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2/2012 Security and Human Rights Issues in South-Central Somalia

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2/2012 Security and Human Rights Issues in South-Central Somalia 2/2012 ENG Security and human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia 30 January to 19 February 2012 Copenhagen, April 2012 Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: 00 45 35 36 66 00 Web: www.newtodenmark.dk E-mail: [email protected] Overview of Danish fact finding reports published in 2010, 2011 and 2012 Honour Crimes against Men in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) and the Availability of Protection, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact-finding mission to Erbil, Sulemaniyah and Dahuk, KRI, 6 to 20 January 2010 2010: 1 Entry Procedures and Residence in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) for Iraqi Nationals, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact-finding mission to Erbil, Sulemaniyah, Dahuk, KRI and Amman, Jordan, 6 to 20 January and 25 February to 15 March 2010 2010: 2 Human rights issues concerning Kurds in Syria, Report from a joint fact finding mission by the Danish Immigration Service (DIS) and ACCORD/Austrian Red Cross to Damascus, Syria, Beirut, Lebanon, and Erbil and Dohuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), 21 January to 8 February 2010 2010: 3 Allegations against the National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP) and warnings against return to Nigeria, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact-finding mission to Abuja, Nigeria, 9 to 17 June 2010 2010: 4 Security and Human Rights in South/Central Iraq, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact-finding mission to Amman, Jordan and Baghdad, Iraq, 25 February to 9 March and 6 to 16 April 2010 2010: 5 Human Rights and Security Issues concerning Tamils in Sri Lanka, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact-finding mission to Colombo, Sri Lanka. 19 June to 3 July 2010 2010: 6 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and Thailand, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s Fact finding mission to Bangladesh and Thailand, 4 to 17 February 2011 2011: 1 Update on Entry Procedures at Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Checkpoints and Residence in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), Report from Danish Immigration Service‟s fact- finding mission to Erbil, Suleimaniyah and Dohuk, KRI, 7 to 24 March 2011 2011: 2 Iranian Kurdish Refugees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), Report from Danish Immigration Service‟s fact-finding mission to Erbil, Suleimaniyah and Dohuk, KRI, 7 to 24 March 2011 2011: 3 Chechens in the Russian Federation, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Russian Federation, 12 to 29 June 2011 2011: 4 Update (2) On Entry Procedures At Kurdistan Regional Government Checkpoints (Krg); Residence Procedures In Kurdistan Region Of Iraq (Kri) And Arrival Procedures At Erbil And Suleimaniyah Airports (For Iraqis Travelling From Non-Kri Areas Of Iraq), Joint Report of the Danish Immigration Service/UK Border Agency Fact Finding Mission to Erbil and Dahuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), conducted 11 to 22 November 2011 2012: 1 Security and human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia, 30 January to 19 February 2012 2012: 2 Security and human rights issues in S-C Somalia, including Mogadishu Contents Introduction and disclaimer ................................................................................................................. 4 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Security and political situation in South-Central Somalia ................................................................ 9 1.1 Security situation in Mogadishu and Benadir region ................................................................. 9 1.1.1 Mogadishu‘s District Commissioners and security issues ................................................ 16 1.1.2 Security situation for women in Mogadishu ..................................................................... 19 1.1.3 Civilian casualties in Mogadishu ...................................................................................... 20 1.1.4 Daily life and security in Mogadishu ................................................................................ 21 1.1.5 Security and humanitarian situation for IDPs in Mogadishu ............................................ 23 1.2 Security situation in other areas of South-Central Somalia ..................................................... 26 1.2.1 Security situation in Kismayo, Lower Juba Region, and Gedo Region ............................ 30 1.2.1.1 Who controls the Bajuni Islands? .............................................................................. 31 1.2.2 Security situation in Hiran Region, including Belet Weyne ............................................. 32 1.2.3 Security situation in Galgaduud Region and Galkayo ...................................................... 33 1.3 Political and security scenarios in Mogadishu and South-Central Somalia ............................. 34 2 Military operations in South-Central Somalia ................................................................................ 40 2.1 Military operations in Central Somalia by AMISOM and the TFG ........................................ 40 2.2 Military operations in South-West Somalia by the Kenyan army ........................................... 42 2.3 Military operations in Central Somalia by the Ethiopian army ............................................... 43 2.4 Eritrean engagement in South-Central Somalia ....................................................................... 44 3 Human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu .......................................... 45 3.1 Human rights issues in Al-Shabaab controlled areas ............................................................... 48 3.1.1 Forced recruitment of minors ............................................................................................ 49 3.1.1.1 Forced recruitment in Mogadishu .............................................................................. 50 3.1.2 Forced marriage ................................................................................................................ 50 3.1.3 Non-Islamic behaviour ...................................................................................................... 51 1 Security and human rights issues in S-C Somalia, including Mogadishu 3.2 Human rights issues in TFG/AMISOM controlled areas......................................................... 52 3.2.1 Human rights issues related to NGO and civil society activists ....................................... 55 3.2.2 Forced recruitment of minors ............................................................................................ 57 3.2.3 Forced marriage and rape .................................................................................................. 58 3.3 Tracking down defectors from Al-Shabaab ............................................................................. 59 3.3.1 Treatment of Al-Shabaab defectors by the TFG and the NSA ......................................... 62 4 Freedom of movement in South-Central Somalia........................................................................... 64 4.1 Freedom of movement in Mogadishu ...................................................................................... 64 4.2 Freedom of movement in South-Central Somalia .................................................................... 68 4.2.1 Freedom of movement between TFG/AMISOM and Al-Shabaab controlled areas ......... 68 4.3 Freedom of movement for women ........................................................................................... 71 4.3.1 Freedom of movement for women in Al-Shabaab controlled areas ................................. 71 4.3.2 Freedom of movement for women in TFG/AMISOM controlled areas ........................... 72 5 Protection and legal justice in South-Central Somalia.................................................................... 73 5.1 Clan protection ......................................................................................................................... 73 5.1.1 Clan protection and women .............................................................................................. 76 5.2 Protection by the TFG .............................................................................................................. 77 5.2.1 Avenues to seek redress .................................................................................................... 78 5.3 UN assistance to TFG law enforcement forces ........................................................................ 80 6 Internal Flight/Relocation Alternative ............................................................................................ 83 7 Return to Mogadishu and South-Central Somalia .......................................................................... 85 7.1 New Somali passports .............................................................................................................. 85 7.2 Arrival at Mogadishu airport.................................................................................................... 85 7.2.1 Other airports in South-Central Somalia ........................................................................... 86 7.3 Returnees
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