All roads lead to market integration. Lessons from a spatial analysis of the wheat market in 18th century .

Alexandra L. Cermeño and Carlos Santiago-Caballero

Working Papers in Economic History 2020-02

ISSN: 2341-2542

Serie disponible en http://hdl.handle.net/10016/19600

Web: http://portal.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/instituto_figuerola

Correo electrónico: [email protected]

Creative Commons Reconocimiento- NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 ES)

All roads lead to market integration. Lessons from a spatial analysis of the wheat market in 18th century Spain.1

Alexandra L. Cermeño (Lund University)2

Carlos Santiago-Caballero (Universidad Carlos III) 3

ABSTRACT

This paper uses newly collected data from a large-scale census (Catastro de la Ensenada) to investigate the scale and causes of market integration in eighteenth century Spain. We use wheat prices observed in more than 5,200 municipalities to analyse the local spatial dependence of prices. We detect several regional clusters in the centre and coasts but find that these were not integrated with each other. We then investigate the first nature, second nature, and demand side determinants of these clusters and find that although geographical constrains like terrain roughness play a negatively significant role, the transportation network allowed connected municipalities to alleviate such obstacles. Our results suggest that unfavourable geographical conditions can be overcome by investments in transportation infrastructures.

Keywords: Early modern, market integration, grain markets, prices, geography.

1 Declarations of interest: none. 2 Email: [email protected]. Department of Economic History. Lund University Box 7083. 220 07 Lund, Sweden. 3 Email: [email protected]. Department of Social Sciences. Universidad Carlos III . Calle Madrid, 126 . (Madrid) Spain CP: 28903. Funding from the project “Experiencias históricas en la formación de áreas monetarias.” by Fundación Ramón Areces is acknowledged.

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1. Introduction

As states rose, so did markets. The complex relationship between state-building and the development of markets has been analysed in depth by authors like Epstein, who argued that as European countries consolidated and centralised their power, the subsequent reduction of transportation and transaction costs allowed the rise of domestic markets weakening the power of traditional monopolies (Epstein, 2000). Differences in the nature of this relationship in European economies explains in part, according to Epstein, the different paths of growth that they followed and processes like the Little Divergence. The extent to which political centralisation and nationalism translates into economic integration also reflects the ability of political elites to overcome the traditional barriers to the creation of a domestic market (Miladinovic, 2019). However, while the centralization of political power in eighteenth century Spain is well accepted, the existence of a highly integrated market is a more controversial debate in Spanish economic history. Were Spanish absolutist monarchs of the time able to use their political power to create a fully integrated domestic market?

Following Epstein’s line of reasoning, the answer to the previous question would have long-lasting effects in the performance of the Spanish economy. There is a consensus in the traditional literature around the idea that the domestic market became integrated by mid-19th century thanks to the transport revolution and the effect of the railroads (Sánchez Albornoz, 1974, 1975, and Peña and Sánchez Albornoz, 1983, 1984).However, more recent studies suggest that the Spanish economy was already relatively well integrated in the mid-eighteenth century (Llopis Agelán and Sotoca López, 2005), and that integration levels during the eighteenth century were in fact higher than those achieved in later periods (Llopis and Agelán and Jeréz Méndez, 2001). Similarly, Reher (2001) argues that economic integration levels in preindustrial Spain were low, but that they increased during the eighteenth century as proved by the reduction in the volatility of prices over time. Grafe (2011) supported the existence of well integrated markets at regional levels, but rejected the existence of a national market in Spain in the eighteenth century. Regarding the sources behind increasing market integration, the most recent literature has highlighted the role of transports, especially the distance to the transport network reducing price differentials between markets (Schulze and Wolf, 2012; Federico and Sharp, 2013) as well as the importance of flows of information (Gao and Lei, 2019). This paper analyses the levels of economic integration in mid-eighteenth century Spain, following the revisionist hypothesis that this was a period of relatively high integration, and assesses the role played by the transportation network. For this purpose, we study wheat prices from the Crown of Castile, at the level of municipalities available from the Catastro de la Ensenada, a territory that represented around 80 percent of current Spain.

We analyse the prices of wheat for over 5,200 municipalities and test for their spatial autocorrelation using Local Moran’s Indexes and Getis-Ord statistics which identify patterns on the similarity of data across space. Our results are congruent with the revisionist literature and we find well integrated clusters at the regional level which are not, however, well integrated at the national level. To further investigate the reasons of the regional integration and global dis-integration, we calculate the prices’ coefficients of variation on a random sample of municipalities and those within the 50 km buffer from

2 them. We then test econometrically which geographic and market variables had an impact on this pattern using Ordinary Least Squares and Two Stage Least Squares regressions, and explore the need to adjust for spatial interactions using Spatial Auto Regressive models. We find that these patterns are heavily influenced by geographic variables, but also that the road network developed and used by travellers and tradesmen helped market integration and helped to soften the negative effects of geographical barriers.

The paper proceeds by presenting our data sources in Section 2. We explain our methodology in Section 3. Section 4 describes our results and examines drivers of the patterns. We finally conclude in Section 5.

2. Sources and data This paper uses the information from the municipal manuscripts that were created for each municipality in the Cadastre de la Ensenada. The Cadastre was a monumental work carried out during the reign of Fernando VI, whose main purpose was the estimation of wealth for the introduction of a new tax, the única contribución (single tax), to finance the increasing expenditures of the monarchy. The tax had to be paid by each municipality in the Crown of Castile and the estimation of the exact amount to be paid was based on the location’s wealth and a set of objective criteria.4 For that purpose, an army of some 1,000 judges and 90,000 local experts was mobilised to measure every plot of land, count every tree and measure the wealth of every single family liable to pay to the Crown. A significant share of the enormous amount of documentation produced during the process has survived, putting at the disposal of researchers a unique source for the study of eighteenth century Spain. In our case, we consulted the Respuestas Generales or General answers, a questionnaire that the authorities of each municipality had to fill in. We concentrated especially on the questions related to local prices and units of measurement. The most important information that we extracted from the books of the Cadastre was the price of wheat at municipal level. We used the price of wheat to measure spatial economic integration, mainly because of its availability in practically all the municipalities and also for its common use to measure pre industrial market integration in the literature (for example, see Persson, 1999). For the construction of our dataset, we individually consulted the books of 5,271 municipalities, all the locations with information on prices and local units of measurement in the Cadastre.5 Question 14 in the questionnaire inquired about a list of the prices of the main items produced in each municipality and is the one from where we extracted the prices of wheat. However, although the currency was common (reales), there was a high regional diversity of measures determining volume or weight. We used the information contained in Question 9 of the books where the local authorities had to describe the units of measurement that they used in their municipality and from that we standardised all the prices in reales per fanega. Other

4 Although the Basque Regions were part of the Crown, they were not included in the Cadastre as they had a special taxation system. 5 Manuscript books with the general answers can be found in the Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada and accessed in http://pares.mcu.es/Catastro/ A list and graphic description with all the included municipalities can be found in the appendix.

3 necessary information from the same books and from alternative sources was used in a smaller sample of locations used in our econometric analysis, presented and explained in detail in the specification of the different models in the following section.

3. Methodology We start our analysis by exploring the geographical distribution of wheat grain prices in the Crown of Castile, graphical representation is very useful to observe potential geographical patterns or clusters. The level of detail in this dataset (municipality) is adequate to observe how local prices affect or are affected by nearby markets and provide a chance to empirically demonstrate whether and how the Spanish market was integrated. Thus, we perform a spatial autocorrelation analysis using local indicators of spatial association (LISA) on our municipal wheat prices, more precisely the Local Moran’s Index (I).6 This indicator of spatial association measures the incidence of spatial autocorrelation among adjacent and distant geographical locations based on a set of distance predefined criteria (i.e., neighboring matrixes). Global measures summarize the spatial autocorrelation in the sample, but local spatial indicators disentangle the correlation by geographical unit offering a value for each observation (municipalities in our case). The particularity of these local statistics is that they enable to graphically represent the spatial autocorrelations of prices and their significance levels. More than this, LISA indicators offer information about the values at which the correlations are significant, thus informing about the existence of high and low wheat price clusters.

After we explore the clusters in the market of wheat using the historical prices, we investigate the potential drivers of our results. In this section, we are forced to select a smaller sample of municipalities due to data restrictions, as there are no historical records available for all the municipalities in the Crown. We use a sample of 352 municipalities geographically scattered across the Crown of Castile territory that were randomly selected following Santiago-Caballero (2013a). The included municipalities range from coast to mountain, passing through the large internal plateaus, fertile valleys around the main rivers. The sample is not just geographically spread, but also contains diversity in socio-economic terms ranging from large urban centres to small rural villages and covers around 20 percent of the territory of the Crown of Castile. Figure 1 presents the population and sample municipalities.

6 We also used alternative estimators like the Getis-Ord statistic (Local G). The specification of the estimator and the results are presented in the appendices.

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Figure 1. Population and sample of municipalities

Using this sample, we are able to gather a set of variables to assess the centripetal and centrifugal forces of market integration at municipal level. We present the descriptive statistics of these variables in Table 1. A good proxy of market integration is the variation of prices. Thus, we compute the coefficient of variation of the historical wheat prices of the selected municipalities and their neighbours whose centroid fall within their 50 km buffer zone, following Santiago-Caballero (2013a).7 Based on recent evidence, early modern pre industrial markets usually mattered to the hinterland up to 50 km (Cermeño and Enflo, 2019). Llopis and Sotoca (2007) confirm that trade in preindustrial Spain took place mostly within small distances. To allow for a more intuitive interpretation of our variable Integration, we estimated it as the logarithm of the inverse of the coefficient of variation for each municipality in the sample and their neighbours within a 50 km radius. Therefore, when there is less variation in the nearby prices, market integration is higher and our variable also takes higher values.

7 Integration=1/(CV) = 1((Standard Deviation / Mean) * 100).

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Table 1: Descriptive statistics of sample variables

Mean SD Min Max Dependent variable Integration (log CV) 1.012 0.177 0.399 1.454 First nature variables Altitude (m) 628 272 61 1232 Roughness (m) 39.8 33.8 5.6 137.6 Coast dummy 0.12 0.33 0.00 1.00 Distance to river in km 10.5 14.5 0.001 87.7 Second nature variables Road dummy 0.45 0.50 0 1 Distance to road in km 24.0 36.7 0.0 173.1 Market variables Yields 7.58 2.88 1.89 19.21 Price 17.57 3.23 11.67 28.82 Market potential (log) 3.52 0.36 1.75 4.23 Distance to Madrid in km 261 126 29.8 516 Number of municipalities 352 Notes: estimations using data from Catastro de la Ensenada

We then use Integration as a dependent variable in a regression to explore the determinants of the clusters of the market in the mid-18th century. Table 1 shows that the mean variation of prices in our 352 municipalities and their 50 km buffer zones is around ten percent (10^1.012), but there are large variations among observations. To study the determinants of these variations we use the following baseline equation:

(1)

Geography has been considered one of the main obstacles to economic integration in preindustrial Spain (Grafe, 2011). Therefore, among the first nature factors that may impact market integration in this context, we consider several geographical variables that describe the municipalities' endowments. We include the log average altitude of all the municipalities within a distance of 50 kilometres around each observation, and measured roughness as their coefficient of variation. As shown in the descriptive statistics table, our sample’s mean altitude is very close to the average altitude in Spain (600 metres over the sea level) and the raggedness range of the sample terrain is ample (6 to 138 m). We expect both variables to be negatively correlated with market integration as they would, in principle, increase transport costs. We also include a dummy for those municipalities by the coast (12% of our sample) which can significantly enable trade and cabotage, and their log distance to rivers.

We also considered that market forces could have an impact in economic integration. For that reason, determinants related to the market both from the supply and demand side are also a part of our model. On the supply side, we estimate the average yields of wheat using the information from

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Questions 9, 10 and 12 contained in books of the Cadastre for each location. Question 10 included a list of how the land was used and the areas that were dedicated to each cultivated item. Question 12 included information of the yields of the cultivated products depending on the quality of the land. As in the case of our estimation of prices, the existence of different regional units of measurement that also existed in the case of surface made necessary adjustments to obtain standardised yields. Once again, we use the information from Question 9, as surface units were usually put in terms of Castilian varas which allows us to estimate yields of wheat in quintals per hectare for the whole sample.

Demand or Boserupian forces are also taken into account to include the effect that demand-side incentives could have in the development of the market. High prices could act as incentive to integrate, as it would encourage producers to sell part of their output to the market. We estimate the average price for each 50 km buffer zone of our sample observations. Another important demand factor is the market potential faced by each location. As an alternative to population density, following Kopsidis and Wolf (2012) we estimate market potential as the sum or the potential urban demand weighted by the distance to each municipality in the sample.8 We expect both price and urban market potential to be positively correlated with market integration for the reasons described above. Further, we include distance to Madrid as an important market variable affecting agglomeration and market integration, since Madrid was the main market at the time, Ringrose (1983).

As the railroad did in the nineteenth century, investments to improve the transport network could have been used to overcome the geographical obstacles in the eighteenth century. Therefore, besides first nature geographic endowments, second nature variables such as manmade communication networks that can affect market integration were also included in our analysis. We expect that well connected municipalities would experience larger trade flows and, consequently, higher market integration. The role of roads requires a detailed analysis given their vital importance in Spain’s domestic trade. Low rainfall levels in most of the country and its geography meant that internal transport relied on land transportation, and that the availability of navigable rivers and canals was very limited.

If in the sixteenth century the road network in Spain had reached 19,000 kilometres, by the early eighteenth century it had been reduced to not more than 11,000. In the same way the number of bridges and ferries also dwindled as a consequence of the lack of maintenance and poor investments. (Uriol, 2003:61). However, the network did not just lack size but also quality. Most of the roads in the early eighteenth century were not paved. Dust in the summer and mud in winter made them impracticable for long periods of time.9

8 We considered urban centers to be locations with more than 3,000 inhabitants. 9 This situation was well known by policymakers, as were their effects in the Spanish economy. The eighteenth century marked an inflexion point, when investments resumed putting a special emphasis in the use of wagons instead of backpack animals. Leonardo Ward, an envoy of Carlos III sent to analyse the efficiency of the Spanish network wrote that: “Six animals can carry more weight in a wagon than twelve on their backs, and in a good road maybe only four of them are needed … so we can see that the cost of transporting our goods through land

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The improvements in the network included the transformation of old roads to new ones able to accommodate the use of wagons and also included construction works like the bridge of Toledo in the capital to connect Madrid with the south of Castile and the large urban centres of . The connections with the north also improved with the works ordered by Fernando VI like the new path opened through the mountains of with the Alto del León, a paved pass that was finished in 1749 and connected the capital with the grain producing regions of Old Castile. The construction of better roads took place at the same time as the network was extended, and it is collected in “Itinerario Español”, Matías Escribano’s travel guide from 1758 that already included 12,500 kilometres. This publication describes the roads and the travel times from origin to destination of the paths that were commonly used by travellers. To measure the effect of these man-made roads which, in many cases were initially started as informal pathways, we have digitised this network using ArcGIS and calculated the shortest straight-line distance from our municipalities (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Places and cartwheel pathways in the mid-18th century

We use these variables and study their effect on market integration in several specifications using Ordinary Least Squares, Two Stage Least Squares, and test whether Spatial Autoregressive Models

can be reduced to one third, and therefore, the peasant that is 45 leagues away from the sea will have the same advantage than the one that is 15 leagues away, and it is easy to understand how this would help us to develop our agriculture, commerce and circulation Uriol (1978)

8 are more appropriate for this analysis given the found clustering patterns in the market. Next section presents these results.

4. Results

4.1. Descriptive maps

Figure 3 presents the geographical distribution of wheat prices in reales per fanega in the municipalities of the Crown of Castile included in our sample. The highest prices are located in the north-west of the country in the region of and in the coasts. We also observe clusters of high prices around large cities like Madrid and the north of Extremadura close to Portugal.

Figure 3: Price of wheat in the mid-18th century by decile (reales per fanega)

Source: Estimations from the Cadastre de la Ensenada.

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The lowest prices can be systematically found in the provinces of Old Castile, especially those areas traditionally considered the granary of Spain characterised by large plains were the cultivation of grain was dominant and that were also able to reap higher yields than most of the country (Santiago- Caballero, 2013b). The highest prices correspond to areas surrounding large urban centres like Madrid and also the areas located near the coast that were also densely populated. To check the role played by supply and demand forces we used the information from the Censo de Frutos y Manufacturas of 1799, a survey where information regarding grain production, population and prices is provided at regional level. Figure 4 confirms that the differences between supply and demand help to explain the different signs of the integration clusters. The grain producing regions of Old Castile that enjoy a clear net surplus of wheat present lower prices than those regions more densely populated where the production of wheat was smaller.10

Figure 4: Wheat Prices vs Net Wheat Production per Head

Source: Calculations from the Censo de Frutos y Manufacturas (Polo y Catalina, 1803)

This is not a surprising result and shows that regions with a net surplus of wheat enjoyed lower prices, while those with a net deficit had higher prices. We should also take into account that in the provinces of the northern coast like Galicia maize was the dominant grain while its penetration in the rest of the country was limited due to environmental reasons. It is in maize producing areas where wheat prices reach the highest prices of the sample, probably given its low production. Excluding these provinces from the analysis reinforces the results previously presented and shows that in the areas

10 Net wheat production was estimated as the production of wheat per head after subtracting the estimated consumption of wheat per head of the population in the region. Therefore, it can be understood as the surplus or deficit in wheat production of each province. We assumed an average consumption of six fanegas per person following Simpson (1989).

10 where wheat was the dominant grain in both production and consumption, the differences between supply and demand help to explain most of the differences in prices, even when we include in our sample the provinces from the rest of mainland Spain.11

As explained above, we can estimate the levels of spatial autocorrelation for each one of the municipalities included in the study Figures 5 and 6 present the levels of spatial autocorrelation using the Local Moran Statistic calibrated with a distance of 100 kilometres.12 Figure 5 presents the municipalities in the sample that present spatial autocorrelation at different confidence levels, while Figure 6 adds to the previous if the correlation takes place at high or low prices. Additionally, Figure 6 also includes outliers where Low-High represents municipalities with low prices close to clusters of high prices and High-Low reveals locations with high prices close to clusters of low prices.

Figure 5: Local Moran p-values

Source: estimates from the Cadastre de la Ensenada

11 The results for the whole of Spain are presented in Table 4 in the Appendix. 12 Different distance cutt-offs and were used and the results identified the same regional integration clusters. We also estimated the results using the Queen contiguity criterion that repeats the exercise with the neighbours of each municipality with identical results.

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Figure 6: Spatial correlation of wheat prices (Local Moran)

Source: estimates from the Cadastre de la Ensenada

Our results suggest that in the mid-18th century large parts of the Crown of Castile’s wheat market were already spatially integrated. Firstly, we observe a high level of spatial autocorrelation in the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts where prices were high. The other clusters of spatial integration at high prices were located around large urban centres like Madrid, Seville and the north of Extremadura. The largest dominant cluster of spatial integration at low prices could be found in the large grain producing regions of Old Castile mentioned above. A smaller cluster at low prices was identified in the southern plateau and corresponds with the fertile areas in Cordoba where the production of grains occupied an overwhelming amount of land (Ontiveros, 1970).

Our results support most of the findings of the revisionist literature that have studied integration levels using the evolution of price series over time. The large cluster that we identified in Old Castile was also described by Llopis Agelán and Jerez Méndez (2001) who using time series analysis for a smaller sample of locations showed high levels of economic integration between different cities in the region. We also confirm the findings by Grafe (2011) or Chilosi et al. (2013) who using series of prices pointed out the existence of high integration levels in the coast.

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The existence of large clusters integrated at different price levels that are geographically very close to each other, reveal the difficulties that existed to integrate areas of the country despite their proximity. Our results show that the grain producing areas of Old Castile were not able to export their surplus to their neighbours in the northern coast. The literature has supported the idea that the wheat from the interior was not able to reach the northern coast where imports from other countries were necessary (Ringrose (1983:178). The same behaviour is also observed in the eastern coast, where imports from Mediterranean producers like Sicily covered a significant share of the consumption (Palop Ramos, 1977). The lack of connection between grain producers in the interior and densely populated areas of the coast help to explain the integration clusters that we observe in our results. While most of the wheat surplus produced in Old Castile remained in the area integrating it at low prices, the high demand in the coast had to be met by international trade that integrated the regions in the coast at high prices.

Analysing our data in a global perspective, more than half of the municipalities included in our study present a high level of spatial integration, a fact revealed by the value of the Global Moran’s I that suggests a high average spatial dependence.13 On the other hand, the existence of large areas integrated at both high and low prices reveals that this economic integration had a clear regional character and that strong internal barriers existed, as also described by Grafe (2011).

4.2 Determinants of integration

What were the main barriers to economic integration in eighteenth century Spain? The first usual suspect highlighted by the literature is geography. Spain is the country with the second highest average altitude in Europe second only to Switzerland. While the country is dominated by two large plateaus in the interior, it is also crossed by large mountain chains. Low rainfall levels in most Spanish regions also explain the lack of large navigable rivers that could counterbalance the negative effects of geography. Therefore, until the appearance of the railroad in the nineteenth century, the country could only rely on the efficiency of its road network. In the following section we explore the importance of first and second nature variables explaining the different levels of market integration across the territory, and also the role that was played by other variables related to market size.

Table 2 shows the main results of our analysis. At a first glance we confirm our expectations with regards to the role of geography. We find that in both specifications of the OLS, altitude and, in particular, roughness negatively impact integration of pre industrial markets. We seem to find no significant evidence of impact of coast or rivers, perhaps adding to the difficulties that natural barriers such as mountainous masses and absence of navigable rivers create on the accessibility of specific geographical areas, and consistently with the regional clusters described in the previous section.

13 See Figure 7 in the Appendix.

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Table 2: Regression analysis coefficients using OLS and 2SLS

Panel 1: OLS Panel 2: 2SLS (1) (2) (3) (4) First nature Altitude -0.17* -0.12** -0.06 0.05 (0.097) (0.059) (0.10) (0.10) Roughness -0.18*** -0.20*** -0.11 -0.08 (0.055) (0.052) (0.08) (0.08) Coast -0.007 -0.015 -0.05 -0.05 (0.035) (0.035) (0.00) (0.05) Km to river -0.000 0.000 0.005 0.005 (0.002) (0.002) (0.003) (0.003) Second nature Km to road -0.004* -0.042*** (0.002) (0.01) Road dummy 0.38 0.43*** (0.687) (0.10) Market Km to Madrid -0.032** -0.034** 0.016 -0.008 (0.015) (0.016) (0.029) (0.029) Market Potential 0.068*** 0.068*** 0.004 0.019 (0.023) (0.0237) (0.04) (0.04) Price 0.69*** 0.70*** 1.26*** 1.07** (0.192) (0.194) (0.33) (0.31) Yields -0.087 -0.070 -0.08 -0.11 (0.069) (0.061) (0.09) (0.09)

Constant 0.89** 0.75** -0.29 -0.25 (0.390) (0.299) (0.57) (0.57) Number of observations 352 352 352 352 R-squared 0.11 0.12 Cragg–Donald wald 20.5 16.4 F-statistic (first stage) Sargan J-statistic of 9.5 11.0 instrument independence This table presents the estimates of the OLS and 2SLS regression that measures the impact of First nature, Second nature and market variables on Integration (the inverse of the coefficient of variation of prices for the municipalities within 50 km buffer of each observation), following Equation (1). All the variables are in logarithm except the dummies for Coast and Road. Columns (1) and (2) in Panel 1 present the OLS coefficients and columns (3) and (4) in Panel 2 present the 2SLS results using distance to the roman roads and current rainfall for each 50 km cluster. Cragg–Donaldson Wald F- statistic from the first stage of the 2SLS and Sargan’s J-statistic reporting on the validity of instruments are reported at the bottom of the table. Robust standard errors reported in parentheses. Statistical significance denoted by p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

However, our second nature variables OLS coefficients are mildly disappointing since they show small effects of roads on integration. More specifically, column (1) suggests that a municipality being a 10% (some 2.4 km) further from the cartwheel pathway will lead to a 0.4% decrease in terms of integration, while a municipality with direct access to a road is affected by a mere 3.4% higher market integration. There is reason to believe that the cartwheel pathways described in “Itinerario” and

14 represented in Figure 2 may suffer from reverse causation. As described by the source, many of these paths were informally created by the repeated use of the travellers: one can think that these pathways would never exist if there was no reason to go from one municipality to another. Likewise, local markets could have emerged once they were connected to the road network. We believe that the random sampling of our municipalities avoids the potential problems of reverse causation. However, we understand the potential concerns about endogeneity and intend to address the issue resorting to an instrumental variable strategy.

Based on the evidence from recent research arguing in favour of persistence of the Roman road network on transportation infrastructure, economic activity like Daalgard et al. (2018), and even on market integration, like Flueckiger et al. (2019), we use the availability and distance from our municipalities to the Roman roads network as an instrument for our cartwheel pathways. Despite the argued persistence, and the assumption that cartwheel pathways were easier to arise where there was a previous route, we find that our 18th century road network corresponds to the Roman network only by 16%. Indeed, several of the efforts made by the Romans in the Iberian Peninsula did not persist through the 18th century.14 Although, both networks naturally connect many main cities, distance to both networks varies radically for many of our municipalities. Thus, we argue that the ancient Roman roads do not necessarily affect the integration of the markets in the Crown of Castile. For a graphical comparison of both networks, see Figure A1 in the Appendix. Following, Miguel et al. (2004) we also use the level of rainfall across our different municipalities provided by the Spanish National Meteorological Agency (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (2005) as an additional instrument which could determine the quality and amount of our cartwheel pathways but not necessarily the level of market integration.

Columns (3) and (4) show the results of an analogous analysis using 2SLS with distance to the Roman roads and rainfall municipal levels as instruments for availability (3) and distance to 18th century roads (4) from our municipalities. First of all, the table shows that the first stage is strong and the instrument is valid according to the F-statistics and J-statistics reported in the table. Compared to OLS, we observe that the effect of the roads is now certainly much more important, implying that municipalities having direct access to the road network are 166% (100,426-1) more integrated than remote ones. We are also revealed that, once the effect of the roads is properly measured, the coefficients for the first nature variables, altitude and roughness become insignificant. Therefore, when roads take into account possible endogeneity problems such as reverse causality, we observe that municipalities with access to the road network were able to overcome the obstacles imposed by geography, diminishing part of the effect of demand side variables as well. This result supports the ideas presented by Santiago-Caballero (2009) in eighteenth century Spain, suggesting that the benefits of the road network reducing price volatility was higher in those areas where the time to walk one league, used as a proxy of the difficulty of the terrain, was longer. As Grafe (2013) also pointed out, although we do believe that a disadvantageous geography played a significant role in

14 According to several sources the main motivation behind the Roman roads were military (Daalgard et al., 2018). These are entirely different to the spontaneous rise of our cartwheel pathways, mainly motivated by local economic reasons.

15 explaining the lack of a larger market in eighteenth century Spain, we also observe evidence supporting that the road network was able to reduce the negative effects of geographical constraints.

However, given the radial shape of the road network we feared that the coefficients might have been affected by spatial autocorrelation. Consistent to this and the previous cluster analysis, the 2SLS results motivate a further test that controls for spatial dependence. Recall that local autocorrelation indicators (LISA) were reported for prices in all municipalities within the Castilian territory, and we now have a sample of 351 municipalities for an integration coefficient that summarizes their neighbours within the 50 km band. Not surprisingly, Global Moran’s statistics (I) for the sample variables indicate that all the variables are significantly spatially correlated (see Table 5/Figure 7 in the Appendix). Thus, we decided to test for spatial dependence in our previous results.

Table 3: Diagnostic tests for spatial dependence

Test Statistic df p-value Spatial error: Moran's I 0.002 1 0.998 Lagrange multiplier 0.001 1 0.978 Robust Lagrange multiplier 0.011 1 0.915

Spatial lag: Lagrange multiplier 0.286 1 0.593 Robust Lagrange multiplier 0.297 1 0.586 Notes: Diagnostic test for spatial dependence in OLS regression residuals using an inverse weights distance matrix with a cut-off of 100 km. Alternative matrixes have been tested leading to different results but similar conclusions. Statistical significance denoted by p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

Table 3 shows that despite the variable statistical autocorrelation, we can ensure that the previous OLS/2SLS specifications take good care of the spatial correlations on their own. As shown in the table, there is no evidence of spatial autocorrelation in the residuals, since the Moran’s I is very small and insignificant. More than this, the Lagrange Multiplier tests for both lag and error dependence are insignificant, implying that the OLS/2SLS is the most plausible strategy. Additionally, both spatial coefficients (rho in the Spatial Lag Model and lambda in the Spatial Error Model) and their standard errors presented in Table 6 in the appendix imply that adjusting for the spatial weights matrix brings no improvement to our previous strategy.

5. Conclusions

Defining the moment when the Spanish market became fully integrated is crucial to explain its long- term economic performance. The traditional literature argued that it was not until the nineteenth century, with the introduction of the railroad, that markets became integrated in Spain. The reasons for the delay were the difficulties imposed by geography and the lack of efficient transportation

16 alternatives to roads like canals and navigable rivers. However, a revisionist literature pointed out that by the eighteenth century, Spain had already reached significant levels of market integration. Our study builds up within this historiographical debate using alternative data and methods to the typically used in the literature. We focus on the analysis of a large cross-section of local level wheat price observations and study their spatial autocorrelation instead of focusing on convergence and covariance of price time series.

Our approach is therefore different in the kind of evidence that it can provide and in the level of detail that we can present in geographical terms. Although we can only analyse integration levels in a snapshot, the high geographical coverage and the size of our sample allows us to identify clusters of spatial integration of prices in a level of detail that could not be achieved with a smaller number of locations. We extracted information from more than 5,200 books from the Cadastre de la Ensenada, a survey carried out at municipal level in mid-eighteenth century Spain. Our results show that taken globally, spatial integration levels were very high, but also that a detailed analysis of the data reveals the existence of regional integration clusters that are not connected with each other. Therefore, we reject the existence of a national market and support the results of previous research suggesting the existence of well integrated regional markets. The nature and scope of our data also allowed us to study if the clusters were integrated at high or low prices. In this sense, we identified a large regional cluster integrated at low prices that corresponds to the grain producing regions of Old Castile. The main clusters integrated at high prices were located around large urban areas like Madrid and in coastland regions. The lack of integration between these clusters explain why they are integrated at different price levels, as the oversupply of grain from Old Castile could not reach peripheral markets reducing local prices, while urban and coastland densely populated areas could not access to the production of the interior and had to rely on international imports, explaining both the high integration along the coast and the high prices. We then explore the drivers of the regional integration and global disintegration and show that, at least partially, the transportation network available in mid-18th century Spain helped overcome the negative role of its geography allowing regional clusters to integrate, however these regional clusters were locked in probably until the arrival of the steam engine when Spain could become a nationally integrated market.

These results provide evidence in favour of the revisionist literature and are crucial to the understanding of the patterns and drivers of market integration. The case of mid-18th century Spain illustrates that unfavourable nature can be overcome by infrastructures, providing useful insights for policymakers who can conclude that even when facing negative geographical endowments, investment in transportation infrastructures can lead to market integration.

17

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Methodological appendix

The local estimator of Moran’s (I) statistic for municipality i is estimated using the following equation:

(2)

Where Zi is the original value of the variable xi in the standardised form.

(3)

wij are the weights that correspond in the spatial matrix that take value 1 when the municipality is within a defined distance from the municipality analysed and 0 otherwise.

The second statistic that we used in our study is the local G Getis-Ord, that is defined by the following equation:15

(4)

Where wij(d) is a symmetrical spatial weights matrix (1/0) with value 1 for those municipalities located within a distance “d” from municipality i and 0 otherwise, including the value for municipality I where:

(5)

The numerator of equation 3 is the sum of all the xj within distance “d” from municipality I excluding its own value. The denominator is the sum of all the xj excluding xi.

15 For a more detailed explanation on these technical issues, check Getis and Ord (1992)

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We estimated these indicators using GEODA, a spatial analysis software package developed by the spatial economist Luc Anselin, which offers the possibility to graphically represent the estimated results. The shapefiles available for the application are only for current territories, and the software cannot handle missing observations, so we had to create our own shapefile for the territory belonging to the Crown of Castile.

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Appendix Table 4: Wheat production, prices, 1799

Wheat Wheat Net Net Price Population Production Needed Wheat Wheat pc Álava 429.862 72 67.523 405.138 24.724 0,37 Aragón 3.013.895 55 657.376 3.944.256 -930.361 -1,42 110.423 53 364.238 2.185.428 -2.075.005 -5,70 Ávila 494.314 40 118.061 708.366 -214.052 -1,81 Burgos 1.863.770 40 470.588 2.823.528 -959.758 -2,04 Cataluña 976.191 57 858.818 5.152.908 -4.176.717 -4,86 Córdoba 1.254.954 40 252.028 1.512.168 -257.214 -1,02 Cuenca 1.732.961 34 294.290 1.765.740 -32.779 -0,11 Extremadura 1.168.415 50 428.493 2.570.958 -1.402.543 -3,27 Galicia 328.874 48 1.142.630 6.855.780 -6.526.906 -5,71 Granada 1.134.482 46 692.924 4.157.544 -3.023.062 -4,36 Guadalajara 449.072 55 121.115 726.690 -277.618 -2,29 Guipúzcoa 289.020 40 104.491 626.946 -337.926 -3,23 Jaén 1.293.130 38 206.807 1.240.842 52.288 0,25 León 726.464 42 239.812 1.438.872 -712.408 -2,97 Madrid 428.346 37 228.520 1.371.120 -942.774 -4,13 La Mancha 903.660 50 205.548 1.233.288 -329.628 -1,60 Murcia 523.644 62 383.226 2.299.356 -1.775.712 -4,63 Navarra 1.343.474 25 221.728 1.330.368 13.106 0,06 Palencia 892.166 30 118.064 708.384 183.782 1,56 1.298.120 22 209.988 1.259.928 38.192 0,18 Segovia 1.119.833 47 164.007 984.042 135.791 0,83 Sevilla 2.024.390 45 476.221 2.857.326 -832.936 -1,75 Soria 2.315.200 30 198.107 1.188.642 1.126.558 5,69 Toledo 1.587.636 60 370.641 2.223.846 -636.210 -1,72 Toro 725.364 38 97.370 584.220 141.144 1,45 Valencia 1.601.246 56 825.059 4.950.354 -3.349.108 -4,06 Valladolid 908.451 30 187.390 1.124.340 -215.889 -1,15 Vizcaya 231.531 71 111.436 668.616 -437.085 -3,92 Zamora 322.963 33 71.401 428.406 -105.443 -1,48 Mallorca 486.666 66 140.699 844.194 -357.528 -2,54 Source: Estimates from Censo de Frutos y Manufacturas

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Figure 7: Global Moran’s I

Source: estimates from the Cadastre de la Ensenada

Table 5: Spatial autocorrelation diagnostics of variables

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Table 6: Spatial Regression Models

(1) (2) Spatial Lags Model Spatial Error Model

First nature Altitude -0.17*** -0.17*** (0.061) (0.061) Roughness -0.18*** -0.178*** (0.05) (0.05) Coast -0.006 -0.006 (0.035) (0.035) Km to river -0.000 -0.000 (0.002) (0.002) Second nature Road dummy 0.034* 0.034* (0.019) (0.019) Market Km to Madrid -0.033* -0.033* (0.019) (0.019) Market Potential 0.07*** 0.07*** (0.026) (0.026) Price 0.67*** 0.67*** (0.19) (0.19) Yields -0.088 -0.088 (0.06) (0.06) Constant 0.89** 0.88** (0.35) (0.35) Observations 352 352 Rho/Lamda spatial -1.37e-06 -1.43e-06 parameter (2.34e-06) (2.66e-06) Likelihood Ratio test 0.536 0.509 (H0: Rho/Lambda=0) (0.464) (0.476) Log likelihood 134.5 134.6 Note: This table presents the coefficient estimates of the Spatial Auto Regressive Lag and Error models that measure the impact of first nature, second nature and market variables on Integration (the inverse of the coefficient of variation of prices for the municipalities within 50 km buffer of each observation). We follow Equation (1) but controlling for the distance set up computed in the spatial matrix (considering neighbours up to 100 km away and at an inverse distance square decay). All the variables are in logarithm except the dummies for Coast and Road. Column (1) presents the Spatial Lag Model and Column (2) the Spatial Error Model. Statistical significance denoted by p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

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Figure 8: territory covered (grey)

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Figure 9. Roman roads and cartwheel pathways from the mid-18th century in Spain

Source: Roman roads come from de Soto (2019) and cartwheel pathways have been digitised using Escribano (1758).

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Locations whose General Answers books from the Catastro de la Ensenada were consulted.

Municipality Province Municipality Province A Baña La Coruña Manchita Badajoz A Bola Orense Manciles Burgos A Cañiza Pontevedra Guadalajara A Capela La Coruña Manganeses de la Lampreana Zamora A Coruña La Coruña Manganeses de la Polvorosa Zamora A Estrada Pontevedra Manilva Málaga A Fonsagrada Lugo Manjabálago Ávila A Guarda Pontevedra Manjarrés A Gudiña Orense Manquillos Palencia A Lama Pontevedra Mansilla La Rioja Orense Mansilla de las Mulas León Orense Mansilla Mayor León A Pastoriza Lugo Guadalajara Orense Mantinos Palencia A Pontenova Lugo Zamora Orense Zamora Orense Zamora Abades Segovia Manzanares Ciudad Real Abadía Cáceres La Rioja Abadín Lugo Madrid Abajas Burgos Orense Abalos La Rioja Toledo Abánades Guadalajara Manzanilla Huelva Abanilla Murcia Manzanillo Valladolid Abarán Murcia Mañón La Coruña Abarca Palencia Toledo Abegondo La Coruña Maracena Granada Abejar Soria Maranchón Guadalajara Abengibre Albacete Maraña León Abenójar Ciudad Real Marazoleja Segovia Abertura Cáceres Marazuela Segovia Zamora Marbella Málaga Abia de la Obispalía Cuenca Marchagaz Cáceres Abia de las Torres Palencia Marchal Granada Almería Marchena Seville Guadalajara Marcilla de Campos Palencia Almería María Almería

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Abusejo Salamanca Mariana Cuenca Acebedo León Marín Pontevedra Acebo Cáceres Marina de Cudeyo Cantabria Acedera Badajoz Marinaleda Seville Acehuche Cáceres Toledo Aceituna Cáceres Marlín Ávila Aceuchal Badajoz Marmolejo Jaén Adalia Valladolid Toledo Adamuz Córdoba Salamanca Adanero Ávila Martiherrero Ávila Guadalajara Martín de la Jara Seville Adra Almería Martín de Yeltes Salamanca Adrada de Haza Burgos Martín Miguel Segovia Adrada de Pirón Segovia Martín Muñoz de la De Segovia Adradas Soria Martín Muñoz de las P Segovia Adrados Segovia Salamanca Salamanca Martínez Ávila Agolada Pontevedra Martos Jaén Agoncillo La Rioja Marugán Segovia Ágreda Soria Marzales Valladolid Agrón Granada Toledo Aguadulce Seville Cuenca Aguas Cándidas Burgos Masegoso Albacete Aguasal Valladolid Masegoso de Tajuña Guadalajara Agudo Ciudad Real Orense Aguilafuente Segovia Salamanca Aguilar de Bureba Burgos Mata de Alcántara Cáceres Aguilar de Campoó Palencia Mata de Cuéllar Segovia Aguilar de Campos Valladolid Matabuena Segovia Aguilar de la Frontera Córdoba Matadeón de los Oteros León Aguilar del Río Alhama La Rioja Matalebreras Soria Águilas Murcia Matallana León Ahigal Cáceres Matamala de Almazán Soria Salamanca Matanza León Salamanca Matapozuelos Valladolid Ahillones Badajoz Guadalajara Madrid Matilla de Arzón Zamora La Rioja Matilla de los Caños Valladolid Ajofrín Toledo Matilla de los Caños del Río Salamanca Alaejos Valladolid Zamora Alájar Huelva Guadalajara Alameda Málaga La Rioja Toledo Zamora

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Alameda del Valle Madrid Mayorga Valladolid Alamedilla Granada Toledo Alamillo Ciudad Real Guadalajara Alaminos Guadalajara Mazaricos La Coruña Alange Badajoz Mazariegos Palencia Alanís Seville Mazarrón Murcia Alar del Rey Palencia Mazcuerras Cantabria Salamanca Guadalajara Alarcón Cuenca Mazuecos de Valdeginate Palencia Guadalajara Mazuela Burgos Alatoz Albacete Meaño Pontevedra Alba de Cerrato Palencia Mecerreyes Burgos Salamanca Meco Madrid Salamanca Medellín Badajoz Albacete Albacete Mediana de Voltoya Ávila Albaida del Aljarafe Seville Medina de las Torres Badajoz Albalá del Caudillo Cáceres Medina de Pomar Burgos Albaladejo Ciudad Real Medina de Rioseco Valladolid Cuenca Medina del Campo Valladolid Cuenca Médina Sidonia Cádiz Guadalajara Medinaceli Soria Albánchez Almería Medinilla Ávila Albánchez de Ubeda Jaén Medio Cudeyo Cantabria Guadalajara Guadalajara Toledo Medrano La Rioja Albatana Albacete Megeces Valladolid La Rioja Guadalajara Cuenca Meira Lugo Guadalajara Meis Pontevedra La Rioja Toledo Albillos Burgos Madrid Almería Melgar de Abajo Valladolid Albolote Granada Melgar de Arriba Valladolid Albondón Granada Melgar de Fernamental Burgos Alborea Albacete Zamora Albornos Ávila Melgar de Yuso Palencia Almería Melide La Coruña Albudeite Murcia Melón Orense Albuñán Granada Melque de Cercos Segovia Albuñol Granada Membibre de la Hoz Segovia Albuñuelas Granada Membribe Salamanca Alburquerque Badajoz Membrilla Ciudad Real Alcabón Toledo Guadalajara

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Alcadozo Albacete Membrío Cáceres Alcalá de Guadaíra Seville Toledo Alcalá de Henares Madrid Meneses de Campos Palencia Alcalá de la Vega Cuenca Mengabril Badajoz Alcalá de los Gazules Cádiz Mengamuñoz Ávila Alcalá del Júcar Albacete Mengíbar Jaén Alcalá del Río Seville Méntrida Toledo Alcalá del Valle Cádiz Mérida Badajoz Alcalá la Real Jaén Merindad de Cuesta-Urría Burgos La Rioja Merindad de Montija Burgos Alcántara Cáceres Merindad de Río Ubierna Burgos Alcantarilla Murcia Merindad de Sotoscueva Burgos Cuenca Merindad de Valdeporres Burgos Alcañices Zamora Merindad de Valdivielso Burgos Alcañizo Toledo Meruelo Cantabria Alcaracejos Córdoba Mesas de Ibor Cáceres Alcaraz Albacete Mesegar Toledo Alcaucín Málaga Mesegar de Corneja Ávila Alcaudete Jaén Mesía La Coruña Toledo Mestanza Ciudad Real Alcázar de San Juan Ciudad Real Miajadas Cáceres Alcázar del Rey Cuenca Zamora Alcazarén Valladolid Micieces de Ojeda Palencia Alcoba Ciudad Real Miedes de Guadalajara Madrid Miengo Cantabria Guadalajara Miera Cantabria Alcocero de Mola Burgos Mieres del Camino Asturias Cuenca Mieza Salamanca Almería Toledo Alcolea de Calatrava Ciudad Real Migueláñez Segovia Alcolea de las Peñas Guadalajara Miguelturra Ciudad Real Toledo Mijares Ávila Guadalajara Mijas Málaga Alcolea del Río Seville Milagros Burgos Alcollarín Cáceres Milano Salamanca Alconaba Soria Guadalajara Salamanca Millanes Cáceres Alconada de Maderuelo Segovia Zamora Alconchel Badajoz Guadalajara Cuenca Minas de Riotinto Huelva Alconera Badajoz Minaya Albacete Alcóntar Almería Minglanilla Cuenca Alcorcón Madrid Mingorría Ávila

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Alcoroches Guadalajara Miño La Coruña Alcubilla de Avellaneda Soria Miño de Medinaceli Soria Alcubilla de las Peñas Soria Miño de San Esteban Soria Zamora Mira Cuenca Alcubillas Ciudad Real Mirabel Cáceres Alcudia de Monteagud Almería Guadalajara Alcuéscar Cáceres Madrid Aldea de San Miguel Valladolid Miralrío Guadalajara Aldea del Cano Cáceres Miranda de Azán Salamanca Madrid Miranda de Ebro Burgos Salamanca Miranda del Castañar Salamanca Aldea del Rey Ciudad Real Mirandilla Badajoz Toledo Miraveche Burgos Aldea Real Segovia Mironcillo Ávila Aldeacentenera Cáceres Mirueña de los Infanzones Ávila Salamanca Moaña Pontevedra Aldeadávila de la Ribera Salamanca Mocejón Toledo Aldealafuente Soria Guadalajara Aldealcorvo Segovia Moclín Granada Salamanca Moclinejo Málaga Aldealengua de Pedraza Segovia Modúbar de la Emparedada Burgos Aldealengua de Santa María Segovia Moeche La Coruña Aldealices Soria Salamanca Aldealpozo Soria Moguer Huelva Aldealseñor Soria Mohedas de Granadilla Cáceres Aldeamayor de San Martín Valladolid Toledo Toledo Guadalajara La Rioja Mojácar Almería Salamanca Mojados Valladolid Aldeanueva de Guadalajara Guadalajara Zamora Aldeanueva de la Serrezuela Segovia Molezuelas de la Carballeda Zamora Salamanca Molina Guadalajara Aldeanueva de la Vera Cáceres Molina de Segura Murcia Aldeanueva de San Bartolomé Toledo Molinaseca León Aldeanueva de Santa Cruz Ávila Molinicos Albacete Aldeanueva del Camino Cáceres Molinillo Salamanca Aldeanueva del Codonal Segovia Molinos de Duero Soria Aldeaquemada Jaén Molledo Cantabria Salamanca Mollina Málaga Salamanca Molvízar Granada Aldeaseca Ávila Mombeltrán Ávila Salamanca Momblona Soria Salamanca Zamora

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Aldeasoña Segovia Monachil Granada Salamanca Guadalajara Salamanca Monasterio de la Sierra Burgos Aldehorno Segovia Monasterio de Rodilla Burgos Aldehuela de la Bóveda Salamanca Monasterio de Vega Valladolid Aldehuela de Periáñez Soria Moncalvillo Burgos Salamanca Monda Málaga Aldehuela del Codonal Segovia Mondariz Pontevedra Aldehuela del Jerte Cáceres Mondariz-Balneario Pontevedra Aldeire Granada Mondéjar Guadalajara Aldeonte Segovia Mondoñedo Lugo Aledo Murcia Monesterio Badajoz Alentisque Soria Zamora La Rioja Monfero La Coruña Alesón La Rioja Salamanca Alfacar Granada Monforte de Lemos Lugo Zamora Monleón Salamanca Alfarnate Málaga Salamanca Alfarnatejo Málaga Cuenca Alfaro La Rioja Monroy Cáceres Alfoz Lugo Salamanca Alfoz de Bricia Burgos Monsalupe Ávila Alfoz de Lloredo Cantabria Montalbán de Córdoba Córdoba Alfoz de Quintanadueñas Burgos Cuenca Alfoz de Santa Gadea Burgos Cuenca Algadefe León Montalvos Albacete Algámitas Seville Zamora Algar Cádiz Montánchez Cáceres Guadalajara Montarrón Guadalajara Algarinejo Granada Monteagudo de las Salinas Cuenca Cuenca Monteagudo de las Vicarías Soria Algarrobo Málaga Montealegre Valladolid Algatocín Málaga Montealegre del Castillo Albacete Algeciras Cádiz Montearagón Toledo Madrid Orense Algodonales Cádiz Montefrío Granada Zamora Montehermoso Cáceres Guadalajara Montejaque Málaga Alguazas Murcia Montejícar Granada Almería Montejo Salamanca Alhama de Almería Almería Montejo de Arévalo Segovia Alhama de Granada Granada Madrid

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Montejo de la Vega de la Alhama de Murcia Murcia Serrezuela Segovia Alhambra Ciudad Real Montejo de Tiermes Soria Alhaurín de la Torre Málaga Montellano Seville Alhaurín el Grande Málaga Montemayor Córdoba Alhendín Granada Montemayor de Pililla Valladolid Alhóndiga Guadalajara Montemayor del Río Salamanca Alía Cáceres Montemolín Badajoz Cuenca Montenegro de Cameros Soria Alicún Almería Orense Alicún de Ortega Granada Monterroso Lugo Alija del Infantado León Monterrubio Segovia Guadalajara Monterrubio de Armuña Salamanca Aliseda Cáceres Monterrubio de Demanda Burgos Aliud Soria Monterrubio de la Serena Badajoz Aljaraque Huelva Salamanca Aljucén Badajoz Toledo Allande Asturias Montiel Ciudad Real Orense Montijo Badajoz Aller Asturias Montilla Córdoba Almáchar Málaga Montillana Granada Almadén Ciudad Real Montizón Jaén Almadén de la Plata Seville Montorio Burgos Almadenejos Ciudad Real Montoro Córdoba Guadalajara Monturque Córdoba Almagro Ciudad Real Monzón de Campos Palencia Almajano Soria Mora Toledo Almaluez Soria Moradillo de Roa Burgos Almansa Albacete Moral de Calatrava Ciudad Real Almanza León Moral de Hornuez Segovia Almaraz Cáceres Moral de la Reina Valladolid Zamora Zamora Almargen Málaga Moraleda de Zafayona Granada Almarza Soria Moraleja Cáceres La Rioja Madrid Almazán Soria Moraleja de las Panaderas Valladolid Almazul Soria Moraleja de Matacabras Ávila Almedina Ciudad Real Zamora Almedinilla Córdoba Zamora Almegíjar Granada Morales de Campos Valladolid Almeida Zamora Zamora Almenar de Soria Soria Zamora Almenara de Adaja Valladolid Zamora

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Almenara de Tormes Salamanca Zamora Almendra Salamanca Zamora Almendral Badajoz Madrid Almendral de la Cañada Toledo Moraña Pontevedra Almendralejo Badajoz Salamanca Cuenca Morata de Tajuña Madrid Almensilla Seville Moratalla Murcia Almería Almería Guadalajara Almócita Almería Moratinos Palencia Almodóvar del Campo Ciudad Real Morcillo Cáceres Almodóvar del Pinar Cuenca Morcín Asturias Almodóvar del Río Córdoba Morelábor Granada Almogía Málaga Guadalajara Guadalajara Moreruela de los Infanzones Zamora Almoharín Cáceres Moreruela de Tábara Zamora Toledo Moriles Córdoba Guadalajara Salamanca Cuenca Moríñigo Salamanca Almonaster la Real Huelva Moriscos Salamanca Almonte Huelva Morón de Almazán Soria Toledo Morón de la Frontera Seville Almuñécar Granada Salamanca Almuradiel Ciudad Real Mos Pontevedra Alocén Guadalajara Móstoles Madrid Álora Málaga Mota de Cuenca Alosno Huelva Cuenca Guadalajara Mota del Marqués Valladolid Alozaina Málaga Cuenca Alpandeire Málaga Motilleja Albacete Alpanseque Soria Motril Granada Madrid Moya Cuenca Alpera Albacete Mozárbez Salamanca Alpujarra de la Sierra Granada Mozoncillo Segovia Alquife Granada Mucientes Valladolid Almería Mudá Palencia Altable Burgos Guadalajara Altarejos Cuenca Zamora Guadalajara Zamora Amavida Ávila Zamora Amayuelas de Arriba Palencia Mugardos La Coruña Madrid Muíños Orense Ames La Coruña Mula Murcia Ameyugo Burgos Munera Albacete

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Amieva Asturias La Rioja Orense Muñana Ávila Ampudia Palencia Muñico Ávila Ampuero Cantabria Muñogalindo Ávila Amusco Palencia Muñogrande Ávila Amusquillo Valladolid Muñomer del Peco Ávila Anaya Segovia Muñopedro Segovia Salamanca Muñopepe Ávila Madrid Muñosancho Ávila Anchuras Ciudad Real Muñotello Ávila Andavías Zamora Muñoveros Segovia Andújar Jaén Muras Lugo Angón Guadalajara Murcia Murcia La Rioja Murias de Paredes León La Rioja Muriel Valladolid Guadalajara Muriel de la Fuente Soria Anguix Burgos Muriel Viejo Soria Anievas Cantabria Murillo de Río Leza La Rioja Guadalajara La Rioja Guadalajara La Rioja Antas Almería Muros La Coruña Antas de Ulla Lugo Muros de Nalón Asturias Antequera Málaga Murtas Granada Antigüedad Palencia Muxía La Coruña Añe Segovia Nacimiento Almería Añora Córdoba Nafría de Ucero Soria Añover de Tajo Toledo Nájera La Rioja Añover de Tormes Salamanca La Rioja Arabayona Salamanca Toledo Aracena Huelva Cuenca Arahal Seville Narón La Coruña Arahuetes Segovia Narrillos del Álamo Ávila Arancón Soria Narrillos del Rebollar Ávila Aranda de Duero Burgos Narros Soria Arandilla Burgos Salamanca Cuenca Narros de Saldueña Ávila Aranga La Coruña Narros del Castillo Ávila Madrid Narros del Puerto Ávila Guadalajara Nava Asturias Arapiles Salamanca Nava de Arévalo Ávila Arauzo de Miel Burgos Nava de Béjar Salamanca Arauzo de Burgos Salamanca Arauzo de Torre Burgos Nava de la Asunción Segovia

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Arbancón Guadalajara Nava de Roa Burgos Guadalajara Salamanca Arbo Pontevedra Nava del Barco Ávila Almería Nava del Rey Valladolid Cuenca Salamanca Salamanca Navacepedilla de Corneja Ávila Zamora Madrid Archena Murcia Navaconcejo Cáceres Archez Málaga Navadijos Ávila Archidona Málaga Navaescurial Ávila Arcicóllar Toledo Navafría Segovia Arconada Palencia Toledo Arcones Segovia Navahondilla Ávila Arcos Burgos Navajún La Rioja Arcos de Jalón Soria Navalacruz Ávila Arcos de la Frontera Cádiz Madrid Zamora Madrid Cuenca Navalcán Toledo Ardales Málaga Madrid Ardón León Navaleno Soria Arenas Málaga Salamanca Arenas de Iguña Cantabria Navalilla Segovia Arenas de San Juan Ciudad Real Navalmanzano Segovia Arenas de San Pedro Ávila Navalmoral Ávila Arenas del Rey Granada Navalmoral de Béjar Salamanca Arenillas Soria Navalmoral de la Mata Cáceres Arenillas de Riopisuerga Burgos Toledo La Rioja Navalonguilla Ávila La Rioja Navalosa Ávila Ares La Coruña Navalperal de Pinares Ávila Arevalillo Ávila Navalperal de Tormes Ávila Arevalillo de Cega Segovia Navalpino Ciudad Real Arévalo Ávila Navaluenga Ávila Arévalo de la Sierra Soria Navalvillar de Ibor Cáceres Argamasilla de Alba Ciudad Real Navalvillar de Pela Badajoz Argamasilla de Calatrava Ciudad Real Toledo Madrid Navaquesera Ávila Arganza León Navares de Ayuso Segovia Argañín Zamora Navares de Enmedio Segovia Guadalajara Navares de las Cuevas Segovia Argés Toledo Navarredonda Madrid Argoños Cantabria Navarredonda de Gredos Ávila Cuenca Navarredonda de la Rinconada Salamanca

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Argujillo Zamora Navarredondilla Ávila Arija Burgos Navarrete La Rioja Arjona Jaén Navarrevisca Ávila Arjonilla Jaén Navas de Bureba Burgos Arlanzón Burgos Navas de Estena Ciudad Real Guadalajara Navas de Guadalajara Salamanca Navas de Jorquera Albacete Armilla Granada Navas de Oro Segovia Armuña Segovia Navas de Riofrío Segovia Armuña de Almanzora Almería Navas de San Antonio Segovia Armuña de Tajuña Guadalajara Navas de San Juan Jaén La Rioja Navas del Madroño Cáceres La Rioja Madrid Arnoia Orense Navasfrías Salamanca Arnuero Cantabria Navatalgordo Ávila Aroche Huelva Navatejares Ávila Zamora Navezuelas Cáceres Arquillos Jaén Navia Asturias Zamora Navia de Suarna Lugo Cuenca Zamora Arraya de Oca Burgos Nebreda Burgos Arredondo Cantabria Neda La Coruña Arriate Málaga Guadalajara Arroba de los Montes Ciudad Real Negreira La Coruña Arroyo Valladolid Salamanca Arroyo de la Luz Cáceres Negueira de Muñiz Lugo Guadalajara Neila Burgos Arroyo de San Serván Badajoz Neila de San Miguel Ávila Arroyomolinos Cáceres Népas Soria Arroyomolinos Madrid Nerja Málaga Arroyomolinos de la Vera Cáceres Nerpio Albacete Arroyomolinos de León Huelva Nerva Huelva Arrúbal La Rioja La Rioja Arteixo La Coruña Nevada Granada Arzúa La Coruña Niebla Huelva As Neves Pontevedra Nieva Segovia As Nogais Lugo La Rioja As Pontes de García Rodríguez La Coruña Nigrán Pontevedra Zamora Nigüelas Granada Astorga León Niharra Ávila Astudillo Palencia Níjar Almería Zamora Nívar Granada Atajate Málaga Noalejo Jaén

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Atalaya Badajoz Toledo Atalaya del Cañavate Cuenca Noceda León Atanzón Guadalajara Toledo Atapuerca Burgos Nogal de las Huertas Palencia Ataquines Valladolid Nogales Badajoz Atarfe Granada Nogueira de Ramuín Orense Atienza Guadalajara Noia La Coruña Auñón Guadalajara Noja Cantabria La Rioja Nolay Soria Ausejo de la Sierra Soria Toledo Autilla del Pino Palencia Noreña Asturias Autillo de Campos Palencia Novés Toledo La Rioja Noviercas Soria Aveinte Ávila Nueva Carteya Córdoba Avellaneda Ávila Nueva Villa de las Torres Valladolid Avellanosa de Muñó Burgos Nuevo Baztán Madrid Ávila Ávila Toledo Avilés Asturias Nuño Gómez Toledo Avión Orense Nuñomoral Cáceres Ayamonte Huelva Orense Ayllón Segovia Orense Ayna Albacete O Carballiño Orense Ayoó de Vidriales Zamora O Corgo Lugo Ayuela Palencia O Covelo Pontevedra Aznalcázar Seville O Grove Pontevedra Aznalcóllar Seville O Incio Lugo Azofra La Rioja Orense Azuaga Badajoz O Páramo Lugo Guadalajara O Pino La Coruña Azután Toledo O Rosal Pontevedra Salamanca O Saviñao Lugo Almería O Valadouro Lugo Badajoz Badajoz O Vicedo Lugo Badarán La Rioja Obejo Córdoba Badolatosa Seville Ocaña Toledo Baena Córdoba Guadalajara Baeza Jaén Ochánduri La Rioja Bahabón Valladolid Ocón La Rioja Bahabón de Esgueva Burgos Oencia León Guadalajara Ogíjares Granada Bailén Jaén Almería Baiona Pontevedra Oia Pontevedra Balazote Albacete Oimbra Orense

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Balboa León La Rioja Baleira Lugo Ojén Málaga Ballesteros de Calatrava Ciudad Real Ojós Murcia Balsa de Ves Albacete Ojos-Albos Ávila Baltanás Palencia Olea de Boedo Palencia Baltar Orense Oleiros La Coruña Bande Orense Olías del Rey Toledo Bañares La Rioja Oliva de la Frontera Badajoz Bañobarez Salamanca Oliva de Mérida Badajoz Baños de Jaén Oliva de Plasencia Cáceres Baños de Molgas Orense Olivares Seville Baños de Montemayor Cáceres Olivares de Duero Valladolid Baños de Río Tobía La Rioja Olivares de Júcar Cuenca Baños de Rioja La Rioja Olivenza Badajoz Baños de Tajo Guadalajara La Rioja Baños de Valdearados Burgos Olmeda de Guadalajara Bañuelos Guadalajara Cuenca Bañuelos de Bureba Burgos Cuenca Baquerín de Campos Palencia Olmedilla de Alarcón Cuenca Cuenca Cuenca Baralla Lugo Olmedillo de Roa Burgos Baraona Soria Olmedo Valladolid Barbadás Orense Salamanca Salamanca Zamora Barbadillo de Herreros Burgos Olmillos de Muñó Burgos Barbadillo del Mercado Burgos Olmos de Esgueva Valladolid Barbadillo del Pez Burgos Olmos de Ojeda Palencia Salamanca Olmos de Peñafiel Valladolid Barbate Cádiz Olombrada Segovia Barbolla Segovia Almería Barca Soria Olula del Río Almería Barcarrota Badajoz Ólvega Soria Bárcena de Campos Palencia Olvera Cádiz Bárcena de Cicero Cantabria Oncala Soria Bárcena de Pie de Concha Cantabria Onís Asturias Salamanca Ontígola Toledo Barchín del Hoyo Cuenca Ontur Albacete Barcial de la Loma Valladolid Onzonilla León Zamora Oña Burgos Toledo Oquillas Burgos Barcones Soria Orbaneja-Riopico Burgos Bareyo Cantabria Orbita Ávila Toledo Orce Granada

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Barjas León Orcera Jaén Barraco Ávila Ordes La Coruña Barrado Cáceres Guadalajara Barrax Albacete Orejana Segovia Barreiros Lugo Orellana de la Sierra Badajoz Barrio de Muñó Burgos Orellana la Vieja Badajoz Guadalajara Toledo Barrios de Colina Burgos Orgiva Granada Barro Pontevedra Oria Almería Barromán Ávila Oropesa Toledo Salamanca Oroso La Coruña Barruelo Valladolid Ortigosa La Rioja Barruelo de Santullán Palencia Ortigosa de Pestaño Segovia Basardilla Segovia Ortigosa del Monte Segovia Basconcillos del Tozo Burgos Ortigueira La Coruña Báscones de Ojeda Palencia Orusco Madrid Bascuñana Burgos Orense Bascuñana de San Pedro Cuenca Cuenca Baterno Badajoz Oseja de Sajambre León Madrid Osornillo Palencia Bayárcal Almería Osorno la Mayor Palencia Almería Ossa de Montiel Albacete Bayubas de Abajo Soria Osuna Seville Bayubas de Arriba Soria Toledo Baza Granada Zamora Beade Orense Otero de Herreros Segovia Cuenca Otívar Granada Orense Otura Granada Beas Huelva Orense Beas de Granada Granada Ourol Lugo Beas de Guadix Granada Outeiro de Rei Lugo Beas de Segura Jaén Outes La Coruña Becedas Ávila Oviedo Asturias Becedillas Ávila Oza Dos Ríos La Coruña Becerreá Lugo Paderne La Coruña Becerril de Campos Palencia Orense Madrid Padiernos Ávila Becilla de Valderaduey Valladolid Padilla de Abajo Burgos Bédar Almería Padilla de Arriba Burgos Bedmar y Garcíez Jaén Orense Begíjar Jaén Padrón La Coruña Begonte Lugo Padrones de Bureba Burgos Almería Padul Granada

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Béjar Salamanca Almería Belalcázar Córdoba Pajarejos Segovia Belbimbre Burgos Pajares de Adaja Ávila Beleña Salamanca Salamanca Belinchón Cuenca Zamora Belmez Córdoba Pajares de los Oteros León Bélmez de la Moraleda Jaén Pajarón Cuenca Belmonte Cuenca Cuenca Belmonte de Campos Palencia Palacios de Goda Ávila Belmonte de Miranda Asturias Palacios de la Sierra Burgos Madrid Palacios de la Valduerna León Cuenca Palacios de Riopisuerga Burgos Belorado Burgos Zamora Zamora Salamanca Belvís de la Jara Toledo Zamora Belvis de Monroy Cáceres Palacios del Sil León Bembibre León Salamanca Benacazón Seville Palas de Rei Lugo Benadalid Málaga Palazuelo de Vedija Valladolid Benafarces Valladolid Palazuelos de Eresma Segovia Almería Palazuelos de la Sierra Burgos Benahavís Málaga Palazuelos de Muñó Burgos Benalauría Málaga Palencia Palencia Benalmádena Málaga Salamanca Benalúa de Guadix Granada Palenciana Córdoba Benalua de las Villas Granada Palenzuela Palencia Benamargosa Málaga Palma del Río Córdoba Benamaurel Granada Pálmaces de Jadraque Guadalajara Benamejí Córdoba Cuenca Benamocarra Málaga Palomares del Río Seville Benaocaz Cádiz Palomas Badajoz Benaoján Málaga Toledo Benarrabá Málaga Cuenca Benatae Jaén Palomero Cáceres Benavente Zamora Palos de la Frontera Huelva Benavides León Pampaneira Granada Zamora Pampliega Burgos Beniel Murcia Pancorvo Burgos Almería Pantoja Toledo Benizalón Almería Pantón Lugo Benquerencia Cáceres Papatrigo Ávila Benquerencia de la Serena Badajoz Paracuellos Cuenca Almería Madrid

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Benuza León Salamanca Beratón Soria Salamanca Berberana Burgos Orense La Rioja Paradas Seville Bercero Valladolid Paradela Lugo Berceruelo Valladolid Salamanca Bérchules Granada Páramo de Boedo Palencia Bercial Segovia Páramo del Sil León Bercial de Zapardiel Ávila Parauta Málaga Bercianos del Páramo León Pardilla Burgos Bercianos del Real Camino León Pardos Guadalajara Bercimuel Segovia Paredes Cuenca La Rioja Paredes de Toledo La Rioja Paredes de Nava Palencia Bergondo La Coruña Paredes de Sigüenza Guadalajara Almería Guadalajara Berlanga Badajoz Madrid Berlanga de Duero Soria Parres Asturias Berlanga del Bierzo León Toledo Berlangas de Roa Burgos Almería Salamanca Partido de la Sierra En Tobalina Burgos Zamora Pasarón de la Vera Cáceres Bernardos Segovia Pascualcobo Ávila Guadalajara Pastores Salamanca Bernúy de Porreros Segovia Pastrana Guadalajara Bernuy-Zapardiel Ávila Paterna de Rivera Cádiz Berrocal Huelva Paterna del Campo Huelva Salamanca Paterna del Madera Albacete Salamanca Paterna del Río Almería Berrocalejo Cáceres Patones Madrid Berrocalejo de Aragona Ávila Paymogo Huelva Berrueces Valladolid Payo de Ojeda Palencia Berzocana Cáceres Pazos de Borbén Pontevedra Berzosa de Bureba Burgos La Rioja Berzosa del Madrid Peal de Becerro Jaén Berzosilla Palencia Almería Betanzos La Coruña Pedrafita Do Cebreiro Lugo Cuenca Pedrajas de San Esteban Valladolid La Rioja Pedralba de la Pradería Zamora Bienservida Albacete Pedraza Segovia Bienvenida Badajoz Salamanca Bimenes Asturias Pedraza de Campos Palencia Blacos Soria Pedrera Seville

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Blanca Murcia Madrid Blascomillán Ávila Pedro Abad Córdoba Blasconuño de Matacabras Ávila Pedro Bernardo Ávila Blascosancho Ávila Pedro Martínez Granada Bliecos Soria Pedro Muñoz Ciudad Real Boada Salamanca Pedro Rodríguez Ávila Boada de Campos Palencia Pedroche Córdoba Boadilla de Rioseco Palencia Pedrosa de Duero Burgos Boadilla del Camino Palencia Pedrosa de la Vega Palencia Madrid Pedrosa de Río-Urbel Burgos Boal Asturias Pedrosa del Páramo Burgos Bobadilla La Rioja Pedrosa del Príncipe Burgos Bobadilla del Campo Valladolid Pedrosa del Rey Valladolid Boborás Orense Salamanca Boca de Huérgano León Salamanca Boceguillas Segovia Salamanca Bocigas Valladolid Pedroso La Rioja Bocos de Duero Valladolid Pedroso de Acim Cáceres Bodonal de la Sierra Badajoz Pegalajar Jaén Boecillo Valladolid Peguerinos Ávila Salamanca Salamanca Bogarra Albacete Pelahustán Toledo Bohonal de Ibor Cáceres Pelarrodríguez Salamanca Bohoyo Ávila Salamanca Boimorto La Coruña Madrid Boiro La Coruña Pelayos del Arroyo Segovia Bolaños de Calatrava Ciudad Real Zamora Bolaños de Campos Valladolid Zamora Bollullos de la Mitación Seville Peligros Granada Bollullos Par del Condado Huelva Penagos Cantabria Bonares Huelva Peñacaballera Salamanca Bonete Albacete Peñafiel Valladolid Cuenca Peñaflor Seville Bonilla de la Sierra Ávila Peñaflor de Hornija Valladolid Boñar León Peñalba de Avila Ávila Boqueixón La Coruña Peñalén Guadalajara Borjabad Soria Peñalsordo Badajoz Bormujos Seville Peñalver Guadalajara Bornos Cádiz Peñamellera Alta Asturias Borobia Soria Peñamellera Baja Asturias Toledo Peñaparda Salamanca Borrenes León Peñaranda de Bracamonte Salamanca Botija Cáceres Peñaranda de Duero Burgos

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Bóveda Lugo Peñarandilla Salamanca Bóveda del Río Almar Salamanca Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo Córdoba Bozoó Burgos Peñarrubia Cantabria Brabos Ávila Peñas de San Pedro Albacete Brahojos de Medina Valladolid Peñascosa Albacete Brañosera Palencia Peñausende Zamora Madrid Pepino Toledo Brazacorta Burgos Peque Zamora Brazatortas Ciudad Real Peral de Arlanza Burgos Brazuelo León Peraleda de la Mata Cáceres Madrid Peraleda de San Román Cáceres Brenes Seville Peraleda del Zaucejo Badajoz Bretó Zamora Salamanca Zamora Salamanca Brieva Segovia Guadalajara La Rioja Perales Palencia Guadalajara Perales de Tajuña Madrid Zamora Perales del Puerto Cáceres Zamora Guadalajara Salamanca Peranzanes León Briñas La Rioja Pereiro de Aguiar Orense Brión La Coruña Pereña Salamanca Briones La Rioja Zamora Briviesca Burgos Periana Málaga Brozas Cáceres Zamora Madrid Salamanca Buberos Soria Perosillo Segovia Bubión Granada Pesaguero Cantabria Cuenca Pescueza Cáceres Guadalajara Pesoz Asturias Buenache de Alarcón Cuenca Pesquera Cantabria Cuenca Pesquera de Duero Valladolid Salamanca Petín Orense Buenaventura Toledo Pétrola Albacete Buenavista Salamanca Madrid Buenavista de Valdavia Palencia Pías Zamora Buendía Cuenca Picón Ciudad Real Bueu Pontevedra Piedrabuena Ciudad Real Bugedo Burgos Piedrahita Ávila Buitrago Soria Zamora Madrid Piedralaves Ávila Bujalance Córdoba Piedras Albas Cáceres Guadalajara Piélagos Cantabria

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Bularros Ávila Piérnigas Burgos Bullas Murcia Pilas Seville Buniel Burgos Piloña Asturias Zamora Cuenca Burgo de Osma Soria Pinarejos Segovia Burgohondo Ávila Pinarnegrillo Segovia Burgos Burgos Pineda de Gigüela Cuenca Burguillos Seville Pineda de la Sierra Burgos Toledo Salamanca Burguillos del Cerro Badajoz Pineda-Trasmonte Burgos Burón León Guadalajara Burujón Toledo Pinilla de los Barruecos Burgos Busquístar Granada Pinilla de los Moros Burgos Guadalajara Guadalajara Madrid Zamora Bustillo de Chaves Valladolid Pinilla del Campo Soria Bustillo de la Vega Palencia Madrid Zamora Pinilla-Trasmonte Burgos Bustillo del Páramo León Pinillos La Rioja Bustillo del Páramo de Carri Palencia Pino Zamora Busto de Bureba Burgos Pino del Río Palencia Caballar Segovia Pinofranqueado Cáceres Cabana La Coruña Pinos Genil Granada Cabanas La Coruña Pinos-Puente Granada Madrid Pinto Madrid Guadalajara Piña de Campos Palencia Cabañas de la Sagra Toledo Piña de Esgueva Valladolid Cabañas de Polendos Segovia Píñar Granada Cabañas de Sayago Zamora Piñel de Abajo Valladolid Cabañas de Toledo Piñel de Arriba Valladolid Cabañas del Castillo Cáceres Piñor Orense Cabañas Raras León Piñuécar Madrid Cabañes de Esgueva Burgos Piornal Cáceres Cabeza del Buey Badajoz Guadalajara Salamanca Guadalajara Cabeza la Vaca Badajoz Cuenca Cabezabellosa Cáceres Salamanca Cabezabellosa de la Calzada Salamanca Pizarra Málaga Toledo Salamanca Cabezarados Ciudad Real Plasencia Cáceres Cabezarrubias del Puerto Ciudad Real Plasenzuela Cáceres Cabezas de Alambre Ávila Pliego Murcia Cabezas del Pozo Ávila Población de Arroyo Palencia

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Cabezas del Villar Ávila Población de Campos Palencia Cabezas Rubias Huelva Población de Cerrato Palencia Cabezón Valladolid Pobladura de Pelayo García León Cabezón de Cameros La Rioja Zamora Cabezón de la Sal Cantabria Zamora Cabezón de la Sierra Burgos Poblete Ciudad Real Cabezón de Liébana Cantabria Poio Pontevedra Cabezón de Valderaduey Valladolid Pol Lugo Cabezuela Segovia Polaciones Cantabria Cabezuela del Valle Cáceres Polán Toledo Cabia Burgos Polanco Cantabria Cabizuela Ávila Polentinos Palencia Cabra Córdoba Polícar Granada Cabra del Santo Cristo Jaén Pollos Valladolid Cabrales Asturias Polopos Granada Cabranes Asturias Pomar de Valdivia Palencia Cabrejas del Campo Soria Ponferrada León Cabrejas del Pinar Soria Ponga Asturias Salamanca Ponte Caldelas Pontevedra Cabrero Cáceres Ponteareas Pontevedra Cabreros del Monte Valladolid Ponteceso La Coruña Cabreros del Río León Pontecesures Pontevedra Cabrillanes León Pontedeume La Coruña Salamanca Orense Cacabelos León Pontevedra Pontevedra Cáceres Cáceres Porcuna Jaén Cachorrilla Cáceres Orense Cacín Granada Portaje Cáceres Cadalso Cáceres Portalrubio de Guadamajud Cuenca Madrid Portas Pontevedra Cádiar Granada Portezuelo Cáceres Cádiz Cádiz Cuenca Cájar Granada Portillo Valladolid Cala Huelva Portillo de Soria Soria Calabazas Segovia Toledo La Rioja Porto Zamora Calahorra de Boedo Palencia Porto Do Son La Coruña Calamonte Badajoz Portomarín Lugo Calañas Huelva Pórtugos Granada Calasparra Murcia Porzuna Ciudad Real Calatañazor Soria Posada de Valdeón León Caldas de Reis Pontevedra Posadas Córdoba Calera de León Badajoz Potes Cantabria

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Calera Y Chozas Toledo Poveda Ávila Caleruega Burgos Guadalajara Toledo Salamanca Calicasas Granada Povedilla Albacete Caltojar Soria Poyales del Hoyo Ávila Salamanca Cuenca Salamanca Poza de la Sal Burgos Calvos de Randín Orense Poza de la Vega Palencia Calzada de Calatrava Ciudad Real Pozal de Gallinas Valladolid Salamanca Pozaldez Valladolid Calzada de los Molinos Palencia Pozalmuro Soria Calzada de Salamanca Pozanco Ávila Calzada del Coto León Pozo Alcón Jaén Calzadilla Cáceres Guadalajara Calzadilla de los Barros Badajoz Guadalajara Zamora Pozo de Urama Palencia Camaleño Cantabria Cuenca Toledo Zamora Toledo Pozoblanco Córdoba Camargo Cantabria Pozohondo Albacete Camariñas La Coruña Pozo-Lorente Albacete Madrid Pozorrubielos de la Mancha Cuenca Zamora Pozorrubio de Santiago Cuenca Camas Seville Salamanca Cambados Pontevedra Pozuelo Albacete Cambil Jaén Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Cambre La Coruña Pozuelo de Calatrava Ciudad Real Caminomorisco Cáceres Pozuelo de la Orden Valladolid Campanario Badajoz Pozuelo de Tábara Zamora Campaspero Valladolid Pozuelo de Zarzón Cáceres Campazas León Pozuelo del Páramo León Cuenca Madrid Campillo de Aranda Burgos Pradales Segovia Campillo de Arenas Jaén Prádanos de Bureba Burgos Salamanca Prádanos de Ojeda Palencia Campillo de Deleitosa Cáceres Pradejón La Rioja Campillo de Dueñas Guadalajara Prádena Segovia Campillo de Llerena Badajoz Prádena de Atienza Guadalajara Guadalajara Prádena del Rincón Madrid Campillos Málaga La Rioja Campillos-Paravientos Cuenca Prado Zamora Campillos-Sierra Cuenca Prado de la Guzpeña León Campisábalos Guadalajara Prado del Rey Cádiz

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Campo de Criptana Ciudad Real Pradoluengo Burgos Campo de San Pedro Segovia Guadalajara Campo de Villavidel León Pradosegar Ávila Campo Lameiro Pontevedra Pravia Asturias Campo Lugar Cáceres Préjano La Rioja Madrid Presencio Burgos Campofrío Huelva Priaranza del Bierzo León Campolara Burgos Cuenca Camponaraya León Priego de Córdoba Córdoba Campóo de Yuso Cantabria Prioro León Camporredondo Valladolid Proaza Asturias Campos del Río Murcia Pruna Seville Campotéjar Granada Puebla de Alcocer Badajoz Camprovín La Rioja Cuenca Camuñas Toledo Salamanca Canalejas de Peñafiel Valladolid Puebla de Beleña Guadalajara Cuenca Puebla de Don Fadrique Granada Canales Ávila Puebla de Don Francisco Cuenca La Rioja Puebla de Don Rodrigo Ciudad Real Candamo Asturias Puebla de Guzmán Huelva Salamanca Puebla de la Calzada Badajoz Candeleda Ávila Puebla de la Reina Badajoz Candilichera Soria Madrid Candín León Puebla de Lillo León Canena Jaén Puebla de Obando Badajoz Madrid Puebla de Pedraza Segovia Cangas Pontevedra Salamanca Cangas de Narcea Asturias Zamora Cangas de Onís Asturias Puebla de Sancho Pérez Badajoz Canicosa de la Sierra Burgos Puebla de Trives Orense Caniles Granada Puebla de Vallés Guadalajara Salamanca Salamanca Canillas de Aceituno Málaga Puebla del Brollón Lugo Canillas de Albaida Málaga Puebla del Caramiñal La Coruña Canillas de Esgueva Valladolid Puebla del Maestre Badajoz Canillas de Río Tuerto La Rioja Puebla del Príncipe Ciudad Real Canjáyar Almería Puebla del Prior Badajoz Guadalajara Cuenca Cantabrana Burgos Zamora Cantagallo Salamanca Puente de Domingo Flórez León Salamanca Puente de Génave Jaén Cantalejo Segovia Salamanca Guadalajara Puente Viesgo Cantabria

49

Cantalpino Salamanca Puentedura Burgos Salamanca Puente-Genil Córdoba Cantillana Seville Madrid Cantimpalos Segovia Salamanca Cantiveros Ávila Puerto Castilla Ávila Almería Puerto de Béjar Salamanca Cañada de Calatrava Ciudad Real Toledo Cañada del Hoyo Cuenca Puerto de Santa Cruz Cáceres Cañada Rosal Seville Puerto Lápice Ciudad Real Cañadajuncosa Cuenca Puerto Murcia Cañamaque Soria Puerto Moral Huelva Cañamares Cuenca Puerto Real Cádiz Cañamero Cáceres Salamanca Cáñar Granada Puerto Serrano Cádiz Cañas La Rioja Puertollano Ciudad Real Cañaveral Cáceres Pujerra Málaga Cañaveral de León Huelva Toledo Cañaveras Cuenca Pulianas Granada Cañaveruelas Cuenca Pulpí Almería Cañete Cuenca Punta Umbría Huelva Cañete de las Torres Córdoba Punxín Orense Cañete la Real Málaga Puras Valladolid Cañizal Zamora Almería Cañizar Guadalajara Purullena Granada Cañizares Cuenca Quel La Rioja Cañizo Zamora Quemada Burgos Capileira Granada Quéntar Granada Capilla Badajoz Quer Guadalajara Capillas Palencia Quero Toledo Carabantes Soria Quesada Jaén Carabaña Madrid Madrid Caracena Soria Quintana de la Serena Badajoz Caracuel de Calatrava Ciudad Real Quintana del Castillo León Carataunas Granada Quintana del Marco León Caravaca de la Cruz Murcia Quintana del Pidio Burgos Caravia Asturias Quintana del Puente Palencia Carazo Burgos Quintana Redonda Soria Zamora Quintana y Congosto León Carbajo Cáceres Quintanabureba Burgos Carbajosa de Salamanca Quintanaélez Burgos Carballeda Orense Quintanaortuño Burgos Orense Quintanapalla Burgos Carballedo Lugo Toledo

50

Carballo La Coruña Quintanar de la Sierra Burgos Zamora Cuenca Almería Quintanas de Gormaz Soria Carboneras de Guadazaón Cuenca Quintanavides Burgos Carbonero El Mayor Segovia Quintanilla de Arriba Valladolid Carboneros Jaén Quintanilla de la Mata Burgos Carcaboso Cáceres Quintanilla de Onésimo Valladolid Carcabuey Córdoba Quintanilla de Onsoña Palencia Carcedo de Bureba Burgos Quintanilla de Trigueros Valladolid Carcedo de Burgos Burgos Zamora Carcelén Albacete Quintanilla del Coco Burgos Cárcheles Jaén Quintanilla del Molar Valladolid Cárdenas La Rioja Zamora Cuenca Zamora Cardeña Córdoba Quintanilla San García Burgos Cardeñadijo Burgos Quintanilla-Tordueles Burgos Cardeñajimeno Burgos Quintanilla-Vivar Burgos Cardeñosa Ávila Orense Cardeñosa de Volpejera Palencia Quiroga Lugo Cardeñuela-Riopico Burgos Quirós Asturias Toledo Zamora Cariño La Coruña Toledo Toledo Rábade Lugo Cármenes León Zamora Carmona Seville La Rioja Carmonita Badajoz Rabanera del Pinar Burgos Carnota La Coruña Rábano Valladolid Carpio Valladolid Rábano de Aliste Zamora Salamanca Rábanos Burgos Carracedelo León Rabé de las Calzadas Burgos Carral La Coruña Cuenca Toledo Rágama Salamanca Carrascal de Bárregas Salamanca Rágol Almería Salamanca Orense Carrascal del Río Segovia Ramales de la Victoria Cantabria Carrascalejo Cáceres Ramirás Orense Carrascosa Cuenca Ramiro Valladolid Carrascosa de Abajo Soria Rapariegos Segovia Cuenca Rascafría Madrid Carrascosa de la Sierra Soria Rasines Cantabria Carrascosa del Campo Cuenca Rasueros Ávila Carratraca Málaga Rebollar Cáceres Carreño Asturias Rebollar Soria

51

Carrias Burgos Rebolledo de la Torre Burgos Toledo Rebollo Segovia Carrión de Calatrava Ciudad Real Guadalajara Carrión de los Césped Seville Recas Toledo Carrión de los Condes Palencia Recuerda Soria Carrizo León Redecilla del Camino Burgos Carrizosa Ciudad Real Redecilla del Campo Burgos Carrocera León Redondela Pontevedra Cartagena Murcia Redueña Madrid Cartajima Málaga Regueras de Arriba León Cártama Málaga Regumiel de la Sierra Burgos Cartaya Huelva Reíllo Cuenca Orense Reina Badajoz Cartes Cantabria Reinosa Cantabria Carucedo León Reinoso Burgos Casa de Guadalajara Reinoso de Cerrato Palencia Casabermeja Málaga Rello Soria Salamanca Remondo Segovia La Rioja Rena Badajoz Casar de Cáceres Cáceres Renedo Valladolid Casar de Palomero Cáceres Renedo de la Vega Palencia Casarabonela Málaga Guadalajara Casarejos Soria Renieblas Soria Casares Málaga Reocín Cantabria Casares de las Hurdes Cáceres Zamora Casariche Seville Requena de Campos Palencia Toledo Respenda de la Peña Palencia Madrid Retamal Badajoz Casas de Benítez Cuenca Retamoso Toledo Casas de Don Antonio Cáceres Guadalajara Casas de Don Gómez Cáceres Salamanca Casas de Don Pedro Badajoz Retortillo de Soria Soria Cuenca Retuerta Burgos Cuenca Retuerta del Bullaque Ciudad Real Cuenca Zamora Cuenca Revenga de Campos Palencia Casas de Juan Núñez Albacete Revilla de Collazos Palencia Casas de Lázaro Albacete Revilla del Campo Burgos Cuenca Revillarruz Burgos Casas de Millán Cáceres Revilla-Vallegera Burgos Casas de Miravete Cáceres Reyero León Casas de Reina Badajoz Rezmondo Burgos Guadalajara Reznos Soria

52

Casas de Ves Albacete Riaguas de San Bartolomé Segovia Casas del Castañar Cáceres Rianxo La Coruña Casas del Monte Cáceres Riaño León Casas del Puerto Ávila Riaza Segovia Toledo Riba de Guadalajara Casaseca de Campeán Zamora Orense Zamora Ribadedeva Asturias Casas-Ibáñez Albacete Ribadeo Lugo Cuenca Ribadesella Asturias Casasola Ávila Ribadumia Pontevedra Casasola de Arión Valladolid La Rioja Casatejada Cáceres Ribamontán al Mar Cantabria Casavieja Ávila Ribamontán al Monte Cantabria Cascajares de Bureba Burgos Ribas de Campos Palencia Cascajares de la Sierra Burgos Ribas de Sil Lugo Casillas Ávila Madrid Casillas de Coria Cáceres Ribeira La Coruña Salamanca Ribeira de Piquín Lugo Casla Segovia Ribera de Arriba Asturias Caso Asturias Ribera del Fresno Badajoz Caspueñas Guadalajara Riberos de la Cueza Palencia Castañar de Ibor Cáceres Ribota Segovia Castañares de Rioja La Rioja Ricote Murcia Castañeda Cantabria Riego de la Vega León Castaño del Robledo Huelva Riello León Cástaras Granada Toledo Castejón Cuenca Guadalajara Castejón de Henares Guadalajara Rincón de la Victoria Málaga Castellanos de Castro Burgos Rincón de Soto La Rioja Salamanca Riocabado Ávila Castellanos de Villiquera Salamanca Riocavado de la Sierra Burgos Castellanos de Zapardiel Ávila Riofrío Ávila Castellar Jaén Riofrío de Aliste Zamora Castellar de la Frontera Cádiz Riofrío de Riaza Segovia Guadalajara Riofrío del Llano Guadalajara Castellar de Santiago Ciudad Real Riogordo Málaga Castil de Peones Burgos Rioja Almería Castil de Vela Palencia Ríolobos Cáceres Castilblanco Badajoz Rionansa Cantabria Castilblanco de los Arroyos Seville Zamora Castildelgado Burgos Riópar Albacete Castilfalé León Riosa Asturias Guadalajara Rioseco de Soria Soria

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Castilfrío de la Sierra Soria Rioseco de Tapia León Castilleja de Guzmán Seville Ríotorto Lugo Castilleja de la Cuesta Seville Riotuerto Cantabria Castilleja del Campo Seville Risco Badajoz Castilléjar Granada Rivas-Vaciamadrid Madrid Cuenca Rivilla de Barajas Ávila Castillejo de Martín Viejo Salamanca Roa Burgos Castillejo de Mesleón Segovia Valladolid Castillejo de Robledo Soria Roales Zamora Castillejo-Sierra Cuenca Robladillo Valladolid Toledo Salamanca Castillo de Garcimuñoz Cuenca Robleda-Cervantes Zamora Castillo de Locubín Jaén Robledillo de Gata Cáceres Castillo-Albaráñez Cuenca Madrid Guadalajara Robledillo de la Vera Cáceres Castilruiz Soria Guadalajara Salamanca Robledillo de Trujillo Cáceres Castrejón Valladolid Robledo Albacete Castrejón de la Peña Palencia Madrid Castrelo de Miño Orense Guadalajara Orense Toledo Castril Granada Robledollano Cáceres Castrillo de Cabrera León Salamanca Castrillo de Don Juan Palencia Madrid Castrillo de Duero Valladolid La Rioja Castrillo de la Guareña Zamora Rociana del Condado Huelva Castrillo de la Reina Burgos Roda de Eresma Segovia Castrillo de la Valduerna León Rodeiro Pontevedra Castrillo de la Vega Burgos La Rioja Castrillo de O'Nielo Palencia Roelos Zamora Castrillo de Riopisuerga Burgos Rois La Coruña Castrillo de Villavega Palencia Rojas Burgos Castrillo del Val Burgos Rollamienta Soria Castrillo Matajudíos Burgos Rollán Salamanca Castrillón Asturias Romangordo Cáceres Castrillo-Tejeriego Valladolid Guadalajara Orense Guadalajara Almería Ronda Málaga Castro de Fuentidueña Segovia Roperuelos del Páramo León Castro de Rei Lugo Almería Castro del Río Córdoba Rosal de la Frontera Huelva Castrobol Valladolid Zamora Castrocalbón León Rota Cádiz

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Castrocontrigo León Roturas Valladolid Castrodeza Valladolid Royuela de Río Franco Burgos Zamora Rozalén del Monte Cuenca Castrojeriz Burgos Madrid Castrojimeno Segovia Ruanes Cáceres Castromembibre Valladolid Rubena Burgos Castromocho Palencia Rubí de Bracamonte Valladolid Castromonte Valladolid Rubiá Orense Zamora Rubite Granada Castronuevo de Esgueva Valladolid Rublacedo de Abajo Burgos Castronuño Valladolid Rucandio Burgos Castropodame León Rueda Valladolid Castropol Asturias Guadalajara Castroponce Valladolid Ruente Cantabria Castroserna de Abajo Segovia Ruesga Cantabria Castroserracín Segovia Ruidera Ciudad Real Castrotierra León Ruiloba Cantabria Castroverde Lugo Rus Jaén Zamora Rute Córdoba Castroverde de Cerrato Valladolid Sabero León La Rioja Sabiote Jaén Castuera Badajoz Guadalajara Catoira Pontevedra Saceda-Trasierra Cuenca Caudete Albacete Sacedón Guadalajara Cayuela Burgos Saceruela Ciudad Real Toledo Sacramenia Segovia Cazalilla Jaén Sada La Coruña Cazalla de la Sierra Seville Saelices Cuenca Cazorla Jaén Guadalajara Zamora Saelices de Mayorga Valladolid Cea León Salamanca Cebanico León Sahagún León Toledo La Rioja Cebrecos Burgos Salamanca Salamanca Cebreros Ávila Salar Granada Cebrones del Río León Salares Málaga Ceclavín Cáceres Salas Asturias Cedeira La Coruña Salas de Bureba Burgos Cedillo Cáceres Salas de los Infantes Burgos Cedillo de la Torre Segovia Salce Zamora Toledo Salceda de Caselas Pontevedra Cée La Coruña Saldaña Palencia Cehegín Murcia Saldaña de Burgos Burgos

55

Ceinos Valladolid Salamanca Celada del Camino Burgos Salduero Soria Orense Salinas de Pisuerga Palencia La Rioja Cuenca Guadalajara Salinillas de Bureba Burgos Guadalajara Salmerón Guadalajara Cenes de la Vega Granada Cuenca La Rioja Salamanca Madrid Salobral Ávila Cenizate Albacete Salobre Albacete Orense Salobreña Granada Guadalajara Salorino Cáceres Centenera de Andaluz Soria Salteras Seville Cepeda Salamanca Salvacañete Cuenca Cepeda la Mora Ávila Salvadiós Ávila Cerbón Soria Salvador Valladolid Cerceda La Coruña Salvaleón Badajoz Madrid Salvaterra de Miño Pontevedra Cerdedo Pontevedra Salvatierra de los Barros Badajoz Cerdido La Coruña Salvatierra de Santiago Cáceres Salamanca Salamanca Zamora Samboal Segovia Zamora Samir de los Caños Zamora Cerezal de Peñahorcada Salamanca Samos Lugo Cerezo Cáceres San Adrián de Juarros Burgos Cerezo de Abajo Segovia San Adrián del Valle León Cerezo de Arriba Segovia San Agustín de Guadalix Madrid Cerezo de Riotirón Burgos San Agustín del Pozo Zamora Zamora Orense Salamanca San Andrés del Congosto Guadalajara Cerratón de Juarros Burgos San Andrés del Rabanedo León Cervantes Lugo San Andrés del Rey Guadalajara Cervatos de la Cueza Palencia La Rioja Madrid San Bartolomé de Béja Ávila Toledo San Bartolomé de Corneja Ávila Cervera de Pisuerga Palencia San Bartolomé de la Torre Huelva Cuenca San Bartolomé de las Abierta Toledo Cervera del Río Alhama La Rioja San Bartolomé de Pinares Ávila Cervillego de la Cruz Valladolid San Carlos del Valle Ciudad Real Cervo Lugo San Cebrián de Campos Palencia Salamanca San Cebrián de Castro Zamora Cesuras La Coruña San Cebrián de Mazote Valladolid Ceutí Murcia San Cebrián de Mudá Palencia

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Cevico de la Torre Palencia San Cibrao Das Viñas Orense Cevico Navero Palencia San Clemente Cuenca Chagarcía-Medianero Salamanca San Cristóbal de Boedo Palencia Chamartín Ávila San Cristóbal de Cuél Segovia Orense San Cristóbal de Entreviñas Zamora Chantada Lugo San Cristóbal de la Cuesta Salamanca Chañe Segovia San Cristóbal de la Polantera León Chapinería Madrid San Cristóbal de la Vega Segovia Chauchina Granada Orense Guadalajara San Emiliano León Cheles Badajoz San Esteban de Gormaz Soria Guadalajara Salamanca Almería San Esteban de los Patos Ávila Chiclana de la Frontera Cádiz San Esteban de Nogales León Chiclana de Segura Jaén San Esteban de Zapardiel Ávila Chillarón de Cuenca Cuenca Zamora Chillarón del Rey Guadalajara San Esteban del Valle Ávila Chillón Ciudad Real San Felices Soria Chilluévar Jaén San Felices de Buelna Cantabria Guadalajara San Felices de los Gallegos Salamanca Chimeneas Granada San Fernando Cádiz Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón Albacete Madrid Chinchón Madrid San García de Ingelmos Ávila Chipiona Cádiz San Ildefonso O la Granja Segovia Almería San Javier Murcia Chozas de Abajo León San Juan de Aznalfarache Seville Toledo San Juan de Gredos Ávila Chucena Huelva San Juan de la Encinilla Ávila Chueca Toledo San Juan de la Nava Ávila Cuenca San Juan del Molinillo Ávila Churriana de la Vega Granada San Juan del Monte Burgos Ciadoncha Burgos San Juan del Olmo Ávila Cidamón La Rioja San Juan del Puerto Huelva Cidones Soria San Justo Zamora Madrid San Justo de la Vega León Cieza Murcia San Leonardo de Yagüe Soria Cieza Cantabria San Llorente Valladolid Cifuentes Guadalajara San Lorenzo de Calatrava Ciudad Real Cigales Valladolid San Lorenzo de el Escorial Madrid Cigudosa Soria San Lorenzo de la Parrilla Cuenca Ciguñuela Valladolid San Lorenzo de Tormes Ávila Cihuela Soria San Mamés de Burgos Burgos La Rioja San Mamés de Campos Palencia

57

Cijuela Granada San Martín de Boniches Cuenca Cillán Ávila San Martín de la Vega Madrid Cillaperlata Burgos San Martín de la Vega del Al Ávila Cilleros Cáceres San Martín de Montalbán Toledo Cilleros de Salamanca San Martín de Oscos Asturias Cilleruelo de Abajo Burgos San Martín de Pusa Toledo Cilleruelo de Arriba Burgos San Martín de Rubiales Burgos Cilleruelo de San Mamés Segovia San Martín de Trevejo Cáceres Cillórigo Cantabria San Martín de Valdeiglesias Madrid Cimanes de la Vega León San Martín de Valderaduey Zamora Cimanes del Tejar León San Martín de Valveni Valladolid Guadalajara San Martín del Castañ Salamanca Cipérez Salamanca San Martín del Pimpollar Ávila Ciria Soria San Martín del Rey Aurelio Asturias Guadalajara San Martín y Mudrián Segovia Ciruelos Toledo San Miguel de Aguayo Cantabria Ciruelos de Cervera Burgos San Miguel de Bernúy Segovia Guadalajara San Miguel de Corneja Ávila Cirueña La Rioja Zamora Cirujales del Río Soria San Miguel de Serrezuela Ávila Cisla Ávila Salamanca Cisneros Palencia San Miguel del Arroyo Valladolid Cistérniga Valladolid San Miguel del Pino Valladolid Cistierna León Salamanca Ciudad Real Ciudad Real Zamora Salamanca San Millán de la Cogolla La Rioja La Rioja San Millán de Lara Burgos Coaña Asturias San Millán de los Caballeros León Cóbdar Almería San Millán de Yécora La Rioja Toledo Salamanca Cobeña Madrid San Muñoz Salamanca Cobeta Guadalajara San Nicolás del Puerto Seville Toledo San Pablo de la Moraleja Valladolid Cobos de Fuentidueña Segovia Toledo Zamora San Pascual Ávila Coca Segovia San Pedro Albacete Salamanca San Pedro Bercianos León Codorniz Segovia Zamora Cogeces de Iscar Valladolid San Pedro de Gaíllos Segovia Cogeces del Monte Valladolid San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra Zamora Guadalajara San Pedro de Latarce Valladolid Cogollos Burgos San Pedro de Mérida Badajoz Cogollos de Guadix Granada Salamanca

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Cogollos de la Vega Granada San Pedro del Arroyo Ávila Guadalajara San Pedro del Pinatar Murcia Coín Málaga San Pedro del Romeral Cantabria Coirós La Coruña Salamanca Coles Orense San Pedro Manrique Soria Colindres Cantabria Cuenca Collado Cáceres San Pelayo Valladolid Collado de Contreras Ávila San Pelayo de Guareña Salamanca Collado del Mirón Ávila San Román de Cameros La Rioja Collado Hermoso Segovia San Román de Hornija Valladolid Madrid San Román de la Cuba Palencia Madrid San Román de los Montes Toledo Collazos de Boedo Palencia San Roque Cádiz Colmenar Málaga San Roque de Riomiera Cantabria Salamanca San Sadurniño La Coruña Madrid San Salvador Valladolid Madrid San Sebastián de los Ballesteros Córdoba Madrid San Sebastián de los Reyes Madrid Madrid San Silvestre de Guzmán Huelva Colomera Granada San Tirso de Abres Asturias Colunga Asturias La Rioja Comares Málaga San Vicente de Alcántara Badajoz Comillas Cantabria San Vicente de Arévalo Ávila Cómpeta Málaga San Vicente de la Barquera Cantabria Condado de Castilnovo Segovia Zamora Guadalajara San Vicente de la Sonsierra La Rioja Guadalajara San Vicente del Palacio Valladolid Congosto León San Vicente del Valle Burgos Congosto de Valdavia Palencia Zamora Guadalajara San Xoan de Río Orense Conil de la Frontera Cádiz Sancedo León Conquista Córdoba Sanchidrián Ávila Conquista de la Sierra Cáceres Sanchón de la Ribera Salamanca Constantina Seville Sanchón de la Sagrada Salamanca Constanzana Ávila Sanchonuño Segovia Toledo Sanchorreja Ávila Contreras Burgos Salamanca Zamora Sancti-Spíritus Badajoz Guadalajara Sancti-Spíritus Salamanca Corbillos de los Oteros León Sandías Orense Corcos Valladolid Sando Salamanca Corcubión La Coruña Sangarcía Segovia Córdoba Córdoba Sanlúcar de Barrameda Cádiz

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Cordobilla de Lácara Badajoz Sanlúcar de Guadiana Huelva Salamanca Sanlúcar la Mayor Seville Cordovilla la Real Palencia Santa Amalia Badajoz Cordovín La Rioja Santa Ana Cáceres Guadalajara Toledo La Rioja Santa Ana la Real Huelva Zamora Santa Bárbara de Casa Huelva Coria Cáceres Santa Cecilia Burgos Coria del Río Seville Santa Cecilia del Alcor Palencia Coripe Seville Zamora Coristanco La Coruña Santa Coloma La Rioja La Rioja Santa Colomba de Curueño León Madrid Santa Colomba de las Monjas Zamora La Rioja Santa Colomba de Somoza León Toledo Santa Comba La Coruña Corral de Ayllón Segovia Santa Cristina de la Polvorosa Zamora Corral de Calatrava Ciudad Real Santa Cristina de Valmadrigal León Corrales Zamora Zamora Corral-Rubio Albacete Santa Cruz de Bezana Cantabria Corte de Peleas Badajoz Santa Cruz de Boedo Palencia Corteconcepcion Huelva Santa Cruz de la Salceda Burgos Orense Santa Cruz de la Sierra Cáceres Cortegana Huelva Toledo Cortelazor Huelva Santa Cruz de los Cáñ Ciudad Real Cortes de Baza Granada Almería Cortes de la Frontera Málaga Cuenca Cortes Y Graena Granada Santa Cruz de Mudela Ciudad Real Corullón León Santa Cruz de Paniagua Cáceres Coruña del Conde Burgos Santa Cruz de Pinares Ávila Corvera de Asturias Asturias Santa Cruz de Yanguas Soria Corvera de Toranzo Cantabria Santa Cruz del Comercio Granada Coscurita Soria Toledo Madrid Santa Cruz del Valle Ávila Cospeito Lugo Santa Cruz del Valle Urbión Burgos Cotanes Zamora Santa Elena Jaén Cotillas Albacete Santa Elena de Jamuz León Cotobade Pontevedra Santa Engracia del Jubera La Rioja Covaleda Soria Santa Eufemia Córdoba Covarrubias Burgos Santa Eufemia del Arroyo Valladolid Cózar Ciudad Real Zamora Cozuelos de Fuentidueña Segovia La Rioja Crecente Pontevedra Santa Eulalia de Oscos Asturias Crémenes León Santa Fé Granada

60

Crespos Ávila Santa Fe de Mondújar Almería Cristina Badajoz Santa Gadea del Cid Burgos Cristóbal Salamanca Santa Inés Burgos Cuacos de Yuste Cáceres Santa María de Cayón Cantabria Cuadros León Santa María de Huerta Soria Orense Santa María de la Alameda Madrid Cubas Madrid Santa María de la Isla León Cubilla Soria Santa María de la Vega Zamora Cubillas de Cerrato Palencia Santa María de las Hoyas Soria Cubillas de los Oteros León Santa María de los Caballero Ávila Cubillas de Rueda León Santa María de los Llanos Cuenca Cubillas de Santa Marta Valladolid Santa María de Mercadillo Burgos Cubillo Segovia Santa María de Ordás León Cubillo del Campo Burgos Santa María de Sando Salamanca Zamora Santa María de Valverde Zamora Cubillos del Sil León Santa María del Arroyo Ávila Zamora Santa María del Berrocal Ávila Cubo de Bureba Burgos Santa María del Campo Burgos Cubo de la Solana Soria Santa María del Campo Rus Cuenca Cudillero Asturias Santa María del Cubillo Ávila Zamora Santa María del Invierno Burgos Cuéllar Segovia Santa María del Monte de Cea León Cuenca Cuenca Santa María del Páramo León Cuenca de Campos Valladolid Santa María del Val Cuenca Toledo Santa María la Real de Nieva Segovia Cueva de Agreda Soria Santa María Rivarredonda Burgos Cuenca Santa Marina del Rey León Cuevas Bajas Málaga Santa Marta Badajoz Cuevas de Provanco Segovia Santa Marta de Magasca Cáceres Cuevas de San Clemente Burgos Salamanca Cuevas de San Marcos Málaga Santa Marta del Cerro Segovia Almería Toledo Cuevas del Becerro Málaga Santa Olalla de Bureba Burgos Cuevas del Campo Granada Santa Olalla del Cala Huelva Cuevas del Valle Ávila Santaella Córdoba Cúllar Granada Santander Cantabria Cúllar Vega Granada Santas Martas León Culleredo La Coruña Santervás de Campos Valladolid Cumbres de En Medio Huelva Santervás de la Vega Palencia Cumbres de San Bartolomé Huelva Santiago de Alcántara Cáceres Cumbres Mayores Huelva Santiago de Calatrava Jaén Cuntis Pontevedra Santiago de Compostela La Coruña Curiel Valladolid Santiago de la Espada-Pontones Jaén

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Curtis La Coruña Salamanca Cútar Málaga Santiago de Tormes Ávila Cuzcurrita-Río Tirón La Rioja Santiago del Campo Cáceres Madrid Santiago del Collado Ávila Daimiel Ciudad Real Santiago Millas León Dalías Almería Santibáñez de Béjar Salamanca La Rioja Santibáñez de Ecla Palencia Darro Granada Santibáñez de Esgueva Burgos Degaña Asturias Santibáñez de la Peña Palencia Dehesa de Montejo Palencia Santibáñez de la Sier Salamanca Dehesa de Romanos Palencia Santibáñez de Tera Zamora Dehesas de Guadix Granada Santibáñez de Valcorb Valladolid Deifontes Granada Santibáñez de Vidrial Zamora Deleitosa Cáceres Santibáñez del Val Burgos Descargamaría Cáceres Santibáñez el Alto Cáceres Destriana León Santibáñez el Bajo Cáceres Dévanos Soria Santillana del Mar Cantabria Deza Soria Santiponce Seville Diego del Carpio Ávila Santiso La Coruña Diezma Granada Santisteban del Puerto Jaén Dílar Granada Santiurde de Reinosa Cantabria Salamanca Santiurde de Toranzo Cantabria Dodro La Coruña Guadalajara Dólar Granada Santiuste de Pedraza Segovia Domingo García Segovia Santiuste de San Juan Bautista Segovia Domingo Pérez Toledo Salamanca Don Alvaro Badajoz Santo Adriano Asturias Don Benito Badajoz Santo Domingo de la Calzada La Rioja Donhierro Segovia Santo Domingo de las Posadas Ávila Donjimeno Ávila Santo Domingo de Pirón Segovia Donvidas Ávila Santo Domingo de Silos Burgos Doña Mencía Córdoba Santo Domingo-Caudilla Toledo Doñinos de Ledesma Salamanca Santo Tomé Jaén Doñinos de Salamanca Salamanca Santo Tomé de Zabarcos Ávila Dos Hermanas Seville Santo Tomé del Puerto Segovia Dos Torres Córdoba Santomera Murcia Toledo Santoña Cantabria Dozón Pontevedra Madrid Guadalajara Zamora Dúdar Granada Santovenia de la Valdoncina León Dueñas Palencia Santovenia de Pisuerga Valladolid Dumbría La Coruña Santoyo Palencia Dúrcal Granada Santurde La Rioja

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Durón Guadalajara La Rioja Duruelo Segovia Sanxenxo Pontevedra Duruelo de la Sierra Soria Zamora Écija Seville Sardón de Duero Valladolid Ejeme Salamanca Sardón de los Frailes Salamanca El Acebrón Cuenca Sargentes de la Lora Burgos El Alamo Madrid Sariego Asturias El Almendro Huelva Sariegos León El Arco Salamanca Saro Cantabria El Arenal Ávila Sarracín Burgos El Astillero Cantabria Orense Madrid Sarria Lugo El Ballestero Albacete Toledo El Barco de Avila Ávila Sasamón Burgos Madrid Sauca Guadalajara Madrid Saucedilla Cáceres El Bodón Salamanca Salamanca El Bohodón Ávila Sauquillo de Cabezas Segovia El Bonillo Albacete Sayalonga Málaga El Borge Málaga Sayatón Guadalajara El Bosque Cádiz Sebúlcor Segovia El Burgo Málaga Sedella Málaga El Burgo Ranero León Segovia Segovia Salamanca Segura de la Sierra Jaén El Campillo Huelva Segura de León Badajoz El Campillo Valladolid Segura de Toro Cáceres Toledo Toledo El Campo de Peñaranda Salamanca Guadalajara El Cañavate Cuenca Selaya Cantabria Guadalajara Guadalajara El Carpio Córdoba Sena de Luna León Toledo Senés Almería El Carrascalejo Badajoz Sepulcro Hilario Salamanca Guadalajara Sepúlveda Segovia Toledo Sequera de Fresno Segovia El Castillo de las Guardas Seville Salamanca Salamanca Serón Almería El Cerro de Andévalo Huelva Serón de Nágima Soria El Coronil Seville Serrada Valladolid Guadalajara Serradilla Cáceres Salamanca Salamanca El Cubo de Tierra del Vino Zamora Salamanca Almería Serranillos Ávila

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El Escorial Madrid Madrid El Espinar Segovia Serrejón Cáceres El Franco Asturias Seseña Toledo El Fresno Ávila Setenil Cádiz El Garrobo Seville Guadalajara El Gastor Cádiz Sevilla Seville El Gordo Cáceres Madrid El Granado Huelva Toledo El Guijo Córdoba Guadalajara El Herradón Ávila Siero Asturias Cuenca Sierra de Fuentes Cáceres Cuenca Sierra de Yeguas Málaga El Hornillo Ávila Almería El Hoyo de Pinares Ávila Siete Iglesias de Trabancos Valladolid El Losar Ávila Salamanca Zamora Sigeres Ávila El Madroño Seville Sigüenza Guadalajara El Maíllo Salamanca Siles Jaén Salamanca Silleda Pontevedra El Mirón Ávila Simancas Valladolid El Molar Madrid Sinlabajos Ávila El Olivar Guadalajara Siruela Badajoz Guadalajara Cuenca El Oso Ávila Soba Cantabria El Parral Ávila Sober Lugo Salamanca Sobradillo Salamanca Cuenca Sobrado La Coruña Guadalajara Sobrado León El Pedroso Seville Sobrescobio Asturias El Pedroso de la Armuña Salamanca Socovos Albacete Zamora Socuéllamos Ciudad Real Cuenca La Rioja El Perdigón Zamora Solana de Ávila Ávila Cuenca Solana de los Barros Badajoz El Pinar Granada Solana de Rioalmar Ávila Salamanca Solana del Pino Ciudad Real El Piñero Zamora Guadalajara El Pobo de Dueñas Guadalajara Solarana Burgos Cuenca Solera del Gabaldón Cuenca Cuenca Soliedra Soria Toledo Solórzano Cantabria El Puerto de Santa María Cádiz Solosancho Ávila El Rasillo La Rioja Somiedo Asturias

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El Real de la Jara Seville Guadalajara Toledo Somontín Almería Guadalajara Madrid La Rioja Somozas La Coruña El Robledo Ciudad Real Toledo Toledo Soportújar Granada El Ronquillo Seville Almería El Royo Soria Sordillos Burgos El Rubio Seville Soria Soria El Saucejo Seville Salamanca El Saúgo Salamanca Sorihuela del Guadalimar Jaén Guadalajara Sorvilán Granada Salamanca La Rioja El Tiemblo Ávila Sotalvo Ávila Toledo Sotés La Rioja Salamanca Sotillo Segovia El Torno Cáceres Sotillo de la Adrada Ávila El Valle Granada Sotillo de la Ribera Burgos El Vellón Madrid Toledo La Rioja Sotillo del Rincón Soria El Viso Córdoba Soto de Cerrato Palencia Toledo Soto de la Vega León El Viso del Alcor Seville Soto del Barco Asturias Elche de la Sierra Albacete Madrid Eljas Cáceres La Rioja Guadalajara Soto y Amío León Salamanca Sotobañado Y Priorato Palencia Encinas Segovia Guadalajara Salamanca Cuenca Salamanca Sotosalbos Segovia Encinas de Esgueva Valladolid Salamanca Encinas Reales Córdoba Sotragero Burgos Encinasola Huelva Sotresgudo Burgos Encinasola de los Comendadores Salamanca Soutomaior Pontevedra Encinedo León Suances Cantabria Encinillas Segovia Suellacabras Soria Encío Burgos Suflí Almería Enciso La Rioja Susinos del Páramo Burgos Salamanca Tabanera de Cerrato Palencia Enguídanos Cuenca Tabanera de Valdavia Palencia Enix Almería Tabanera la Luenga Segovia Enmedio Cantabria Tábara Zamora

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Entrala Zamora Salamanca Entrambasaguas Cantabria Almería La Rioja Almería Orense Taboada Lugo Entrín Bajo Badajoz Orense Toledo Almería Escacena del Campo Huelva Tajahuerce Soria Escalante Cantabria Tajueco Soria Escalona Toledo Madrid Escalona del Prado Segovia Talarrubias Badajoz Toledo Talaván Cáceres Guadalajara Toledo Escañuela Jaén Talavera la Real Badajoz Escarabajosa de Cabezas Segovia Talaveruela de la Vera Cáceres Guadalajara Talayuela Cáceres Escobar de Campos León Cuenca Escobar de Polendos Segovia Táliga Badajoz Escobosa de Almazán Soria Talveila Soria Guadalajara Tamajón Guadalajara Escurial Cáceres Salamanca Salamanca Támara de Campos Palencia Escúzar Granada Tamariz de Campos Valladolid Orense Tamarón Burgos Esguevillas de Esgueva Valladolid Tamurejo Badajoz Espadaña Salamanca Tapia de Casariego Asturias Espadañedo Zamora Zamora Esparragalejo Badajoz Guadalajara Esparragosa de la Serena Badajoz Taramundi Asturias Esparragosa de Lares Badajoz Tarancón Cuenca Espartinas Seville Guadalajara Salamanca Tarazona de Guareña Salamanca Espeja de San Marcelino Soria Tarazona de la Mancha Albacete Espejo Córdoba Tardáguila Salamanca Espejón Soria Tardajos Burgos Espelúy Jaén Tardelcuende Soria Espera Cádiz Tariego Palencia Espiel Córdoba Tarifa Cádiz Espino de Salamanca Taroda Soria Espinosa de Cerrato Palencia Guadalajara Espinosa de Cervera Burgos Teba Málaga Guadalajara Tébar Cuenca Espinosa de los Caballeros Ávila Tejada Burgos Espinosa de los Monteros Burgos Cuenca

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Espinosa de Villagonzalo Palencia Tejado Soria Espinosa del Camino Burgos Tejeda de Tiétar Cáceres Toledo Salamanca Espirdo Segovia Tembleque Toledo Guadalajara Guadalajara Toledo Tenebrón Salamanca Establés Guadalajara Teo La Coruña Estepa Seville Almería Estepa de San Juan Soria Salamanca Estépar Burgos Terradillos de Esgueva Burgos Estepona Málaga Terrinches Ciudad Real La Rioja La Rioja Madrid Guadalajara Estriégana Guadalajara Teverga Asturias La Rioja Tiedra Valladolid Fabero León Madrid Faraján Málaga Guadalajara Faramontanos de Tábara Zamora Tíjola Almería Zamora Tinajas Cuenca Felix Almería Tineo Asturias Fene La Coruña Tinieblas Burgos Férez Albacete Tiñosillos Ávila Feria Badajoz La Rioja Zamora Madrid Fernán Núñez Córdoba Tobar Burgos Fernancaballero Ciudad Real Tobarra Albacete Ferreira Granada Tobía La Rioja Zamora Tocina Seville Zamora Toén Orense Zamora Tolbaños Ávila Ferrol La Coruña Toledo Toledo Zamora Tolocirio Segovia Fines Almería Tolox Málaga Fiñana Almería Tomares Seville Fisterra La Coruña Tomelloso Ciudad Real Flores de Avila Ávila Tomiño Pontevedra Florida de Liebana Salamanca Salamanca Folgoso de la Ribera León Toques La Coruña Folgoso Do Courel Lugo Toral de los Guzmanes León Fombellida Valladolid Tordehumos Valladolid Fompedraza Valladolid Guadalajara La Rioja Tordelrábano Guadalajara Fondón Almería Tordesillas Valladolid

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Fonelas Granada Guadalajara Fonfría Zamora Salamanca Guadalajara Tordoia La Coruña Fontanarejo Ciudad Real Tordómar Burgos Fontihoyuelo Valladolid Toreno León Fontioso Burgos Guadalajara Fontiveros Ávila Toril Cáceres La Rioja Torlengua Soria Forcarei Pontevedra La Rioja Salamanca Tormellas Ávila Fornelos Pontevedra Tornadizos de Ávila Ávila Fortuna Murcia Tornavacas Cáceres Foz Lugo Toro Zamora Frades La Coruña Torquemada Palencia Salamanca Torralba Cuenca Frailes Jaén Torralba de Calatrava Ciudad Real Frandovínez Burgos Toledo Frechilla Palencia Torre de Don Miguel Cáceres Frechilla de Almazán Soria Torre de Esgueva Valladolid Fregenal de la Sierra Badajoz Torre de Juan Abad Ciudad Real Freila Granada Torre de Miguel Sesmero Badajoz Cuenca Torre de Peñafiel Valladolid Fresneda de Cuéllar Segovia Torre de Santa María Cáceres Cuenca Torre del Bierzo León Fresneda de la Sierra Tirón Burgos Guadalajara Fresnedilla Ávila La Rioja Madrid Torre Val de San Pedro Segovia Salamanca Torreadrada Segovia Fresnedoso de Ibor Cáceres Torre-Alháquime Cádiz Fresneña Burgos Torreblacos Soria Fresnillo de las Dueñas Burgos Torreblascopedro Jaén Fresno Alhándiga Salamanca Torrecaballeros Segovia Fresno de Cantespino Segovia Torrecampo Córdoba Fresno de Caracena Soria Torre-Cardela Granada Fresno de la Fuente Segovia Torrecilla de la Abadesa Valladolid Zamora Toledo Zamora Torrecilla de la Orden Valladolid Fresno de la Vega León Torrecilla de la Torre Valladolid Fresno de Riotirón Burgos Torrecilla de los Ángeles Cáceres Fresno de Rodilla Burgos Torrecilla del Monte Burgos Zamora Torrecilla del Pinar Segovia Madrid La Rioja Fresno del Río Palencia Torrecilla Sobre Alesanco La Rioja

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Fresno El Viejo Valladolid Torrecillas de la Tiesa Cáceres Frías Burgos Guadalajara Zamora Guadalajara Frigiliana Málaga Torredelcampo Jaén Friol Lugo Torredonjimeno Jaén Frómista Palencia Torregalindo Burgos Frumales Segovia Zamora Guadalajara Torreiglesias Segovia Fuencaliente Ciudad Real Torrejón de Ardoz Madrid Fuencemillán Guadalajara Torrejón de la Calzada Madrid Fuengirola Málaga Torrejón de Velasco Madrid Madrid Torrejón del Rey Guadalajara Fuenlabrada de los Montes Badajoz Torrejón el Rubio Cáceres Fuenllana Ciudad Real Torrejoncillo Cáceres La Rioja Cuenca Fuensaldaña Valladolid Madrid Toledo Torrelara Burgos Fuensanta Albacete Torrelavega Cantabria Fuensanta de Martos Jaén Torrelobatón Valladolid Fuente Alamo de Murcia Murcia Madrid Fuente de Cantos Badajoz Torremayor Badajoz Cuenca Torremejía Badajoz Fuente de Piedra Málaga Torremenga Cáceres Fuente del Arco Badajoz Torremocha Cáceres Fuente del Maestre Badajoz Guadalajara Fuente El Fresno Ciudad Real Madrid Fuente el Olmo de Fuentidueñ Segovia Guadalajara Fuente El Olmo de Iscar Segovia Guadalajara Fuente El Sauz Ávila Guadalajara Madrid Torremolinos Málaga Fuente El Sol Valladolid La Rioja Zamora Torremormojón Palencia Fuente la Lancha Córdoba Torrenueva Ciudad Real Fuente Obejuna Córdoba Torreorgaz Cáceres Fuente Palmera Córdoba Torre-Pacheco Murcia Fuente Vaqueros Granada Torrepadre Burgos Fuente-Álamo Albacete Torreperogil Jaén Fuentealbilla Albacete Torrequemada Cáceres Fuentearmegil Soria Torres Jaén Fuentebureba Burgos Torres de Albánchez Jaén Fuentecambrón Soria Madrid Fuentecantos Soria Zamora Fuentecén Burgos Torresandino Burgos

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Fuenteguinaldo Salamanca Torrescárcela Valladolid Fuenteheridos Huelva Salamanca Fuentelahiguera de Albatages Guadalajara Toledo Fuentelapeña Zamora Torrijos Toledo Fuentelcésped Burgos Torrox Málaga Guadalajara Guadalajara Cuenca Torrubia de Soria Soria Cuenca Cuenca Salamanca Cuenca Fuentelisendo Burgos Tórtola de Henares Guadalajara Fuentelmonge Soria Tórtoles Ávila Guadalajara Tórtoles de Esgueva Burgos Fuentelsaz de Soria Soria Guadalajara Guadalajara Guadalajara Fuentemolinos Burgos Torvizcón Granada Fuentenebro Burgos Tosantos Burgos Guadalajara Totalán Málaga Fuente-Olmedo Valladolid Totana Murcia Fuentepelayo Segovia Totanés Toledo Fuentepinilla Soria Touro La Coruña Fuentepiñel Segovia Trabada Lugo Fuenterrebollo Segovia Trabadelo León Fuenterroble de Salvatierra Salamanca Salamanca Fuentes Cuenca Zamora Fuentes de Andalucía Seville Cuenca Fuentes de Año Ávila Traid Guadalajara Fuentes de Béjar Salamanca Trasierra Badajoz Fuentes de Carbajal León Orense Fuentes de León Badajoz Traspinedo Valladolid Fuentes de Magaña Soria Trazo La Coruña Fuentes de Nava Palencia Trebujena Cádiz Fuentes de Oñoro Salamanca Zamora Zamora Salamanca Fuentes de Valdepero Palencia Trescasas Segovia Fuentesaúco Zamora Cuenca Fuentesáuco de Fuentidueña Segovia Trespaderne Burgos Zamora Tresviso Cantabria Fuentesoto Segovia Trévago Soria Fuentespina Burgos Trevélez Granada Zamora La Rioja Fuentestrún Soria Triacastela Lugo Fuente-Tójar Córdoba Cuenca Fuentidueña Segovia La Rioja

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Fuentidueña de Tajo Madrid Trigueros Huelva Fuerte del Rey Jaén Trigueros del Valle Valladolid Cuenca Guadalajara Gabaldón Cuenca Trillo Guadalajara Gádor Almería Triollo Palencia Guadalajara Truchas León Salamanca Trujillanos Badajoz Madrid Trujillo Cáceres Galápagos Guadalajara Tubilla del Agua Burgos Galaroza Huelva Tubilla del Lago Burgos Galbarros Burgos Tudanca Cantabria Galbárruli La Rioja Tudela de Duero Valladolid Zamora La Rioja Galera Granada Tui Pontevedra Galilea La Rioja Turcia León Salamanca Turégano Segovia Salamanca Toledo Salamanca Turón Granada Galisteo Cáceres Almería Gallegos Segovia Almería Gallegos de Altamiros Ávila Ubeda Jaén Gallegos de Argañán Salamanca Ubrique Cádiz Gallegos de Hornija Valladolid Uceda Guadalajara Gallegos de Sobrinos Ávila Ucero Soria Gallegos de Solmirón Salamanca Uclés Cuenca Zamora Udías Cantabria Gallegos del Río Zamora Toledo La Rioja Ugíjar Granada Guadalajara Guadalajara Gálvez Toledo Ulea Murcia Zamora Almería Cuenca Umbrete Seville Garbayuela Badajoz Umbrías Ávila Garciaz Cáceres Uña Cuenca Salamanca Uña de Quintana Zamora Garcihernández Salamanca Urbel del Castillo Burgos Garcillán Segovia Urda Toledo Garciotún Toledo Urdiales del Páramo León Salamanca Urones de Castroponce Valladolid Madrid Urrácal Almería Garganta del Villar Ávila Urueña Valladolid Garganta la Olla Cáceres Urueñas Segovia Gargantilla Cáceres Uruñuela La Rioja

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Gargantilla del Lozoya Madrid Usagre Badajoz Gargüera Cáceres Guadalajara Garlitos Badajoz Utrera Seville Garrafe de Torío León Vadillo Soria Garray Soria Vadillo de la Guareña Zamora Garrovillas Cáceres Vadillo de la Sierra Ávila Almería Vadocondes Burgos Garvín Cáceres Val de San Lorenzo León Madrid Val de San Vicente Cantabria Gascueña Cuenca Val Do Dubra La Coruña Gascueña de Bornova Guadalajara Valbuena de Duero Valladolid Gata Cáceres Valbuena de Pisuerga Palencia Gatón de Campos Valladolid Zamora Gaucín Málaga Valdáliga Cantabria Gavilanes Ávila Madrid Salamanca Guadalajara Gelves Seville Valdastillas Cáceres Gema Zamora Valdeande Burgos Gemuño Ávila Valdearcos Valladolid Genalguacil Málaga Guadalajara Génave Jaén Guadalajara Gerena Seville Valdeavellano de Tera Soria Gérgal Almería Madrid Geria Valladolid Guadalajara Toledo Valdecaballeros Badajoz Getafe Madrid Valdecañas de Tajo Cáceres Gibraleón Huelva Salamanca Gijón Asturias Valdecasa Ávila Gilbuena Ávila Guadalajara Gilena Seville Zamora Gilgarcía Ávila Valdefresno León Gimialcón Ávila Valdefuentes Cáceres La Rioja Valdefuentes de Sangusín Salamanca Gines Seville Valdefuentes del Páramo León Gobernador Granada Valdeganga Albacete Gójar Granada Valdegeña Soria Golmayo Soria Guadalajara Golosalvo Albacete Salamanca Salamanca Valdehúncar Cáceres Gómara Soria Salamanca Salamanca Valdelacasa de Tajo Cáceres Orense Salamanca Gomezserracín Segovia Valdelagua del Cerro Soria

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Gondomar Pontevedra Madrid Gor Granada Valdelarco Huelva Gorafe Granada Guadalajara Gordaliza del Pino León Salamanca Gordoncillo León Valdelugueros León Gormaz Soria La Rioja Gotarrendura Ávila Valdemaluque Soria Gozón Asturias Madrid Gradefes León Valdemanco del Esteras Ciudad Real Grado Asturias Madrid Cuenca Cuenca Cuenca Salamanca Grajal de Campos León Valdemora León Grajera Segovia Valdemorales Cáceres Granada Granada Madrid Gránatula de Calatrava Ciudad Real Valdemorillo de la Sierra Cuenca Asturias Madrid Grandes y San Martín Ávila Valdemoro-Sierra Cuenca Zamora Valdenebro Soria Granja de Torrehermosa Badajoz Valdenebro de los Valles Valladolid Zamora Valdenuño-Fernández Guadalajara Grañón La Rioja Valdeobispo Cáceres Grávalos La Rioja Valdeolea Cantabria Grazalema Cádiz Cuenca Grijalba Burgos Valdeolmillos Palencia Grijota Palencia Valdeolmos Madrid Griñón Madrid Valdepeñas Ciudad Real Grisaleña Burgos Valdepeñas de Jaén Jaén Guadahortuna Granada Valdepeñas de la Sierra Guadalajara Guadalajara Guadalajara Valdepiélago León Guadalcanal Seville Valdepiélagos Madrid Guadalcázar Córdoba Valdepolo León Madrid Valdeprado Soria Guadalmez Ciudad Real Valdeprado del Río Cantabria Guadalupe Cáceres Valdeprados Segovia Toledo Valderas León Guadarrama Madrid Valderrábano Palencia Guadix Granada Valderredible Cantabria Salamanca Valderrey León Gualchos Granada Valderrodilla Soria Guardo Palencia Salamanca Guareña Badajoz Valderrueda León Guaro Málaga Valdés Asturias

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Guarrate Zamora Valdesamario León Guarromán Jaén Zamora Guaza de Campos Palencia Guadalajara Güéjar Sierra Granada Valdestillas Valladolid Güevéjar Granada Valdetorres Badajoz Guijo de Avila Salamanca Madrid Guijo de Coria Cáceres Valdetórtola Cuenca Guijo de Galisteo Cáceres Valde-Ucieza Palencia Guijo de Granadilla Cáceres Valdevacas de Montejo Segovia Guijo de Santa Bárbara Cáceres Valdevacas y Guíjar Segovia Salamanca Toledo Guillena Seville Valdevimbre León Guisando Ávila Valdezate Burgos Guitiriz Lugo Madrid Gumiel de Hizán Burgos Valdorros Burgos Gumiel de Mercado Burgos Valdoviño La Coruña Guntín Lugo Valdunciel Salamanca Gusendos de los Oteros León Valdunquillo Valladolid Gutierre Muñoz Ávila Valencia de Alcántara Cáceres Hacinas Burgos Valencia de Don Juan León Haro La Rioja Valencia de las Torres Badajoz Haza Burgos Valencia del Mombuey Badajoz Hazas de Cesto Cantabria Valencia del Ventoso Badajoz Helechosa Badajoz Valencina de la Concepción Seville Hellín Albacete Valenzuela Córdoba Cuenca Valenzuela de Calatrava Ciudad Real Guadalajara Valero Salamanca Heras Guadalajara Valfermoso de Tajuña Guadalajara La Rioja Valga Pontevedra Herencia Ciudad Real Valgañón La Rioja Herguijuela Cáceres Guadalajara Herguijuela de Ciudad-Rodrigo Salamanca Cuenca Salamanca Valladolid Valladolid Salamanca Vallarta de Bureba Burgos Hermandad de Campóo de Suso Cantabria Valle de Abdalajís Málaga Hérmedes de Cerrato Palencia Valle de Cabuérniga Cantabria Zamora Valle de Cerrato Palencia Hernán-Pérez Cáceres Valle de la Serena Badajoz Hernansancho Ávila Valle de las Navas Burgos Herramélluri La Rioja Valle de Losa Burgos Herrera Seville Valle de Manzanedo Burgos Herrera de Alcántara Cáceres Valle de Matamoros Badajoz

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Herrera de Pisuerga Palencia Valle de Mena Burgos Herrera de Soria Soria Valle de Oca Burgos Herrera de Valdecañas Palencia Valle de Santa Ana Badajoz Herrera del Duque Badajoz Valle de Santibáñez Burgos Herrería Guadalajara Valle de Sedano Burgos Herrerías Cantabria Valle de Tabladillo Segovia Herreros de Suso Ávila Valle de Tobalina Burgos Herreruela Cáceres Valle de Valdebezana Burgos Toledo Valle de Valdelaguna Burgos Herrín de Campos Valladolid Valle de Valdelucio Burgos Hervás Cáceres Valle de Zamanzas Burgos Hervías La Rioja Valle del Retortillo Palencia Guadalajara Valle del Zalabí Granada Higuera Cáceres Vallecillo León Higuera de Arjona Jaén Vallegera Burgos Higuera de Calatrava Jaén Vallejera de Riofrío Salamanca Higuera de la Serena Badajoz Vallelado Segovia Higuera de la Sierra Huelva Valleruela de Pedraza Segovia Higuera de las Dueñas Ávila Valleruela de Sepúlveda Segovia Higuera de Llerena Badajoz Valles de Palenzuela Burgos Higuera de Vargas Badajoz Vallesa Zamora Higuera la Real Badajoz Valluércanes Burgos Higueruela Albacete Valmala Burgos Guadalajara Toledo Hinojal Cáceres Válor Granada Hinojales Huelva Valoria la Buena Valladolid Hinojares Jaén Salamanca Hinojos Huelva Cuenca Salamanca Valseca Segovia Toledo Valsequillo Córdoba Hinojosa del Campo Soria Valtablado del Río Guadalajara Hinojosa del Duque Córdoba Valtajeros Soria Hinojosa del Valle Badajoz Valtiendas Segovia Hinojosas de Calatrava Ciudad Real Valverde de Alcalá Madrid Hita Guadalajara Valverde de Burguillos Badajoz Holguera Cáceres Valverde de Campos Valladolid Guadalajara Valverde de Júcar Cuenca Cuenca Valverde de la Vera Cáceres Honrubia de la Cuesta Segovia Valverde de la Virgen León Hontalbilla Segovia Valverde de Leganés Badajoz Toledo Valverde de Llerena Badajoz Hontanares de Eresma Segovia Guadalajara Hontanas Burgos Valverde de Mérida Badajoz

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Hontanaya Cuenca Salamanca Hontangas Burgos Valverde del Camino Huelva Cuenca Valverde del Fresno Cáceres Guadalajara Valverde del Majano Segovia Hontoria de Cerrato Palencia Valverde-Enrique León Hontoria de la Cantera Burgos Cuenca Hontoria de Valdearados Burgos Valverdón Salamanca Hontoria del Pinar Burgos Cuenca Madrid Vecinos Salamanca Horcajo de las Torres Ávila Vedra La Coruña Horcajo de los Montes Ciudad Real Vega de Espinareda León Salamanca Vega de Infanzones León Cuenca Vega de Liébana Cantabria Salamanca Vega de Pas Cantabria Madrid Vega de Ruiponce Valladolid Guadalajara Vega de Santa María Ávila Toledo Zamora La Rioja Salamanca La Rioja Vega de Valcarce León Hornachos Badajoz Vega de Valdetronco Valladolid Hornachuelos Córdoba Vega de Zamora Hornillos Valladolid Cuenca La Rioja Vegacervera León Hornillos de Cerrato Palencia Vegadeo Asturias Hornillos del Camino Burgos Zamora Hornos Jaén Veganzones Segovia La Rioja Vegaquemada León Hortigüela Burgos Vegas de Matute Segovia Hospital de Orbigo León Vegas del Condado León Hoya-Gonzalo Albacete Vegas del Genil Granada Hoyales de Roa Burgos Vejer de la Frontera Cádiz Madrid Toledo Hoyocasero Ávila Velamazán Soria Hoyorredondo Ávila Velascálvaro Valladolid Hoyos Cáceres Velayos Ávila Hoyos de Miguel Muñoz Ávila Almería Hoyos del Collado Ávila Vélez de Benaudalla Granada Hoyos del Espino Ávila Vélez-Blanco Almería Toledo Vélez-Málaga Málaga Huécija Almería Vélez-Rubio Almería Huélaga Cáceres Velilla Valladolid Huélago Granada Velilla de la Sierra Soria Huélamo Cuenca Velilla de los Ajos Soria

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Huelma Jaén Madrid Huelva Huelva Velilla del Río Carrión Palencia Cuenca Cuenca Huéneja Granada Velliza Valladolid Huércal de Almería Almería Zamora Huércal-Overa Almería Venta de Baños Palencia Huércanos La Rioja Ventas de Huelma Granada Huérguina Cuenca Ventosa La Rioja Huérmeces Burgos Ventosa de la Cuesta Valladolid Huérmeces del Cerro Guadalajara Ventosa del Río Almar Salamanca Huerta Salamanca Ventosilla Y Tejadilla Segovia Huerta de Arriba Burgos La Rioja Huerta de la Obispalía Cuenca Madrid Huerta de Valdecárabanos Toledo Vera Almería Cuenca Orense Huerta del Rey Burgos Verín Orense Guadalajara Vertavillo Palencia Huesa Jaén Vezdemarbán Zamora Huéscar Granada Viana de Cega Valladolid Huete Cuenca Viana de Duero Soria Huétor Santillán Granada Guadalajara Huétor Tájar Granada Orense Huétor Vega Granada Viandar de la Vera Cáceres Guadalajara Vianos Albacete Huévar Seville Almería Humada Burgos Vícar Almería Guadalajara Zamora Madrid Zamora Humilladero Málaga Vigo Pontevedra Hurones Burgos La Rioja Hurtumpascual Ávila Vila de Cruces Pontevedra Husillos Palencia Vilaboa Pontevedra Ibahernando Cáceres Vilagarcía de Arousa Pontevedra Ibeas de Juarros Burgos Vilalba Lugo Asturias Vilamarín Orense Ibrillos Burgos Vilamartín de Valdeorras Orense Ibros Jaén Vilanova de Arousa Pontevedra La Rioja Orense Iglesiarrubia Burgos Vilar de Santos Orense Iglesias Burgos Vilardevós Orense Igualeja Málaga Vilariño de Conso Orense Igüeña León Vilarmaior La Coruña Illán de Vacas Toledo Vilasantar La Coruña

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Illana Guadalajara Vilches Jaén Illano Asturias Vileña Burgos Illar Almería Villa de Ves Albacete Illas Asturias Villa del Campo Cáceres Illescas Toledo Madrid Illora Granada Villa del Rey Cáceres Iniesta Cuenca Villa del Río Córdoba Iniéstola Guadalajara Villabáñez Valladolid Instinción Almería Villabaruz de Campos Valladolid Irixoa La Coruña Villabasta Palencia Salamanca Villablanca Huelva Guadalajara Villablino León Isar Burgos Villabrágima Valladolid Iscar Valladolid Villabraz León Isla Cristina Huelva Villabrázaro Zamora Istán Málaga Zamora Itero de la Vega Palencia Villacañas Toledo Itero del Castillo Burgos Villacarralón Valladolid Itrabo Granada Villacarriedo Cantabria Salamanca Villacarrillo Jaén Ituero Y Lama Segovia Villacastín Segovia Izagre León Villacid de Campos Valladolid Iznájar Córdoba Villaciervos Soria Iznalloz Granada Villaco Valladolid Iznate Málaga Villaconancio Palencia Iznatoraf Jaén Madrid Jábaga Cuenca Cuenca Jabalquinto Jaén Villada Palencia Jabugo Huelva Villadangos del Páramo León Jadraque Guadalajara Villadecanes León Jaén Jaén Villademor de la Vega León Jalón de Cameros La Rioja Zamora Zamora Villadiego Burgos Jamilena Jaén Villaeles de Valdavia Palencia Jaraicejo Cáceres Villaescusa Cantabria Jaraíz de la Vera Cáceres Villaescusa Zamora Jaramillo de la Fuente Burgos Cuenca Jaramillo Quemado Burgos Villaescusa de Roa Burgos Jarandilla de la Vera Cáceres Villaescusa la Sombría Burgos Jarilla Cáceres Villaespasa Burgos Jayena Granada Villafáfila Zamora Jerez de la Frontera Cádiz Villaferrueña Zamora Jerez de los Caballeros Badajoz Villaflor Ávila

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Jerez del Marquesado Granada Villaflores Salamanca Jerte Cáceres Villafrades de Campos Valladolid Jete Granada Villafranca de Córdoba Córdoba Jimena Jaén Villafranca de Duero Valladolid Jimena de la Frontera Cádiz Villafranca de la Sierra Ávila Jimera de Líbar Málaga Villafranca de los Barros Badajoz Guadalajara Villafranca de los Caballeros Toledo Joarilla de las Matas León Villafranca del Bierzo León Jódar Jaén Villafranca-Montes de Oca Burgos Jorquera Albacete Villafrechós Valladolid Juarros de Riomoros Segovia Villafruela Burgos Juarros de Voltoya Segovia Villafuerte Valladolid Jubrique Málaga Villafufre Cantabria Jumilla Murcia Villagalijo Burgos Jun Granada Villagarcía de Campos Valladolid Junciana Ávila Villagarcía de la Torre Badajoz Junta de Traslaloma Burgos Villagarcía del Llano Cuenca Jurisdicción de Lara Burgos Villagatón León Justel Zamora Zamora Juviles Granada Villagómez la Nueva Valladolid Salamanca Villagonzalo Badajoz Júzcar Málaga Salamanca Madrid Villagonzalo-Pedernales Burgos La Adrada Ávila Villahán Palencia La Alameda de Gardón Salamanca Villaharta Córdoba Salamanca Villahermosa Ciudad Real Salamanca Villaherreros Palencia La Alberca de Záncara Cuenca Villahoz Burgos La Alberguería de Argañán Salamanca Villalaco Palencia La Albuera Badajoz Villalán de Campos Valladolid La Aldehuela Ávila Villalar de los Comuneros Valladolid La Algaba Seville Villalazán Zamora Cuenca Villalba de Duero Burgos La Antigua León Villalba de Guardo Palencia La Atalaya Salamanca Zamora La Bañeza León Villalba de la Loma Valladolid La Bastida Salamanca Cuenca Guadalajara Villalba de los Alcores Valladolid Salamanca Villalba de los Barros Badajoz La Bóveda de Toro Zamora Salamanca La Cabeza de Béjar Salamanca La Rioja Madrid Villalba del Alcor Huelva La Calahorra Granada Cuenca

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La Calzada de Béjar Salamanca Villalbarba Valladolid La Toledo Madrid La Campana Seville Villalbilla de Burgos Burgos La Carlota Córdoba Villalbilla de Gumiel Burgos La Carolina Jaén Zamora La Carrera Ávila Villalcázar de Sirga Palencia Cuenca Villalcón Palencia La Codosera Badajoz Villaldemiro Burgos La Colilla Ávila Villalgordo del Júcar Albacete La Coronada Badajoz Villalgordo del Marquesado Cuenca La Cueva de Roa Burgos Villalmanzo Burgos La Cumbre Cáceres La Rioja La Encina Salamanca Villalobón Palencia La Ercina León Villalobos Zamora La Estrella Toledo Villalón de Campos Valladolid Salamanca Zamora La Frontera Cuenca Zamora Salamanca Cuenca La Gallega Burgos Zamora La Garganta Cáceres Toledo La Garrovilla Badajoz Villaluenga de la Vega Palencia La Gineta Albacete Villaluenga del Rosario Cádiz La Granada de Río Tinto Huelva Villamalea Albacete La Granja Cáceres Villamandos León La Granjuela Córdoba Villamanín León La Guardia Toledo Villamanrique Ciudad Real La Guardia de Jaén Jaén Villamanrique de la Condesa Seville La Haba Badajoz Madrid La Herrera Albacete Madrid La Hija de Dios Ávila Villamantilla Madrid Zamora Villamañán León Cuenca Villamartín Cádiz Madrid Villamartín de Campos Palencia La Horcajada Ávila Villamartín de Don Sancho León La Horra Burgos Salamanca La Hortezuela de Océn Guadalajara Villamayor de Calatrava Ciudad Real La Hoya Salamanca Zamora Guadalajara Villamayor de los Montes Burgos Toledo Cuenca La Iruela Jaén Villamayor de Treviño Burgos La Lantejuela Seville Villambistia Burgos La Lapa Badajoz Villamediana Palencia La Lastrilla Segovia La Rioja

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La Línea de la Concepción Cádiz Villamedianilla Burgos La Losa Segovia Villamejil León La Losilla Soria Villamena Granada La Luisiana Seville Villameriel Palencia La Malatiá Granada Villamesías Cáceres La Mata Toledo Villamiel Cáceres Salamanca Villamiel de la Sierra Burgos La Matilla Segovia Toledo Salamanca Toledo Guadalajara Villamol León La Miñosa Guadalajara Villamontán de la Valduerna León Almería Villamor de los Escuderos Zamora La Morera Badajoz Villamoratiel de las Matas León La Mudarra Valladolid Villamoronta Palencia La Nava Huelva Toledo Toledo Villamuera de la Cueza Palencia La Nava de Santiago Badajoz Villamuriel de Campos Valladolid Guadalajara Villamuriel de Cerrato Palencia La Madrid Villán de Tordesillas Valladolid La Orbada Salamanca Villanázar Zamora La Palma del Condado Huelva Villangómez Burgos La Parra Badajoz Villanubla Valladolid Cuenca Toledo La Parrilla Valladolid Villanueva de Alcorón Guadalajara La Pedraja de Portillo Valladolid Villanueva de Algaidas Málaga La Peña Salamanca Villanueva de Argaño Burgos Cuenca Guadalajara La Pernia Palencia Villanueva de Avila Ávila La Pesga Cáceres Zamora Cuenca Toledo La Peza Granada La Rioja La Pola de Gordón León Villanueva de Campeán Zamora La Póveda de Soria Soria Villanueva de Carazo Burgos Toledo Villanueva de Córdoba Córdoba La Puebla de Arganzón Burgos Villanueva de Duero Valladolid La Puebla de Cazalla Seville Villanueva de Gómez Ávila La Puebla de los Infantes Seville Villanueva de Gormaz Soria La Puebla de Montalbán Toledo Villanueva de Guadamajud Cuenca La Puebla de Valdavia Palencia Villanueva de la Cañada Madrid La Puebla del Río Seville Villanueva de la Condesa Valladolid Toledo Villanueva de la Fuente Ciudad Real La Puerta de Segura Jaén Cuenca La Quiñonería Soria Villanueva de la Reina Jaén

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La Rambla Córdoba Villanueva de la Serena Badajoz La Recueja Albacete Villanueva de la Sierra Cáceres Salamanca Guadalajara La Revilla Burgos Villanueva de la Vera Cáceres La Riba de Escalote Soria Villanueva de las Cruces Huelva La Rinconada Seville Villanueva de las Manzanas León La Rinconada de la Sierra Salamanca Zamora La Robla León Villanueva de las Torres Granada La Roca de la Sierra Badajoz Villanueva de los Caballeros Valladolid La Roda Albacete Villanueva de los Castillejos Huelva La Roda de Andalucía Seville Villanueva de los Infantes Ciudad Real La Sagrada Salamanca Villanueva de los Infantes Valladolid La Seca Valladolid Villanueva de Oscos Asturias La Sequera de Haza Burgos Madrid La Serna Palencia Villanueva de San Carlos Ciudad Real Madrid Villanueva de San Juan Seville La Serrada Ávila Villanueva de San Mancio Valladolid La Sierpe Salamanca Villanueva de Tapia Málaga La Solana Ciudad Real Villanueva de Teba Burgos La Taha Granada Villanueva del Aceral Ávila Salamanca Villanueva del Ariscal Seville Guadalajara Villanueva del Arzobispo Jaén La Torre Ávila Villanueva del Campillo Ávila La Torre de Esteban Hambrán Toledo Zamora Zamora Salamanca La Unión Murcia Villanueva del Duque Córdoba La Unión de Campos Valladolid Villanueva del Fresno Badajoz La Vecilla León Madrid La Vellés Salamanca Villanueva del Rebollar Palencia La Victoria Córdoba Villanueva del Rey Córdoba La Vid de Bureba Burgos Villanueva del Río Segura Murcia La Vid Y Barrios Burgos Villanueva del Río y Minas Seville La Vidola Salamanca Villanueva del Rosario Málaga La Toledo Villanueva del Trabuco Málaga Guadalajara Villanueva Mesía Granada La Zarza Valladolid Villanuño de Valdavia Palencia Salamanca Villaobispo León La Zubia Granada Villaornate y Castro León Labajos Segovia Villapalacios Albacete Láchar Granada Villaprovedo Palencia Ladrillar Cáceres Villaquejida León Toledo Villaquilambre León Lagartos Palencia Villaquirán de la Puebla Burgos

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Laguna Dalga León Villaquirán de los Infantes Burgos La Rioja Villar de Argañán Salamanca Laguna de Contreras Segovia Villar de Cañas Cuenca Laguna de Duero Valladolid Salamanca Laguna de Negrillos León Villar de Corneja Ávila Cuenca Villar de Domingo García Cuenca Salamanca Salamanca La Rioja Cuenca Lalín Pontevedra Salamanca Lamasón Cantabria Cuenca Láncara Lugo Salamanca Cuenca Villar de Plasencia Cáceres Langa Ávila Villar de Rena Badajoz Langa de Duero Soria Salamanca Langayo Valladolid La Rioja Langreo Asturias Villar del Ala Soria Languilla Segovia Zamora Lanjarón Granada Villar del Campo Soria Lantadilla Palencia Cuenca Lanteira Granada Cuenca Lanzahíta Ávila Madrid Laracha La Coruña Villar del Pedroso Cáceres La Rioja Villar del Pozo Ciudad Real Laredo Cantabria Villar del Rey Badajoz Orense Villar del Río Soria Almería Cuenca Salamanca Zamora Larva Jaén Villaralto Córdoba Las Aldehuelas Soria Villarcayo Burgos Las Berlanas Ávila Zamora Las Cabezas de San Juan Seville Villardefallaves Zamora Salamanca Villardefrades Valladolid Las Gabias Granada Villardiegua de la Ribera Zamora Toledo Villárdiga Zamora Las Hormazas Burgos Villardompardo Jaén Guadalajara Zamora Las Labores Ciudad Real La Rioja Cuenca Cuenca Cuenca Villarejo de la Peñuela Cuenca Las Navas de la Concepción Seville Villarejo de Montalbán Toledo Las Navas del Marqués Ávila Villarejo de Orbigo León Las Omañas León Villarejo de Salvanés Madrid Las Pedroñeras Cuenca Villarejo del Valle Ávila

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Las Quintanillas Burgos Villarejo-Periesteban Cuenca Las Regueras Asturias Guadalajara Las Rozas Cantabria Salamanca Madrid Villares de Orbigo León Las Torres de Cotillas Murcia Salamanca Almería Cuenca Cuenca Villariezo Burgos Salamanca Villarino Salamanca Las Ventas Con Peña Aguilera Toledo Salamanca Toledo Villarmentero de Campos Palencia Las Ventas de San Julián Toledo Villarmentero de Esgueva Valladolid Lastras de Cuéllar Segovia Salamanca Lastras del Pozo Segovia Villarrabé Palencia Láujar de Andarax Almería Villarramiel Palencia Laviana Asturias Villarrasa Huelva Lavid de Ojeda Palencia Villarrín de Campos Zamora Laxe La Coruña Villarrobledo Albacete Toledo Villarrodrigo Jaén Laza Orense Villarroya La Rioja Lebrija Seville Villarrubia de los Ojos Ciudad Real Lecrín Granada Toledo Guadalajara Cuenca Ledaña Cuenca Cuenca Ledesma Salamanca Villarta de los Montes Badajoz La Rioja Villarta de San Juan Ciudad Real Ledigos Palencia Villarta-Quintana La Rioja Salamanca Cuenca Leganés Madrid Villasabariego León Cuenca Villasandino Burgos Orense Villasarracino Palencia Leiva La Rioja Villasayas Soria Lena Asturias Salamanca Lentegí Granada Villasbuenas de Gata Cáceres León León Salamanca Lepe Huelva Villaseca de Arciel Soria Lerma Burgos Guadalajara Letur Albacete Toledo Leza de Río Leza La Rioja Guadalajara Lezuza Albacete Villaseco Zamora Librilla Murcia Salamanca Liceras Soria Salamanca Liendo Cantabria Villaselán León Liérganes Cantabria Toledo

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Liétor Albacete Villasexmir Valladolid Líjar Almería Villasila de Valdavia Palencia Lillo Toledo Salamanca Limpias Cantabria Villasur de Herreros Burgos Linares Jaén Toledo Linares de la Sierra Huelva Villatoro Ávila Linares de Riofrío Salamanca Villatorres Jaén Llamas de la Ribera León Villatoya Albacete Llanera Asturias Villatuelda Burgos Llanes Asturias Villaturde Palencia Llano de Bureba Burgos Villaturiel León Llano de Olmedo Valladolid Villaumbrales Palencia Llera Badajoz Villavaliente Albacete Llerena Badajoz Villavaquerín Valladolid Lobeira Orense La Rioja Orense Villavellid Valladolid Lobón Badajoz Zamora Lobras Granada Villaverde de Guadalimar Albacete Madrid Villaverde de Guareña Salamanca Logroño La Rioja Villaverde de Iscar Segovia Logrosán Cáceres Villaverde de Medina Valladolid Loja Granada Villaverde de Montejo Segovia Loma de Ucieza Palencia La Rioja Lomas Palencia Villaverde del Monte Burgos Toledo Villaverde del Río Seville Lomoviejo Valladolid Cuenca Lopera Jaén Villaverde-Mogina Burgos Lora de Estepa Seville Zamora Lora del Río Seville Zamora Loranca de Tajuña Guadalajara Villavicencio de los Caballeros Valladolid Lorca Murcia Villaviciosa Asturias Lorquí Murcia Villaviciosa de Córdoba Córdoba Los Alcázares Murcia Villaviciosa de Odón Madrid Los Altos Burgos Salamanca Los Ausines Burgos Madrid Los Balbases Burgos Villaviudas Palencia Los Barrios Cádiz Villayerno Morquillas Burgos Los Barrios de Bureba Burgos Villayón Asturias Los Barrios de Luna León Villazala León Los Blázquez Córdoba Villazanzo de Valderaduey León Los Cerralbos Toledo Villazopeque Burgos Los Corrales Seville Villegas Burgos Los Corrales de Buelna Cantabria Villeguillo Segovia

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Los Cortijos Ciudad Real Guadalajara Almería Villerías de Campos Palencia Los Guajares Granada Villodre Palencia Cuenca Villodrigo Palencia Los Huertos Segovia Villoldo Palencia Los Llanos de Tormes Ávila Víllora Cuenca Los Marines Huelva Salamanca Los Molares Seville Villoruebo Burgos Los Molinos Madrid Salamanca Toledo La Rioja Toledo Villota del Páramo Palencia Los Palacios Y Villafranca Seville Villovieco Palencia Los Pozuelos de Calatrava Ciudad Real Viloria Valladolid Los Rábanos Soria Viloria de Rioja Burgos Los Santos Salamanca Salamanca Madrid Vilviestre del Pinar Burgos Los Santos de Maimona Badajoz Vimianzo La Coruña Los Tojos Cantabria Vindel Cuenca Cuenca La Rioja Los Villares Jaén La Rioja Los Villares de Soria Soria Vinuesa Soria Los Yébenes Toledo Viñas Zamora Zamora Viñegra de Moraña Ávila Zamora Viñuela Málaga Losar de la Vera Cáceres Viñuelas Guadalajara Lourenzá Lugo Viso del Marqués Ciudad Real Lousame La Coruña Vita Ávila Lozoya Madrid Salamanca Lozoyuela-Navas-Sieteiglesias Madrid Viveiro Lugo Lubián Zamora Viveros Albacete Lubrín Almería Vizcaínos Burgos Almería Vizmanos Soria Lúcar Almería Víznar Granada Lucena Córdoba Voto Cantabria Lucena del Puerto Huelva Vozmediano Soria Luciana Ciudad Real Wamba Valladolid Lucillo León Xermade Lugo Toledo Orense Zamora Xove Lugo Luena Cantabria Xunqueira de Ambía Orense Lugo Lugo Orense Lugros Granada Yanguas Soria Lújar Granada Yanguas de Eresma Segovia

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Lumbrales Salamanca Guadalajara Lumbreras La Rioja Yebra Guadalajara Guadalajara Yecla Murcia Lupión Jaén Salamanca Luque Córdoba Yélamos de Abajo Guadalajara Luyego León Yélamos de Arriba Guadalajara Guadalajara Toledo Luzón Guadalajara Yelo Soria Almería Yémeda Cuenca Maceda Orense Yepes Toledo Machacón Salamanca Yernes Y Tameza Asturias Macharaviaya Málaga Yeste Albacete Salamanca Toledo Madrid Toledo Maderuelo Segovia Toledo Madrid Madrid Yunquera Málaga Zamora Guadalajara Madridejos Toledo Zael Burgos Madrigal de la Vera Cáceres Zafarraya Granada Madrigal de las Altas Torres Ávila Zafra Badajoz Madrigal del Monte Burgos Zafra de Záncara Cuenca Madrigalejo Cáceres Cuenca Madrigalejo del Monte Burgos Zagra Granada Madrigueras Albacete Zahara Cádiz Madroñal Salamanca Zahínos Badajoz Madroñera Cáceres Zalamea de la Serena Badajoz Maello Ávila Zalamea la Real Huelva Magacela Badajoz Salamanca Magán Toledo Zamayon Salamanca Magaña Soria Zamora Zamora Magaz Palencia Guadalajara Magaz de Cepeda León Zapardiel de la Cañada Ávila Maguilla Badajoz Zapardiel de la Ribera Ávila Mahamud Burgos Salamanca Zamora Zaratán Valladolid Mahora Albacete Zarratón La Rioja Zamora Zarza de Alange Badajoz Mairena del Alcor Seville Zarza de Granadilla Cáceres Mairena del Aljarafe Seville Zarza de Montánchez Cáceres Madrid Cuenca Majadas Cáceres Zarza la Mayor Cáceres Guadalajara Zarza-Capilla Badajoz Maján Soria Madrid

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Málaga Málaga La Rioja Málaga del Fresno Guadalajara Zarzosa de Río Pisuerga Burgos Malagón Ciudad Real Zarzuela Cuenca Guadalajara Guadalajara Salamanca Zarzuela del Monte Segovia Malpartida de Cáceres Cáceres Zarzuela del Pinar Segovia Malpartida de Corneja Ávila Zas La Coruña Malpartida de la Serena Badajoz Zazuar Burgos Malpartida de Plasencia Cáceres Zorita Cáceres Malpica de Bergantiños La Coruña Salamanca Toledo Guadalajara Malva Zamora Zorraquín La Rioja Mamblas Ávila Zotes del Páramo León Mambrilla de Castrejón Burgos Zufre Huelva Mambrillas de Lara Burgos Zuheros Córdoba Mamolar Burgos Zújar Granada Salamanca Zuñeda Burgos Mancera de Arriba Ávila Almería Mancha Real Jaén

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