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SOUTH CAROLINA

CONFEDERATE HISTORY

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REVISED AND ENLARGED

THE HISTORICAL COMMITTEE South Carolina Division v £"

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SOUTH CAROLINA CONFEDERATE HISTORY

MRS. J. FROST WALKER, Chairman MRS. B. B. ALLEN MISS LENA LAWSON MRS. W. H. HERNDON MRS. J G. STABLER Committee

MRS. CHAPMAN J. MILLING President

REVISED AND ENLARGED

BY THE HISTORICAL COMMITTEE South Carolina Division United Daughters of the Confederacy

~ 7^2 3 TO

GEN. C. IRVINE WALKER

DR. T. GRANE SIMONS Southern Pamphlets Rare Book Collection \JNC-Chapel Hill PREFACE

In revising and enlarging this, catechism by request of the South Carolina division. United Daughters of the Confederacy the Historical committee has found the work both pleasant and profitable. The book has been entirely rewritten and the text greatly amplified. The former edition being used as a foundation to build on. The Historical Committee which issued the first edition of the catechism, was composed of the following Daughters: Mrs. St. John A. Lawton, chairman, Mrs. J. R. Vandiver, Miss Zena Payne, Mrs C. P. Murray, and Mrs. E'. J. Burch. In the year 1918 and 1919, Mrs. J. R. Vandiver of Anderson, and Miss Grace Dell James of Bishopville, respectively, were winners in the catechism contest. We are greatly indebted to Mrs. J. H. West, of Newberry, Mrs. St. John A. Lawton, of Charleston, Miss Mary B. Poppen- heim of Charleston, Miss Mildred Rutherford of Georgia, and others for information and suggestions. MRS. J. FROST WALKER, Historian and chairman of Historical committee, S. C. Division U. D. C. Union, S. C. INSCRIPTION

Confederate Monument, Columbia, South Carolina

This Monument Perpetuates The Memory Of Those Who True to the instincts of their birth. Faithful to the teachings of their fathers, Constant in their love for the State—- Died in the performance of their duty; Who Have gloried a fallen cause By the simple manhood of their lives, The patient endurance of suffering And the heroism of death And who In the dark hour of imprisonment In the hoelessness of the hospital, In the short agony of the field Found support and consolation In the belief That at home they would not be forgotten.

Those for whom they died Inscribe on this marble The solemn record of their sacrifice, The perpetual gratitude of the State they served, The' undying affection of those whose lives The separation of Death Has shadowed an everlasting sorrow; Scattered over the battlefields of the South. Buried in remote and alien graves, Dying unsoothed by the touch Of familiar and household hands, Their names are here To recall To their children and kinsmen How worthily they lived How nobly they died; And in what tender reverence Their memory survives-

593248 Let the stranger who may in future times Read this inscription Recognize that these men Whom power could not corrupt, Whom death could not terrify, Whom defeat could not dishonor And let their virtues plead for just government Of the cause for which they perished

Let the South Carolinian of another generation Remember That the State taught them How to live and die; And that from her broken fortunes She has preserved for the children The priceless treasures of their memories Teaching all Who may claim the same birth right That Truth, Courage and Patriotism Endure forever- —'Wm. Henry Trescot. CATECHISM OF SOUTH CAROLINA CONFEDERATE HISTORY

I .—A NTE-BELLUM

(1) Name the South’s greatest exponent of State Rights and give lifp- dates.* John Caldwell Calhoun of South Carolina; 1782-1850. (2) Mention his home, the chief public services of his political career, and his burial place. Born in Abbevill District, March 18th, 178 2. Lived at Fort Hill, Oconee County, S. C. Member of Congress, United States Senator and United States Secretary of State. He lies buried in St. Philip’s churchyard, Charleston, South Carolina (3) Did any other states beside South Carolina believe in States Rights? Yes. New England States threatened twice to leave the Union because their “Rights were threatened.’’ (4) Had South Carolina and the other states a right to secede? Yes. The National Constitution justifies the doctrine of States Rights. (5) For how long had the North abused the privileges of tha South, and in what ways? Forty years; mainly through unjust legislation, unconsti¬ tutional Tariff Acts, and unjust distribution of money in the Treasury. (6) Where did the National Democratic Convention of 1860 meet, and what date? Charleston, S. C., April 18 60. (7) After Lincoln’s election, at what little place and at what date was the first conference about South Carolina seceding from the Union held? At Secession Hill, Abbeville County, November 22nd, 1860 (8) How many men were there? Eight companies of minute men. (9) Which was the first State to secede, and when? South Carolina, December 20th, 1860 (10) Where did the delegates to the first secession Convention in South Carolina meet and where was the Ordinance signed? The South Carolina Secession Convention met in the first Baptist Church of Columbia, but owing to a small-pox epi¬ demic, it completed its work in St. Andrew’s Hall, in Charles¬ ton, South Carolina, where the Ordinance was signed. (11) By what term did it refer to the Constitution of the United States; and what did it declare concerning the Union" The Compact; that it was dissolved.

♦State Rights or States Rights—Encyclopedia. State Rights—Rutherford’s history. State Rights—Andrew’s history. 7 (12) How many signors ot the Ordinance of Secession were there and how were they chosen? ^ One hundred and sixty-nine members of a State Conven¬ tion, chosen by a popular vote. (13) Where is the original Ordinance of Secession preserved, and how are the fac-simile copies accounted for? The original Ordinance of Secession is preserved in the archives of the South Carolina Historical Commission in the South Carolina Capitol. A copy of the Ordinance was pre¬ sented to each signer; one of these is in the library of Win- throp College, one in the Record Room of the Ree County court house, and otners elsewnere. (14) Had the South made any efforts at this time to keep peace? Yes. She made five different overtures to have a peaceful settlement of all questions., (See note.) (15) What agreement had both sides made? That no fort would be re-in forced without first giving no¬ tice to the Government.

II.—WAR PERIOD.

(15) Who began the war? The North under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln, while the Confederate Commissioners were in Washington making every effort for peace. (17) What part did the “Star of the West” play in precipitat¬ ing the war? The “Star of the West” was a small vessel containing

* The South made five distinct efforts to secure peace as they did not desire war. 1. The Crittenden Compromise in Congress, December, 1860, which would have made peace but was rejected by the Republi¬ cans at Mr. Lincoln’s direction. 2. A Peace Conference at Washington, I). C., February 4th, 1860. All Compromises refused by Mr. Lincoln’s representa¬ tive. 3. The Confederate Government sent three Commissioners to Washington, March 5th, 1861, to ask for peace—They failed by President Lincoln’s declaring war by breaking the Armistices. 4.. Virginia’s Convention on February 13, 1861, when Presi¬ dent Lincoln was asked to be present in the interest of peace. He declined to go but sent word that “It was too late.”’ He had then sent vessels to arm and provision Sumter and Pickens. 5. President Davis in the spring of 1864, sent three commis¬ sioners to urge leading men at the North to urge peace. Presi¬ dent Lincoln would not see them but sent terms which meant unconditional surrender, which could not be accepted. 4 he Hampton Roads Conference where only the same terms of unconditional surrender were offered by President Lincoln s and Alexander Stephens’ own evidence. Miss Rutherford’s Scrap Book for April. Vol. IV., pp. 1-18.

8 troops and provisions, sent to re-inforce Major Anderson, a United States officer. Slie endeavored to reach Fort Sum¬ ter on January 9th, 1861, but when fired upon from Morris Island by students of the South Carolina Military Academy, she turned back. George Edward Haynesworth was the first to pull the lanyard of a gun against the “Star of the West.” (18) What happened after this? Six more states immediately seceded, and the seven Con¬ federate States at once called for volunteers. (19) Who was chosen Secretary of War of the South Carolina Government; and what provision was made for obtaining revenue? D. F. Jamison, of Barnwell; a tariff to be collected at all ports of entrance into the State. (20) Whom did the Confederate Government assign as director of South Carolina defenses? General G. T. Beaureguard,' of Louisiana. (21) Where was the scene of the first struggle between the South and the United States, and how was it precipitated? The first combat occurred in Charleston Harbor, upon the refusal of the garrison of Fort Sumter to surrender the prop¬ erty there to the Confederate States of America (C. S. A.), the demand being made when the rumor became current that United States gunboats, contrary to agreement, were on their way to protect the Fort. Captain Stephen D. Lee, S. C. Vol., of Anderson, South Carolina, who afterwards became a general was sent by General Beaureguard to make this demand. (22) What was the object of General Beaureguard’s attack; and when did the bombardment take place, having what effect? The reduction of Fort Sumter; from 4.00 o’clock A. M., April 12th, 1861, for thirty-three hours, until the United States flag was hauled down. After this, without consult¬ ing Congress, President Lincoln called for 7 5,000 troops to coerce the seceding States, upon that call, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee seceded. (23) What young engineer superintended the fortifications of Charleston Harbor? Captain, later Major John Johnson; for many years after the war the beloved rector of St. Philip’s Church. Charleston, a man who made valuable additions to the history of South Carolina, not only by actual work in the formation, but in his careful and accurate written accounts. (24) What Confederate General afterwards became Episcopal bishop of South Carolina? General Ellison Capers, who distinguished himself as great¬ ly during the war by his gallantry and discretion, as he did afterwards by his piety and eloquence. (25) By what sobriquet was the Confederate General Richard H. Anderson known. “Fighting Dick Anderson,” which is the highest rank that can be given. (26) Who were the Confederate commanders defending Fort Sumter?

9 Alfred Rhett, Stephen Elliott, John Mitchell and Thomas Huguenin. j27) Was Fort Sumter ever captured by the Federals? Never. Neither Fort Sumter nor Charleston, though severely bombarded for over two years. They were both vol¬ untarily evacuated at the end of the war, when the struggle was seen to be hopeless. 28) Who bestowed the sobriquet, “Stonewall,” on General Thomas J. Jackson, and why? General Barnard E. Bee, of South Carolina, during the first battle of Manassas or Bull Run, the first land battle of the war. When his brigade seemed to waver during a parti¬ cularly hot encounter, he pointed to General Jackson, whose brigade was near by, and urging his men to rally, exclaimed: “Look there at Jackson! He is standing like a stone-wall.” The men took fresh courage and pressed on to victory. Gen¬ eral Bee lies buried in the Episcopal church yard at Pendleton, in Anderson County, South Carolina (29) What part of South Carolina territory was taken by the enemy early in the war? Port Royal, (Commanded by Gen. Thomas F. Drayton), with Beaufort and the surrounding country, taken by the Federals in November, 1861. (30) Tell of the battle of Secessionville, James Island. The Federal force which had captured Port Royal determin¬ ed to take Charleston also, and on June 16th, 1862. they at¬ tacked with a force of six thousand men, the Confederate fort at Secessionville, defended by seven hundred and fifty men, under the immediate command of Major Lamar. There was a Confederate reserve of thirteen hundred under Colonel Johnson Hagood (afterward made General and also Governor of South Carolina.) The Federals were defeated and with¬ drew. This was one of the three decisive battls of the War between the States. This was a “Colonel’s battle,” no one above the rank of Colonel being engaged. Colonel Johnson Hagood, 1st Regiment; Colonel Peter Gaillard, 27th Regiment; Colonel C. H. Stevens and Colonel Ellison Capers, 24th Regi¬ ment; Colonel Charles H. Simonton, 25th Regiment, being in Command. (31) Who was in command of the force defending Charleston? General R. S. Ripley. (3 2) Tell of the attack and defense of Charleston harbor. In April 1863, a powerful ironclad fleet attacked Fort Sum¬ ter but was driven off, after a terrific fight. Other assaults also resulted in failure to the enemy. During the. four years of the war, Charleston stood impregnable against all assaults from the sea. (33) What was the “Little David” and what became of it? The “Little David” was a successful torpedo boat, designed by Dr. St. Julian Ravenel, of Charleston and used October 5th, 1S63. It was named “Little David”, because it was to attack a great Goliath, a large United States war ship “Ironsides”, in Charleston Harbor. It crippled the big ship and returned under

10 Lieut. W. T. Glassell, to port. It was the fore-runner of the modern torpedo boat. (34) What other torpedo boat attacked the “Ironsides?” “The Torch”, designed by Captain F. D. Lee, commanded by Captain J. Carlin and Lieutenant E. S. Fickling, August 21st, 1863. (35) Tell of “The Hunley.” It was a submarine named for her designer, Horace L. Hunley, built in Mobile, Ala, in 18 63. She could carry a crew of nine men and could remain below water thirty minutes She was sent by rail to Charleston, South Carolina. Six crews were lost on her, the last being in the attack of the “Housa- tonic” off Charleston harbor, February 17th, 1864. The brave little boat steered straight for the big vessel, her torpedo striking the Housatonic amidships. The big sloop-of-war sank immediately, the Hunley sinking with her. Her crew unable to open the man hole, was drowned. (36) Who were the “Immortal 600”? They were six hundred young Southern officers whom the Yankees placed on Morris Island, South Carolina, under our own fire of guns from the forts in the harbor, enduring great hardships and with insufficient food. Negroes were in com¬ mand over them. Only seventeen of the six hundred were finally forced by their great suffering to take the oath of alle¬ giance. The others remained faithful to the end. About a third of the original number survived. (37) What is the approximate of the South Carolina fighting men furnished the Confederate States Service? Sixty-five thousand. (38) Where did they serve? In the Army of Northern Virginia; in the Trans-Mississippi Department; in the Army of the West; in the Coast Defense, and in the Navy. (39) Who was one of the brave commanders of the Army of the West, from Union, South Carolina; and why so named? General States Rights Gist; he was born about the time when the question of States Rights was agitated. (40) What was South Carolina’s loss in men in the Confederate States Service? 17,6 82 died in service- Thousands died from the effects of the war in the years immediately following. (41) Who were South Carolina’s war governor’s? Francis Pickens, . December, 1860-1862 M. L. Bonham . December 1862-1864 A. G. Magrath .-... December 1864-1865 Soon after the war Governor Magrath was arrested by the Federal Government, sent to prison and deposed as governor. (42) What was the direction of W. T. Sherman’s Raiders in South Carolina in 1865; and what policy did the ravages of his soldiers indicate? From Savannah, northwest to Columbia, thence northeast to Fayetteville, North Carolina devastating a fifty-mile belt; destruction of property and homes and humiliation of the people.

11 (4o) What city was burned in February 18 65, as the hot-bed of secession? Columbia, South Carolina. <44) Who was falsely charged by Sherman with having started the fires? It’s defender, Wade Hampton. (45) Who burned Columbia? General Sherman by his own confession, though at the time he declared that it was done by Hampton. (46) In the burning of Columbia, why were the University buildings, among which was the valuable College library, spared? Because those buildings, and especially the library were used as a hospital, and not even Sherman destroyed hospitals containing sick and wounded. (47) As the chief fighting in South Carolina was near the coast, why was the State so prostrated after the war? Because its fighting men being in other States, there was nothing to oppose Sherman’s march from Atlanta to the sea, and his army passed like a flock of locusts over the field of grain, ruthlessly destroying everything in their path. Then after the war Reconstruction and negro rule came (48) What and where were the “Wayside Hospitals?” The “Wayside Hospitals” originated with the women of Columbia, but soon spread to every hamlet in the State. They dispensed to sick and wounded soldiers medicine, food banda¬ ges clothing, and any other supplies available. The ladies had these in readiness at railroad stations, on the highroads, on the trains and elsewhere. Among the number of noble women who worked so untiringly for the soldiers may be men¬ tioned Mrs. Sara Rowe, of Orangeburg, Miss Mary Ann Buie, of Aiken, Mrs. John Bryce, president of Wayside Hospital at Columbia. Mrs. John Fisher of Columbia. (49) Who was Mrs. Louisa Cheves McCord; and where was her home? Mrs. Louisa Cheves McCord was one of the noble women of the Confederacy who gave her all for the Confederate Cause, her especial interest was the South Carolina College hospital used for Confederate soldiers; her home was in Columbia, S. C. (50) When and where was the last meeting of the Confederate Cabinet? May 2nd, 1865; in Burt house, Abbeville, South Carolina. (51) What cabinet members were present? Jefferson Davis president; Judah P. Benjamin. Secretary of State; John C. Breckinridge, Secretary of war; S. R. Mallory, Secretary of Navy; John H. Reagan, postmaster general. (52) What Confederate generals were present at the same time and held a council of war with the cabinet? W. C. Breckinridge, Basil W. Duke, J. C. Vaughan, George C. Dibrell, S. W. Ferguson, Braxton Bragg.

12 (53) Name two war poets from South Carolina. Paul Hamilton Hayne, Henry Timrod. (54) Give titles of some of their calls to service, during the war. “Carolina,” “Charleston”, “A Cry to Arms”, by Timrod. “My Motherland,” “Stonewall Jackson,” by Hayne.

111.—HE( () \STRUCTIOX

(55) Show how Reconstruction was unjust to the South. South Carolina and the entire South intended to accept quietly the results of war, but of course had no intention of submitting to negro rule. All that her people wished to do, was to rehabilitate their devastated lands and rebuild their homes. It was cruel and unjust for victorious Congress to seek revenge, and to place it under military rule and negro domination. (56) Name our Reconstruction governors. B. F. Perry, Greenville, appointed Provisional Governor by President Andrew Johnson, May 1865-November 1865; J. L. Orr, Anderson, elected under Constitution framed by Conven¬ tion of l he people in 1865, served November 1865-June 1868; R. K. Scott, Ohio, elected according to Constitution of 1868, following orders issued in the Military District created by Pres. Grant, June 1868-December 1872; F. J. Moses, Jr., Sum¬ ter, S. C., December 1872-1874; D. H. Chamberlain, Massa- chussetts, December 187 4-March 1877. (57) Which Military District was the commonwealth of South Carolina called, and who was in charge of it? District No. 2; Major General Daniel Sickles, United States Army. (58) What did Judge A. P. Aldrich of the Circuit Couit say on receipt of the Federal order to dissolve the Court? He directed the sheriff: “Let the Court stand adjourned while justice is stifled.” (59) According to the Constitution of 186 8, who could vote? Every negro man had the right to vote, while whites who aided the Confederacy were barred. (60) Who was the “Carpet-bagger” in politics? An adventurer from the North, who exploited the South for personal gain and preferment. Their possessions were so meager that it was said that they brought all their belongings in a carpet bag. (61) What was the financial policy of the carpet-bag Govern¬ ment during the Reconstruction period? Fraudulent collection of taxes, issuing of bonds, personal graft. (62) What part did the negroes play? They served in Congress; half of the State legislature were ignorant negroes; many magistrates and minor officers were negroes; but on the whole the negro was the cat's paw of the carpet-bagger. The National Guard in South Carolina, consisted of negro militia. Perhaps, 40.000 were issued arms and uniforms.

13 (63) What secret society saved a civilization and made it pos¬ sible for white people to reside in the State? The Ku Klux Klan. ( G 4 ) Tell about this organization. It was an honorable body of Southern men, who would not bow to negro domination. Their foroears had fought and died to leave them homes and a heritage in the South and they determined these should not be foully wrested from them. Therefore, they organized to protect and defend their homes, to protect those who were defenseless, and to defend what was left of their property; which they did. (65) How was South Carolina redeemed in 1876 for home rule? Led by Wade Hampton, the Confederate soldier, with his son arose and formed an organization of native whites. This was commonly known as the “Red Shirt” movement. (66) Why was it so called? Decause a red ^hirt was the uniform of the South Carolina Democrats that year; its purpose being to put down negro rule. (67) What did the “Red Shirts” do? They elected a full white Democratic ticket for all public offices of the State. This “Red Shirt” Movement was the culminating stroke which severed the shackles binding the almost helpless populace. (See Note 1.) (68) What two triumvirates was conspicious during the period? Wade Hampton of Columbia, with his advisors, James Con¬ ner, of Charleston, and Johnson Hagood, of Barnwell and Butler, Haskell and Gary. They contributed largely to the redemption of the State by their counsel and advice. (09) What became of the Federal garrisons stationed in South Carolina? They were ordered withdrawn by President Hayes early in 187 7 after he had recognized the Hampton regime. After eight years of negro and Radical supremacy, backed by Fed¬ eral troops, South Carolina had overthrown the usurpers and taken posession of the government.

1 Note—After the Hamburg riot, the memers of the Sweet Water Salve Club, commanded by Captain A. P. Butler, were arrested and brought to Aiken for trial. The red shirt had been used in Mississippi in their struggle for white supre¬ macy and a General Ferguson from there had come to South Carolina to make some speeches. He told our people of its use. Also Senator George of Mississippi ad¬ vised the use of the red shirt, too, in writing to Colonel George D. Tillman. The latter now suggested the plan to Captain A. P. Butler; Butler and his men approv¬ ing of it. Butler gave the order for the shirts and he with his men appeared in them first. From that they spread over the State. F. W. P. Butler, of Columbia gave these facts in an article for “The State” newspaper and gives Captain A. P. Butler as the originator of the movement in South Carolina.

14 IV.—MISCELLANEOUS. (1) What was the cause of the War (briefly)? After the invention of the cotton gin great prosperity was given the South on account of free labor; the Tariff Acts of 1828, 1832, 1833, were unjust to agricultural States of the South and unconstitutional. Then the War with Mexico re¬ sulted in an unjust sharing of territorial possesions. Money in the Treasury was unjustly distributed. The election of Abraham Lincoln without an electoral vote from the South, and the continued violation of the slave trade law of 180 8 on the part of the North kept the two sections in constant fric¬ tion. The North feared lest the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 would increase the number of slave states, and the free- states were jealous lest the slave states would have greater power in Congress. (2) Was secession by the Southern States rebellion? No. Sovereign States cannot rebel. The South was stand¬ ing strictly by the Constitution. (3) Was it a War of Sections? No. The North did not fight the South, for brothers were arrayed against brothers in many cases. (4) Was it a Civil War? No. A civil war must be in one state between two parties in that state. (5) Was it a War Between the States? Yes. The non—seceding States of the United States made war upon the seceding states of the United States to force them back into the Union. (6) How many States organized the Confederacy? Name them. Seven. South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Finally, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee seceded. Missouri and Ken¬ tucky, also furnished troops. • f7) Who was responsible for the Andersonville horrors? The Federal Government. Because General Grant would not exchange prisoners and the North made medicine contra¬ band of war. (8) Who was John Brown and what was his fate? John Brown was a fanatical abolishonist of Kansas who tried to cause an insurrection among the negroes in Virginia to murder women and children. He was tried in the courts and hung in Virginia by his peers. (9) Which was the first state to legislate in favor of the Slave trade; which was the first to legislate against it? Massachusets; Virginia. (10) What and where is the Confederate Museum? The old home of Jefferson Davis, the “White House of the Confederacy,” Richmond, Va. (11) How is it now used? To preserve priceless relics of the Confederate period.

15 (12) Name a relic which is there. The Great Seal of the Confederacy. (13) Name eight great men of different periods of our State history. (1) Henry Laurens (statesman); (2) Charles C. Pinckney, (statesman); (3) Francis Marion, (soldier); (4) Col. Pierce M. Butler, (soldier, Palmetto Regt); (5) John C. Calhoun, statesman) (6) Robert Y. Hayne, (statesman); (7) General Wade Hampton, (soldier); (8) Henry Timrod, (poet). (14) Why should we want correct School Histories and Readers in the South? Because a very great many histories nad reference books now used in schools and libraries will condemn the South to infamy. As long as falsehoods remain within reach of the student all teaching to the conjtrary will be in vain. Omis¬ sions now in history do the South greater injustice than the commissions of history. The South simply asks justice and is willing to have books used which are just to the North as well as just to the South. (15) The soldiers of which State received first the mosit Medals of Honor in the World War, and how many were descendants of Confederate veterans? South Carolina. There were six, and five of them were descendants of Confederate veterans; (thus, “The brave give birth to the brave.”) (16) What is ithe United Daughters of the Confederacy (U. D. C.)? It is an organization of women, over eighteen years of age composed of widows, wives, mothers, sisters, nieces grand¬ nieces and lineal descendants of such men as served hon¬ orably in the Confederate Army, Navy, or Civil service or of those men unfit for active dulty who loyally gave aid to the cause; also Southern women who can give proof of personal service or loyal aid to the Southern cause during the war, and the lineal descendants and nieces of such women wherever living. Provision is made whereby a Northern woman may join “by adoption” if she is the widow of a Confederate veteran. (17) What is the Children of the Confederacy? (C. of C.) It is an organization of the descendants of Confederate vet¬ erans, who are under the age of 18 years, banded together to learn the true history of 1861-1865. (18) What are the objects of the two organizations? Memorial, historical, benevolent, educational and social. (19) Where can a short history of Confederate flags be obtain¬ ed and at what cost? At Confederate Museum. Price 25c. (20) AVhere is “Old Stone Church” (Presbyterian)? It is in Oconee County, near Clemson College. John C. Calhoun worshipped there, and many prominent South Caro¬ linians sleep their last sleep in its cemetery. (21) Where was the first Confederate monument erected in South Carolina? Cheraw, S. C. (22) What are some war inventions of South Carolinians? (1) First to suggest Floating Battery, Wm. Gilmore Simms. (2) First to make practical use of submarine in war. A good deal of experimenting on submarines had been carried on in other countries, before this itime. (3) Torpedo boats. (4) Marine signal telegraph invented by James Maud Elford of Charleston.

The following questions will be of interest for further study in reference given. ta) Was the War Between the States fought to hold the slaves? Give three proofs that it was not. —Rutherford’s Truths of History.

(b; Who was responsible for the slave trade—the North or the South? —Civilization of the Old South, Rutherford.

(c) When was the first Memorial Address delivered? By whom? Where? —Athens Memorial Banner.

(d) When and where did the Daughters of the Confederacy or¬ ganize? By whom? —Athens Memorial Banner.

(e) By whom organized into a united body? —Athens Memorial Banner. (f) Who suggested the U. D. C. pin? Who designed it? Who suggested the Cross of Honor? Who designed it? —Athens Memorial Banner. NATIVE SOUTH CAROLINIANS WHO WERE GENERAL

CONFEDERATE OFFICERS AND OFFICIALS OF

THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT

Lieutenant-Generals Richard H. Anderson, Army of Northern Virginia (1864). Stephen D. Lee, Army of Tennessee (1864). Wade Hampton, Army of Northern Virginia (1864). James Longstreet (appointed from Alabama), Army of Northern Virginia (1862). Daniel H. Hill (appointed from North Carolina), Army of North¬ ern Virginia (1862.) Major-Generals Benjamin Huger, Army of Northern Virginia (1861). David R. Jones (appointed from Georgia), Army of Northern Virginia (1862). Joseph B. Kershaw, Army of Northern Virginia (1864). M. C Butler,-Army of Northern Virginia (1864) P. M. B. Young, (appointed from Georgia), Army of Northern Virginia (1864). E. M. Law.. (1865). W. H. T. Walker.

Brigadier Generals Alpheus Baker (appointed from Alabama, 18 64 ). Barnard E. Bee (1861). Hamilton P. Bee (appointed from Texas, 1862). Pinckney D. Bowles, (appointed from Alabama, 1865). M. L. Bonham (1861) John Bratton (1864.) James Cantey (appointed from Alabama, 18 64). Ellison Capers (1865). James Chesnut (1863) James Conner (1864) Zachariah C. Deas appointed from Alabama, 1862). Thomas F. Drayton (1861). John Dunnovant (1864 ). Stephen Elliott, Jr. (1864 ) N. G. Evans (1861) S. W. Ferguson (appointed from Mississippi, 1863 ) M. W. Gary, Army of Northern Virginia (1864). States Rights Gist (1862) A. H. Gladden (appointed from Louisiana, 1861). D. C. Govan, (appointed for Arkansas, 1864). Maxcy Gregg (1861). Johnson Hagood (1862). Micah Jenkins (1862) John D. Kennedy (1864). A. R. Lawton , (appointed from Georgia, 1861). T. M. Logan (1865). Robert Lowry, (appointed from Mississippi, 1863 ). A. M. Manigault, (1863) Samuel McGowan, 18 63) Lucius B. Northrop (1864) Abner Perrin (1863). John S. Preston (1861.) R. R. Ross, (appointed from Tennessee). John C. C. Sanders, (appointed form Alabama, 1864) C. H. Stevens (1864) J. H. Trapier (1861) J. B. Villepigue (1862) W. H. Wallace (1864). Thomas N. Waul (appointed from Texas, 1863) L. T. Wigfall (appointed from Texas 1861).

In the Cabinet of President Davis

Christopher G. Memminger, first Secretary of Treasury, Charles¬ ton. G. A. Trenholm, second Secretary of Treasury. Lewis Cruger, Comptroller and Soliciter.

Members of Military Staff of President Davis

James Chesnut, A. D. C. P. R. Lubbock (appointed from Texas). John M. Huger.

War Department.

A. C. Myers, first quartermaster-general. A. R. Lawton, second quartermaster-general. Lucius B. Northrop, first commissary-general. T. S. Rhett, bureau of ordinance. Samuel P. Moore, surgeon-general. John S. Preston, bureau of conscription. CHAMBERS PRINTING COMPANY

CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. C.