Infrastruktur Og Erhvervsudvikling I Østjylland Siden 1945

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Infrastruktur Og Erhvervsudvikling I Østjylland Siden 1945 Infrastruktur og erhvervsudvikling i Østjylland siden 1945 ISBN: 978-87-7507-318-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.11.10 2 Infrastruktur og erhvervsudvikling i Østjylland siden 1945 Forsideillustration: Århus Havn 2007. Ph.d.-afhandling Udarbejdet af Henrik Mølgaard Frandsen Aarhus Universitet Det Humanistiske Fakultet Institut for Historie og Områdestudier Indleveret til bedømmelse december 2010 Hovedvejleder: Lektor Jørgen Fink, Institut for Historie og Områdestudier, Aarhus Universitet Medvejleder: Professor Claus Vastrup, Økonomisk Institut, Århus Universitet 3 Forord Ved udarbejdelsen af denne afhandling har jeg haft glæde af hjælp og inspiration fra flere sider. Tak til personerne omkring Center for Erhvervshistorie, der løbende har bidraget med inspiration og opmuntring, hvor det var påkrævet. Desuden sendes også en varm tanke til personerne på IHO, som har gjort de sidste tre år til en god og spændende oplevelse. Adskillige enkeltpersoner fortjener i den grad at blive nævnt ved navns nævnelse. Det gælder ikke mindst medvejleder på denne afhandling Claus Vastrup, som jeg gerne vil rette en stor tak til for gode råd og kritiske kommentarer. Min hovedvejleder Jørgen Fink har været en stor hjælp igennem forløbet. Jeg vil gerne takke ham for hans store tålmodighed, gode vejledning og altid åbne dør. Desuden skal lyde en tak til flere sponsorer, som har bidraget økonomisk til projektet. Det gælder Århus Havn, Per Aarsleff A/S, Kamstrup A/S, Nordea og Pressalit A/S. Endvidere skal alle de som på forskellig vis har bidraget med materiale, viden og tid i forbindelse med afhandlingens tilblivelse takkes. Det gælder ikke mindst Århus Havn, som beredvilligt har stillet materiale til rådighed, og de personer som har deltaget i interviewforløb eller på anden vis bidraget med materiale. Tak til Claus Kjersgaard Nielsen, Pelle Oliver Larsen, Jens Wendel- Hansen, Mikael Frausing og Anders Gade Jensen for hurtig korrektur på afhandlingen. Jeg vil også gerne takke Anna Louise Plaskett for løbende praktisk bistand og smittende humør igennem hele forløbet. Freja Eriksen skylder jeg også en varm tanke og tak for hendes løbende interesse for mit velbefindende de seneste tre år. Endelig en stor tak til min familie for løbende opbakning og for at stille rolige arbejdsomgivelser til rådighed, når det syntes påkrævet. Strands, december 2010 Henrik Mølgaard Frandsen 4 Indholdsfortegnelse 1.0 Indledning ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Problemformulering og begrebsdefinitioner .............................................................................. 8 1.2 Metode, teori og emneafgrænsning ............................................................................................ 9 1.3 Litteratur og kilder ................................................................................................................... 12 2. Lokaliseringsteori og infrastrukturteori ......................................................................................... 14 2.1. Lokaliseringsteori.................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1. En gennemgang af teorier inden for lokaliseringsområdet .............................................. 15 2.1.2. Paul Krugman‟s Geography and Trade ........................................................................... 18 2.1.3. Clusterteori ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.4. Lokaliseringsteori – en samlet vurdering ......................................................................... 36 2.2. Infrastruktur – begreb, teorier og hovedproblematikker ......................................................... 39 2.2.1. Begrebsudvikling ............................................................................................................. 39 2.2.2. Teoriudviklingen .............................................................................................................. 43 2.2.3. Sammenfatning ................................................................................................................ 48 3. Erhvervsudviklingen i Østjylland siden 1945 ................................................................................ 50 3.1. Perioden 1945-1973 ................................................................................................................ 50 3.1.1. De internationale rammer................................................................................................. 50 3.1.2. Den erhvervsmæssige udvikling i Danmark .................................................................... 52 3.1.3. Den regionale udvikling ................................................................................................... 54 3.2. Perioden 1973-1993 ................................................................................................................ 56 3.2.1. De internationale rammer................................................................................................. 56 3.2.2. Erhvervsudviklingen i Danmark ...................................................................................... 57 3.2.3. Den regionale udvikling ................................................................................................... 59 3.3. Erhvervsudviklingen siden 1993 ............................................................................................. 62 3.3.1. Erhvervsudviklingen internationalt .................................................................................. 62 3.3.2. Erhvervsudviklingen i Danmark ...................................................................................... 63 3.3.3. Udviklingen i Østjylland siden 1993 ............................................................................... 65 3.4 Sammenfatning ........................................................................................................................ 85 3.4.1. Perspektiver ...................................................................................................................... 90 4. Infrastrukturudviklingen ............................................................................................................ 93 4.1 Indledning ................................................................................................................................ 93 4.2. Den overordnede udvikling på transportområdet siden 1945 ................................................. 94 4.2.1. Udviklingen på transportområdet i Danmark................................................................... 94 5 4.2.2. Udviklingen inden for banesektoren1945-1973 ............................................................. 100 4.2.3. Udviklingen inden for banesektoren 1973-1993 ............................................................ 101 4.2.4. Udviklingen inden for banesektoren efter 1993 ............................................................. 104 4.2.5. Perspektiver for banesektoren ........................................................................................ 108 4.2.6. Den overordnede transportudvikling siden 1993 ........................................................... 110 4.2.7. Infrastrukturinvesteringer siden 1993 ............................................................................ 116 4.2.8. Sammenfatning .............................................................................................................. 117 4.3. Udviklingen inden for motorvejsområdet ............................................................................. 120 4.3.1. De indledende år – perioden 1945-1973 ........................................................................ 121 4.3.2. Perioden efter 1973 ........................................................................................................ 122 4.3.3. Udviklingen af det østjyske motorvejsnet ...................................................................... 124 4.3.4. Sammenfatning .............................................................................................................. 127 4.4. Luftfartstrafikken i Østjylland siden 1945 ............................................................................ 129 4.4.1. Perioden 1945-1973 ....................................................................................................... 129 4.4.2. Tirstrup Lufthavns udvikling ......................................................................................... 132 4.4.3. Perioden 1973-1993 ....................................................................................................... 134 4.4.4. Sammenfatning .............................................................................................................. 135 4.5. Søfartsudviklingen siden 1945 .............................................................................................. 136 4.5.1. Skibsfarten som transportfaktor ..................................................................................... 137 4.5.2. Perioden 1945-1973 ....................................................................................................... 138 4.5.3. Containeriseringen ......................................................................................................... 139 4.5.4. Århus Havns udvikling .................................................................................................
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