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World War II and Expansion This is Public Health: A Canadian History World War II and Expansion World War II and Expansion . 5 .1 Elizabeth L. Smellie Nutrition and Food Safety . .5 .2 Service to VON and First Female Military Colonel Physical Fitness . .5 .4 Elizabeth Laurie. Smellie. was. born. in. 1884. Tobacco Use . .5 .4 in Port. Arthur,. Ontario. .After . attending. the. Johns Hopkins. Training. School. for. Nurses. Venereal Disease and Penicillin . .5 .5 in Baltimore,. she. signed. up. as. a. Nursing. Immunization and Infectious Diseases . .5 .6 Sister during. WWI. with. the. Royal. Canadian. Medical Corps. .In . 1924,. she. joined. the. Health Services for Aboriginal People . .5 .7 Victorian Order. of. Nurses. and. was. appointed. Chief Superintendent. shortly. after,. helping. to. Federal Expansion expand the. Victorian. Order. of. Nurses. across. and Post-War Promise . 5 .10 Canada .In . 1940,. Ms. .Smellie . rejoined. the. Canadian army. in. World. War. II. and. helped. A Mixed Blessing for Public Health . 5 .12 organize the. Canadian. Women’s. Army. World Health Organization . 5 .14 Corps (CWACs). .The . CWACs. performed. a. variety of. war-time. duties,. from. clerical. and. administrative to. driving,. sail-making,. as. supply assistants. and. teletype. operators. .Ms . Smellie was. placed. in. command. of. the. CWAC. division in. 1942. and. promoted. to. Colonel. in. 1944, the. first. woman. to. reach. this. rank. in. the Canadian. army. —suite101 .com The Second. World. War. created. unprecedented. growth in. the. labour. force. and. the. rate. of. industrialization in. Canada. .Raw . materials,. farm products,. and. manufactured. goods. were. needed to. fight. the. war. .In . addition. to. significant. increases in. capital. investment. and. technological. 5.1 This is Public Health: A Canadian History advances, a. predominantly. rural. country. became. “closely approximates. or. even. exceeds. the. an urban. one. during. the. 1940s. .Women . were. expenditure of. the. Health. Department. for. all. essential in. keeping. the. farms. and. the. economy. other services,”. leaving. very. little. to. support. running during. the. war. and. their. rate. of. full-time. preventive services. 3. labour force. participation. doubled. between. 1939. and 1944,. many. doing. what. was. traditionally. considered “men’s. work. ”. Technological. advances. Nutrition and Food Safety put hospitals. and. medical. specialists. centre. During .and .after .the .war, .many .Canadians . stage as. industrialization. continued. to. transform. had .problems .accessing .and .affording .good . Canadian society,. while. labour. and. left-wing. quality .food . .The .war .brought .a .new .focus .on . political forces. called. for. greater. social. nutrition .for .the .civilian .and .the . equity .The . end. of. Second. World. War. military .populations, .as .recent . brought the. promise. of. progressive. surveys .revealed .malnutrition . change, growth. and. prosperity. to. among .a .significant .proportion . Canada, although. there. was. also. of .the .population . .Bread .was .of . growing anxiety. about. the. accelerating. particular .interest .to .help .improve . pace of. change. and. the. looming. atomic. nutrition .levels .by .shifting .popular . 1 shadow of. the. Cold. War. preferences .away .from .white .bread . During World. War. II,. many. of. the. to .more .nutritious .whole .wheat . country’s most. talented. medical. and. breads, .although .the .addition .of . public health. personnel. joined. the. a .synthetically-derived .vitamin . armed forces. .A . Canadian. Public B1 .to .white .bread .was .seen .as .an . Health Journal editorial. on. public. improvement . .Nutrition .surveys . health in. wartime. warned. that. while. revealed .deficiencies .in .calcium, . with .children .in .lower .income . the ultimate. scope. and. cost. of. the. war. Brown & Company Limited Cockfield, families .receiving .only .half .the . was still. unknown,. it. was. clear. that. Safe milk supply demands had. “already. gone. out. for. calcium .they .needed—their .diets . curtailment of. public. expenditures. and. redirection. lacking .in .milk .and .cheese .due .to .economic . of effort…. .Gains . must. be. consolidated. .The . last. hardship .or .lack .of .appreciation .for .the .nutritive . war left. its. lessons. .There . can. be. no. reduction. in. value .of .milk . .As .a .Canadian Public Health public expenditures,. and. no. lessening. of. public. Journal .editorial .stressed, .“in .a .predominantly . effort, for. the. safeguarding. of. health. ”. 2 CPHA. agricultural .country, .frequently .embarrassed .by . continued to. press. for. federal. funds. for. full-time. surplus .crops, .a .large .number .of .our .children .are . 4 health units. and. provincial. tuberculosis. control. not .securing .healthful .meals .” programs .In . every. province,. public. expenditures. 3 . “The .Need .for .Federal .Government .Assistance .in . for tuberculosis. control. and. sanatorium. care. Public .Health,” .Canadian Public Health Journal .32 . (September .1941): .478–79 4 . E W. .McHenry, . “Nutrition. in. Canada,”. Canadian. Public Health 1 . http://www .warmuseum .ca/cwm/exhibitions/newspapers/ Journal 30. (September. 1939):. 431–34;. “Improving. the. Staff. of. canadawar/homefront_e .shtml Life,” Canadian. Public Health Journal 31. (September. 1940):. 2 . “Public .Health .in .Wartime,” .Canadian Public Health Journal . 441; Dietary. Calcium. Deficiencies. in. Canada,”. Canadian. Public 31 .(January .1940): .35–36 Health Journal 32. (April. 1941):. 227–28. CHAPTER 5: 1940–1949 5.2 This is Public Health: A Canadian History Josephine DeBrincat Developed Public Health Nursing in Manitoba nutrition for. the. maintenance of. health. Josephine .DeBrincat’s .career .is .closely . and physical. efficiency. ”. 5 linked with. the. development. of. public. health. nursing .services .in .Manitoba . .She .was .born . Recovery from. wartime. on .the .island .of .Malta .and .graduated .from . food shortages. during. nursing .training .at .the .Winnipeg .General . the early. post-war. Hospital .in .1925 . .She .went .on .to .earn .the . period was. slow. .Import . Royal .Sanitary .Inspector’s .Certificate .and . restrictions and. the. Health Canada the .Public .Health .Nursing .diploma . .Ms . high price. of. fresh. Canada’s first food guide DeBrincat .specialized .in .industrial .nursing . and .during .and .after .the .Second .World .War . served .as .Public .Health .Nurse .Supervisor . Chester B. Stewart for .the .United .Nations .Rehabilitation .and . Researcher, Administrator Relief .Administration .in .Italy . .Upon .her . and Dean of Medicine, return .to .Manitoba .in .1946, .she .took .up . Dalhousie University her .responsibilities .as .Industrial .Nursing . Consultant, .Public .Health .Nursing . Chester Bryant. Stewart. was. born. in. Prince. Consultant, .and .Civil .Defence .Consultant . Edward Island. .Following . graduation. as. to .the .Department .of .Health .and .Public . Gold Medalist. in. Medicine. in. 1938,. he. Welfare . was appointed. Assistant. Secretary. of. the. Associate Committee. on. Medical. Research. — Canadian. Journal of Public Health, . of the. National. Research. Council. in. Ottawa,. Vol . .61, .1970 under the. chairmanship. of. Sir. Frederick. Banting .He . was. involved. in. the. first. program. of research. in. aviation. medicine. in. Canada. Better nutrition. was. seen. as. necessary. for. the. and from. early. 1940. to. mid-1945,. pursued. young and. for. adults,. particularly. those. employed. aviation research. activities. in. the. Canadian. in war. industries. .A . Division. of. Nutrition. was. Armed Forces,. retiring. with. the. rank. of. Wing. created within. the. Department. of. Pensions. and. Commander .After . postgraduate. training. National Health. in. 1941. to. improve. Canadian. in public. health. and. epidemiology,. he. was. nutrition standards. and. work. with. nutritional. appointed Professor. of. Epidemiology. in. the. committees set. up. in. each. province. .Canada’s . Faculty of. Medicine,. Dalhousie. University. in. first national. food. guide,. then. called. the. 1946 and. later. Dean. of. Medicine. Official Food. Rules,. was. introduced. in. 1942. to help. prevent. nutritional. deficiencies. during. — Canadian. Journal of Public Health, . wartime food. rationing. .The . Division. launched. a. Vol . .67, .May/June .1976 comprehensive national. nutrition. program. with. assistance from. the. Wartime. Information. Board. and the. Association. of. Canadian. Advertisers. 5 . “The .Canadian .Nutrition .Program,” .Canadian Journal of “to awaken. Canadians. to. the. need. for. adequate. Public Health .34 .(January .1943): .38–39 CHAPTER 5: 1940–1949 5.3 This is Public Health: A Canadian History 34 , , fruits and. vegetables. were. significant. and. in. 1943) 1948, the. Dominion. Council. of. Health. noted. that. Public Health Journal “housewives were. expressing. concern. that. their. families were. being. deprived. of. needed. nutrients. ”. Canadian (November launched mid-way. through. the. war. .As . with. World. The Council. advised. the. federal. health. department. War I,. large. numbers. of. young. men. called. up. for. to provide. advice. about. suitable. substitutes. for. military service. had. to. be. rejected. because. of. their. items in. short. supply. and. how. to. stretch. the. lack of. physical. fitness. .The . House. of. Commons. food dollar. .The . Dominion. Council. of. Health. reported that. some. 43%. of. new. recruits. had. to.
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