Key Individuals Year 8 History: Topic 2 Key Vocabulary Charles I – King from 1625- The English Civil War Divine Right of Kings – belief that the King is 49. The only English chosen by God and can go no wrong monarch who has been Why was Charles unpopular? executed Ship Money – unpopular tax that Charles He spent lots of money on his lifestyle and wars forced people who lived near the coast to Henrietta Maria – Charles pay I’s wife, she was a French This meant he had to frequently ask Parliament to raise taxes Catholic Royalist – supporter of the King When MPs refused, he sent them away for 11 years Oliver Cromwell – leader of MP – Member of Parliament – elected to sit the Parliamentarian Army. The Civil War He was accused of being arrogant, and not listening to anyone’s in the House of Commons and be involved in Became Lord Protector advice ruling the country. after Charles’ execution 1642-1649 (some argue that he began People feared he and Henrietta Maria may make England Catholic Roundhead – Parliamentarian soldier to behave like a King) King = Cavaliers: cavalry (soldiers on horse) and Charles marched into Parliament and tried to arrest 5 MPs who Cavalier – royalist soldier Archbishop Laud – leader of musketeers (early rifles) opposed him the Church, appointed by New Model Army – the army that Cromwell Charles. He favoured a more formed. It was much more organised and Parliament = Roundheads: After the War Catholic form of Christianity infantry (foot soldiers) disciplined that the King’s army and pikemen (used long Prince Rupert – leader of Charles arrested. Put on trial for treason. Found Puritan – very strict Protestant stick with blade on the guilty. the King’s army end) He was beheaded in London. Key Battles: Edgehill (1642) His execution was not popular (even though many Newbury (1643) people hated him). Naseby (1644) Naseby (1645) Cromwell took over the Commonwealth (England was no longer a Kingdom).

He made the country Puritan, and behaved like a king.