DOCSLIB.ORG

CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Ananiel - Apocrypha by James Strong & John Mcclintock

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Ananiel - Apocrypha by James Strong & John Mcclintock THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY REFERENCE CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Ananiel - Apocrypha by James Strong & John McClintock To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Rio, WI USA Version 1.0 © 2000 2 Anan’iel (Ajnanih>l, i. q. Hananel, q.v.), the son of Aduel, father of Tobiel, and grandfather of Tobit (Tobit 1:1). Ananus (&Ananov, prob. a Greek form of Hanan, q.v.), the name of several men in Josephus. 1. The senior of that name, whose five sons all enjoyed the office of high- priest (Josephus, Ant. 20, 9, 1), an office that he himself filled with the greatest fidelity (War, 4:3, 7). He is probably the same as Ananus, the son of Seth, who was appointed highpriest by Cyrenius (Ant. 23, 2, 1), and removed by Valerius Gratus (ib. 2). He is apparently the ANNAS SEE ANNAS (q.v.) mentioned in the Gospels. 2. Son of the preceding, high-priest three months, A.D. 62, by appointment of Agrippa (Josephus, Ant. 20, 9, 1). He was a man extremely bold and enterprising, of the sect of the Sadducees; who, thinking it a favorable opportunity, after the death of Festus, governor of Judaea, and before the arrival of Albinus, his successor, assembled the Sanhedrim, and therein procured the condemnation of James, the brother (or relative) of Christ, who is often called the bishop of Jerusalem, and of some others, whom they stigmatized as guilty of impiety, and delivered to be stoned. This was extremely displeasing to all considerate men in Jerusalem, and they sent privately to King Agrippa, who had just arrived in Judaea, entreating that he would prevent Ananus from taking such proceedings in future. He was, in consequence, deprived of his office. He was exceedingly active in opposing the Zealots (Josephus, Life, 38; War, 4, 3, 9-14), and, in consequence, was put to death at Jerusalem at the beginning of the Jewish wars, A.D. 67 (ib. 4, 5, 2). 3. Son of Bamadus, the most barbarous of all the guards of Simon the tyrant during the final siege of Jerusalem (Josephus, War, 5,13, 1). He was from Emmaus, and deserted to the Romans before the capture of the city (ib. 6, 4, 2). 4. A governor (of the Temple), sent by Quadratus as a prisoner to Rome, along with the high-priest Ananias (Josephus, Ant. 20, 6, 2); called in the parallel passage (War, 2, 12, 6) the son of this Ananias. He was perhaps 3 the same elsewhere (War, 2, 19, 5) called the son of Jonathan (comp. War, 2, 12, 5). Anaphah SEE HERON. Anaphora (ajnafora>, raising up), in the Greek Church Liturgy, is that part of the service which includes the consecration of the elements. The book containing the service is also called Anaphora. The term answers to the canon missce of the Roman Liturgy. — Palmer, Orig. Liturg, 1, 20, Anastasia a martyr of the fourth century, of Roman descent, instructed in the principles of Christianity by Chrysogonus. Her father, being a pagan, gave her in marriage to a man of his own faith named Publius, who informed against her as a Christian. By command of Florus, governor of Illyricum, she was put to the torture; but, her faith remaining unshaken, he ordered her to be burnt, which sentence was executed December 25, A.D. 304, about one month after the martyrdom of Chrysogonus, her instructor. The Greeks commemorate her as a saint on Dec. 22: the Latins, Dec. 25. — Baillet, under Dec. 25. Anastasis SEE RESURRECTION. Anastasius I Pope, a native of Rome, succeeded Siricus about the year 398. He was a contemporary of St. Jerome, who speaks highly of his probity and apostolic zeal. He condemned the doctrine of Origen, and excommunicated Rufinus, who, in a controversy with Jerome, had been the advocate of Origen. Anastasius is said to have acknowledged that he did not understand the controversy. Rufinus wrote an apology, which is found in Constant’s collection of the “Epistles of the Popes.” Anastasius died in 402, and was succeeded by Innocent I. — Riddle, Hist. of Papacy, 1, 150; Baillet, under April 27. 4 Anastasius II Pope, a native of Rome, succeeded Gelasius I in 496. He endeavored to put an end to the schism then existing between the see of Constantinople and that of Rome about the question of precedence. Two letters written by him on the occasion to the Emperor Anastasius are still extant. He also wrote a congratulatory letter to Clovis, king of the Franks, on his conversion to Christianity. He endeavored to revoke the condemnation of Acacius (q.v,), and thus brought upon himself the hatred of the Roman clergy (Baronius, sub anno 497). He died A.D. 498. — Riddle, Hist. of Papacy, 1, 192; Baronius, Annal. A.D. 496. Anastasius III Pope, likewise a Roman, succeeded Sergius III in 911, and died the following year. Anastasius IV Cardinal Conrad, bishop of Sabina, was elected pope in 1153, after the death of Eugenius III. Rome was then in a very disturbed state, owing to the movements of Arnold of Brescia and his followers. Anastasius died in 1154, and was succeeded by Adrian IV. He wrote a work on the Trinity. Anastasius Anti-pope, elected about 855 in opposition to Benedict III. Emperor Louis, at the request of the people and clergy of Rome, induced him to resign. Anastasius St., patriarch of Antioch, was raised to that throne in 559. The Emperor Justinian, who favored the errors of the Aphthartodocetce (who held that our Lord before his resurrection was, as to his flesh, incorruptible and incapable of suffering), did all in his power to induce Anastasius to support them also, but he persisted in opposing them. Justin II banished him from Antioch, which he did not revisit until 593, after twenty-three years of exile. He died in 598 or 599, amid the heaviest afflictions. Gregory the Great wrote often to him to console him, and to congratulate him on his return. In the second council of Nicaea, a letter of Anastasius was read, in which he drew the distinction between the worship due to God, and that which we render to men and angels, viz., that we serve God alone. His remains may be found in Bib. 5 Max. Patr. tom. 9, and in Combefis, Nov. Auct. tom. 1. He is often confounded with Anastasius Sinaita (q.v.). — Landon, Eccl. Dict. 1, 336. Anastasius, St. surnamed Astric, the apostle of Hungary, born in 954, died Sept. 10, 1044. He entered the Benedictine order at Rouen, France. Subsequently he went to Bohemia with Adalbert, bishop of Prague, by whom he was made abbot of Braunau. When Adalbert had to flee from Bohemia, Astric left with him. He found an asylum at the court of Duke Stephen of Hungary, who, in the year 1000, put him at the head of the Benedictine abbey of St. Martin. Stephen having divided his duchy into ten bishoprics, that of Colocza was accorded to Astric, who henceforth assumed the name Anastasius. The duke then sent him to Rome to obtain from the pope, Sylvester II, the sanction of the ecclesiastical organization of Hungary, and for him (Stephen) the title of king. Anastasius was successful in this mission; he brought back for Stephen, with the royal crown and the double cross, the right to regulate the affairs of the Hungarian Church. Being proclaimed king by the nation, Stephen was consecrated and crowned by Anastasius. The latter was, during three years, provisional metropolitan of Hungary, the archbishop of Strigonia being, by a temporary loss of sight, prevented from discharging the duties of his office. While provisional metropolitan, Anastasius was present at the assembly of Frankfort, and blessed the marriage of the king with Gisella, sister of the Emperor Henry. When the archbishop of Strigonia recovered his sight, Anastasius retired into his diocese, when he devoted himself until his death to the propagation of the Christian faith. — Oesterreichisches biographisches Lexicon (Vienna, 1851); Hoefer, Biog. Generale, 2, 480. Anastasius Sinaita a monk of Matthew Sinai, born, it is supposed, about 600, though the date is undecided. He is said to have traveled much in Egypt and Syria, defending the faith against the Acephalists, Severians, and Theodosians. In his “Odegos,” or “Guide to the Right Path,” he speaks of John who was the Theodosian patriarch of Alexandria from 677 to 686; he was consequently alive about that period, but when he died is not known. He is honored as a saint in the Greek Church. His principal work, the Odegos just mentioned, has been attributed by some writers to the patriarch Anastasius, who died in 598; but the fact just mentioned, viz., that John of 6 Alexandria, who was patriarch from 677 to 686, is spoken of in it, will prove the impossibility of this. This work was published by Gretser, at Ingolstadt, in 1606. Some of the MSS. do not, however, contain the Exposition of the Faith, which is contained in Gretser’s edition at the beginning, and differ in many other particulars. The complete works of Anastasius Sinaita have been published by Migne, in Patrologia Graect, tom. 89 (Paris, 1860). Anastasius a Persian martyr who was baptized at Jerusalem. After his baptism he retired into the monastery of Anastasius, and thence imbibing the superstitious desire of martyrdom, he journeyed to Caesarea, When there, he was brought before the governor Barzabanes, who endeavored, first by bribes, and afterward by tortures, to induce him to forsake the faith; failing in his attempts, he sent him into Persia, where he was first strangled, and then beheaded by order of Chosroes, January 22, 628, the day on which he is commemorated as a saint both in the East and West.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Literary Sources
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82860-4 — The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest 2nd Edition Index More Information Index A Literary sources Livy XXVI.24.7–15: 77 (a); XXIX.12.11–16: 80; XXXI.44.2–9: 11 Aeschines III.132–4: 82; XXXIII.38: 195; XXXVII.40–1: Appian, Syrian Wars 52–5, 57–8, 62–3: 203; XXXVIII.34: 87; 57 XXXIX.24.1–4: 89; XLI.20: 209 (b); ‘Aristeas to Philocrates’ I.9–11 and XLII.29–30.7: 92; XLII.51: 94; 261 V.35–40: XLV.29.3–30 and 32.1–7: 96 15 [Aristotle] Oeconomica II.2.33: I Maccabees 1.1–9: 24; 1.10–25 and 5 7 Arrian, Alexander I.17: ; II.14: ; 41–56: 217; 15.1–9: 221 8 9 III.1.5–2.2: (a); III.3–4: ; II Maccabees 3.1–3: 216 12 13 IV.10.5–12.5: ; V.28–29.1: ; Memnon, FGrH 434 F 11 §§5.7–11: 159 14 20 V1.27.3–5: ; VII.1.1–4: ; Menander, The Sicyonian lines 3–15: 104 17 18 VII.4.4–5: ; VII.8–9 and 11: Menecles of Barca FGrHist 270F9:322 26 Arrian, FGrH 156 F 1, §§1–8: (a); F 9, Pausanias I.7: 254; I.9.4: 254; I.9.5–10: 30 §§34–8: 56; I.25.3–6: 28; VII.16.7–17.1: Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae V.201b–f, 100 258 43 202f–203e: ; VI.253b–f: Plutarch, Agis 5–6.1 and 7.5–8: 69 23 Augustine, City of God 4.4: Alexander 10.6–11: 3 (a); 15: 4 (a); Demetrius of Phalerum, FGrH 228 F 39: 26.3–10: 8 (b); 68.3: cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Rites of Maymar of Archangel Michael ﻣﯾﻣر رﺋﯾس اﻟﻣﻼﺋﮐﺔ اﻟﺟﻟﯾل ﻣﯾﺧﺎﺋﯾل
    Rites of Maymar of Archangel Michael ميمر رئيس المﻻئكة الجليل ميخائيل Fr. Jacob Nadian St. Bishoy Coptic Orthodox Church of Toronto Stouffville, ON Canada 1 H.H. Pope Tawadros, II Pope and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark, The Coptic Orthodox Church In Egypt and Abroad 2 Rites of Maymar of Archangel Michael طقس ميمر رئيس المﻻئكة الجليل ميخائيل Table of Contents Part 1: The Archangel Michael ....................................................................................................4 1. What is Maymar? .................................................................................................................... 4 2. The Meaning of the Name “Michael” ..................................................................................... 4 3. The Archangel Michael in the Holy Bible .............................................................................. 5 Part 2: Miracles of Archangel Michael ........................................................................................9 Part 3: Rites of Maymar of Archangel Michael ........................................................................10 The Prayer of Thanksgiving...................................................................................................... 11 Verses of Cymbals .................................................................................................................... 14 Adam Verses of Cymbals (Sunday to Tuesday) ................................................................... 14 Watos Verses of Cymbals (Wednesday to Saturday)
    [Show full text]
  • Book 45.Indb
    İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 45 (2021): 69-102 İslam’ın Erken Döneminde Şam Bölgesindeki Askerî-İdarî Bölgelerin (Cünd/Ecnâd) Oluşumu ve Bizans (Doğu Roma) Toprak Sisteminin Etkisi* Halil İbrahim Yılmaz** Lugatte “ordu, askerî birlik” anlamlarına gelen cünd (çoğulu: ecnâd), terim anlamıyla daha çok erken dönem İslam tarihinde Şam bölgesinde tesis edilen askerî-idarî böl- geleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Ninevâ (Ninova) savaşında Sâsânîler’i mağlup ederek bu bölgede yeniden hâkimiyet kuran Bizanslılar’ın elinde bulunan Şam bölgesi, müslümanların yaptıkları fetih harekâtının ardından İslam topraklarına dahil olmuş- tur. Fethinden sonra Şam bölgesinde başlangıçta Ürdün, Filistin, Dımaşk ve Humus cündleri kurulmuş, Emevîler döneminde ise bunlara beşinci cünd olarak Kınnesrîn eklenmiştir. İslam hâkimiyetindeki topraklar arasında yalnızca Şam bölgesinde uy- gulandığı tespit edilen cünd taksimatı, Abbâsîler döneminde de bazı değişikliklere uğramış, süreç içerisinde (özellikle Haçlı seferlerinin getirdiği kargaşa ortamıyla bir- likte) dağılmaya yüz tutmuş ve zamanla bu uygulama terkedilmiştir. Bu makalede Şam cündlerinin ne zaman kurulduğu, ne tür değişiklikler geçirdiği, kapsamı ve bünyesin- deki yerleşim yerleri ve ekonomik durumuna dair ayrıntılı bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte cünd sisteminin, köken ve oluşum itibariyle ilk defa müslümanların teşkil ettikleri bir idarî sistem mi, yoksa yapısal anlamda önceki Bizans sisteminden mülhem mi sürdürüldüğü sorusunun yanıtı aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuçta cünd sisteminin kuruluşunda kendi dinamiklerinin yanı sıra, birçok benzer yönlerinin bulunmasından dolayı önceki Bizans askerî-idarî sisteminden istifade edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: İslam tarihi, Bizans, cünd, ecnâd, Şam, toprak sistemi. * TDV İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi Araştırma Yetiştirme Projesi (AYP) kapsamında bu ma- kalenin bütün yazım sürecini titizlikle takip eden Doç.Dr. Berat Açıl’a, makaleyi okuyarak katkıda bulunan Prof.Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Notes on the Bema in the East and West Syrian Traditions
    VII Some Notes on the Bema etc. 327 I,. Bouyer even goes so far as to claim that what is now generally accepted as the " Syrian arrangement " was formerly that of the ~~zantikerite as well ('). Because of the importance of this quesfion for the history of worship, it might be profitable to re- view the archeological and liturgical evidence. Some Notes on the Bema The most common solution to the problem of church anange- ment in both East and West was to place the seats for the clergy in the East and West Syrian Traditions in an apse at one end - usually the east - of the church. Before the clergy, at the beginning of the nave (or in the transept, or in the apse itself, depending on the architecture of the church) stood the altar. Beyond, further into the nave, stood the ambon Since the publication of H. C. Butler's Early Chwches of or ambons for the psalmody and readings. The congregation Syria (Princeton, 1929). archeologists and liturgiologists have occupied, it seems, not so much the central nave as today, but shown considerable interest in certain peculiarities in the liturgical the side naves, thus leaving the center of the church free for pro- disposition of a number of ancient churches in North Syria ('). cessions and other comings and goings of the ministers demanded by the various rites ('). (1) A partial list of recent works dealing with this problem would But modern archeological discoveries have shown that two include: H. C. BUTLER, Early Churches of Syria, Princeton. 1929,and Syria, areas of early Christianity followed a plan of their own: North Publications of the Princeton University Archeological Expedition to Syria Africa, and parts of Northern Syria and Mesopotamia.
    [Show full text]
  • Eleventh Session, Commencing at 9.30Am ANCIENT GOLD COINS
    Eleventh Session, Commencing at 9.30am 3389* ANCIENT GOLD COINS Thrace, Kingdom of, Lysimachos, (323-281 B.C.), gold stater, (8.36 g), Callatis mint, posthumous issue c.88-86 B.C., obv. diademed head of Alexander the Great to right, wearing GREEK horn of Ammon, rev. Athena enthroned to left, holding Nike and resting left arm on shield, transverse spear resting against right side, to right ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩ[Σ], to left ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ, HP monogram below arm, ΚΑΛ on throne, trident below in exergue, (cf.S.6813, M.266, SNG Cop.1089). Extremely fi ne and virtually as struck. $4,500 3390* Thrace, Kingdom of, Lysimachos, (323-281 B.C.), gold stater, (8.26 g), Callatis mint, posthumous issue c.88-86 B.C., obv. diademed head of Alexander the Great to right, wearing horn of Ammon, rev. Athena enthroned to left, holding 3387* Nike and resting left arm on shield, transverse spear resting Sicily, Syracuse, Hieron II, (275-215 B.C.), gold drachm or against right side, to right ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, to left ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ, hundred litrai (4.25 g), struck circa 275-263 B.C., obv. head ΦΜ under arm, ΚΑΛ on throne, trident below in exergue, of Persephone left with long fl owing hair, wearing wreath (cf.S.6813, M.-, cf.SNG Cop. 1089). Good very fi ne and a of grain ears, single-pendant earring, and necklace, wing rare variety. behind, rev. charioteer, holding kentron in right hand, reins $1,300 in left, driving fast biga left, A below horses, ΙΕΡΩΝΟΣ in Ex Noble Numismatics Sale 79 (lot 3208).
    [Show full text]
  • The Contest for Macedon
    The Contest for Macedon: A Study on the Conflict Between Cassander and Polyperchon (319 – 308 B.C.). Evan Pitt B.A. (Hons. I). Grad. Dip. This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities University of Tasmania October 2016 Declaration of Originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does this thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Evan Pitt 27/10/2016 Authority of Access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Evan Pitt 27/10/2016 ii Acknowledgements A doctoral dissertation is never completed alone, and I am forever grateful to my supervisor, mentor and friend, Dr Graeme Miles, who has unfailingly encouraged and supported me over the many years. I am also thankful to all members of staff at the University of Tasmania; especially to the members of the Classics Department, Dr Jonathan Wallis for putting up with my constant stream of questions with kindness and good grace and Dr Jayne Knight for her encouragement and support during the final stages of my candidature. The concept of this thesis was from my honours project in 2011. Dr Lara O’Sullivan from the University of Western Australia identified the potential for further academic investigation in this area; I sincerely thank her for the helpful comments and hope this work goes some way to fulfil the potential she saw.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maronites Cistercian Studies Series: Number Two Hundred Forty-Three
    The Maronites CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED FORTY-THREE The Maronites The Origins of an Antiochene Church A Historical and Geographical Study of the Fifth to Seventh Centuries Abbot Paul Naaman Translated by The Department of Interpretation and Translation (DIT), Holy Spirit University Kaslik, Lebanon 2009 Cistercian Publications www.cistercianpublications.org LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org Maps adapted from G. Tchalenko, Villages antiques de la syrie du Nord (1953), T. II Pl. XXIII, Pl. XXIV, Pl. XXV. Used with permission. A Cistercian Publications title published by Liturgical Press Cistercian Publications Editorial Offices Abbey of Gethsemani 3642 Monks Road Trappist, Kentucky 40051 www.cistercianpublications.org © 2011 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Naaman, Paul, 1932– The Maronites : the origins of an Antiochene church : a historical and geographical study of the fifth to seventh centuries / Paul Naaman ; translated by the Department of Interpretation and Translation (DIT), Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Lebanon. p. cm. — (Cistercian studies series ; no. 243) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87907-243-8 (pbk.) — ISBN 978-0-87907-794-5 (e-book) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiíeologigal
    TIÍEOLOGIGAL -o^pq^>- VOLUME 20 1959 -«τΛκΛτ*- Published by Theological Studies, Inc., for the Theological Faculties of the Society of Jesus in the United States \ THEOLOGICAL VOLUME 20 March 1959 NUMBER 1 Published by Theological Studies, Inc., for the Theological Faculties of the Society of Jesus in the United States WOODSTOCK COLLEGE ST. MARY'S COLLEGE WEST BADEN COLLEGE ST. MARY OF THE LAKE ALMA COLLEGE WESTON COLLEGE © THEOLOGICAL STUDIES, INC. 1959 ΟΛ>«ΑΓ> TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLES Complacency and Concern in the Thought of St. Thomas Frederick E. Crowe, S J 1 Remarks on the Moral Problem of War John Courtney Murray, S J 40 The Ambrosian Origin of St. Augustine's Theology of the Image of God in Man Gerald A. McCool, S J 62 CURRENT THEOLOGY The History of the Church from Pentecost to 604: A Survey of Research, 1954-1958 Martin R. P. McGuire 82 BOOK REVIEWS 108 Introduction à la Bible 1: Introduction générale; Ancien Testament (ed. A. Robert and A. Feuillet) HÖPFL, H., O.S.B.: Introducilo generalis in sacrant scripturam (6th ed.) DRIJVERS, P., O.C.S.O.: Les Psaumes: Genres littéraires et thèmes doctrinaux ZIMMERMANN, F.: The Book of ToUt WTKENHAUSER, Α.: New Testament Introduction (tr. J. Cunningham) CONGAR, Y. M.-J., O.P.: Le mystère du temple ou L'Economie de la présence de Dieu à sa créature de la Genèse à VApocalypse BOISMARD, M.-E., et al.: UEvangüe de Jean: Etudes et problèmes MCAULIFFE, C, S.J.: Sacramental Theology: A Textbook for Advanced Students LOFFELD, E., C.S.SP.: Le problème cardinal de la missiologie et des missions catholiques BOUËSSÉ, H., O.P.: Le sacerdoce chrétien BOUYER, L.: Le trône de la sagesse: Essai sur la signification du culte mariale La maternité spirituelle de la bienheureuse Vierge Marie 1 & 2 LEFHERZ, F.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ill-Defined Rule: Cassander’S Consolidation of Power
    Karanos 2, 2019 33-42 An Ill-defined Rule: Cassander’s Consolidation of Power by Evan Pitt University of Tasmania [email protected] ABSTRACT Cassander’s implementation of power during the early stages of his rule of Macedonia was wide ranging and multifaceted. He employed numerous different strategies to gain support from a variety of influential groups within the Macedonian homeland and adjacent areas to secure his position. Much of the discussion surrounding Cassander’s actions to accomplish control over Macedonia has focussed on his desire to become the next king in Macedonia as demonstrated by overt public actions, a feat he achieved after the Peace of 311. However, when one considers the coinage issued by Cassander prior to 311, this single-minded monarchic aim appears less evident, calling into question the strength of this understanding of his actions. KEYWORDS Cassander, Antipatrid, Hellenistic monarchy, coins, Diadochi, governor. The winter of 317/316 BCE was a watershed moment for the Macedonian Empire and for the political landscape of the Macedonian homeland. Cassander, son of the former regent Antipater, had launched a successful invasion of Macedonia, ousting the incumbent regent, Polyperchon from power. From this point Cassander would embark on an ambitious plan to control the region. Over the following years he put in place a wide ranging and multifaceted strategy that drew upon many and varied avenues of support to cement his position. This period of time would see Cassander marry into the Argead family, initiate a significant building program in northern and southern Greece, remove the young Alexander IV from court, and bury the royal couple, Philip III Arrhidaeus and Adea-Eurydice at the traditional Argead burial ground at Aegae.
    [Show full text]
  • Angelic Hierarchies Wikibook
    Angelic Hierarchies Wikibook PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 27 Apr 2014 17:14:19 UTC Contents Articles Hierarchy of angels 1 Christian angelic hierarchy 2 Yazata 10 Jewish angelic hierarchy 14 Angels in Judaism 15 Living creatures (Bible) 27 Ophanim 28 Er'el 30 Hashmal 31 Seraph 32 Elohim 35 Sons of God 41 Cherub 45 Thrones 49 Archangel 50 Seven Archangels 58 Islamic view of angels 60 Israfil 64 Holy Spirit (Islam) 67 Buraq 70 References Article Sources and Contributors 73 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 75 Article Licenses License 76 Hierarchy of angels 1 Hierarchy of angels A Hierarchy of Angels is a belief or tradition found in the angelology of different religions, which holds that there are different levels or ranks of angels. Higher ranks may be asserted to have greater power or authority over lower ranks, and with different ranks having differences in appearance, such as varying numbers of wings or faces. Abrahamic faiths The Assumption of the Virgin by Francesco Botticini at the National Gallery The Jewish angelic hierarchy is established London, shows three hierarchies and nine orders of angels, each with different in the Hebrew Bible, Talmud, Rabbinic characteristics. literature, and traditional Jewish liturgy. They are categorized in different hierarchies proposed by various theologians. For example, Maimonides, in his Mishneh Torah or Yad ha-Chazakah: Yesodei ha-Torah, counts ten ranks of angels. The most influential Christian angelic hierarchy was that put forward by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite in the 4th or 5th century in his book De Coelesti Hierarchia (On the Celestial Hierarchy).
    [Show full text]
  • By Father Matthew Attia the Angels
    By Father Matthew Attia The Angels Introduction by His Grace Bishop Daniel .......................... 3 Preface ...................................................................... 4 Chapters 1 Who are the Angels? ........................................... 5 2 The Nature of the Angels .................................... 8 3 The Language and Numbers of the Angels ....... 10 4 The Ranks of the Angels ................................... 12 5 The Names of the Archangels ........................... 19 6 The Characteristics of the Angels ..................... 22 7 The Functions of the Angels ............................. 25 8 The Guardian Angels ........................................ 30 Introduction By His Grace Bishop Daniel “And of the angels He says: Who makes His angels spirits And His ministers a flame of fire.” (Hebrews 1:7). “Hail to the Church, the house of the Angels.” (The Morning Doxologies). One of the sweetest, most attractive topics is Angels, whom God created on the first day of creation to glorify and praise Him (Psalm 148:2) and serve and deliver humans (Daniel 6:22). What is the nature of Angels? What are the names and ranks of the Angels? What are their characteristics and functions and their language and numbers? All these important questions are discussed in this delightful book, which is well researched and presented by our beloved Father Matthew Attia. May the Lord bless the author and reader and may you always be guided and guarded by the Angels of the Lord. Through the intercessions of St. Mary and all the Heavenly Hosts and the prayers of His Holiness Pope Shenouda III. His Grace Bishop Daniel Bishop of Sydney and Affiliated Regions 24th November 2005 Feast of St. Mina Preface The word Angel means Messenger. They are active Spirits who are intelligent and serve God completely.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Governors of Syria in Late Antiquity: Problems and Perspectives of Prosopographic Research1 Pawel FILIPCZAK University of Lodz1
    Roman Governors of Syria in Late Antiquity: Problems and Perspectives of Prosopographic Research1 Pawel FILIPCZAK University of Lodz1 Aziz al-Azmeh claims that the origins of Islam are ultimately traceable to the profound evolution that occurred in the eastern part of the Mediterranean and consisted in the adoption of Greek elements into Roman civilisation. One of these, characteristic of the Hellenistic period, was the deification of the ruler: in accordance with this idea, the Romans came to regard their emperors as the worldly emanations of the divine. From the fourth century AD, with the development of the Christian theory of power, the emperor acted as both the head and guardian of the Church, while the monotheistic Christian religion accommodated the imperial and centralist needs of the state. It has been a long-established view among scholars, mentioned also by al-Azmeh, that Galerius, Diocletian and Constantine “instituted something like Caliphate”2. Even if evidently exaggerated (and captivating), both in terms of facts and chronology, the above statement accurately captures general parallelisms between the Roman empire of late antiquity and the Umayyad state with regard to the symbiotic relationship of religion and state. Nevertheless, we should not underestimate the distance between theory and practice in this respect: it could have been (and often was) remarkably significant. Even the most peremptory of rulers had to depend on people executing his orders; likewise, even the best thought- out idea depended on people as regards its implementation. The people dealing with these “mundane” matters were the officials: they embodied the Romanitas and represented it in the provinces, including, of course, (1) This article has been written under the research project financed by the National Science Center (Poland).
    [Show full text]