1 33.2 WM014a 489033 180622 40.7 41.3 32.0 36.9 30.4 29.1 28.9 29.1 32.3 31.4 40.7 27.5 33.4 31.4

☒ Local bias adjustment factor used ☐ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 42 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Continuous Monitoring Continuous Monitoring sites MW1, MW2 and MW4 are part of the London Air Quality Network (LAQN) which is operated and managed by the Environmental Research Group (ERG) at King’s College London. QA/QC audits are carried out by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Data have traceability to national standards and operational procedures defined for LAQN.

NO2 Diffusion Tubes: Technical Specification Diffusion Tubes are supplied by Gradko International Ltd. The preparation method is TEA 50% acetone. Nitrogen dioxide is determined by U.V. Spectrophotometry. RBWM officers are responsible for the deployment and collection after the tubes are exposed for approximately 4 weeks. The laboratory performance under the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for AIR NO2 PT rounds AR0030, 31, 33 and 34 covering January 2019 – November 2019, the percentage of results submitted with satisfactory score was 100% http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion- tubes/qa-qc-framework.html

Adjustment Factor The diffusion tube bias adjustment factor used for 2019 was 0.94, this is the average between the Royal Borough local co-location studies at MW1 and MW2 sites, table C2 and C3. The national adjustment factor for 2019 was 0.87, this was not used because the local factor data had good precision and accuracy and was closest to 1.

Annualised Data The data capture rates at monitoring site WM5b and WM30c was below 75% in 2019 and the data has been annualised.

Distance Corrections Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure, Table C1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 43 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table C.1 NO2 Fall - Off with distance calculations (v4.2)

NO Annual Mean Concentration Comment Distance (m) 2 (µg/m3) Site Name/ID Monitoring Predicted Receptor Background Monitored Site to at to Kerb at Site Kerb Receptor

WM03 1.0 5.0 18.0 37.1 30.9

WM03A 1.0 5.0 18.0 42.1 34.3

WM03B 1.0 8.0 18.0 47.4 35.1

WM10A 2.0 8.0 18.0 39.9 32.8

WM 1.0 6.0 19.1 41.1 33.2 013A

WM13A 2.5 11.0 16.9 36.5 29.3

WM15 2.0 7.0 16.9 39.4 32.8

WM15A 5.0 7.0 16.9 36.2 34.3

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 44 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

NO Annual Mean Concentration Comment Distance (m) 2 (µg/m3) Site Name/ID Monitoring Predicted Receptor Background Monitored Site to at to Kerb at Site Kerb Receptor

WM29 2.0 12.0 25.3 43.3 35.7

WM29A 2.0 12.0 25.3 36.9 32.0

WM31 1.0 3.0 18.0 40.9 35.8

WM11A 0.5 3.5 18.0 37.4 30.7

WM11B 1.0 11.0 18.0 36.9 27.8

Predicted concentration at WM30C 1.0 3.0 18.0 43.0 37.5 Receptor within 10% the AQS objective.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 45 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Table C.2 MW1 Local Co-location Study – Maidenhead

Checking Precision and Accuracy of Triplicate Tubes

Diffusion Tubes Measurements Automatic Method Data Quality Check Coefficient Data Tubes Automatic Start Date End Date Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Triplicate Standard 95% CI Period -3 -3 - 3 of Variation Capture Precision Monitor

Period dd/mm/yyyy dd/mm/yyyy µgm µgm µgm Mean Deviation of mean Mean (CV) (% DC) Check Data 1 09/01/2019 06/02/2019 42.87 41.19 48.07 44 3.6 8 8.9 46.5 99 Good Good 2 06/02/2019 06/03/2019 44.20 44.47 45.80 45 0.9 2 2.1 49.7 99 Good Good 3 06/03/2019 03/04/2019 36.20 37.84 38.32 37 1.1 3 2.8 37 99 Good Good 4 03/04/2019 02/05/2019 38.19 35.95 38.80 38 1.5 4 3.7 40.8 99 Good Good 5 02/05/2019 05/06/2019 34.33 35.42 31.13 34 2.2 7 5.5 26.4 99 Good Good 6 05/06/2019 03/07/2019 32.78 35.95 34.02 34 1.6 5 4.0 27.6 99 Good Good 7 03/07/2019 07/08/2019 33.37 34.97 36.10 35 1.4 4 3.4 27.7 99 Good Good 8 07/08/2019 02/09/2019 35.28 34.15 30.92 33 2.3 7 5.6 27.5 99 Good Good 9 02/09/2019 02/10/2019 34.51 36.23 35.33 35 0.9 2 2.1 29.4 99 Good Good 10 02/10/2019 06/11/2019 34.85 36.59 35.54 36 0.9 2 2.2 33.2 99 Good Good 11 06/11/2019 04/12/2019 42.51 40.47 43.37 42 1.5 4 3.7 41.6 99 Good Good 12 04/12/2019 08/01/2020 38.46 36.92 36.97 37 0.9 2 2.2 35.3 99 Good Good 13 It is necessary to have results for at least two tubes in order to calculate the precision of the measurements Good Good Overall survey --> precision Overall DC Site Name/ ID: MW1 Maidenhead Precision 12 out of 12 periods have a CV smaller than 20% (Check average CV & DC from Accuracy calculations) Accuracy (with 95% confidence interval) Accuracy (with 95% confidence interval) without periods with CV larger than 20% WITH ALL DATA 50%Without CV>20%With all data Bias calculated using 12 periods of data Bias calculated using 12 periods of data 9% 9% 25% Bias factor A 0.94 (0.87 - 1.02) Bias factor A 0.94 (0.87 - 1.02) 8.8% 8.8% Bias B 7% (-2% - 15%) Bias B 7% (-2% - 15%) 0% Without CV>20% With all data Diffusion Tubes Mean: 38 µgm-3 Diffusion Tubes Mean: 38 µgm-3 -25% Mean CV (Precision): 4 Mean CV (Precision): 4

Automatic Mean: 35 µgm-3 Automatic Mean: 35 µgm-3 Diffusion Tube Bias B -50% Data Capture for periods used: 99% Data Capture for periods used: 99% Adjusted Tubes Mean: 35 (33 - 38) µgm-3 Adjusted Tubes Mean: 35 (33 - 38) µgm-3 Jaume Targa, for AEA Version 04 - February 2011

Table C.3 MW2 Local Co-location Study – Windsor

Checking Precision and Accuracy of Triplicate Tubes

Period dd/mm/yyyy dd/mm/yyyy µgm µgm µgm Mean Deviation of mean Mean (CV) (% DC) Check Data 1 09/01/2019 06/02/2019 38.84 34.51 37.59 37 2.2 6 5.5 37.60 97 Good Good 2 06/02/2019 06/03/2019 43.07 42.68 44.09 43 0.7 2 1.8 43.20 97 Good Good 3 06/03/2019 03/04/2019 30.21 31.75 31.73 31 0.9 3 2.2 30.10 97 Good Good 4 03/04/2019 02/05/2019 39.27 35.40 39.69 38 2.4 6 5.9 46.70 97 Good Good 5 02/05/2019 05/06/2019 30.17 30.22 32.37 31 1.3 4 3.1 28.80 97 Good Good 6 05/06/2019 03/07/2019 31.80 32.54 34.03 33 1.1 3 2.8 26.30 97 Good Good 7 03/07/2019 07/08/2019 33.02 29.88 32.29 32 1.6 5 4.1 24.90 97 Good Good 8 07/08/2019 02/09/2019 28.83 32.63 32.72 31 2.2 7 5.5 25.60 97 Good Good 9 02/09/2019 02/10/2019 31.62 31.93 31.14 32 0.4 1 1.0 28.80 97 Good Good 10 02/10/2019 06/11/2019 33.87 33.92 33.25 34 0.4 1 0.9 31.20 97 Good Good 11 06/11/2019 04/12/2019 36.52 39.63 38.63 38 1.6 4 3.9 39.70 97 Good Good 12 04/12/2019 08/01/2020 30.73 31.72 31 0.7 2 6.2 25.90 97 Good Good 13 It is necessary to have results for at least two tubes in order to calculate the precision of the measurements Good Good Overall survey --> precision Overall DC Site Name/ ID: MW2 - Windsor Precision 12 out of 12 periods have a CV smaller than 20% (Check average CV & DC from Accuracy calculations) Accuracy (with 95% confidence interval) Accuracy (with 95% confidence interval) without periods with CV larger than 20% WITH ALL DATA 50%Without CV>20%With all data Bias calculated using 12 periods of data Bias calculated using 12 periods of data 8% 8% 25% Bias factor A 0.95 (0.87 - 1.03) Bias factor A 0.95 (0.87 - 1.03) 8.7% 8.7% Bias B 6% (-3% - 14%) Bias B 6% (-3% - 14%) 0% Without CV>20% With all data Diffusion Tubes Mean: 34 µgm-3 Diffusion Tubes Mean: 34 µgm-3 -25% Mean CV (Precision): 4 Mean CV (Precision): 4

Automatic Mean: 32 µgm-3 Automatic Mean: 32 µgm-3 DiffusionTube Bias B -50% Data Capture for periods used: 97% Data Capture for periods used: 97% Adjusted Tubes Mean: 33 (30 - 35) µgm-3 Adjusted Tubes Mean: 33 (30 - 35) µgm-3 Jaume Targa, for AEA Version 04 - February 2011

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 46 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 47 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 48 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 49 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 50 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 51 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 52 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 53 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 54 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 55 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective6 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

6 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 56 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

ADMS Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System - Air quality modelling tool

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

AQO Air Quality Objective

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

EU European Union

BAM Beta Attenuation Mass – PM10 monitor

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

LTP Local Transport Plan

µg/m3 Microgram per cubic metre

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

RBWM Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 57 Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead

References

ENTEC (2008): LAQM Detailed Assessment for the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, ENTEC Report, November 2008.

Part IV of the Environment Act 1995: Local Air Quality Management - Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09), February 2009, and 2016 update

RBWM: Local Transport Plans (LTPs), http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/web/ltp_index.htm

RBWM: The Planning Obligations and Developer Contributions Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/web/pp_planning_obligations.htm

RBWM (2010): LAQM Detailed Assessment, Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, April 2011.

RBWM (2011): LAQM Second Further Assessment, Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, October 2011.

RBWM (2012): LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment, Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, April 2012.

RBWM (2013): LAQM Progress Report, Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, July 2014

RBWM (2014): LAQM Updating and Screening Assessment, Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, June 2015

RBWM (2017): Annual Status Report (ASR), Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, June 2017

RBWM (2018): Annual Status Report (ASR), Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, June 2018

RBWM (2019): Annual Status Report (ASR), Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Report, June 2019

The Air Quality Regulations (2000) and The Air Quality (England) Amendment Regulations 2002.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 58