Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965  Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965  Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 Women’s Human Rights Monitoring Report Gender-Based Crimes Against Humanity: Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 2 Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 Women’s Human Rights Monitoring Report GENDER-BASED CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: LISTENING TO THE VOICES OF WOMEN SURVIVORS OF 1965 Printed 2007 ISBN: 978-979-25-7546-7 Authors Team: Ita F. Nadia Karen Campbell Nelson Sawitri Rina Widyawati Experts Team: Agung Ayu Ratih Galuh Wandita Reader Team: Kamala Chandrakirana Husayn Muhammad Abda A’la Arimbi Heroepoetri Neng Dara Affiah Vien Soesono Data Collection and Verification Team: Theodora Josephin Erlijna (Lingkar Tutur Perempuan) Ester Rini Pratsnawati (Lingkar Tutur Perempuan) Kusnul Hidayati (Syarikat Indonesia) Rumekso Setyadi (Syarikat Indonesia) Design Team: Paragraphworld.deviantart.com Jl. Latuharhary No.4B Jakarta 10310 Indonesia Telp: +62-21 390 3963 Fax: +62-21 390 3922 Email: [email protected] Website: www.komnasperempuan.or.id Table of Content 3 Table of Content Table of Content --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Executive Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 Glossary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 CHAPTER I METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS OF PROMOTING DIALOGUE ---------------- 25 A. Documentation and Study ------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 B. Mutual Learning -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 C. Teaching History -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 D. Pioneering Reconciliation Efforts ----------------------------------------------------------- 32 E. Paving the Way for Dialogue ---------------------------------------------------------------- 33 F. Teaching History -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 CHAPTER II HISTORICAL CONTEXT ------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 A. Background of Gerwani ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 B. Mass Media and Negative Propaganda about Gerwani ------------------------------ 48 C. From Negative Propaganda to Physical Attacks ---------------------------------------- 58 D. The Impact Of Attacks Against Gerwani On The Women’s Movement ----------- 60 CHAPTER III FINDINGS ON HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AGAINST WOMEN ------------ 65 A. Patterns of Human Rights Violation Against Women -------------------------- 67 Right to Life and Right to Protection from Forced Disappearance --------------- 67 Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 • Women Victims of Extrajudicial Killing and Forced Disappearance ----------------- 69 4 Listening to the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965 Right to Protection from Arbitrary Detention, Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment --------------------------------------------------------- 74 Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 • Women in Detention ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 Inhumane-and-degrading-treatment-of-women-during-arrest------------------------ - 78 - Inhumane-detention-conditions-------------------------------------------------------------- - 79 - Relocation-from-one-detention-site-to-another------------------------------------------- - 81 - Detention-without-trial------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 84 - Torture-during-detention----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 87 - Sexual-torture-during-detention-------------------------------------------------------------- - 91 - Rape-and-sexual-slavery-during-detention------------------------------------------------- - 94 - Children-who-were-with-their-mothers-in-detention------------------------------------- - 100 - Forced-labour------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 102- Special-detention-sites-for-women----------------------------------------------------------- - 104- Sexual-violence-upon-release------------------------------------------------------------------ -- 106 Right to Security --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109 Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109 • Assaults against Women and Their Families --------------------------------------------- 109 • Sexual Violence during Mob Attacks ------------------------------------------------------ 112 • Looting, Damage, and Confiscation of Property -------------------------------------- 115 • Violation of the Family’s Right to Protection -------------------------------------------- 116 Mothers-forcibly-separated-from-their-children------------------------------------------- - 116- - Women-whose-husbands-or-family-members-were - victims-of-summary-executions-and-forced-disappearances-------------------------- -- 121 - Women-whose-husbands-were-detained--------------------------------------------------- - 127 - Sexual-violence-against-women-whose-husbands-were-imprisoned----------------- - 130 Right to Protection from Forced Displacement --------------------------------------- 134 Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134 • Experiences on Buru Island ------------------------------------------------------------------ 135 Women-forcibly-relocated-to-Buru-Island-------------------------------------------------- - 135 - Children-on-Buru-Island------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 137- Sexual-slavery-on-Buru-Island----------------------------------------------------------------- - 138 - Release-of-prisoners-that-neglected-women-and-children----------------------------- - 139 Ongoing Persecution after Release: Grave Denial of Fundamental Rights ---- 141 Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 • Problems with Identification Cards ------------------------------------------------------- 142 • Denial of the Right to Freedom of Movement ----------------------------------------- 144 Table of Content 5 • Denial of Political Rights --------------------------------------------------------------------- 146 • Denial of the Right to Work ----------------------------------------------------------------- 149 • Denial of the Right to Education ------------------------------------------------------------ 152 • Ostracism and Stigmatization by the Community and Family ----------------------- 153 Impact -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 Human Rights Framework • Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 • Impact on Physical and Mental Health --------------------------------------------------- 160 • Economic Impact ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163 B. Key Findings: Women as Victims of Crimes Against Humanity ------------- 167 Applicable Law and Statute of Limitations ------------------------------------------------------ 168 The Application Of International Law Based On Findings That Meet Threshold Conditions For Crimes Against Humanity ---------------------------- 169 The-element-of-a-widespread-attack-on-a-civilian-population------------------------ - 170- The-element-of-a-systematic-attack-against-a-civilian-population------------------- - 170 The Application of International Law Based on Findings That Meet the Elements of Gender-Based Crimes Against Humanity --------------------- 172 Gender-based-Persecution--------------------------------------------------------------------- - 172- Denial-of-Fundamental-Rights-in-Violation-of-International-Law--------------------- - 172 - Individuals-or-Groups-Targeted-Based-on-Group-or-Collective-Identity- - (political,-racial,-national,-ethnic,-cultural,-religious,-gender)------------------------- - 172 Rape and Sexual Torture as Crimes against Humanity --------------------------------------- 173 Sexual Slavery as a Crime against Humanity --------------------------------------------------- 173 c. Responsibility ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175 The Rights of Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations According to International Human Rights Law ------------------------------------------------ 175 Individual Criminal Responsibility ----------------------------------------------------------------- 176 Responsibility of Non-State Institutions --------------------------------------------------------- 177 State Responsibility ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177 Ongoing-Persecution---------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 178- Ongoing-Denial----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 179- No-Follow-up-to-Previous-Apologies---------------------------------------------------------
Recommended publications
  • 50 Years Since 30 September, 1965: the Gradual Erosion of a Political Taboo
    ISSUE: 2015 NO.66 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE SHARE THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 26 November 2015 50 Years since 30 September, 1965: The Gradual Erosion of a Political Taboo. By Max Lane* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This year marks the 50th anniversary of the events of 30 September, 1965 and its aftermath. Amidst heightened discussion of the matter, President Widodo, on behalf of his government, stated that there would be no state expression of being sorry for the large scale massacres of 1965. He attended conventional activities on the anniversary consistent with the long-term narrative originating from the period of Suharto’s New Order. At the same time, there are signs of a gradual but steady erosion of the hegemony of the old narrative and an opening up of discussion. This is not driven by deliberate government policy, although some government decisions have facilitated the emergence of a generation for whom the hegemonic narrative holds less weight. The processes weakening the old hegemony have also been fostered by: a) Increased academic openness on the history of the period, both in and outside of Indonesia. b) More activity by lawyers, activists, researchers as well as former political prisoners demanding state recognition of human rights violations in 1965 and afterwards. c) A general attitude to educational processes no longer dominated by indoctrination concerns. 1 ISSUE: 2015 NO.66 ISSN 2335-6677 Hegemony may be slowly ending, but it is not clear what will replace it. *Max Lane is Visiting Senior Fellow with the Indonesia Studies Programme at ISEAS- Yusof Ishak Institute, and has written hundreds of articles on Indonesia for magazines and newspapers.
    [Show full text]
  • Bachelor of Science in Mathematics No Institution Address
    INSTITUTIONS FOR FIELDWORK PRACTICE Bachelor of Science in Mathematics No Institution Address Jl. Diponegoro, Dauh Puri Klod, Kec. Denpasar Bar., Kota Denpasar, 1 AJB Bumiputera 1912 Kantor Wilayah Denpasar Bali Bali 80232 Jl. Kyai Mojo No.56, Bener, Tegalrejo, Kota Yogyakarta, Daerah 2 Badan Kepegawaian Daerah DIY Istimewa Yogyakarta 55243 Komplek THR, Jl. Brigjen Katamso, Keparakan, Kec. Mergangsan, Kota 3 Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kantor Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55152 Wilayah DIY Komplek THR, Jl. Brigjen Katamso, Keparakan, Kec. Mergangsan, Kota 4 Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55152 Badan Pusat Statistik Jalan Dr. Wahidin Nomor 1, Wonogiri, Sabggrahan, Giripurwo, Kec. 5 Badan Pusat Statistik Kab. Wonogiri Wonogiri, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah 57612 Jl. Pemuda No.19A, Rejosari, Baleharjo, Kec. Wonosari, Kabupaten 6 BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL Gunung Kidul, Jawa Tengah 55881 Jl. Purbaya, Tundan, Sumberadi, Mlati, Warak Lor, Sumberadi, Kec. 7 Badan Pusat Statistika Kabupaten Mlati, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55288 Sleman 8 Bank Indonesia Jambi Jl. Jenderal A. Yani No. 14, Telanaipura, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36361 Jl. Brigjen Katamso No.13-15, Prawirodirjan, Kec. Gondomanan, Kota 9 Bank Rakyat Indonesia cabang Katamso Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55121 Jl. Pemuda, Gd. II, No. 290, Tegalyoso, Klaten Selatan, Dusun 1, 10 Tegalyoso, Kec. Klaten Sel., Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah 57424 BAPPEDA Kabupaten Klaten l. Jenderal Sarwo Edhie Wibowo No.2, Cacaban, Magelang Tengah, 11 BAPPEDA Magelang Kota Magelang, Jawa Tengah 56172 Jl. Parasamya, Tridadi, Kec. Sleman, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah 12 BAPPEDA SLEMAN Istimewa Yogyakarta 55511 Jl. Parasamya, Tridadi, Kec. Sleman, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah 13 BAPPEDA Sleman Istimewa Yogyakarta 55511 JL. Rudolf Wolter Monginsidi, Bantul, Kec.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinjauan Psikoanalisis Sastra Konflik Ideologi Film G30s/Pki (Sutradara: Arifin C
    TINJAUAN PSIKOANALISIS SASTRA KONFLIK IDEOLOGI FILM G30S/PKI (SUTRADARA: ARIFIN C. NOER) SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Gunu Mencapai Gelar sarjana Pendidikan pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar ANDI AGUS 10533783414 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR 2018 MOTTO “Jadikan akhirat di hatimu, dunia di tanganmu, dan kematian di pelupuk matamu” (Imam Syafi‟i) “Kita boleh berbeda dalam pikiran karena pustaka kita „mungkin‟ berbeda namun selama lagu kebangsaanmu masih Indonesia Raya saya pastikan kita masih satu nusa satu bangsa (Indonesia)” (Andi Agus) Karya ini kupersembahkan kepada: Kedua orang tuaku yang berkorban untukku Terkhusus ibundaku (Rachmawati) yang telah memotivasiku Sahabat-sahabatku yang berjuang bersamaku sejak tahun 2014 ABSTRAK Andi Agus. 2018. Tinjauan Psikoanalisis Sastra Konflik Ideologi Film Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (sutradara: Arifin C. Noer). Skripsi, Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. Dibimbing oleh Salam dan Syekh Adiwijaya Latief. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konflik ideologi dan psikologi yang terdapat dapat film G30S/PKI (Sutradara: Arifin C. Noer). Terjadinya suatu konflik dikarenakan adanya oposisi dan manusia harus memilih (pilihan hidup) dan psikologi yang di dalamnya terdapat id, ego, dan superego yang ada dalam diri manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi konflik Ideologi antara pihak Pancasila dengan Komunisme. Film Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI (Sutradara: Arifin C. Noer) diterbitkan oleh Pusat Produksi Film Negara (PPFN) durasi waktu 03:37:15. Dinyatakan lulus sensor oleh Lembaga Sensor Film Indonesia dengan No. SLS: 557/VCD/2.2006/2001 di Jakarta, 23 Februari 2001 dan sasarannya: Remaja.
    [Show full text]
  • The West Papua Dilemma Leslie B
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2010 The West Papua dilemma Leslie B. Rollings University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Rollings, Leslie B., The West Papua dilemma, Master of Arts thesis, University of Wollongong. School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2010. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3276 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. School of History and Politics University of Wollongong THE WEST PAPUA DILEMMA Leslie B. Rollings This Thesis is presented for Degree of Master of Arts - Research University of Wollongong December 2010 For Adam who provided the inspiration. TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION................................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... iii Figure 1. Map of West Papua......................................................................................................v SUMMARY OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • FACTUM Volume 6, Nomor 1, April 2017 3 SEPAK
    FACTUM Volume 6, Nomor 1, April 2017 SEPAK TERJANG SARWO EDHIE WIBOWO DALAM MENJAGA STABILITAS KEAMANAN NASIONAL INDONESIA (1965-1989) Oleh: Acep Nurodin, Didin Saripudin, Moch. Eryk Kamsori1 ABSTRAK Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang membahas mengenai “Sepak Terjang Sarwo Edhie Wibowo dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Keamanan Nasional Indonesia (1965- 1989)”. Masalah utama yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah “Bagaimana Sepak Terjang Sarwo Edhie Wibowo dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Keamanan Nasional Indonesia (1965-1989)”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengkaji permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan metode historis melalui tahap-tahap seperti pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Untuk memperdalam analisis, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner melalui kajian ilmu sosiologi dan politik. Masa jabatan Sarwo Edhie Wibowo sebagai Komandan Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat (RPKAD) merupakan masa yang paling mencuri perhatian. Berdasarkan perintah dari PANGKOSTRAD Mayor Jenderal Soeharto, Sarwo Edhie berhasil mengatasi percobaan kudeta oleh kelompok yang mengatasnamakan sebagai Gerakan 30 September. Memasuki masa Orde Baru, Sarwo Edhie menjabat sebagai Pangdam II/Bukit Barisan dan membantu operasi pembekuan PNI di Sumatra Utara hingga kemudian menjadi Pangdam XVII/Cendrawasih. Sebagai Pangdam Cendrawasih, Sarwo Edhie berperan dalam menyukseskan pelaksanaan PEPERA. Di penghujung karirnya, Sarwo Edhie menjabat sebagai Gubernur AKABRI, Duta Besar di Korea Selatan, Kepala BP7, dan terakhir adalah anggota DPR/MPR. Hingga akhirnya pensiun dan meninggal dunia pada 10 November 1989. Kata Kunci: G30S, Keamanan Nasional, PKI, RPKAD, Sarwo Edhie Wibowo. ABSTRACT This research entitled “The Action of Sarwo Edhie Wibowo in Maintaining Stability of Indonesia National Security (1965-1989)”. The Main problem in this research is “How was Sarwo Edhie Wibowo’s Action in Maintaining Indonesian National Security (1965-1989)”.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Sejarah Sebagai Suatu
    BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Sejarah sebagai suatu narasi besar diperlihatkan melalui peristiwa dan tokoh besar dengan mendokumentasikan asal-usul kejadian, menganalisis geneologi, lalu membangun dan mempertahankan keistimewaan suatu peristiwa, memilih peristiwa yang dianggap spektakuler (seperti perang).1 Bagi sejarawan yang ingin memahami perjalanan sejarah Indonesia Modern, hal yang terkadang menimbulkan rasa frustrasi ialah justru karena kejadian yang paling misterius ternyata merupakan salah satu babak kejadian yang terpenting. Kebenaran sejarah terletak dalam kesediaan sejarawan untuk meneliti sumber sejarah secara tuntas, sehingga dapat diharapkan sejarawan akan mengungkapkan secara objektif.2 Perjalanan sejarah banyak meninggalkan kesan faktual betapa pemikiran seorang tokoh mempunyai peran penting dan kontribusi di jamannya. Negara Indonesia lahir dan diproklamasikan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 oleh Dwitunggal Soekarno-Hatta atas nama Bangsa Indonesia. Sejak pengakuan kedaulatan, nyaris tidak ada hari tanpa konflik yang menerpa Indonesia. Peritiwa sejarah Indonesia ketika menghadapi Agresi Militer 1 Rhoma Dwi Aria Y, Fiktif Sejarah, Sejarah Fiktif, Istoria, vol. 2 nomor 1, September 2006, hlm.121. 2 Kuntowijoyo, Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah, Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya, 1955, hlm.13. 1 2 Belanda II3, setelah itu perang-perang menyusul menghantam Republik Indonesia sampai Indonesia terseret dalam konfrontasi merebut Papua Barat yang kemudian diberi nama Irian Jaya. Usai konflik ini melanda lahir kembali konfrontasi menentang pembentukan Federasi Malaysia4 tahun 1963. Peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut sangat menguras energi nasional, kehidupan berbagai sektor tidak stabil. Namun bagi Angkatan Darat, keadaan ini membuka peluang untuk tampil sebagai benteng pertahanan Republik.5 Salah satu organ yang perlu dimiliki oleh Pemerintah suatu negara adalah Militer, yang merupakan satu kelompok orang-orang yang diorganisir dengan disiplin untuk melakukan pertempuran, yang diperbedakan dari orang-orang sipil.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Islam in the Construction of the Foreign Economic Relations of the Republic of Indonesia
    Ph.D. Thesis — M.S. Williams McMaster University — Political Science ISLAM AND THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF INDONESIA 1 THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA By MARK S. WILLIAMS, B.A.H, M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Mark S. Williams, November 2012 Ph.D. Thesis — M.S. Williams McMaster University — Political Science DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (2012) McMaster University (Political Science) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: The Role of Islam in the Construction of the Foreign Economic Relations of the Republic of Indonesia AUTHOR: Mark S. Williams, B.A., M.A. SUPERVISOR: Professor Richard Stubbs NUMBER OF PAGES: viii, 280 ii Ph.D. Thesis — M.S. Williams McMaster University — Political Science Abstract American IPE has traditionally marginalized the role that social forces, and particularly religion, have played in the construction of the international political economy. This dissertation is an examination into the foreign economic relations of the Republic of Indonesia from the perspective of the British school of International Political Economy (IPE). British IPE is used to critically assess what role, if any, the religion of Islam has had in the construction of Indonesia’s foreign economic relations. This research demonstrates that Islamic social forces have influenced the political debates that construct Indonesia’s foreign economic relationships. Mainstream Islamic organizations pushed the state to engage with international institutions of trade and finance throughout the pre‐independence period when Indonesian national identity was being forged, as well as during the parliamentary democracy that followed independence, and into Sukarno’s “Guided Democracy.” The trend from the Suharto era to the early twenty‐first has been the appropriation of Islamic discourse by the state to legitimize its economic policies of engagement with the international political economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo 10 0 1107123622 195
    194 Note: In addition to the positions shown on the chart, thepe are a number of other important agencies which are directly responsible to the Commander of the Armed Forces and his Deputy. These include the following: Strategic Intelligence Center, Institute of National Defense, Institute of Joint Staff and Command Education/Military Staff and Command College, Military Academy, Military Industries, Military Police, Military Prosecutor-General, Center of People’s Resistance and Security, and Information Center. CURRENT DATA ON THE INDONESIAN MILITARY ELITE AFTER THE REORGANIZATION OF 1969-1970 (Prepared by the Editors) Periodically in the past, the editors of Indonesia have prepared lists of the officers holding key positions in the Indonesian army to keep readers abreast of developments. (See the issues of April 1967, October 1967, and April 1969). Until very recently, the important changes meredy involved individual officers. But on Armed Forces Day, October 5, 1969, General Suharto announced a major structural reorganization of the military hierarchy, and these changes were put into effect between November 1969 and April 1970. According to the military authorities, MThe concept of reorganization, which is aimed at integrating the armed forces, arose in 1966 after the communist coup attempt of 1965. The idea was based on the view that developing countries suffer from political instability due to con­ flict between competing groups."1 On October 6, the then Chief of Staff of the Department of Defense and Security, Lt. Gen. Sumitro, said that the integration of the armed forces "will prevent the occurrence of situations like those in Latin America where the seizure of power is always accompanied by activities on the part of one of the armed forces or individuals from the armed forces."2 The main thrust of the reorganization (for details of which see the footnotes) is in the direction of greatly increased centraliza­ tion of control within the Department of Defense and Security.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contestation of Social Memory in the New Media: a Case Study of the 1965 Killings in Indonesia
    Aktuelle Südostasienforschung Current Research on Southeast Asia The Contestation of Social Memory in the New Media: A Case Study of the 1965 Killings in Indonesia Hakimul Ikhwan, Vissia Ita Yulianto & Gilang Desti Parahita ► Ikhwan, H., Yulianto, V. I., & Parahita, G. D. (2019). The contestation of social memory in the new media: A case study of the 1965 killings in Indonesia. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 12(1), 3-16. While today’s Indonesian democratic government remains committed to the New Order orthodoxy about the mass killings of 1965, new counter-narratives challenging official history are emerging in the new media. Applying mixed-methods and multi-sited ethnography, this study aims to extend our collaborative understanding of the most re- cent developments in this situation by identifying multiple online interpersonal stories, deliberations, and debates related to the case as well as offline field studies in Java and Bali. Practically and theoretically, we ask how the tragedy of the 1965 killings is contest- ed in the new media and how social memory plays out in this contestation. The study finds that new media potentially act as emancipatory sites channeling and liberating the voices of those that the nation has stigmatized as ‘objectively guilty’. We argue that the arena of contestation is threefold: individual, public vs. state narrative, and theoretical. As such, the transborder space of the new media strongly mediates corrective new voices to fill missing gaps in the convoluted history of this central event of modern Indonesian history. Keywords: 1965 Killings; Master vs. Counter Narratives; Memory Studies; New Media; Southeast Asia INTRODUCTION Indonesia experienced one of the 20th century’s worst mass killings.
    [Show full text]
  • KINI, KISAH TIGA JENDERAL: JEJAK REKAM MASA LAMPAU Oleh Rum Aly
    KINI, KISAH TIGA JENDERAL: JEJAK REKAM MASA LAMPAU oleh Rum Aly Bagian (1) SERPIHAN bom di Mega Kuningan untuk sebagian juga terlontar masuk ke ruang politik praktis –yang temperaturnya tak ikut turun bersama usainya pemilihan presiden 8 Juli 2009– dan menciptakan rentetan ledakan baru di sana. Sementara itu, indikasi yang ditunjukkan sidik forensik yang ditemukan penyelidik kepolisian di sekitar lokasi peristiwa pemboman Marriot‐Ritz Carlton tampaknya berjalan menuju arah yang berbeda dengan indikasi berdasarkan laporan intelijen yang dikutip Presiden kemarin, Jumat 17 Juli. Mengasumsikan 2014 bahwa kedua sumber indikasi punya kadar reliability yang sama, dengan sedikit June menyederhanakan pemikiran, kita bisa mengatakan pada hakekatnya ada dua peristiwa 21 berbeda namun bersatu dalam satu ‘ledakan’. Sampai, ada fakta lanjutan yang bisa menunjukkan bahwa kedua soal itu, yakni pemboman dan kekecewaan terhadap pilpres, Saturday, ternyata berkaitan dalam satu hubungan sebab‐akibat. saved: Terlepas dari itu, sebenarnya ada ‘detil kecil’ menarik dalam penyampaian Presiden Susilo Last Kb), Bambang Yudhoyono selepas Jumat siang itu. Presiden menggunakan penyebutan intelijen (85 yang ‘ada di pihak pemerintah’. Apakah percikan ‘refleks’ ini berarti ada intelijen yang bukan di pihak pemerintah? Ini menjadi menarik, bila dikaitkan bahwa dalam kancah pemilihan presiden yang baru lalu ini, ada tiga jenderal –purnawirawan dengan pengaruh dan atau sisa Lampau.docx pengaruh tertentu yang dapat dipastikan tidak kecil– di antara enam tokoh yang maju Masa sebagai kandidat calon presiden atau wakil presiden. Di masa lampau, sepanjang yang dapat dicatat, ada sejarahnya bahwa tidak selalu jaringan intelijen ada dalam kendali resmi Rekam pemerintah, melainkan bisa di bawah kendali perorangan atau kelompok militer tertentu Jejak ‐ yang ada di dalam kekuasaan.
    [Show full text]
  • SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY in the NEW ORDER a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Center for Inte
    SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE NEW ORDER A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Sony Karsono August 2005 This thesis entitled SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE NEW ORDER by Sony Karsono has been approved for the Department of Southeast Asian Studies and the Center for International Studies by William H. Frederick Associate Professor of History Josep Rota Director of International Studies KARSONO, SONY. M.A. August 2005. International Studies Setting History Straight? Indonesian Historiography in the New Order (274 pp.) Director of Thesis: William H. Frederick This thesis discusses one central problem: What happened to Indonesian historiography in the New Order (1966-98)? To analyze the problem, the author studies the connections between the major themes in his intellectual autobiography and those in the metahistory of the regime. Proceeding in chronological and thematic manner, the thesis comes in three parts. Part One presents the author’s intellectual autobiography, which illustrates how, as a member of the generation of people who grew up in the New Order, he came into contact with history. Part Two examines the genealogy of and the major issues at stake in the post-New Order controversy over the rectification of history. Part Three ends with several concluding observations. First, the historiographical engineering that the New Order committed was not effective. Second, the regime created the tools for people to criticize itself, which shows that it misunderstood its own society. Third, Indonesian contemporary culture is such that people abhor the idea that there is no single truth.
    [Show full text]
  • Pengaruh Citra Gerwani Terhadap Perkembangan Pergerakan Perempuan Di Indonesia Tahun 1966-1998
    Pengaruh Citra Gerwani Terhadap Perkembangan Pergerakan Perempuan di Indonesia Tahun 1966-1998 SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat Memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Oleh: Elisabeth Endah Retnoningrum 024314018 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS SASTRA UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2009 i ii iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini kupersembahkan untuk: • “Tuhanku Yesus Kristus” yang selalu mendampingi aku disaat sedih maupun senang. Terimakasih ya Tuhan karena kemampuanku tidak terlepas dari anugerah dan karunia yang Kau berikan padaku. • Mami dan Papiku yang selalu mendampingi dan bersabar support aku. • Putraku Bonaventura Fajar P.N …..my son your is my inspiration” • Saudara-saudaraku yang selalu mendukung aku disaat aku rapuh dan tidak menentu, thanks to my big familiys. • Teman-teman dan Jurusan ilmu sejarah Fakultas Sastra Universitas Sanata Dharma, thanks there give me the lot of experience n sience in this real word. • Segala kepanatan, kemarahan, kesulitan, kekacauan, kekecewaan, penghianatan,kebahagian, keceriaan dan juga keramaian yang tak kunjung usai dan segala masalah yang mendera aku, thanks karena mereka juga bagian dari hidup aku yang penuh dengan konflik. Tanpa semua ini aku tidak pernah selesai. iv HALAMAN MOTTO “ Hidup Penuh Dengan Tantangan Maka Berjuanglah “ v PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA Saya menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa skripsi yang saya tulis ini tidak memuat karya atau bagian dari karya orang lain, kecuali yang telah disebutkan dalam kutipan, catatan kaki dan daftar pustaka seperti layaknya karya ilmiah. Yogyakarta, 23 Juli 2009 Penulis Elisabeth Endah Retnoningrum vi ABSTRAK Pengaruh Citra Gerwani Terhadap Perkembangan Pergerakan Perempuan di Indonesia Tahun 1966-1998 Elisabeth Endah Retnoningrum UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA Penulisan skripsi ini ditulis untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi pada tahun 1966-1998, dimana awal peristiwa 1 Oktober merupakan awal dan suatu peng- hancuran PKI dan Gerwani.
    [Show full text]